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http://www.archive.org/details/essentialrussianOOanpiuoft
B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY,
V. I. ZIMIN, E. Y. SOSENKO

ESSENTIAL
RUSSIAN-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY

PROGRESS PUBLISHERS
Moscow
 PyCCKO-AHrJlHflCKHft JIEKCHHECKHfl MHHHMVM
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS BY V. KOROTKY
EDITED BY R. DIXON
COVER DESIGNED BY B. TRIFONOV

Ot"^
vS^^
 FOREWORD
This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a
teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.] outside Russian linguistic milieu.
It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists oi the commonest Russian words (vo-
cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the
words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words
but their uses as well.
The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the
meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary,
semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jiioSobf, k p6-
flHHe love for one*s country, c^^eJiaxB BLiBo;t to draw a conclusion, coBepmiixb no-
ciynoK to perform an action, KaK Bac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mbi onosfla-
JiH K na^ajiy cneKTaKJiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of
words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative
expressions containing these words are given, e.g. JIlct KaK H3 Be^pa It is
raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoporaero All the best, Vm xopomo, a ABa jiynrae
Two heads are better than one, etc.
The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words.
At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which
widen the scope of the vocabulary.
It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic-
tionary will provide the necessary foundation for conversation on various
everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals
without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often.
Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in
its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech
it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest
of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as
separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in
the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary
is based on an exact word count.
The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals,
pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives
have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article
define them clearly enough.
Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu-
liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of
an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. KOB\en, gen. -ua,end) or genitive
plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied.
The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full.
Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl.
All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. Bo^a,
ace. BoAy, water; ctojt, gen. ctoji^, pi. ciojiti, table; etc.
Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural
endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are
1*
irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form
adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones.
Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive
and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by
the feminine, neuter and plural forms.
Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons
singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are
specially marked, e.g. npoaoJi>KaTbCH to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no-
6eAiiTb to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation
of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is
formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (BesTii
to carry— —
sea, Besjia; bbhtb to take bbhji, BSflJia). Irregular formations of the
imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6HTb to beat — Sen.
Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec-
tive verbs only the infinitive is given, with reference to the imperfective for
meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective
forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms.
After the imperfective forms questions are aupplied helping to determine
the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter-
part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one
of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning.
When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is
always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun-
terpart in one meaning and a different one in another.
Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given
after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously
with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered
as separate words, e.g. meji (from h^th to go), Bwme (from blicokhh high),
MHC (from H /), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini-
tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as
independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jiioah people, jiynme better,
etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their
principal forms.
Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all.
In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically.
In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de-
noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural.
These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec-
tives, e.g. ^^auny 3 Frenchman, (^paunymeuKa Frenchwoman; ^paLRU,y3hi the French,
(DpanuHH France; (J)paHqy3CKHii French.
Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given.
Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked
['], the secondary [']. All the words without independent stress should be
merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as xaK me, na ctoji, hc 6 bin,
He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets.
The Compilers
 THE RUSSUN ALPHABET

A a Pp
B 6 C c

B B T T

r r y y

(D(|.

E e X X

E e nn
m JK ^ q

3 3 mm
H H mm
H ii ^

K K hi H
JI ji b

M M 9 9

H H 10 K)

o fl fl

n n
 ABBREVIATIONS

ace, accusative n., noun

adj., adjective neut., neuter
adv., adverb num., numeral
ant., antonym p., perfective
colloq., colloquial paren., parenthetic
comp., comparative pj^rt., participle
conj., conjunction pers., person
dot., dative philos., philosophy
/., feminine pi., plural
fig., figurative poss., possessive
fut., future pred., predicate
gen., genitive predic, predicative
i/np., imperfective prep., preposition
iniper., imperative prepos., prepositional
iinpers., impersonal pron., pronoun
indecl., indeclinable q. v., which see
inf., infinitive sing., singular
instr., instrumental superl., superlative
lit., literal usu., usually
m., masculine
 A, a aKa;teMHfl. The Agricultural Academy.
yqHXbCfl B aKa^eMiiH. To study at
an academy.
A conj. and
AKKYPATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short
H ynycL b ynnBepcHTeTe, a hg b hh-
form aKKypaxen, aKKypaxH|a, -o,
CTHTyxe. study at a university,
/
-m; adv. aKKypaxHo painstaking,
and not at an institute. Mm Hsy^aeM
punctual
pyCCKHH fl3LIK, a OHH aHrJinHCKHH,
We study Russian and they, English. AKKypaxHMH cxyA^HT. A painstak-
ing, punctual student. IlHcaxb aK-
ABryCT m., no pi. August KypaxHO. To write carefully.
CeroAHfl AecHToe aBrycTa. Today is
the tenth of August. H npiiexan b
AHAJIH3 m. analysis
aBrycie. / came in August. H npn-
AnajiHS H Analysis and
CHHxea.
synthesis. AnajiHa MejKAynapoflHoro
exa.i AecHToro aBrycia. / came on
the tenth of August.
noJiOJKeHHH. An analysis of the in-
ternational situation.
ABTOBYC m. bus
<> AnajiHS KpoBH. Blood test.
Exaxb Ha asToSyce. To go by bus.
B aBT66yce mhofo napofly. There AHPflHA /., no pi. tonsillitis

are many people in the bus.

y MeHfi anrHHa. / have tonsillitis.
Bojiexb anrHHOH. To be ill with
ABTOMAT m. automatic machine
tonsillitis.
Tejie(|)6H-aBT0MaT. Public telephone.
AIIEJIBCflH m. orange
CTanoK-aBTOMax. Automatic machine-
BKycHbiH anejibCHH. A tasty orange.
tool.
KnjiorpaMM anejibCHHOB. A kilo-
ABTOMOBflJIb m. motor-car gramme of oranges.
Exaxb Ha aBXOMo6HJie. To go by AnJIOAflPIOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox
car. imp. KOMy? He My? to applaud
ABTOP m. author AnjiOAHpoBaxb apxiicxy. To applaud
Abxoj) KHHrn. The author of a book. an actor.
ABTOPyMIKA /., gen. pi. -eK foun- AnilETflT m. appetite
tain-pen XopomHH annexHX. A good appe-
IlHcaxfc aBTopy^KOH. To write with tite. IIpHHXHoro annexHxal / wish
a fountain-pen. you a good appetite!
ArPECCflBHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie aggres- AIIPEJIB m., no pi. April
sive CeroAHfl nepBoe anpeJifl. Today is
ArpeccHBHaH nojiiixHKa. An aggres- the first of April. Oh npncAex e
sive policy. anpeJie. He will come in April.
AFPOHOM m. agronomist ^BaAuaxb xpexbero anpenfl mh ea-
PaSoxaxb arpOHOMOM. To work as jlHjiH Ha 3KCKypcHH). We went on
an agronomist. an excursion on the twenty-third of
AJ^PEC m., pi. -a address April.
J[ame mhg sam ^Apec. Give me your AHTEKA /. chemist's
address. Ilocjiaxb nmchud no a^pe- fleJKypnaH anxena. Duty chemist's.
cy. To send a letter to an address. HoKynaxb JieKapcxBa b anxeKe. To
AKA^EMHH /. academy buy medicine at a chemist's shop.
AKa;^6MHH nayK. The Academy of APB]$^3 m. water-melon
Sciences. GejibCKOXosHucxBeHHafl Cn^JibiH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon.
 .

APE BE3

APECTIOBATb, -yio, -yemi.. -yioT Ohh nosHaKOMHJiHCB Ha 6ajiy. They

imp. & p. Koro? to arrest metat a ball.
ApecTOBaib npeCTynnHKa. To arrest BAJIET m. ballet
a criminal. HoBHH 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo-
APMHH /. army xpexb 6ajiex. To see a ballet. IIohxh
CnJibHafl apMHH. A strong army. Ha 6a;iex. To go to a ballet.
APTflCT m. actor BAJIKOH m. balcony
ApTHCT KHHO. A cinema actor. Ha- BbiiixH Ha 6ajiK6H. To come (go) out
poAHMH apTHCT GCGP. A People's on to the balcony.
Artist of the USSR. BAHK m. bank
APXHTEKTOP m. architect TocyAapcxBeHHUH 6aHK. The State
TjiaBHWH apxHTCKTop. The chief Bank. Hai^iioHajiBHUH 6aHK. The
architect. IIpoeKT apxHxeKTopa. The National Bank.
architect's project. BAHIKA /., gen. pi. -ok jar
ACOHPAHT m. post-graduate student GxeKJiHHHafl 6aHKa. glass jar. A
AcnnpaHT Ka(J)eApH MaxeMaTHKH. BAHH bath-house
/.
A post-graduate of the Mathematics BACKETBOJI m., no pi. basket-ball
Chair. IlrpaxB B 6acKex66ji. To play bas-
Atom m. atom ket-bfll
Atom BOHopoAa. A hydrogen atom. BACCEHH m.
ATOMH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -He atomic 1. swimming-pool. HjiaBaxb b 6ac-
AxoMHaa aneprHH. Atomic energy. cefme. To swim in a swimming-
AxoMHafl 8JieKTpocTaHD;Hfl. An atom- pool.
ic power-station. Atomhhh Jie^o- 2. basin. KaMeHHoyroJibHLiw 6ac-
KOJi. An atomic ice-breaker. Atom- ceHH. A coal basin.
Hafl 66m 6a. An atomic bomb. BAnilHH /., gen. pi. -en tower
AYAHTOPHfl /. BbicoKaH 6amHfl. A high tower.
1. lecture-room. IlHTafl ay^HTopHH. KpeMJieBCKne 6amHH. The Kremlin
Lecture-room No. 5. Mm sann- towers.
MacMCfl B TpeTfceu ayAHTopHH. BEFAITb, -emb, -lox imp. to run
-10,
We have our lessons in Room JleTii 6eraiox b ca^y. The children
Three. are^ running about in the garden.
2. audience. BHHMaTejiLnafl ay^H- EEJIA /., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble
TopHH. An attentive audience. JXpyr noMor MHe b 6eAe. friend My
ABPO^POM m. aerodrome helped me in my need.
Ha aapoflpoMC. At the aerodrome. BE^HIblH, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form
Exaxfc Ha aapoApoM. To drive to 6eAeH, 6eAHa, 6eAH|o, -h; adv. 6eAH0
the aerodrome. 1. poor. BeAHaa cxpana. poor A
A3POnOPT m., prepos. b aaponopxy country. Oh 6eji 6eAH0 OAex.
airport He was poorly dressed.
BcxpeHaxb ^ejieraqHio b aaponopxy. 2. fig. poor, y
aero 6eAHoe boo6-
To meet a delegation at the airport. paJKeHHC. He has a poor imagi-
nation.
3. fig., only complete form poor.
BeAHaa meHmiinal Ona noxepajia
B, 6
Cbiaa. The poor woman! She has
her son.
lost
BAfiynilKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand- BE^ATB, 6ery, 6eH«Hmb, 6eryx imp.
mother 1. to run. CnopxcMCH 6e?KHx 6bi ex-
BA3A /. po. The sportsman runs quickly.
1. basis.9K0H0MHHecKafl 6a3a. An 2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6ejKiix. Time
economic basis. flies.
2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military BE3 prep. -\- gen. without
base. Han 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar.
BAJI m., prepos. ua 6ajiy & o daJie; XoAHXb 6e3 manKH. To go without
pi. -M ball a cap.
 .

BE3 BHJI

<> Be3 nflTH MHHyT BOceMb. Five BecHJiaxHoe o6yHeHHe. Free educa-
minutes to eight. Hex j^uMa 6e3 tion. BecnjiaxHoe MeAHi^HHCKoe o5-
orHfl (proverb). There is no smoke CJiyjKHBaHiie. Free medical service.
without a fire. OxflMxaxb 6ecnjiaxH0 b canaxopuH.
BE3PAB0TH|blfl m., gen. -oro unem- To have free lodgings and board in
ployed person a sanatorium.
Oh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed. BECnOKOlHTbCH, -locb, -nmbCH,
BEJIIMB, -aH, -oe, -ue white -axcfl imp. KOM? o HeM?
BeJiaH CKaxepTb. A white table-cloth. 1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno-
<> Bejibiii xjie5. White bread. KOHXbCfl o AexHX. To worry about
BEJIbE neut., no pi. underwear; linen the children. BecnoKoiixbCH o
HafleTb qiicToe 6ejiLe. To put on SflopoBbe. To be concerned with
clean underwear. OT^axb 6ejibe b one's health.
CTHpKy. To give out one's washing. 2. to bother. He 6ecnoK6fixecb, h
IIocTeJibHoe 6ejibe. Bed-linen. caM 3X0 cp^enaio. Don't bother,
BEPEF m., prepos. o Gepere & na 6e- I'll do it myself.
pery; pi. -a bank, shore BECnOKOnHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv.
Beper peKii. The bank of the river. Seen OKo MHO
Beper oaepa. The shore of the lake. 1. restless. BecnoKOHHafl H«i3Hb.
OxAMxaxb na 6epery MopH. To rest A restless life.
at the sea'side. 2. restless. BecnoKOHHBiH qejiOBeK.
BEPEHB, 6epery, 6epe}KemL, 6eperyx, A restless person.
past 6eper, 6eperji|a, -6, -h imp. 3. fig. agitated. BecnoKOHHoe Mope.
K r 6? H X o? to take care (of) A choppy sea.
Beperwxe SAopoBbe. Take care of BECnOJIE3HlbIH, -an, -oe, -tie, short
your health. Bepe^b ^exen. To take form 6ecnojre3eH, Secnojieanla, -o,
care of the children. Bepe^b -bi; adv. 6ecnojie3HO useless
BpeMH. To make the most of one's Becnojie3Hoe aauHXHe. A useless
time. occupation.

