DATE OBJECTIVE CONTENT METHOLOGY RESOURCE METERIAL TO EVALUATION

PERSON BE USE SCHEME

Be able to The definition of pregnancy. Lecture Nursing Power point

understand and PREGNANCY DEFINITION. Discussion Students of presentation. Fully Met if:
what pregnancy is. and Universidad de Or other
- MERRIAM WEBSTER: Definition of pregnant containing a Question and Sta. Isabel visual aids for The learners will
developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the answer with lectures. be able to
body : GRAVID. the patient define
- Pregnancy is the term used to describe the period in which a pregnancy
fetus develops inside a woman's womb or uterus. correctly at the
- Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 same time,
months, as measured from the last menstrual period to enumerate the
delivery. common
- Pregnancy is a time of many physiologic and psychological discomfort during
changes that can positively or negatively affect the woman, pregnancy, learn
her fetus, and her family. Misconceptions, inadequate how to relieve
information, and unanswered questions about pregnancy, discomfort during
birth, and parenthood are common. The ultimate goal of any pregnancy and
pregnancy is the birth of a healthy newborn, and nurses play learn pregnancy
Be able to identify a major role in helping the pregnant woman and her partner self-care
the common achieve this goal. Ongoing assessment and education are management.
discomfort during essential.
pregnancy.
Enumerate the common discomfort during First, Second and Third
Trimester of pregnancy.

Discomfort during pregnancy

First-Trimester Discomforts
During the first 3 months of pregnancy, the woman’s body is
 undergoing numerous changes. Some women experience many
discomforts, but others have few. These discomforts are caused by
the changes taking place within the body and pass as the pregnancy
progresses.

In the case Ana is experiencing vomiting and mild head ache, urinary
frequency and breast tenderness
 Most common is nausea and vomiting
 Urinary Frequency or Incontinence
 Fatigue
 Breast Tenderness
 Constipation
 Nasal Stuffiness, Bleeding Gums, Epistaxis
 Cravings
 leucorrhea

at least 50% of women experience nausea and vomiting during

pregnancy. The physiologic changes that cause nausea and vomiting
are unknown, but research suggests that unusually high levels of
estrogen, progesterone, and hCG and a vitamin B6 deficiency may be
contributing factors.

Urinary frequency or incontinence is common in the first trimester

because the growing uterus compresses the bladder. For this same
reason, it also is a common complaint during the third trimester,
especially when the fetal head settles into the pelvis.

Due to increased estrogen and progesterone levels, which cause the

fat layer of breasts to thicken and the number of milk ducts and
glands to increase during the first trimester, many women
Be able to learn the experience breast tenderness.
management to
relieve discomfort
during pregnancy. Second-Trimester Discomforts
A sense of well-being typically characterizes the second trimester for
most women. By this time, the fatigue, nausea, and vomiting have
subsided and the uncomfortable changes of the third trimester are a
few months away. Not every woman experiences the same
discomforts during this time, so nursing assessments and
interventions must be individualized.

It is important to inform Ana about the discomfort during the second

trimester, because Ana is working as a sales lady in a mall.
 Backache
 Leg Cramps
 Varicosities of the Vulva and Legs
 Hemorrhoids
 Flatulence with Bloating

Third-Trimester Discomforts
As women enter their third trimester, many experience a return of
the first-trimester discomforts of fatigue, urinary frequency,
leukorrhea, and constipation. These discomforts are secondary to
the ever-enlarging uterus compressing adjacent structures,
increasing hormone levels, and the metabolic demands of the fetus.
 Shortness of Breath and Dyspnea
 Heartburn and Indigestion
 Dependent Edema
 Braxton Hicks Contractions

Give the list of management to relieve discomfort during

pregnancy.
Manage the Discomforts of Pregnancy
1. Urinary Frequency or Incontinence
 suggest to Ana to decrease her fluid intake 2 to 3
hours before bedtime and limit her intake of
caffeinated beverages.
 Increased voiding is normal, but encourage the client
to report any pain or burning during urination.
 Also explain that increased urinary frequency may
subside as she enters her second trimester, only to
recur in the third trimester.
 Teach the ana to perform Kegel exercises throughout
the day to help strengthen perineal muscle tone,
thereby enhancing urinary control and decreasing the
possibility of incontinence.

• Try Kegel exercises to increase control over leakage.
• Empty your bladder when you first feel a full
sensation.
• Avoid caffeinated drinks, which stimulate voiding.
• Reduce your fluid intake after dinner to reduce
nighttime urination.