BECEJ^A /. conversation
BECnOMOmHlbin, -an, -oe, -we, short
form 6ecn6MOm,eH, 6ecn6MomH|a,
/lIpyH^ecKafl Secefla. A
friendly con-
-h; adv.GecnoMomHO helpless
-o,

versation. Becxii 6eceAy. To carry

on a conversation.
BecnoMomHuii peGenoK. A helpless
child
BECEJi;iOBATB, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp. BECnOPHAlOK m., gen. -Ka disorder
C KeM? KOM? HCM?//?. DO- BecnopHAOK b KOMnaxe. Disorder
GecefllOBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to in the room.
talk BHBJIHOTEKA library
/.
H 6eceAyK) c xoBapnmeM o hoboh HaynnaH 6H6JiHoxeKa. A scientific
KHHre. / am talking about a new book literature library. IlySjiHHHafl 6n6-
with my friend. JiHOxeKa. A public library. Bpaxb
BECKOHEHHIblfl, -aH, oe, -Me, short KHiirH b 6H6jTHOxeKe. To borrow
form 6ecK0HeHeH, 6ecK0HeHH|a, -o, books from a library.
-M BHJIET m.
1. endless. BecKOHe^naH paBHHHa. 1. ticket. Bnjiex b xeaxp, b khho.
An endless plain. Ha KOHuepx; na noean, na napo-
2. endless. BecKOHe^HbiH cnop. An xofl, Ha caMOJiex. A
ticket for the
endless argument. theatre, for the cinema, for a con-
3. infinite. Mnp SecKOHeneH. The cert; for a train, for a ship, for
world is infinite. a plane.
BECnAPTflflHlblfl m., gen. -oro non- 2. card. IlapxHHHEiH 6HJiex. A party
party membership card. HpHrJiacMxeJib-
Oh 6ecnapxHHHHH. He belongs to no HLiH 6HJiex. An invitation card.
party. Gxyj];eHHecKHH 6HJiex. A stu-
BECnJIATHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. dent's card.
6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis 3. 3K3aMeHan;H6HHbiH 6hji6x. A
 .

BHO 10 BOJI

question-paper (for oral examina- Gner Sjigctht he cdJiniie. The snow

tions) . is sparkling in the sun. Fjiaaa y nee
BHOrPAOHH /. biography 6jiecTHX ox paflocxH. Her eyes are
PaccKaaaxb 6Horpd$iiio. To tell one's sparkling with joy.
biography. BJIECT}^I^|Hfl, -aH, -ee, -ne
BHTb, 6b|K), -eniL, -H)t; imper. 6eH imp, 1. shining. BjiecxamHH npeAM^x.
1. Koro? ^eM? noHGMy? to A shining object.
beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy nanKOH no 2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycn6-
CDHHe. He heat the dog on the XH. Brilliant success. Bjiecxfln^HH
hack with a stick. oxBex. A
splendid answer.
2. HTO? qeM? p.paaoiiTL, pa- BJIfi3K|H0, -an, -oe, -He, short form
3o6blK), -emt, -TOT to break. 6JIH30K, 6jiH3Ka, 6jih3k|o, -h; adv.
Pa36HTb CTGKJIO KaMHGM. To 6jiu3ko; comp. SjiHjKe
hreak a pane with a stone. Paa- 1. near. B;iH3KaH agp^bhh. near A
6HTb cxaKan. To break a glass. village. Jlec h pen^ 6jih3KO. The
3. Koro? p. paaCi'iTb to defeat. river and the forest are close by.
PaaSHTb Bpara. To defeat the R jKHBy 6jiii3K0 ox yHHBepcHxe-
enemy. xa. / live near the university.
A. p. npo6iiTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 2. figf close. BJIH3KHH flpyr. A
used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -k)T close friend.
to strike. Bbiox nacbi kpbmjigb- BJIIOAO neut.
CKOH 6amHH. The clock of the 1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik)ao. A
Kremlin tower is striking. porcelain dish.
BflTBCH, 6b|K)Cb, -erabCfl, -iotch imp. 2. course. IlepBoe 6jik)A0. The first
1. to beat. GepAi^e Swjiocb. The course. OSeA hb xpex 6jik)a. A
heart was beating. three-course dinner.
2. to struggle. Oh aojifo 6viJiCfl na^
peraeHHeM saAa'in. He wrestled
BOr [6oxl m., gen. pi. -6b God
BepHXb B 66 ra. To believe in God.
with the problem for a long time.
BJIArO^APlflTb, -K), -limb, -ht imp.
BOrATCTBO neut.
1. wealth. Orp6Mnoe 6oraxcxBo.
Koro? HTO? 3a ht6?//>. no6jia- Great wealth.
rojtaplHTb, -10, -Hmb, -ht to thank
2. pi. resources. IIpHpoAHHe 6or^T-
BjiaroflapK) sac aa BHHMaHHe. (/)
cxBa. Natural resources.
thank you for your attention.
BJIArOJ^APH prep. + dat. thanks to, BOrATIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form
owing to 6or^T, -a, -0, -m
Bjiaro^apH ynopnoMy Tpy^y ohh 1. rich. BoraxuH nejioBeK. A rich
BwpacTHJiH SoraxLiH ypo?KaH. Thanks person
to persistent work they've grown a 2. fig. rich. Boraxmn ypoHtan,
rich crop. yji6B. A rich harvest, catch.
BJIE^HElTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. /p. BOfl m., prepos. b 6ok) & o 66e; pi.
noSjieflHelxb, -lo, -emb, -lox to turn 6oH, 6oeB battle
pale norii6Hyxb b 6oi6. To die in bat-
no6jieflHeTb ox cxpaxa. To blanch tle. Ha noJie 66h. On the battle-
with terror. field.
BJI^J\H\hlVL, -an, -oe, -bie, short form BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6oKy; pi. -A side
6jieAeH, 6JIe;^Hd, 6ji^ah|o, -h; adv. JlejKaxb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's
SjieflHO side. JIoBepHyxbCH 66kom. To turn
1. pale. Bji^AHoe jihi^o. A
pale face. side-ways.
BjieflHUH ox BOJiHeHHH. Pale BOJIEE adv. more
with excitement. B6Jiee bwcokhh. Taller. B6Jiee hh-
2. fig. colourless. Bji^ahmh otb^t. xepeCHWH. More interesting.
Acolourless answer. <> Ten 66jiee (qTo). The more so\
BJIE|CTETB, -niy, -CTHmb, -cxiix or -my, especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee.
6jien;emb, 6ji6n;yT, 1st & 2nd pers. More or less.
rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle B0JlE3Hb /. disease, illness
BOJI II BOH

TflJKejiafl 6o.ie3Hb. A grave BOJIbfflHHCTBO neut., no pi. ma-

disease. jority,most
BOJIEH, 6ojiLHJa, -6, -u short adj. used BojibmHHCXBo cxyfleHxoB sanHMaexca
as predic. ill {cf. BOJIbHOfl) cnopxoM. Most students go in for
fl doJien. / am ill. Ona 6ojiLHa yjKe sports.
AaBHo. She has been ill for a long BOJIbiniOfl, -afl, -6e, -He, comp. 66jib-
time. me (q. v.)
BOJIE|TBS -K), -eniL, -k)t imp. neM? 1. big, large. BojibmoH aom. A big
to be ill house. Bojibmaa pena. A large
BojieTB jioJiTo. To be ill for a long river.
time. Bojiexb rpnnnoM. To be ill 2. great. BojibmaapaAOcxb. A great
with the 'flu. H 6ojie;i aHniHon. / joy.
had a sore throat. BOMBA /. bomb
BOJI|ETb^ 1st & 2nd pars, not used, AxoMHaH 66M6a. An atomic bomb.
3rd pers. -tit, -ht imp. to hurt, to ache BoAopoAHafl 66M6a. A hydrogen
y MGHH 60JIHT Hora. My
leg hurts bomb. BaopBaxb 66M6y. To explode
me. yMGHH Sojinx roJiOBa / have a . a bomb.
headache. Y Hero 6o;ieJiH sySu. BOPlEU; m., gen. -ua fighter
He had a toothache. Y Hee 60J111T Bopei^ 3a CBo66Ay- ^ fighter for
ropjio. She has a sore throat. freedom. Bopii,w aa Miip. Champions
BOJIbHai^A /. hospital of peace.
Fopo/tCKafl 6ojii>HHi^a. A
city hospi- BOPOTbCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembCH, 66-
tal. Jle/KaxB B SojiBHiiue. To be in
pioxcH imp. 3 a h x 6? 3 a k r 6?
hospital.
npoxHB Hero? npoxHB ko-
BOJIbHO to? c KeM? c HeM? to fight, to
1. adv. badly. MaJiLHim Sojibho struggle
yniHScH. The boy hurt himself BopoxbCH c BparoM. To fight the
badly. enemy. BopoxbCH c 6ojie3HHMH.
2. predic. impers. it hurts. Mne To fight disease. BopoxbCH 3a Mtip.
GoJTbHO. It hurts me. To fight for peace.
BOJIbHlOfl, -afl, -6e, -Lie
1. sick, bad,
diseased. BoJibHan
BOPbBA /., no pi. 3 a hxo? 3 a
AeBo^Ka. A sick girl. BojibHoe Koro? npoxHB nero? npo-
cepAUe. A bad heart.
XHB Koro? c KeM? c ^eM?
2. fig. sore. Bojibhoh Bonpoc. A
1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a aa neaa-
sore problem. 3x0 ero 6oJibH6e
BHCiiMOCXb. Struggle for independ-
Mecxo. This is his sore spot.
ence. BopbCa npoxHB BparoB.
BOJIbHlOfl m., gen. -oro; 6ojibH|afl The fight against the enemies,
KjiaccoBafl 6opb6a. Class struggle.
/., gen. -OH, pi. -bie, gen. -tix sick
person, patient IIojiHXHHecKafl 6opb6a. politi- A
cal struggle.
BojibHOH jiemJTX b 6ojibHiin,e. The
2. wrestling. KjiaccHHecKan 6opb-
patient is in hospital. Bpan ocMax-
6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. BoJib-
pHBaex SojibHoro. The doctor is
Hafl 6opb6a. Free style wrestling.
examining the patient.
BOJIblHE BOTflHlKH pi., gen. pi. -ok; sing.
1. comp. 0/ SojibmoH bigger. Mock- -OK, gen. -Ka boots
Ba SoJibme JlennHrpaAa. Moscow KyHHxb 60XHHKH. To buy boots.
is bigger than Leningrad. BoxHHKH copoK Bxoporo pasMcpa.
2. comp. of MHoro more. Oh ana ex Size number forty-two boots.
Sojibme, qeM a (66jibrae mchh). BO|)lTbCH, -KCb, -iimbcfl, -hxca imp.
He knows more than I do. Koro? Hero? & + inf. to be
<> Bojibine Bcero. Most of all. afraid, to fear
3. adv. more. BoJibme Hex BonpocoB? BoHXbCfl npocxyAH. To fear a chill.
No more questions? fl SoJibme He BoHXbCfl Mopoaa. To be afraid of
Mory. / can't endure it any the frost. BoflXbCfl 3a6oJiexb. To be
longer. afraid of falling ill. fl 6oi6cb, hxo
BPA 12 Byji

ono3flaK) Ha noesA. / am afraid I'll Mbi AOJiro 6poAHJiH no jiecy. We

miss the train. roamed the forest for a long time.
<> BOJIKOB 60HTbC« —B JieC HB BPOCAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. /
xoAHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- p. 6p6|cHXb, -my, -cnmb, -chx
ture, nothing have. J^ejio Macxepa 1. Koro? Hxo? KyAa? to throw.
6eHTCfl (proverb). Gf. He works best BpocHXb pbi6y B BOAy. To throw
who knows his trade. a fish into the water, h e m? b
BPAT m., pi. 6paTLH, 6paTteB Koro? BO Hxo? Bpociixb
brother KaMHeM B OKHO. To throw a
CTapniHH 6paT. The elder (eldest) stone at a window.
brother. Mnaj^miiik opax. The young- 2. -\-inf. to give up. BpocHXb Ky-
er (youngest) brother. pnxb. To give up smoking.
<> PoflHoii 5paT. Brother. Jluom- <> Bpocaxb cjiOBa Ha sexep. To
poAHbiii 5paT. (First) cousin. talk at random.
BPATb, 6ep|y, -emb, -yx, past 6pa;i, BPOCAITbCH, -locb, -embCH, -ioxch
6pajia, 6paJi|o, -h imp. h t o? ko- imp. KyAa? na Kor6?/iP. 6p6|-
to?//?. B3flTb, B03LM|y, -cniL, -yT, CHXbCfl, -mycb, -cnmbcn, -chxch to
past BBflJI, BSflJia, BBHUJO, -H throw oneself (on), to attack
1. to take. Oh Seper khiifh co Go6afca 6p6cHJiacB na 4eji0BeKa. The
CTOJia. He is taking the books dog attacked the man. BpociixbCH
off the table. B MOpe. To throw oneself into the
2. 3 a HTo? to take. Bpaxb Koro- sea.
HH6yflb 3a pyny. To take some- BPOCHTb see BPOCATb
body by the hand. BPOCHTbCH see BPOCATbCH
3. to borrow. Bpaxb KHiini b 6h6- BPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6piOK trou-
.iHOTene. To borrow books from sers
the library. My>KCKHe 6pK)KH. Men's trousers.
O BsfliTb ce6fl B pyKH. To pull ByJ^flTb, 6yjKy, 6yAHmb, 6yAHT imp.
oneself together. BsflTb cjiobo. To Koro? /p. pa36yARXb, pa36yH{y,
take the floor. pasSyAHHib, pa36yAHx to wake
BPATLCfl, 6eplycL, -enibca, -yxcfl, Pa36yAHXb xoBapiima. To wake up
past 6pajiCH, 6paJi|acb, -ocb, -ncb a friend.
imp. 3a Koro? 3a hto ?//?. By^TO conj. as if
BSflTbCH, B03bM|yCb, -euibCH, -yTCfl, Oh paccKa3biBaex xaK HHxepecHO,
past B3HJICH, B3flJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb 6yAxo caM Bce axo BiiAeji. He has
1. to take hold of. Oh b3hjich sa such an interesting way of telling
pyHKy ,^BepH. He took hold of things as though he had actually
the handle of the door. seen them himself.
2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro- B'yj^yimEE neut., gen. -ero the fu-
pflHo BSfiJica 3a paSoxy. He set ture
about the work enthusiastically. JlfiTU. — name 6yjs,ymee. Children
BPHrAj}[A team
/. are our future. B 6yAyn^eM. In the
Bparafla paSonnx. A team of workers. future.
BPlITbCH, -embCH, -ioxch
6pe|K)Cb, B^ayimHH, -afl, -ee, -ne future;
imp. HeM?//).no6pHXbCfl, no6pe|- next
K)Cb, -enibCH, -IOXCH to shave ByAymaH pa66xa. Future work. B
— Bw Speexecb b napHKMaxepcKOH? 6yAymeM roAy. Next year.
— Hex, H 6p6K)Cb caM. "Z)o you B^KBA /. letter
shave at a barber's?" ''No, I shave B pyccKOM aji$aBHxe 33 6yKBbi.
myself." There are 33 letters in the Russian
BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -6h eyebrow alphabet.
HepHHe 6p6BH. Black eyebrows. ByjIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok roll
XMypnxb 6p6BH. To knit one's CAoCnafl 6vJiKa. A bun.
brows. ByjIOHHIAH [-mn-] /., gen. -oh bakery
BPO^flTB, 6poH«y, CpoAHmb, 6p6AHX Kyniixb xJieSa b 6yjioHHOH. To buy
imp. to roam some bread at the baker's.
BYM 13 BA3K

BYMArA /. 6biJi Jiec,a xenepb ropo^. There

1. no pi. paper. HiicTaa 6yMara. used to be a forest here, and now
Clean paper. ByMara ji^zia nncb- there is a town. B MocKBe MHoro
Ma. Note-paper. TeaxpoB. There are many theatres
2.: ll,eHHHe SyMarn. Securities. in Moscow.
B^PH /. storm 2. to have. Y Mena ecxb 6pax. /
CwjiBHaH 6ypH. A violent storm. have a brother. Y
Riena 6bi.T
<> Bypfl B CTEKane boaw. A storm 6pax. / had a brother.
in a teacup. 3. to be (ecxb is omitted). Gennac
ByXEPBPOjt rn. sandwich 3HMa. It is winter now. Bnepa
ByTep6p6A c MacjioM. Bread and 6biJi CHer. There was snow yester-
butter.ByxepSpoA c BexHHHOH. A day. Bnepa 6bijia naxHHna, ce-
ham sandwich. rd;i;Ha cy666xa, a saBxpa 6yflex
ByXb'IJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle BOCKpeceHbe. Yesterday was Fri-
ByTWJiKa MOjiOKa. A
bottle of milk. day, today is Saturday and to-
Bya)£T m. morrow will be Sunday.
1. sideboard. B 6y(j)eTe ctoht nam- 4. to be (ecxb is omitted) Moii 6pax
KH H CTaKaHBi. There are cups — HHHteHep. My brother is an en-
and
glasses in the sideboard. gineer. MoH oxen; 6mji BpanoM.
2. buffet. Bj^er pa66TaeT c 9 ^lacoB. My father was a doctor, fl 6yAy
The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. arpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono-
Bbl (B) modal particle, rendered in mist.
English by the Conditional Mood and
also by the compound pronouns and B, B
adverbs whoever, whatever, however,
whenever, etc. B (BO) prep.
I. 1. ECJIH 6w H 3HaJI, fl 6m hosbo- I. -\- prepos.
HHJi Te6e. Had I known, I would 1. in. B HHCbMeHHOM cxojie. In
have called you up. the desk. Mockbc. To
HVxETh b
2. JlexoM H xoxeJi 6w noexaxt b live in Moscow. IIpoHHxaxb b ra-
JleHHHrpaA. / should like to go 3exe. To read in anewspaper.
to Leningrad in summer. 2. in. Po;:^HXbCfl b 1949 ro^y. To
3. nieji 6li tli cnaibl You ought be born in 1949. B abrycxe. In
to go to bed! August. B nponijiOM BCKe. In
II. 1. Kto 6li Mor 3T0 Cflejiaxb? Whoever the last century.
could have done that? 3. in. HejioBeK b nepnoM KOcxioMe.
BblBAlTb, -enib, -lox imp.
-10, A man in a black suit.
1. to go, to visit. Hacxo 6MBaio H II. -j- ace.
B xeaxpe. / often go to the 1. in, to, at. nojio>KHXb b mna^.
theatre. To put in the wardrobe. IIpHexaxb
2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h 6biBaiox B MocKBy. To come to Moscow.
6ojibmHe Moposbi. There are 2. on, at. B cy666xy b xpn ^laca
severe frosts in winter. 6yflex coSpanne. There will be a
BKlCTPIblfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form meeting at three o'clock en
6bicxp, 6bicxpa, 6bicxp|o, -bi; adv. Saturday.
6bicxpo quick, swift 3. not translated. IlepeBbinojiHHXb
Bbicxpaa peKa. A
swift river. Bbicx- njian b j^Ba paaa. To fulfil a
po exaxb. To go quickly. plan twofold.
BblTb, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense BAPOH m. (railway) carriage
ecxb is often omitted; fut. 6yji;ly. JKecxKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail-
-enib, -yx; past 6biji, 6bijia, 6bijio, way carriage. MarKHH BaroH. A soft-
6bijiH; He 6hji (-o, -h), ne Swjia seated railway carriage.
im,p. BAHCH|blQ, -an, -oe, -He, short form
1. there is (are). B Mockbg ecxb Bamen, BaJKna, BajKHJo, -bi; adv.
yuHBepcHxex. There is a univer- BaWKHO
sity in Moscow. Panbrae a^ecb 1. important. BajKHoe coo6^^eHHe.
BAH 14 BEP

An
important announcement (com^ 2. particle but. Beflb axo npasAal
munication). BawHUH Bonpoc. But this is the truth/
An important question. 9to hg BEHCJlHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short
Ba>KHO. This is of no importance. form BeJKJiHB, -a, -o, -ii; adv. Bern-
2. important, pompous. Oh roBO- JiHBO polite
pHJi c Ba?KHHM BHAOM. He was BeJKnHBbiH Majib^HK. A polite boy.
speaking with an air of impor- Be>KjiHBO npocHXb. To ask politely.
tance. BE3J^El adv. r a e? everywhere
BAHHA /. bath BesAe Jiewaji cner. There was snow
IIpHHHTb BaHHy. To take a hath. everywhere.
<> BaHHbi. Sun-baths.
C6jiHe*!Hbie BE3|Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nea, sea-
BosAymHbie BaHHbi. Air-baths. Jija, -6, -li imp. Koro? ^to?
BAPEHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue boiled KyAa?
Bapenoe mhco. Boiled meat. 1. to take, to carry. Mamjina Beaex
BAPflTb, BapK), Bapnmb, BapflT imp. MOjioKO B ropoA. The truck
qTO? //). CBapnTB, CBapio, CBapnrab, is carrying the milk to town.
ceapflT to boil, to cook BeaxH peSeHKa b eanaxopHH. To
BapjiTb Mflco. To
boil meat. Cfia- take the child to the sanatorium.
pHTb cyn. To cook soup. Bapiixb 2. imfers. ko My? to be lucky. EMy
o6eA- To cook dinner. Beaex. He is lucky. Mne He
BAIII, -a, -e, -ii pron. your Besjio. / had no luck.
BoT Baraa KOMHaTa. Here is your BEK m., pi. -a, -6b century
room. KaK Bame SAopoBbe? How are /^BaAUaxbin BeK. The twentieth cen-
you? tury. B npomjioM Bene. In the last
BBEFX adv. Ky^a? up(ward) century.
GMOxpexb BBepx. To look up. Jle- BEJIlETb, -K), -limb, -hx imp. & p.
TOTb BBepx. To fly upward. {past only p.) k o M y? qeMy?
BJ^AJIll adv. rfle? in the distance -|- inf. to order
Bjiajivi HOKaaaJicJi noea^. trainA Maxb BeJieJia CMy hohxh b MaraaHH.
appeared in the distance. His mother told him to go to the
B/^AJlb adv. Ky^a? into the dis- shop. Ona BejieJia, hx66li oh KyniiJi
tance Macjia. She told him to buy some
CMOTpeTb B^ajib. To look into the butter.
distance. BEJlflK, -a', -6, -H short adj. (cf.
B^^BOEM two (together)
adv. BOJIblUOfl & BEJIflKHfl) too
PaGoTaxb b^bocm. To work together large
(two persons). KocxiOM BeJiHK ewy. The suit is too
BJ^OJIb prep. 4- gen. along large for him. Ty^JiH ea BemiKU.
Exaxb B^ojib 6epera Mopn. To drive The shoes are too large for her.
along the sea coast. B^OJib ^oporH BEJIflKlHfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form
pacxyx AepeBbH. There are trees BejiHK, -a, -0, -H great
along the road. BejiHKHii yHeHwii. A great scholar.
B;^Py^ adv. suddenly BEJIOa/inEJJ, m. bicycle
B^pyr nomeji ^oJ^At. Suddenly it HoBbiH BeJiocHHeA- -4 new bicycle.
started to rain. Exaxb Ha BejiocnneAe. To ride a
BE^PO neut., pi. Be^pa, Be^ep, bca- bicycle.
paM, bucket
etc. BEPA f., no pi. B Koro? bo qxo?
BeApo BOAH. A bucketful of water. belief, faith
<> ^OH<Ab jibGT KaK H3 seApa. // Bepa B no6eAy- Belief in victory.
is raining cats and dogs. Bepa B HeJiOBCKa. Faith in man.
BEflb BEP£B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok string,
1. conj. for. Oho6H3axejibHO npn- rope
Aex, BeAb oh snaex, hxo Mti ero ^jiMHHafl BepeBKa. A long piece of
TKjjfiM. He will certainly come, for string.
he knows that we are waiting for BEPIHTb, -K), -nmb, -ht imp./ p. no-
him. BeplHXb, -K), -Hmb, -ax
 .

BEP 15 BEq

1. KOMy? HGMy? to believe. H Becennee coJiniie. The spring sun.

Te6e Bepio. / believe you. Becennee najibTo. A spring coat.
2. B K r 6? BO H T 6? to have BE|CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht imp. to
faith (in). BepnTb b Hapo;^, b weigh
erd CHJiH. To have faith in the Apoya BecHT nnxb KHjiorpaMMOB.
people, in their strength. The water-melon weighs five kilo-
BEPHI^Tb, -y, -emt, -yT p. Koro? grarnmes.
^TO? KOMy?to return BECHA /., pi. Becnw spring
BepeyTij ji^eHhTU TOsapHmy. To re- BECHOfl adv. in spring
turn money to one's friend. BecHoH na noJinx xaex oner. In
BEPHiyXBCH, -ycb, -emtcH, -yxcfl p. spring the snow thaws in the fields.
K y A ^? o T K y fl a? to come back BECTH, BeAl.y, -erab, -yx, past bcji,
BepnyTLca ;i;om6h. To come back BeJi|a, -6, -ri imp.
home. BepnyTbCH H3 noesflKH. To 1. Koro? Hxo? Ky^a? to take.
come back from a trip. Maxb BeAex peSeuKa b AexcKHH
caA. The mother is taking her
BEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
child to the kindergarten.
Bepen, Bepna, Bepno, Bepnti; adv.
2. Hxo? to conduct. Becxii ypoK.
BepHO To conduct a lesson.
1. faithful. BepHHH Apyr. A faith-
<> BecTH xo3flHCTBO. To keep a
ful friend. Bepno cJiy>KHTb na-
house.
poAy. To serve the people faith-
3. to lead. KyAa bcaSx 3xa Aopo-
fully.
ra? Where does this road lead to?
2. correct. Bepnoe peraeHiie. The
<> BecTH ceSn. To behave. PeSenoK
correct decision. Bepnan mhcjib.
BGAeT ce5H xopomo. The child
The right idea. Bepno pemnxb
behaves well. On iie yivieeT bbcth
sa^a^y. To solve a problem cor-
ce6n. He can't behave himself.
rectly.
BEPOHTHO paren. word probably
BECb {gen. Bcero), bch {gen. Bceii),
Bce {gen. Bcero), Bce {gen. Bcex)
GerOAHH MH, BepOHTHO, nOHACM B pron
Knno. Today we shall probably go
1. all,whole. Pa66xaxb Becb Aenb.
to the cinema.
To work the whole day. Pa66xaxb
BEPTOJIET m. helicopter BCK) HO^b. To work the whole
BepTOJieT HOBOH KOnCTpyKDiHH. A night.
helicopter of a new design. 2. used as n. nee everything. Bce
BEPXHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee. -ne B nopHAKe. Everything is all
1. upper. BepxnHH aiaJK. The upper right.
storey. 3. used as n. ece everybody. Bce
2. outdoor. Bepxnee njiaxte. Out- npnmJiri? Has everybody come?
door clothes. BepxHflH OAe^K^a. <> Bcero xoporaero! All the best!
Outdoor clothes. Bce speMH meji ji,o'Mji,h. It was
BEPfflflHA top /. raining all the time.
Bepmnna ^epeBa. The top of a tree. BETIEP m., gen. -pa wind
Bepmiina ropH. The top of a moun- IIoAyJi CHJibHWH Bexep. A strong
tain. wind
blew.
BEC m. weight Bf.TlKA /., gen. pi. -ok
Bee Tejia. The weight of a body. 1. branch. BexKa SepesLi. A branch
BoJibmoH Bee. A great weight. of a birch-tree.
BECEJIjblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 2. branch-line. JKeJieanoAopoiKHafl
BecejT, Becejia, Becejilo, -u; adv. BexKa. A
railway branch-line.
Becejio merry, gay BEHEP m., pi. -a
Becejibie CTyAeBTbi. Gay students. 1. evening. IIpHHXH aomoh b ceMb
BecejiaH neCHH. A
merry song. Mne HacoB Be^epa. To come home at
BeceJio. / feel gay. seven o'clock in the evening.
BECEHHIHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne spring 2. evening-party. IlpaaAHHHHbiH
BeceHHHH ji,eEh. A
spring day. Benep. A festive evening.
BEH 16 BHH

MyatmaJiBHUH Beiep. A musical 2. n, grown-up. GJiymancfl B3p6c-

evening.JlnTepaxypHUH Be^ep. Jibix! Listen to grown-ups/
A literary evening. B3PbIB m.
BEHEPHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne 1. explosion. BspbiB SomSm. A
1.evening. BeHepHHH aapH. Eve- bomb explosion.
ning twilight. 2. fig. outburst. BspwB cMexa. An
2. evening. Beqepnee nJiaxLe. An outburst of laughter.
evening dress. BeHepHHH (|)a- B3flTb see BPATb
KyJiLTex. Evening department. B3HTbCH see BPATbCH
BEHEFOM adv. in the evening BJIJI} m.
H npHfly K BaM BenepoM. / shall 1. look. BAopoBbiH BHfl. healthy A
come to see you in the evening. Bqe- look. BoJibHoft BH/i;. An unhealthy
pa Be^epoM y nac 6ujiii tocth. We look.
had guests yesterday evening. 2. view. KpacHBHH bh^ na ropofl.
BEinAlTb, -K), -eniL, -k)t itiip. k o- A beautiful view of the city.
ro? HTO? Kyjs,a?/p. noBe|cHTb, <0> HMGTb B BHAy. To bear in mind.