2. Fatigue
• Attempt to get a full night’s sleep, without
interruptions.
• Eat a healthy balanced diet.
• Schedule a nap in the early afternoon daily.
• When you are feeling tired, rest. Nausea and
Vomiting
 • Avoid an empty stomach at all times.
• Munch on dry crackers/toast in bed before arising.
• Eat several small meals throughout the day.
• Drink fluids between meals rather than with meals.
• Avoid greasy, fried foods or ones with a strong odor,
such as cabbage or Brussels sprouts.
Identify and learn
pregnancy self-care 3. Backache
management. • Avoid standing or sitting in one position for long
periods.
• Apply heating pad (low setting) to the small of your
back.
• Support your lower back with pillows when sitting.
• Stand with your shoulders back to maintain correct
posture.

4. Leg Cramps
• Elevate legs above heart level frequently throughout
the day.
• If you get a cramp, straighten both legs and flex your
feet toward your body.
• Ask your health care provider about taking additional
calcium supplements, which may reduce leg spasms.
5. Varicosities
• Walk daily to improve circulation to extremities.
• Elevate both legs above heart level while resting.
• Avoid standing in one position for long periods of
time.
• Don’t wear constrictive stockings and socks.
• Don’t cross the legs when sitting for long periods.
• Wear support stockings to promote better circulation.
 Hemorrhoids
• Establish a regular time for daily bowel elimination.
• Prevent straining by drinking plenty of fluids and
eating fiber-rich foods and exercising daily.
• Use warm sitz baths and cool witch hazel compresses
for comfort.

6. Constipation
• Increase your intake of foods high in fiber and drink at
least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid daily.
• Exercise each day (brisk walking) to promote
movement through the intestine.
• Reduce the amount of cheese consumed.
Heartburn/Indigestion
• Avoid spicy or greasy foods and eat small frequent
meals.
• Sleep on several pillows so that your head is elevated.
• Stop smoking and avoid caffeinated drinks to reduce
stimulation.
• Avoid lying down for at least 2 hours after meals.
• Try drinking sips of water to reduce burning
sensation.
• Take antacids sparingly if burning sensation is severe.
7. Braxton Hicks Contractions
• Keep in mind that these contractions are a normal
sensation.
• Try changing your position or engaging in mild
exercise to help reduce the sensation.
• Drink more fluids if possible.
Give a sample of pregnancy self-care management.

Nurses can play a major role in providing anticipatory guidance and

teaching to foster the woman’s responsibility for self-care, helping
to clarify misconceptions and correct any misinformation. Educating
the client to identify threats to safety posed by her lifestyle or
environment

Promote pregnancy self-care management and proposing ways to

modify them to avoid a negative outcome are important. The
pregnant client can better care for herself and the fetus if her
concerns are anticipated and identified by the nurse and are
incorporated into teaching sessions at each prenatal visit
 Personal Hygiene - Hygiene is a necessity for the
maintenance of good health
 Perineal Care - The glands in the cervical and vaginal areas
become more active during pregnancy secondary to
hormonal influences. Advise pregnant women to shower
frequently and wear all-cotton underwear to minimize the
effects of these secretions. Explain that they should also
avoid perfumed soaps, lotions, perineal sprays, and harsh
laundry detergents to help prevent irritation and potential
infection.
 Dental Care - Brushing and flossing teeth twice daily will help
reduce bacteria in the mouth. Advise the woman to visit her
dentist early in the pregnancy to address any dental caries
and have a thorough cleaning to prevent possible infection
later in the pregnancy
 Breast Care - Instruct the woman to anticipate buying a
larger sized bra about halfway through her pregnancy
because of the increasing size of the breasts. Advise her to
 avoid using soap on the nipple area because it can be very
drying. Encourage her to rinse the nipple area with plain
water while bathing to keep it clean.
 Clothing - Advise pregnant women to avoid wearing
constricting clothes and girdles that compress the growing
abdomen. Urge the woman to avoid knee-high hose, which
might impede lower-extremity circulation and increase the
risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. Low-heeled shoes
will minimize pelvic tilt and possible backache. Wearing
layered clothing may be more comfortable, especially toward
term, when the woman may feel overheated.
 Exercise - Exercise is well tolerated by a healthy woman
during pregnancy. It promotes a feeling of well-being,
improves circulation, helps reduce constipation, bloating, and
swelling, increases energy level, improves posture, helps
sleep, promotes relaxation and rest, and relieves the lower
back discomfort that often arises as the pregnancy