-my, -CHmb, -cht to hang BHJl,^ m. sort, kind, species

Bemaxb KapTHHy na cieny. To hang Bfl^EH, BHflna, bhaho, bh^hm short
a picture on the wall. adf. visible
BEmECTBO neut. substance rdpoji BPiflen c Mopfl. The town
TBepfl;oe BemecxBo. Solid substance. can be seen from the sea.
TKiijiKoe Beni;ecxB6. Liquid substance. Bfl/^HO Koro? H X 0? predic. im-
ra30o6pa3Hoe Ben^ecxBo. Gaseous pers. (it is) visible
substance. OxcioAa flaJieKO bii;jho! You can see
BEmib /., gen. pi. -eft
far into the distance from here!
1. thing. Hy>KHafl Bem;i>. thing A Hmero ne bh^ho. Nothing is visible.
one needs. \\Usu.pl. Beiii,ii things. Mne xopomd bitaho. / can see
OxBeaxH BOKsaJi. To
Bemn na well.
take one's things to the station.
2. thing. KoMno3Hxop nanncaji xo-
BflmETb, -my, -jiiiuih, -flflx imp.
pomyio BemB. The composer
Kord? Hxo?//?. yBHl;i;exb, -jKy,
-ji:Hmb, -AHX to see
wrote a good piece.
B3AflMH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -me mutual
B oKHo fl BHHty cxapbiH napK. / see
an old park through the window.
BaaiiMHafl jik)66bl. Mutual love.
IIjioxo Bir;5exb, To have poor eyesight.
B3B0JIH0BATb see BOJIHOBATb Fajj, Bac BM^exb. / am glad to see
B3rJIHA m. you.
1. look. IIpHCXaJIbHMH B3rJIHA. A
<> BHACTb BCe B pOSOBOM CBCTe.
stare. HezKHuft B3rJiflji;. -^'^
To see through rose-coloured spec-
affectionate look. BpoCHXb
tacles.
B3rJiH^. To cast a glance.
2. view. HayHHHe bsfjihabi. Scien- Bil^HMO paren. word apparently
tific views. BftflHMO, 3X0 6hji ee snaKOMbiH. It
BBrJIflH^Tb, BsrJiHHy, BsrJiRHemb, must have been her acquaintance.
BsrJiHHyT p. HaKoro? na hxo? BlI^H|blQ, -afl, -oe, -we eminent
to glance Bh;i;hhh yqenbiH. Afi eminent
Oh B3rJiHHyji na nacu. He looked scientist.
at the clock. BflJIlKA gen. pi. -ok fork
/.,
BSAOXHyTb see Ba^blXATb JI,aHxe,noHtdJiyncxa, BWJiKy. Will
B3;:^bIXA|Tb,^ -K), -erab, -lox imp./ you give me a fork, please? Ecxb
p. B3AoxH|yxb, -y, -emb, -yx to sigh BHJIKOH. To eat with a fork.
TjiySoKo BSAOXHVxb. To heave a BHH A /. fault
^
deep sigh. 3x0 MOH BHHa. It is my fault. 3x0
B30flTfl see BCXOflflTb npoH3omji6 no mo6h bhuo. It has
B3P(3CJI|blfl, -afl, -oe, -bie happened through my fault.
1. grown-up. BspocJibiH cwh. A BHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine
grown-up son. KpenKoe bhho. Strong wine. Qjiap,.
BHH 17 BHH

Koe BHHo. Sweet wine. Cyxoe bhho. -erab, -yT, past BJiea, BjiesJila, -o,
Dry wine. -H to climb
BHHOBATIWH, -aH, -oe, -He, short MaJibHHK BJies Ha Kpwray. The boy
form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -bi climbed onto the roof. Oh BJies b okho.
1. guilty, fl BHHOBaT nepeA bsmh. He climbed in through the window.
/ guilty towards you. Oh hg
am BJIF3Tb see BJIE3ATb
BHHOBaT. He is not guilty. BJIHUHHE neut. influence
2. fig., only complete form guilty. OnasaTb BJiHHHHe na TOBapnraa. To
BHHOBaTufi BsrJiHfl. guilty A exert influence on a
friend. BbiTb
look. BuHOBaToe BbipajKenne jih- Hoa BjTHHHHeM 6paTa. To be under
na. A guilty expression on one's the influence of one's brother.
face. BJTIOBflTbCH see BJIIOBJIilTbCH
BHHOrPA/^ m., no pi. grapes; vine BJlK)BJlH|TbCH, -K)Cb, -eiiibCH, -iotch
CJiaAKHH BHHorpaA- Sweet grapes. imp. B Kord? bo ^to?//?. bjik)-
BH|CETb, -ray, -ciimb, -cat imp. rfle? 6l'lTbCH, BJIK)6HrabCH,
BJIK)6jIl6cb,
to hang bjti66htch to in love
fall
IlaJibTo BHCi'iT Ha BeraaJiKe. The Oh BjTK)6(ijicfl B MOK) cecTpy. He
coat is hanging on a hanger. KapTa fell in love with my sister.
BHcr'iT Ha CTCHe. The map is hang- BMECTE adv. together
ing on the wall. PaOoraTb BMecTe. To work together.
BKJIfOHAITb. -emb,^ -iot i?np.
-K), BMECTO prep. -\- gen. instead of
H t 0^/ p. BKJiK)H|HTb, -y, -lirab, -ax BMecTO ypoKa ceroann 6y;teT aK-
to switch on CKypcHH. There will be an excur-
BKJiiOHHTb CBeT. To switch on the sion instead of the lesson today.
light. BMEinATbCH see BMEUIHBATbCH
BKJIIOHfiTb see BKJIIOHATb BMEUlHBAITbCH, -locb, -erabCH,
BKyC m. -lOTCH imp. BO H T 6? / />. BMe-
1. taste, y cyna CTpaHHMH BKyc. malTbCH, -locb, -erabCH, -iotch to
The soup tastes queer. interfere
2. fig. taste. OaeBaTbCH co BKycoM. He BMemHBaHTecb ne b cBoe neJio.
To dress with taste. Y Hero Don't interfere in what doesn't con-
xoporaHH BKyc. He has good cern you.
taste. BHA4AJIE adv. at first, at the begin-
BKyCHIblfl, -an, -oe. -tie, short form ning
^
BKVceH, BKycna, BKycH|o, -li; adv. BnaqaJie see CJiyraajin BHHMaTejib-
BKycHO tasty HO. At first everybody listened at-
BKycHuii saBTpaK. A tasty break- tentively.
fast. Qua roTOBHT BKycno. She BHE prep. -\- gen. outside
cooks tasty meals. Bne AOMa. Outside the house.
BJlAJ\E\Th, -10, -erab, -iOT imp. HeM? <> Bne 6»iepeflH. Out of turn.
1. to own. Bjiaj^eTb seMJieii. To BHECTfl see BHOCflTb
own land. BHEmHlHW, -flfl, -ee, -ne

2. fig. to know. BjiafleTb HHocTpan- 1, outer, outward.

HWM H3E>ik6m. To know a foreign 2. external, foreign. BneraHHH no-
language. jiHTHKa. Foreign policy. Bnera-
BJlAH{H|blM, -an, -oe, -bie, short form HHH TOproBJTH. Foreign trade.
Bjiawen, BJia>KHa, BJia>KH|o, -w damp BHH3 aofz^. k y fl a? down(ward)
BjiawHbiH KJiHMaT. A
damp climate. CnycTHTbCH BHH3. To come {go) down.
Bjiawnan TpauKa. A damp rag. BnH3y adv. r fl e? below
BJIACTb /. power Bhhsv TeKJia peKa. Down below
BwTb (cTOHTb) y BJiacTH. To be in flowed a river.
power. BsHTb BJiacTb b cboh pyKH. BHHMAHHE neut. attention
To take power into one's hands. BHHMaHHe! Attention! 06pamaTb
ITpHHTW K BJiacTH. To come to power. BHHMaHHe Ha ht6-jih6o. To pay
BJIE3A|Tb, -K), -erab, -iot imp. na attention to something. HpHSJieKaTb
HTO? bo HTO?/ /). BJie3|Tb, -y, BHHMaHHe. To attract attenUon. He
2—4002
BHH 18 B03

oCpamaHTe BHHManHH. Don't pay BOAa. Fruit drink. CxanaH boah.

attention. Bjiaro^apio Bac 3a bhh- A glass of water.
MaHHe. Thank you for your attention. <0' BuuTH cyxHM H3 BOAbi. To come
BHHMATEJIbHiblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, off unscathed. KaK abc Kanjin bo-
short form BHiiMaTejien, BHHMaTeJib- AW. As like as two peas. Mnoro
H|a, -0, -u; adv. BHHMaiejibHO atten- BOAbi yxeKJio. Much water has
tive. BHHMaTejibHMii yqeHHK. An flowed under the bridges.
attentive pupil. BmiMaTejibHO HiiTaTt BOJ^flTb, BOJKy, BOAHOib, boaht imp.
KHiiry. To read a hook attentively. 1 .K r 6? H X o? K y A a? to take.
BHOCflTb, BHomy, BHOcnnib, bhocht BoAHXb Aexea na nporyjiKy b
imp. Koro? h t o? KyA^?/ napK. To take the children out for
p. BHeclTif, -y, -eniL, -yx, past bhSc, a walk in the park.
BHecji|a, -6, -fi 2. Hxo? to drive, BoAUXb ManiH-
BHecTii Bemn b KoMHaxy. To carry HV. To drive a car.
the things into the room. BO|EBATb, -lOK), -loemb, -loiox imp.
<> BfiecTH npeAJiOHcenne. To table c K e M? c H e M? to fight
a motion. Boesaxb c BparoM. To fight the
BHYK m. grandson enemy.
BHyTPEHHIHfl, -ne
-nn, -ee, BOEHHI biH, -an, -oe, -bie war, military
1. internal. BHyipeHHiie 6oJie3HH. 1. BoeHHoe nojiowenne. The mili-
Internal diseases. tary situation. BoeHHaa npo-
2. internal. BHyTpeHnee nojio>KeHHe MbimjiCHHOCXb. War industry.
B CTpane. The internal situation BoeHHoe BpeMH. War time.
in a country. BHVTpeHHHH noJiii- 2. n. Moil 6pax — BoenubiH. My
TiiKa. Internal policy. brother is in the army.
BHYTPH BOaCj^lb m., gen. -h leader
1. adv. rji;e? inside. Bojiht BHyx- Bo>KAb HapoAa. The leader of the
pii. It hurts inside. people.
2. prep, -f- gen. inside. Bnyxpii B03BPATflTb see B03BPAmiATb
KOMHaxbi. Inside the room. BOaBPATflTbCfl see B03BPAmATb-
BHYTPb inside, into Cfl
1. adv. K y A a?: IIpHHaxL jiCKapcxBO B03BPAmA!Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
BHyxpK. To take a medicine. KOro? HXO? KO My?/ /?. B03Bpa|-
2. prep. -\- gen.: SarjiHHj'xT. Bnyxps xiixb, -n;y, -xiimb, -xhx to return
aajia. To look into the hall. BosBpaxHXb AOJir xoBapHm;y. To
BH^HlKA gen. pi. -en granddaugh- return a debt to one's friend.
/.,
ter B03BPAmA|TbCH, -locb, -enibCH,
-loxcH imp. Kyjia?^ oxKyAa?/
BOBPEMH adv. in time
p. B03Bpa|XHXbCfl, -myCb, -XHfflbCH,
IlpHiixH BoepeMH, To come in time.
-xaxcH to come back
BO BPEMfl prep, -j- gen. during BosBpantaxbCH aomoh h3 noxofla.
Bo BpeMH BOHHM. During the war. To return home from a hike.
Bo BpeMH nepepuBa. During the
interval.
B033;yX m. air
HmcxwiS BosAyx. Pure air. CBe»CHH
BOBCE (He) adv. at all BOBAyx. Fresh air.
Oh BoBce He AOKXop, a HHJKenep. <> Ha CBCHteM eoBAyxe. In the open
He not a doctor at
is all, he is an air.
engineer. B03flTb, Bowy, BoBHmb, bobax imp.
BO-BTOPb'IX paren. word second(ly) Koro? ^xo? to carry
Bo-nepBbix, h ycxaji, BO-BxopHX, MaraiiHbi Bosflx khpdhhh. Lorries
xony cnaxt. First, I'm tired, sec- carry bricks.
ondly, I'm sleepy. B03JIE
BO3A /., ace. BOAti water
BOfly; pi. 1. adv. near. ManiHHa ocxanoBH-
XojiOAHaH BOAa. Cold water. Fopn- jiacb BOSJie. The motor-car stop-
^an BOAa. Hot water. MnnepaAbHaa ped near by.
BOAa. Mineral water. OpyKxoBaH 2. prep. + gen. near. Er6 AOm na-
 .

B03 19 BOP

XOflHTCfl BOSJie yHHBepCHTGTa. BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6b wolf

His house is near the University. <> BojiKOB 5oflTbCH B Jiec He —
BO3M0aCHOCTI> /. xoAHTfa (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-
1. opportunity. IlMeTB bo3m6>k- ture, nothing have.
HOCTb. To have an opportunity BOJIHA /., pU BojiHH wave
^aXB B03m6h«HOCTB K0My-JIH60
c;^eJIaTb ht6-jih6o. To give some-
BOJIHEHHE neut. excitement, ner-
vousness
body an opportunity to do some-
thing.
Oh noSjieflHeJi ox BOJiHennH. He
turned pale with excitement.
2. usu. pi. possibilities. Bojitmiie
bo3m6h<hocth. Great possibilities. BOJIHlOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp.
BOSMOHCHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short K r 6? H X 0? / />. BBBOJlH|OBaxb,
form BosMoJKeH, BOBMOTKHia, -0, -h; -yio, -yemb, -ywx to worry
adv. BOBMOJKHO possible, probable 3xox Bonpoc MGHa onenb BOJinyex.
BoBMOJKHbiH cjiynaH. A possible This question worries me very much.
case. 3to snojiHe bobmojkho. That BOJlHlOBATbCH, -yiocb. -yerabcn,
is quite possible. -yioxcflimp. to worry, to be ner-
B03HHKAlTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not vous, to be excited
used, 3rd
pers. -ex, -k)t imp. /p. BojiHOBaxbca nepeA aKsaMenoM. To
B03HHKH|yTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not ^feel nervous before an examination.
used, 3rd pers. -ex, -yx, past bob- BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. eojioc, bojio-
HHK, -Jia, to appear
-Jio, -JTH caM, etc.; sing, bojioc hair
3x0 rocyAapcxBo bobhhkjio b xpexb- KpacHBbie BOJiocLi. Beautiful hair.
CM Bene. This state appeared in the BpJIfl /., no pi. will
third century. CwJibHaa bojih. A strong will. Bojia
BOaHflKHyXb see BOBHHKATb K noSefle. The will to win.
BOaPAH^AlTb, -emb, -lox imp.
-K), BOOBIU,E adv.
KOMy? Ha
Hx6?/j». BoapalBPixb, 1. in general. Boo6me bxo npaB;i;a.
-my, -Bumb, -bhx to reply, to object In general it is true.
BoBpaBHXb fliOKJiaA^HKy. To reply to 2. at all. Oh BOo6me ho roBoppix
the speaker. BoapaBHXb na BaMenaHHe. no-pyccKH. He does not speak
To reply to a remark. Ecjih bli ee Russian at all.
BoapajKaexe... // you don't mind... BOOPyHCEHHE neut.
B03PA3flTb see B03PA3KATb 1. no equipment. BoopyjKeHne
pi.
Bd3PACT m. age apMHH HOBHM opyjKneM. The
/],exH mKoJibHoro BOBpacxa. Children equipment of the army with new
of school age. B Boapacxe mecxH^e- weapons.
CflXH Jiex. At the age of sixty. 2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKpameHHO
BOflHA / , pi. BOHHM war BOopyjKeHHH. A reduction of ar-
O^'bfiBUTh BOHHy. To declare war. maments. FoHKa BOOpyJKeHHH.
norH6Hyxb na bohhc. To lose one's The arms race.
life in the war.
BOflTflsee BXOAflTb
BO-nEPBblX paren. word first(ly),
in the first place
B0K3AJI w. station
Bo-nepBwx, bxo xpyfljHo... In the
JleHHHrpaACKHH BOKaaji. Leningrad
first place, it's difficult...
Railway Station. Iloexaxb na bok-
BaJi. To go to the station. BonpOc m.
BOKP^r 1. question. IIpocxoH Bonpoc. A
1. adv. round. TiiraHHa uoKpyr. simple question. 3aflaxb Bonpoc.
There is silence all round. To ask a question.
prep. -^ gen.
2. round. BoKpyr 2. question, problem. BamHWH Bon-
flOMa 6hiji cafl. The house was poc. Alt important question. Ha-
surrounded by a garden. i^HOH^jibHUH Bonpoc. The national
BOJIEflBOJI m. volley-ball question.
Mrpaxb B BOJienSoJi. To play volley- BOP m., gen. pi. -6b thief
ball. ApecxoBaxb B6pa. To arrest a thief.
2*
 I

BOP 20 Bnp

BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BOpoT BOCTOK m. east

1. Bopoxa caAa. The gate
gate(s). 1. east. CoJiHue bocxoahx Ha bocx6-
of a garden. Ke. The sun rises in the east.
2. goal, riocjiaxb mhi b Bopoia 2. East. Bocxok. Near
Bjthjkhhh
npoTMBHHKa. To send the ball East. Bocxok.
^ajTbunii Far
into the opponent's goal. East.CpeAHHH Bocxok. Middle
BOPOTHflK m., gen. -a collar East.Bm 6biJiH Ha Bocxone?
MexoBOH BopoTHHK, A fur colUr. i/a?.'e you been in the East?

BOCKJIflKHiyXb see BOCKJIHUiATb BOCTOPr m. delight, enthusiasm

BOCKJIHU;AlTb, -emb, -iot imp.
-KD, Oh c BOCxoproM paccKaawBaji o cbo-
p. BOCKjiHKHlyTb, -y, -emb, -yx to ea noesAKe. He was telling about
exclaim, to cry out his trip enthusiastically.
PaaocxHO BOCKJiHKHyxb. To cry out BOCTOHHibiB, -aa, -oe, -bie east(ern)
joyfully. Bocxo^uhiH Bexep. An east wind.
BOCKPECfiHbE neut. Sunday BocxoiHoe uanpaBJieHHe. An easterly
B B0CKpeceHr,e mm esAiiJiH sa ropoA. direction.
We went to the country on Sunday. BOCXHTHTbCH see BOCXHU^ATbCH
BOCIIHTAHHE neut. upbringing, BOCXHmAlTbCH, -locb, -ombCH, -lox-
education Cn^mp. KeM? HCM?/
p. bocxh|-
BocnuTaHHe pe6eHKa. The upbring- xiixbCH, -mycb, -XHmbCfl, -Xflxcn to
ing of a child. Oh nojiyiHji xopo- admire
mee BocniiTaHne. He received a Becb MHp BOCxumaexcH noABHroM
good education. repoeB. The whole world admires the
BOCllHTATb see BOCnflTblBATb heroes' feat.
BOCnflTblBAlTb, -K), -euib, -k>x imp./ BOCXO/^ m. rising
p. BOcnuralTb, -lo, -emb, -lox to BocxoA c6JiHH,a. The sunrise.
bring up BOX particle
1. Koro? to bring up. Bocnuxaxb 1. here is. Box KHiira. Here is the
CbiHa. To
bring up one's son. book.
2. qxo? B KOM? to cultivate. 2. what (a). Box npacoxal What
Bocnuxaxb b jiernx jiioSoBb k beauty! Box axo xopomo! That's
npHpoAe. To cultivate love for good!
nature in children. BHEPBb'IE adv. for the first time
BOCnOJIb30BATbCH see nOJIbSO- H BnepBbie b MocKBe. It is the
BATbCfl first time I have been in Moscow.
BOCnOMHHAHHE neut. BIIEPE/^ adv. KyAa? forward
1. recollection. BocnoMnnauHe oex- Maxh BoepeA. To go forward.
cxBa. Recollection of one's child- BHEPEAfl
hood. 1. adv. TAe? in front. BnepeAH
2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs. 6bijTH ropbi. There were mountains
BocnoMHuaiinH o coBpeMeuHH- in front.
Kax. Reminiscences of one's con- 2. prep. -\- gen. at the head of, in
temporaries. front BnepeAH kojiohhh
of.
BOCCTAHABJlHBAjTb, -lo, -emb, -lox necJiH BHaMeaa. At the head of
imp. qxo?/ p. BOCCxa|HOBHTb, -hob- the column they carried banners.
JIK), -HOBUmb, -HOBHT tO TCStorC, tO BnEMATJlEHlfE neut. impression
rebuild CnJibHoe Bne^axjieHHe. strong A
BoccxanoBHXb paapymeHHun ropoA. impression. Mrpa apxHCxa npoHSBe-
To rebuild a town that had been jia SoJibmoe BneqaxjieHHe na spw-
destroyed. BoccxauoBuxb xoshhcxbo. Tejieii. The actor's performance made
•
To restore the economy. a great impression on the specta-
BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revolt tors.
IloAHflXb Boccxanne. To raise a BIIPOHEM conf. though, nevertheless
revolt. KapxHHa xoporaaa, Bnp6»teM bu
BOCCTAHOBflTb see BOCCTAHAB- caxfH ee yBHAHTe. The picture i9
JIHBATb good, though you'll see it yourself.
 BPA 21 BCT

BPAF m., gen. -a enemy BCEPAA adv. always

BopoTbCH c BparaMH. To fight the Oh BcerAa BecejiWH. He is always gay.
enemies. BCEMflPHlblfl, an, -oe, -we world
BP|ATb, -y, past Bpaji,
-enib, -yT, BceMkipHbin (j[)ecTHBa;ib. World festi-
BpaJia, BpajiH imp. KOMy? hcmj'^?/ val.
p. coBpiaib, -y, -eiuh, -yx, past BCE PABHO
coBpaji, coBpana, coBpajiH colloq. to 1. all the same. Mne Bce paBHo. It's
lie. PeGcHOK coBpaJi OTu.y. The child all same to me.
the
lied to his father. 2. just the same. Xoth o^enb xo-
BPAH m., gen. -a physician, doctor jiOAHO, fl Bce paBHo nofiAV TyAa.
BpaH-xepaneBT. A therapeutist. TKeii- Thoughit is very cold, I'll go
there just the same.
mHHa-Bpan. A lady doctor. Bbixb
BCE-TAKI] particle just the same
y Bpana. To be at the doctor's. M^th
K Bpa^y. To go to the doctor. Co- H Bce-TaKH now AY ^a Benep. I'll
go to the evening-party just the
BCTOBaTbCH c Bpa^oM. To consult a
doctor.
same.
BCKOFE adv. soon
BPE^H|blH, -afl, -oe, -Lie, short form
BcKope Ha^ajiCH AO^^Afc- Soon it
BpeaeH, BpeAHa, BpeAH|o, -w; adv. began to rain.
Bpeano harmful, bad BCJIEJI after, following
BpeAHUH HenoBeK. bad man. A 1, adv. Oh nocMOTpeJi BCJieA... His
BpeAHaa Teopna. A harmful theory. eyes followed...
BpeAHoe pacTeHiie. A noxious weed. 2. used as prep. -\- dat. or sa -{-instr.
BaM BpeAHO MHoro KypnTb. It's Oh nocMOTpeJi bcjica eMV. He
bad for you to smoke so much. Mop63 followed him with his eyes. Mti
BpeACH A«nfl K)>KHb]X pacTemiH. Frost
Homjiii BCjiGA 3a HHM. fol- We
is dangerous for southern plants.
lowed him.
BPEMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. Bpe- BCJiyX adv. aloud
mchh; pi. BpcMena, BpeMen, BpeMO- MHTaTb BCjiyx. To read aloud.
HaM, etc. time BCnAXATb see HAXATb
1. CKO-ibKO BpeMCHH? What time BCllOMMHAlTb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp.
is it? BpeMH HACT. Time flies. K o r 6? ^ T o? or o neu? / p. bchom-
BpeMH npomjio. The time has H|HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HT
passed. BpeMH He jkact. Time 1. to recollect, fl BcnoMHH^io
waits for no man. BpeMH noKa- CBoero Apyra. / recollect my
meT. Time will show. friend. BcnoMHHaTb o AexcTBe.
2. Be^epiiee BpeMH. Evening. ^o>ka- To recall one's childhood.
jiiiBoe BpeMH. Rainy period. 2. to remember, fl HHKaK ne Mory
Cxapbie BpcMena. Old times. BcnoMHHTb. / just Can't remem-
BpeMena roAa- Seasons. ber.
<^ BceMy CBOe epeMH. There is a BCnOMHHTb see BCnOMHHATb
time for everything. Bee BpeMH. All BCTAIBATb, -K), -emb, -K)t imp. f
the time. Ona Bce BpeMH CMeHJiacb. p. BCTa|Tb, -Hy, -Hemb, -nyx to get
She laughed all the time. Bo opeMH up, to rise
used as prep. ~{-gen. Bo BpeMH Boii- Ka?KAblH AGHb H BCTaiO B ceMb Ha-
HH MM ?KHjiH y 6a6yraKH. During coB yTpd, HO ceroAHfl h Bcxaji b
the war we lived at our granny's. BoceMb HacoB. Every day I get up
BCEi pron., see BECb, 2 at seven o'clock in the morning, but
BCE2 particle still, ever today I got up at eight o'clock.
A OH Bce MOJiHHT H MOJiqiiT. And Cojmae BCTaeT na BocioKe. The sun
he still keeps silent. H Bce name rises in the east.
BcnoMHHdio TBOH cjiOBa. / recollect ^ Bcxaxb c Jieeofi hofh. To
your words ever oftener. Oh Bce eme get out of bed on the wrong side.
6ojieeT. He is still ill. Tw Bce me BCTATb see BCTABATb
npHxoflti KO MHe. You come to see BCTPETHTb see BCTPE^ATb
L me just the same. BCTPfiTHTbCfl see BCTPEHAXbCfl
 .

BCT 22 Bbl

BCTPEHA /. meeting Tuesday. Kamjs,uu. BXopHHK. Every

Bcxpeia Apyaen. A meeting of Tuesday.
friends. GepACHHaH Bcxpena. cor- A B-TPETbllX paren. word third(ly)
dial meeting. Knara, BO-nepBwx, o^enb nnxepec-
BCTPEHA|Tb, -K), -eiuL, -iot imp. Haa, BO-BXOpUX, KpaCHBO o$6pM-
KOro? H T 0? /p. BCTpe|THTb, -Hy, jiena, h, B-xpexbHX, ona JierKo hh-
-THmb, -THT to meet xaexcH. First, the book is very in-
1. fl BCTpeTHJi ero cjiyn^MHO. / teresting, second, it is beautifully
met him by chance. designed, and, third, it reads well.
2. BCTpeTHTb XJieSOM-COJIbK). To BTPOEM adv. three (together)
extend hospitality to somebody. Mu oSeAaeM BxpoeM, We three dine^
<> BcTpeqaxb HoBbiu roji. To see together.
the New Year in. By3 m. (= Biicmee yn^Snoe saBCA^-
BCTPEHAITbCH, -rocb, -embca, -k)t- HHe) higher educational establish-
CH imp. c KCM? c ^eM?/ ment
p. BCXpelTHTbCH, -HyCb, -THmbCH, B MocKBe oKOJio 90 ByaoB. In Mos-
meet
-THTCfl to cow, there are some 90 higher edu-
BcTpeTHTbCH c ApysbflMii. To meet cational establishments.
friends. Mw BCTpexHJiHCb Ha yjiH- BXO^ m. entrance
Hfi. We met in the street. BxOR B Mexpo. An entrance to the
BCTpeXHTbCfl C TpyAHOCTHMH. To
fig. underground. Bxoa b napK. An
meet with difficulties. entrance to the park. FjiaBHUH
BCTynAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. bo BXOA- The main entrance.
mo? / p. BCTyoHTb, BCTynjifo, BCxy- BXOJ^iiTb, BXo>Ky, Bxonvtnih, bxoaht
nnmb, Bcxynax to join imp.K y na? / p. BOH|xii, -Ay, -Aerab,
Bcxynwxb b cnopxHBHoe oSmecxBO. -Ayx, past Bo|meji, -mjia, -mjio,
To enter a sports society. -mjiM
BCTynflTb see BCTynAxb 1. to enter. Bohx/i b KJiacc. To
BCXO^flTb, Bcxowy, BCxoAHmb, enter the classroom. Pasperanxe
BCXOAflX imp. I p. B30H|xii, -Ay, BoiixH? MayI come in?
-Aerab, -AyT, past B3o|meji, -mjia, 2. B cocxas AeJierauHH bxoahx
-mjio, -rajiiT nflxb HejiOBCK. The delegation
1. to ascend. Bcxoaiixb na Bepraa- consists of five members.
ny ropij. To climb to the top of <> BoiiTH BO BKvc. To get to like.
the mountain. BoflxH B MOAy. To become fashion-
2. to rise. G6-iHi;e bcxoahx. The able. BoHTH B AOBepue K KOMy-
sun rises. -jih5o. To win somebody's confi-
BClDj^y adv. everywhere dence.
BcK)Ay 6i>iJio xeMiio. It was dark B^EPA adv. yesterday
everywhere BHepa 6bijio xojioaho. It was cold
BCHKiHfl, -aw, -oe, -ne pron. yesterday.
1. any BHEPAniHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne yester-
2. all sorts of. B MarasHne ecxb day's
BCHKHe npoAyKXLi. There are all BqepamHflfl raaexa. Yesterday's
sorts of foodstuffs in the shop. paper.
3. u.'ied as n. anyone BT>E3HCA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.
•0- Ha BCflKHH Just incjiyqau. K y A a? / />•
B-bexaxb, B-bCAly, -emb,
case. Be3(o) bchkux xpyAOB. With- -yx to drive (into)
out any difficulty. BTbexaxb b ropoA- To drive into a
B TEHEHHE prep. -{-gen. during town. B-bexaxb na ropy. To drive
B xeHenne 3Hmh. During the win- uphill.
ter. PaSoxaxb b xeHeiine roAa. To B-bfiXATb see B'bESHCAXb
work during the year. Bbl pron., gen., ace, prepos. Bac,
BTOPHHK m. Tuesday dat. BaM, instr. saMH
Co6paHHe cocxohxch bo bxophhk. nporay Bac, ji^kme mho KHiiry.
The meeting will take place on Will you kindly give me the book?
 .

BBIB 23 BblH

BblBHPAlTb, -K), -eniB, -iot imp. BblE3HCA|Tb, -K),^ -emb, -rox imp.
K r 6? H T 0? / />. BtidpaTfc, Bbi6ep|y, Ip. Bbiexaxb, BbieAly, -emb, -yx to
-emb, -yx to choose, to select leave, to drive out
BbiSpaxb cnennajibHOCTb. To choose Mamnna Bbiexajia h3 rapajKa. The
a speciality. BbiSpaTb 6jik)A0. To car drove out of the garage. Bbiexaxb
choose a dish. Bbi6paTb jiyimnx H3 ropoAa. To leave town.
CnopXCMCHOB H3 HHCJia CTyflCHTOB. Bb'IEXATb BbIE35KATb see
To the
select best sportsmen among Bi;i3BATb Bbl3bIBATb see
the students. Bbl3A0PABJIHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -rox
BKlBOPbl no sing, elections
pi., imp. I p. BbiBAopoBcIxb, -K), -emb,
BbiSopbi B napjiaMeHT. Elections to -lox to recover
the Parliament. Bce66in,He, paBHbie MoH 6pax BbiBAopoBeJi. My brother
H npflMbie BbiSopw. Universal, equal has recovered. BbiBAOpaBJiHBaHxe!
and direct elections. Get well!
BWBPACbIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t Bi;i3A0P0BETb see BbI3A0PABJIH-
imp. Koro? h t o? Ky^a?/ BATb
p. BH5po|cHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cat to Bbl3bIBAlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
throw out KOTo> I p. BbT3Baxb, Bbi30B|y, -emb,
BbiSpocHTb eeHyHtHbie GyMarn. To -yx to call out
throw out the unnecessary papers. Bbi3Baxb cxyAeHxa k AOCKe. To
BfiBPATb BblBHPATb
see call out a student to the blackboard.
Bb'IBPOCHTb see BblBPACblBATb Bb'mrPATb see BblflPPblBATb
BblBECTH see BblBOAHTb BblflrPblBAITb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.
BlilBOJ^ m. conclusion Hxo? y koto} I p. Bbinrpalxb, -lo,
GAeJiaTb npaBHjibHUH blibo^. To -emb, -K)x
draw the right conclusion. 1. y Koro? lo win. Bbinrpaxb y
BblBO/^flTb, BHBOJKy, BblBOAHfflb, Apyra napxHK) b raaxMaxbi. To
BWBOAHT imp. Koro? H T 0? / v)in a game of chess from a
p. BblBClCTH, -ay, -flcmb. flyx, past friend.
BLIBCJI, -a, -0, -M 2. to win. Bbinrpaxb MamHHy. To
1 to take out. BbiBecxH Jloma;^eH win a motor-car
Ha nporyjiKy. To take the horses Bb'IHTH see BblXOJ^flTb
for a walk. BblKJIIOHAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
2. to remove. BbiBecxn ohxho na q X 0? I p. BbiKjiiOH|Hxb, -y, -nmb,
KOCXioMe. To remove a stain -ax to switch off
from a suit. BbiKJiiOHHXb CBex. To switch off the
<> Oh BMeeji mchh h3 ce6w. He light.
put me beside myself. Bb'IKJIK)4HTb seeBblKJIIOHATb
BttrJIHIflETb, ->Ky, -AHmb, -ahx BKlJTE^HTb see JIE^HTb
imp. to look BblJlHBAlTb, -emb, -lox imp.
-K),
Ona xoporao BbirjiHAHX. She looks Hxo?oxKyAa? Kyjia.? / p. bw-
well. jiHXb, BbiJib|io, -emb, -lox; imper.
BttPHATb see BblFOHIlTb Bbijieii to pour out
BbirOHUlTb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp. BbijiHXb BO Ay H3 cxaKaea. To pour
Koro? oxKy^a? / p. Bwrnaxb, water out of a glass. BbiJiHXb mojio-
Bi>iroH|io,-nmb, -hx to turn out k6 b Kacxpiojiio.. To pour milk into
H ero BhirnajiBOH. / turned him out. a saucepan.
BbIJ^AiBATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. Bb'IJlHTb see BblJIHBATb
q X o? K M y?//>. BHAaxb, BblAaM, Bb'IMblTb see MblTb
BbiAamb, BbiAacx, Bup^aj^mM, BbiAa- BttMblTbCH see Mb'ITbCfl
AHxe, BbiAaAyT BblHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
1. to give out. BbiAaxb KBHrn. To Hxo.> oxKy Aa? / />. BbiHlyxb, -y,
give books out. -emb, -yx to take out
2. to give away, to betray. Ero Bbinyxb njiaxoK h3 KapMana. To take
BbiAaJTH. He was betrayed. a handkerchief out cf one's pocket.
BblfliATb see BblAABATb BblHYTb see BblHHMATb

I
 .

Bbin 24 BblX

BttnnCATb see BbinnCHBATb building a hundred metres high.

BbinflCblBAlTb, -lo, -erab, -k)t imp. JI|epeBo BMCoxoii b jtecHxb MexpoB.
H T o? I p. Bb'inn|caTB, -my, -menib, A tree ten metres high.
-rayT Bb'ICTABlKA /., gen. pi. -ok exhibi-
1, HTO? oTKyAa? to copy out. tion
BbiniicaTb miTary H3 KHiirw. To BbicxaBKa flocxHweniiH HapoflHoro
copy out a quotation from a book. xosHHCXBa. The Exhibition of Eco-
2. to subscribe. BbiOHcaTb jKypuaJiH nomic Achievement.
H raaerw. To subscribe to maga- Bb'ICTPEJliHTb, -K), -limb, -hx p. to fire
zines and newspapers. BbinHcaxb BbicxpeJiHTb 113 niicxoJiexa. To fire
peueuT CojJbHOMy. To write a a pistol.
pre!>cription for a patient. BblCXynAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
Bb'inHTb see HHTb p. Bbicxylnnxb, -njiio, -nwmb, -nar
BbinOJIHKHHE neut. fulfilment 1. to speak. Bbicxynnxb na co6paHMH.
BMHOJiHeHHe njTaua. The fulfilment To speak at a meeting. Bbicxy-
of a plan. nnxb c peHbK). To make a speech.
Bb'inOJIHHTb see BbinOJlH)lTb 2. to appear. Bbicxynuxb b rjiaBHOH
BbinOJIH>I|Tb, -emb, -iot
-10, imp. poJiH. To appear in the principal
H T O? p. BLinOJlHlHTb, -lO,
/ -Hmb, role.
-HT to carry out, to fulfil Bb'ICTVnHTb see BblCTyHATb
BbmojiHHTb 6oJibmyK) paSoxy. To Bbl( XynJIEHHE neut.
carry out a great work. Bi.'inoJiHHXb 1. speech. Bbicxynjieiine flejieraxa.
MecHHHbiM njian. To fulfil a monthly The delegate's speech. Bbicxynji^-
plan. HUe MHHHCXpa UHOCXpaUHblX flCJI
BblUyCKAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. no xeJieBMAenHK). The foreign mi-
K o r 6? H T o? / /). BbinylcTHTb, -my, nister's appearance on television.
-CTHmb, -CTflT 2. performance. BbicxynJieuHe ap-
1. to let out. BbinycTiiTb nxiiuy 113 TiicxoB. The actors' performance.
KJieTKii. To let the bird out of Bb'ICIDIMfl, -aH, -ee, -ne
the cage. 1. higher, superior
2. to turn out. BbinycxHTb cnenna- 2. highest, supreme
jiiicxoB. To turn out specialists. ""0* Bbicmeeo(ipa30BaHiie. Higher
3. to turn out. Bbinycnaxb npo- education. Bucmiiii opraii BJiacTn.
flVKiuiK) BbicoKoro Kaqecxea. To The supreme organ of power.
turn out high-quality products. Bb'ITAIU,HTb see TAIUftTb, 2
Bb'inyCTHTb see BblliyCKATb BblTElETb see BblTHPATb
BblPAH^EHHE neut. expression BblTHPAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
1. MnxepecHoe BbipaweHne. An in- q X o? / p. Bbixepexb, Bbixply, -erab,
terestin g expression -yx, past Bbixep, -Jia, -Jio, -jih to wipe
2. Bbipa>KeHHe Jiuna. Expression. Bhixepexb pyKU h jihuo hojiox^h-
Bb'IPACTH see PACTfl ueM. To wipe one's hands and
BblCOKlHfl, -aH, -oe, -iie, short form face with a towel.
BbicoK, BbicoK|a, -6, -h; adv. bmco- Bb'iyHHTb see yqflTb, 1
k6; comp. Bbime Bb'IXOA m. exit
1. tall. BbicoKHH flOM. A tall house. Bbixofl H3 Mexpo. The exit from ths
BbicoKHH ^eJTOBeK. A tallman. underground station. Bb'ixoA H3
2. fig. high. BbKOKHH ypoBenb napna. The exit from a park.
H^HBHH. A high living standard. BblXOAflTb, BMxowy, Bbixo^Hinb,
BbicoKaH xeMuepaxypa. A high BbixoAHX imp. o X K y fla? / />. bbih-
temperature. BbicoKoe jijABZieumQ. XH, BbiHfliy, -erab, -yx, past bu-
High pressure. Bmcokhh roJioc. raeji, -o, -h to go out
Bbirajila,
A high voice. BbixoAifxb H3 KOMHaxM. To go out
BblCOTA /. height of the room. Bwhxh h3 KJiacca. To
BoJibmaa Bbicoxa. A great height. go out of the classroom.
IIphDKKn B Bucoxy. High jumping. < BbiuTH H3 TepneHHfl. To lost
3AaHHe cto MexpoB b Bucoxy. A patience. Bmuth cyxHM h3 BOflw.
BBIX 25 rjiA

To come off unscathed. Buuth H3 rpa(|)iiHecKOM ^aKyjibTeie. To study

ce6H. To lose one's temper. in the geography department.
BblXOAHIOfl, -afl, -6e, -we free rEOrPAa)Hfl /., no pi. geography
Bbixo;iH6u AGHb. A day off. H ce- (Pnsw^ecKaa reorpa(|)Hfl. Physical
roAHfl BbixoAHOH. / am free today. geography. 3K0H0MHHerKaa reorpa-
(|)Hfl. Economic geography.
TEOJIOr m. geologist
r, r BuTb reojioroM. To be a geologist.
rEPOflHECK|HH, an, -oe, -ne heroic
rA3 m. gas repoHHecKHH xpyA. Heroic labour.
BoAopoa —
JierKHH raa. Hydrogen TepoHHecKaH 6opb6a. //eroic struggle.
isa light ga^. Y Hac npoBejiii ra3. TEPOfl m.
They laid on gas in our house. 1. hero. Fepoii bohhm. A war hero.
r A3 ETA /. newspaper 2. hero. FjiaBBbm repdii poMana.
HuxaTb raaexy. To read a newspa- The hero of the novel.
per. CeroAHflfflHHH raseia. Today's 3. hero. Fepdn Tpy^a. Heroes of
newspaper. labour.
rAJICTYK m. (neck)tie FflBHiyXb, -emb, -yx, past rnS,
-y,
BaBH.iaTb raJicTyK. To tie one's tie. -jia, -Jio, imp.
-JTU ox Hero?/
riHOHepCKHH raJiCTyK. Young A p. nortiSHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx
Pioneer's scarf. Bo BpeMH BXOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHM
TACflTb, ramy, racnnib, racHT imp. norwdjiH MHJiJiMOHbi JiK);ieH. Mil-
H T o? / /?. noraciTTb, noraray, nora- lions of people died in the Second
CHmb, noracHT to switch off, to World War. J^^epenbfl rriSnyx ox
put out MopoBa. Trees perish with cold.
TacHTb CBeT. To switch off the FHMHACTHKA /., no pi. gymnastics
light. noracHTb Kociep. To put out
yxpetmaa rnMHacxHKa. Morning
a fire.
CnopxHBHaa rHMna-
p. t. exercises.
rACTI'OHOM tn. provision shop
cxHKa. Sports gymnastics. J^eJiaxb
KyuMTb npoAVKTbi b racTponoMe, FJTMHacxHKy. To do p. t. exercises.
To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop. 3aHMMaxbCH niMHacxHKOH. To prac-
TRE tise gymnastics.
1. adv. where. T^e Bbi paGoTaeie?
FJIABAi /., pl.TjiaBhi head
Where do you v^ork? Ffle bm >kh-
Fjiaea flejierarmn. The head of the
Beie? Where do you live?
delegation. FjiaBa npaonxejibcxBa.
2. asconj. where. X1,om, r^e h jkhbv,
The head of the government.
nocTpoen b 3T0M ro^y. The house
<> CxoflTb BO rjiaBG qer6-JiH5o.
in which I live was built this year.
To be at the head of something.
rflE-HHBy/tb adv. somewhere
fl Syay rAe-HH6yAi> sflecb. / shall
FJIABA^ /., pi. rjiaem chapter

be •'omewhere here. riepBan rjiasa. The first chapter.

TA^-TO ado. somewhere FJIABHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -bie principal,
Mbi c BaMH rae-To BCxpenaJiHCB. chief, main
We have met somewhere. FjiaBHLiH Bonpoc. The principal
rEHHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me of question. FjiaBHUH pe^anxop. Edi-
genius tor-in-Chief. FjiaBHbiH Bpa^. Head
nieKcnnp —
renwaJTbHbiH aHFJiim- physician.
CKHH ApaMaxypr. Shakespeare is a rJIAIAHTb, -my, -ffHmb, -flax imp./
great English dramatist. TeHHaJibHoe p. norjialAHXb, -JKy, -^nmb, -flax
npoH3BejieHHe. A work of genius. 1. Hxo? HGM? to iron, to press.
rEOrPAOnHECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne FjiaAHXb pySaraKy yxioroM. To
geographic(al) iron a shirt.
A geograph-
Feorpacj^rtHecKHH axjiac. 2. Koro? Hxo? no q e m y? to
ical atlas. BeJiMKHB
reorpa4)HHe- stroke. Fjia^nxL pe6eHKa no ro-
CKHB OTKpMTHH. The great geograph- jione. To stroke the child's head.
ical discoveries. y^HTbCH na reo- ^JIA;^K|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne smooth
 . .

rjiA 26 roji

FjiaflKan noBepxHocxb. A smooth 1. p. CKaaaxb, cKaHcy, CKaacemb,

surface. CKa?Kyx K M y? to speak, to tell,
rJIA3 m., & b rjiaay;
prepos. o rjiase to say. fl CKaaaJi oxny npaBAy. /
pi. rjiaaa, rjiaaeye told the truth to my father. H
BojibniHe rjiaaa. Big eyes. roBopHji oxny 06 axoM. / told
*> 3to cjiyHHJiocb II a Hamex rjia- Father about it. FoBoptixe rpoM-
3ax. // happened before our eyes. ^e. Speak louder. CKaJKHxe He-
IlycTHTb DbiJib B rjiaaa. To cut a CKOJibKO cjioB Mock Be. Say a
dash. ToBopHTb npaB^y b rjiasa. few words about Moscow.
To speak truth to one's face.
the 2. p. noroBopMXb or has no p. as-
FoBopHTb rjiaay na rjiaa. To
c pect c K e M? to speak, to talk
talk confidentially. Hath Kyfla rjia- (1) H roBopio c ApyroM o er6
3a rjiflflflT. To follow one's nose. cecxpe. / am speaking with
CAejiaxb 6ojibinHe rjiaaa. To make my friend about his sister.
big eyes. H noroBopHJi c oxhom na
rJiyBHHA depth /. 3xy xeMy. / had a talk with
Ha rjiy6HHe cxa MexpoB. At a depth Father on that subject.
of one hundred metres. DlaxTa rjiy- H roBopio no-pyccKH. / speak
(2)
6hh6h b TpMCTa MexpoB. A pit Russian. Oh He roBopHx no-
three hundred metres deep. ^anrJiMHCKH. He doesn't speak
<> B rjiySHHe ca^a. In the heart English.
of the garden. FO3 m., prepos. b roAy & roA©;
rJIYBOK Hfl, -an, -oe, -iie, short form pi. roAM & roAa
rjiySoK, rjiy6oK|a, -6, -n; adv. rjiy- 1. year. yqeSnuH roA. School
6ok6; comp. rjiydjKe year, academic year, fl poAHJiCfl
1. deep. TjiySoKafl pOKa. deep A B 1941 roAy. I was born in 1941.
river. 2. gen. pi. jiex year. Ckojibko BaM
2. fig. profound. rjiy66KHri yM. Jiex? How old are you? Mne 20
Profound intellect. FjiydoKoe nyB- Jiex. / am 20 years old. Mue 23
CTBO. Deep feeling, roAa. / am 23 years old. Ilpo-
rjiyniblfl, short form
-an, -oe, -ue, niJio 4 roAa (5 Jiex). 4 (5) years
rjiyn, rjiyiia, rjiyn|o, -w; adv. rjiy- passed.
no stupid, foolish <> C HoBbiM roAOAiI A Happy New
FjiynwH nejiOBeK. A stupid man. Year!
Fjiynafl Mbicjib. A
foolish idea. Oh FOJIOBA /., ace. roJiOBy; pi. roJiOBU,
nocTy.niiji rjiyno. He acted foolishly. rojiOB, roJiOBaM, etc. head
rJiyX|Ofl, -aH, -oe, -iie, short form y MGHH 60JIHX roJiOBa. / have a
rjiyx, rjiyxa, rjiyx|o, -n; adv. rjiyxo headache.
1. deaf. FjiyxoH nejioBeK. deaf A <> CseTjiafl rojiOBa. A bright head.
person nycxaa rojiOBa. An empty head.
2. fig.out-of-the-way. Fjiyxon noBecHTb rojiOBy. To hang one's
Kpaii, An out-of-the-way region. head. noxepflTb rojioBV. To lose
FJIHI^ETB, -my, -A"mb, -aht imp. one's head. Mne npnmjia b roJiOBy
Ha Koro? Ha ^to? bo ht 6?/ MbicJib. An idea occurred to me.
p. norjiHlAexb, -jKy, -Aiinib, -^ht Mne npHinjio b rojiOBy. It occurred
to look to me.
IIorjiHAM Ha Hero! Look at him! rOJIOJi; m., no pi. hunger
FjiflAeiL B OKHo. To look out of the IIoHyBCXBOBaxb roJioA- To feel hun-
window. gry. YMepexb c roJioAy. To die of
FHET m., no pi. yoke, oppression hunger.
HaxoAHTbCH HOA rnexoM sanoeBaxe- rOJl03H|blfl, -an, -oe,^ -tie, short
JieH. To be under the yoke of the form roJioAen, roJiOAHa, r6JiOAH|o,
conquerers -u
FOBOliflTb, -K), -HHib, -Hx imp. 1. hungry. Fojioahmm neJioBeK. A
H X 0? O K 6 M? O H e M? K M y? hungry person, fl roJiOAen. / am
C KCM? hungry.
roji 27 rop

2. only complete form starving. rOPE neut., no pi. misfortune

roJioflHafl CMepxL. Starvation. y Hero 6oJibm6e rope. great mis- A
rOJIOC m., pL -a fortune befell him.
1. voice, Hm3khh rojioc. A low rOP|ETB, -K), -limb, -hx imp.
voice. Bhcokhh roJioc. A high 1. p. croplexb, -10, -nrab, -hx to
voice. JlnniHTLCfl roJioca. To lose burn. FopHX cBe^a. candle A
one's voice. burns. FopHX ApoBa. Firewood
2. vote. ToJioc naSupaTejiH. The burns. Fopnx aom. The house is
vote of an elector. on fire.
2. no p. to burn. B KOMuaxe ropnx
rOJIOCIOBATb, -yio, -yemt, -yrox
CBex. There is a light in the room.
imp. 3a Koro? 3a hto? npo-
3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Fjiaea
THB Kord? npoTHB Hero?/
y Hero ropax ox paAOCXH. His
p. nporojioc|oBaTi>, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
eyes are shining with joy.
to vote
rOPJIO neut. throat
roJiocoBaxb 3a KaHAHJ^aTa b fleny-
TaThi. To vote for a candidate.
y MeHfl 60JIHX ropJio. / have a sore
throat.
FoJiocoBaxB npoxHB pesoJiroi^HH. To
vote against a resolution. rOPHIBlH, -an, -oe, -He
1. mountain. FopuHe BepmiiHti.
rOJiyB|Ofl, -an, -6e, -Lie light-blue
Mountain tops.
ToJiySoe He6o. A light-blue sky.
2. mining. Fopnan npoMbimjien-
ToJiy6ue rjiaaa. Blue eyes.
Hocxb. The mining industry.
rOJiyB|B m., gen. pi. -en dove, pigeon FopHbiH HHCXHxyx. A mining
JlexHX roJiySn. The doves are fly- institute.
ing.
rOPOJi; m., pi. -a city, town
rOJIILIfl, -an, -oe, -ue naked, bare KpyuHbiH npoMbimJioHHbiH ropoA-
FoJiaa cniina. A
naked back. FoJiBie A large industrial city. B ropoAe
;i;epeBbH. Bare trees. MHoro caAOB. There are many gar-
rOPA /., ace. ropy; pi. ropti, rop, dens in the city.
ropaw, etc. mountain, hill <> noexaxb 3a ropoA. To go to the
BbicoKaH ropa. A high mountain. country.
JKhxb b ropax. To live in the moun- rOPOACK|On, -an, -oe, -lie city, town
tains. Ha ropax JieJKHx cuer. There FopOACKOH xpaHcnopx. City trans-
is snow on the mountains. Typncxu port. FopoACKoH caA- city park. A
BsoniJiH na ropy. The tourists rOPbK|Hfl, -an, -oe,^ -ne, short form
climbed the mountain. ropeK, ropbKa, ropbKlo, -n; adv.
<0* He 3a ropaMH. Close at hand, ropbKO
not far away. 1. bitter. FopbKoe JioKapcxBo. A
rOPA3^0 adv. much, far bitter medicine.
Fopaaflo Jiynrae. Far better. Fopaa- 2. fig. bitter. FopbKan npaBAa.
AO Sucxpee. Much faster. Fopa.iflo The bitter truth. FopbKHe CJieau.
yMHee. Much cleverer. FopasAO mchb- Bitter tears. FopbKO nJiaKaxb.
me. Much smaller / less To weep bitterly.
^OPI/^flTbCH, -mych, -AHmtCH, -ahx- rOPJlHlHfl, -an, short form
-ee, -ne,
CH imp. KCM? »ieM? to be proud ropHH, -a, -6, ropnio
-k; adv.
FopAHXBCfl ycnexaMH. To be proud 1. hot. FopaHHH cyn. Hot soup.
of one's success. FopziHXbCH poAH- 2. fig. ardent. Fopanafl JiioGoBb.
HOH. To be proud of one's coun- Ardent love. Fopri^HH npHBex.
try. Warm greetings. FopHHo cno-
rOP^IBlB, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form pHXb. To have a heated argu-
ropA, ropAa, ropAO, rop ah; adv. ment.
ropAO proud 3. fig. hot. FopHHHH xapaKxep. A
FopAUH HeJioBeK. A proud person. hot temper.
FopAan ASBymKa. A proud girl. 4. fig.: Fopa^ee BpoMH. A busy
FopAMH BHA. A proud air. time.
roc 28 rPA

rOCnOJ^fln m., rocnoAa, rocno^,

pi. rOTOBjblfl, -aA, -08, -He, short form
rocnoAHM, gentleman; used in
etc. roTOB, -a, -o, -u K HCMy? Ha
addressing people Mr. rocnoflHH HTo? & -\-inf.
yoTcon! Mr. Watson! 1.ready. yqeHHK totob k skb^mc-
rOCTEnPHnMHIbin, -an, -oe, -bib Hy. The pupil is ready for his
hospitable examination.
rocTenpiiHMHbiH X03HHH. A hospi- 2. ready. Oh Bcer^a totob noMd^t
table host. FocTenpHPiMHafl cipana. TOBapnmy. He is always ready to
A hospitable country. help a friend. FoTOBbiH na nofl-
BHF. Ready to perform a feat.
rOCTflHHqA /. hotel
Mbl OCTaHOBHJIHCb B TOCTITHHae.
3. ready. 06eA totob. Dinner is
ready.
We put up at an hotel, HonaH ro-
<> roTOBoe njiaTbe. ready-made A
CTiiHiina. A new hotel.
dress.
rOCT|b m., gen. pi. -6h guest,
visitor
rPA^yC m.
JKeJiaHHMH rocTb. A welcome guest.
1. degree. TepMOMeTp noKasHBaex
HHTb rpaAycoB HH>Ke Hyjifi (bh-
MHocTpaHHbie focth. Foreign visitors.
me nyJiH). The thermometer
<^ Hmii B rocTH. To go on a
shows five degrees below zero
visit. EbiTb B rocTflx. To be on a
(flbove zero).
visit.
2. degree. Yroji b 45 rpaAycoB.
rOCyAAPCTREHHIMfl, -afl, -oe, -He An angle of 45 degrees.
state
FocyflapcTBeHHWH cxpon. A state
rPA5KAAHflH m., pi. rpmAane,
rpajKAan
system. rccyflapcTBeHHbie rpanui^bi.
1. citizen. FpaWAaHiiH GoBCTCKoro
State frontiers. FocyAapcTBeHHaa
ncjiHTHKa. A state policy. Moc-
CoK)3a. A
citizen of the Soviet
Union.
KOBCKHH rocyaapCTBeHHbiH yHHBep-
2. used in addressing people Sir.
CHieT. Moscow State Univer-
FpaJKAaHHH, CKa>KnTe, nojKaJiyn-
sity.
CTa, FAe HaxoAHTCH TeaTp? Sir,
rOCy ^,^VCTBO neut. state; country
will you kindly tell me where the
B 3T0M rocyAapcTBe jkhbct 15 mmji-
theatre is?
jiHOHOB HCJioeeK. The population
of this country is 15 million. rPA5KAAHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne civil,
rOTOlBHTb, -BJiK), -BHrab, -bht imp. civic
K o r 6? H T 0? rpaJKA^HCKHH ji,0Jir. One's civic
1. p. npHrOTOlBHTb, -BJIK), -BHUlb, duty.
-BHT to prepare. FoTOBHTb ^ FpaHCAaHCKaH soHHa. A civil
ypoK. To do a lesson. Fotobhtb war.
o6eA- To cook dinner. rPAMM m. gramme
2. p. nOAPOTOlBHTb, -BJIK), -BHIEb, CeMbcoT rpaMMOB c^xapa. Seven
-BHT to prepare. FoxosHTb cne- hundred grammes of sugar.
miaJiHCTOB. To train specialists. rPAMMATMKA /. grammar

FoTOBHTb ynenHKOB k OKaaMeny. FpaMMaTHKa pyccKoro ASHKa. A

To prepare pupils for an exami- Russian grammar.
nation. rPAMOTHIbin, -aA, -oe, -ne, short
rOTOlBHTbCH, -BJirocb, -BiinibCH, form rpaMOTen, rpaM0TH|a, -o, -h;
-BATCH imp. K HeMy? & inf. / + adv. rpaMOTHO literate
p. OpHFOTOlBHTbCH, -BJIWCb, -BHUIb- FpaMOTHHH HCJioBeK. literate A
CH, -BATCH lo prepare, to get ready person. IlHcaTb rpaMOTHO. To write
CTyACHT rOTOBHTCA K 9K3^MeHy. literately.
The student is preparing for an rPAHflIi;A /. frontier; boundary
examination. CnopTCMGH npnroTO- FocyAapcTBeHHaA rpaHHi?a. A state
BHJICA npbjrHyTb b BOAy. The frontier.
sportsman got ready to jump into <> HCaxb 3a rpaHBHeii. To live
the water. abroad. Yexaxb 3a rpannqy
 rPE 29 rPH

To go abroad, npnexaxb B3-3a rpa- 1. coarse. Fpy6afl mepcxb. Coarse

HBUbi. To come from abroad. wool.
rPElMtelb, -MjiK), -Miimb, -MHT imp. to 2. rude. FpySwfi qojiOBeK. rude A
thunder person. FpySoe oxHomeHHe. A
FpeMHT rpoM. It thunders. rude attitude. FpyCo oxBexHXb.
rPElTb, -K), -erab, -k)t imp. qxo? / To reply rudely. Oh o^eHb rpy6
p. corpelxb, -K), -emb, -k)t c TOBapHmaMii. He is very rude
1. to give out warmth. Ocenbio to his friends.
cojiHne CBeTHT, ho mejio rpeex. 3. gross. FpySaa omiiSKa. A gross
In autumn the sun is bright but mistake.
not very warm. FPy/^b /., prepos. na rpyAH chest;
2. to be warm. ITajibTo xopomo breast
rpeex. The overcoat is very •C>KopMHTb peSeiiKa rpyAbio. To
warm. nurse (suckle) a child.
3. to warm. Tpexb pyKH na^ or-
HCM. To warm one's hands over
FPySOBHK m., gen. -a lorry
K AOMy noA^exaJi rpysoBMK. A lor-
the fire.
ry drove up to the house.
4. p. iiarpelTb, -lo, to -emb, -iot
warm. Harpeib bo Ay Ao 40 rpa- FpynnA /. group
AycoB. To warm the water to B nameH xypiicxcKOH rpynne ceMb
40 degrees. HeJiOBeK. There are seven people in
rPHB m., gen. -a mushroom our tourist group. Fpynna Aeey-
Ha6paTb mboto rpaGoB. To gather meK. A group of girls.
a lot of mushrooms. BeJibiH rpnG. FPyiCTHTb, -my, -cxiimb, -cxhx imp.-
An edible boletus. o K 6 M? o H e M? no k o m y?
rPHim m, influenza no H e M y? to miss, to be sad
Bojiexb rpHonoM. To
be ill with FpycxHXb o xoeapnme. To miss a
the y
Hero xaJKejiaa $6pMa
'flu. friend. Fpycxiixb o ceMbe. To miss
rpHHoa. He has a bad attack of one's family.
the 'flu. OcjiojKHeHHH nocjie rpHH- FPyCTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form
na. Complications after the 'flu. rpycxen, rpycxna, rpycxH|o, -w;
rP03A /., pi. rpoBM thunderstorm adv. rpycxHO sad
HaqaJiacb thunderstorm
rpoaa. A FpycxHwii qeJiOhCK. A melancholy
broke out.^acxo SuBaiox
JlexoM man. FpycxHoe jihho. A sad face.
rp63bi. Thunderstorms often occur FpycxHan necHH. A sad song. Mne
in summer. rpycxHO. / feel sad.
rPOM m. FP^^rilA /.
1. thunder. 3arpeMeJi rpoM. It
1. pear. Kynwxb HecKOJibKO rpym.
started thundering.
To buy some pears.
2. fig. storm. TpoM anjioAiicMen-
2. pear-tree. B HameM caAy pacxyx
xoB. A storm of applause.
rpymii. There are pear-trees in
^POMAJ^H|bln, -an, -oe, -we, short
our orchard.
form rpoMaAen, rpoMaAHla, -o, -w
huge, enormous rP)l3H|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form
PpoMaAHbiH AOM. A huge house. Fpo- rpH3eH, rpHBHa, rpH3H|o, -w; adv.
MaAHUH ycnex. An enormous suc- rpfl3H0
cess. 1. muddy. FpHsnaa yjinna. A mud-
rPOMKlHfl, -aH, -oe. -ne, short form dy street.

rpOMOK, rpoMKa, rpoMKlo, -h; adv. 2. lit. & fig. dirty. FpH3HaH py-
rpOMKo; comp. rpoMHe loud 6araKa. A dirty shirt. FpasHafl
FpoMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound. pa66xa. Dirty work. Fpa3HWH
FpoMKHH rojioc. A loud voice. FpoM- nocxynoK. A dirty deed. Oh na-
KHH CMex. A loud laughter. Pasro- nncaji rpriano. He wrote care-
BapHBaxb rpOMKO. To speak loudly. lessly.
XP^''B|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form FPHSb /., prepos. b rpH3H & 6 rpn-
rpy6, rpy6a, rpy6|o, -w; adv. rpy6o 3H, no pi.

I
rvB 30 ABH

1. mud. Ha yjinixe rpH3B. It's 2. fig. pressure. OKaaaxb AaBJieHne

muddy in the street. Ha HCJioBeKa. To exert pressure
2. dirt. rpH3b Ha BopoTHHKe. Dirt on a person.
on a collar. AABHO adv.
ryBA /., pi. ry6hi, ry6, rySaM, etc. 1. long ago. 3x0 6hjio AaBHO. It
was a long time ago.
KpacHTb ry6fci. To make up one's 2. for a long time, fl AaBHo ne bh-
lips. ACJi CBoero APyra. / haven't seen
ryJl^lTh, -K), -erab, -lOT imp. /p. no- my friend for a long time.
ryjifllTb, -K), -enib, -k)t to walk J^A.5KE particle even
FyjiflTb c peSeHKOM. To go for a Oh Aa>Ke He saxoxeJi o6eAaxb. He
walk with a child. FyjiflTb b Jiecy. would not even have dinner.
To walk in the forest. ;^AJIEE adv. further
ryCT|On, -aa, -6e, -ue, short form II xaK AaJiee (h x. a). And so on
rycT, rycia, rycxjo, -h; adv. rycio; (etc.).
comp. ryme ^AJIEKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form
1. thick, dense. FycTwe bojiocbi. AaJieK, AaJieK|a, -6, -h; adv. AaJieK6;
Thick hair. FyCTOil Jiec. thick A comp. AaJibme distant
forest. J]|epeBbH pacxyx rycxo. Jl^aJieKaa cxpana. A distant country.
The trees grow thick. Exaxif AaJieKO. To go far. Buxb
2. thick. FycxoH Me^. Thick hon- AaJieKO ox AOMa. To be far from
ey. Fycxaa CMexana. Thick sour home.
cream. J^AJIbHlHfl, -fin, -ee, -ne
3. dense. Fycxoii xyMan. A dense 1. distant, remote. /l,ajibHHe pan-
f^S' FycxoH AWM. Thick OHLi. B emote regions.
smoke. 2. long. ^ajibHee nyxemecxBHe. A
ryC|b m., gen. pi. -en goose long journey.
HiapeHHH rycb. A roast goose. 3. distant. J\ajihBRe poACXBeHHHKH.
Snecb MHoro rycefl. There are many Distant relatives.
geese here. J^AJIbmE adv. further, on
Hnxaiixe, nojKajiyiicxa, AaJibme,
Will you read on, please? IIoHAeM
A, fl
AaJibme. Let's go on.
J^APflTb, Aapro, Aapnmb, Aapax imp.
J^A particle K o r 6? H X o? K o M y? »j e m
y?/
1. yes. 3x0 xbi? J^tx,—axo a. "/s p. noAapiixb, noAapK), noAapnmb,
that you?" "Fes, it's me." noAapax to give (a present)
2. translatedby the Im.peratiue. HoAapiixb xoBapnmy KHiiry. To
3ApaBcxByex Mnp na seMjie!
]J,a give a friend a book (as a present).
Long live peace on Earth/ J^ATA /. date
J^A|BATb, -K), -enib, -lox imp. Koro? BnaivieHaxejibHaa AaTa. A memorable
H T o? K M y? ^ e M y? / /?. Aaxb, date.
AaM, Aanib, ^acx, ahahm, A^Awxe, JlATh see flABATb
AaAyT, past Aaji, -a, -o, -h to give ;^BEP|b /., gen. pi. -m door
^axb KHwry xoBapnmy. To give a GxeKJiflHHaa ABepb. A
glass door.
book to a friend. OxKpuxb ABepb. To open the door.
<> Jl&Tb corjiacHe Ha ^to-jihSo. BaKpbixb ABepb. To close the door.
To give one's consent to something. BoHXH B ABepb. To come (go)
J^aXb B03MOH<HOCTb KOMy-JIH6o through a doorway.
CAejiaxb qTO-JiHSo. To enable some- ;^Bfl^A|TbCH, -locb, -erabca, -iotch
body to do something. or ABHHtembca, ABDJKyxca imp./
AABJIEHHE neut. p. ABiiHlyxbca, -ycb, -embca, -yxcfl
1. pressure, AxMOc$epHoe a^bji^- to move
HHe. Atmospheric pressure. Y ndesA ABUHtexca co cKopocxbio 50
Herd BucoKoe AaBJienne KpoBH. KHJiOMexpoB B qac. The train is
He has a high blood pressure. moving at a speed of 50 kilometres
ffBH 31 AEJI

an hour. J^BnTaThcB Bnepe/i;. To 2. action. 3xh flencxBHH npHBCJiH

move ahead. He ABHranxecbJ Don't K xoMy, Hxo... These actions led
move! to...
J^BrnK^miE neut. 3. action. ^encxBne npoHCxoAHX b
1. movemeDt. J]^BmKeHHe njianeT ropoAe H. b XIX Bene. The
BOKpyr CoJiHEta. The movement action takes place in the town of
of planets round the Sun. N. in the 19th century.
2. traffic. JXEummne Tpancnopxa. 4. act. B Dbece 4 AeucxBaa. There
Traffic. PacnHcanne ziBHjKeHHH are 4 acts in the play.
noe3;i;6B. Arailway time-table. AEflCTBHTEJIbHO
3. movement. Hai\HOHajibHO-ocBo- 1. adv. really. Oh AeHcxBHxejibno
SoflHTejiBHoe ABHJKeHHe. The na- 3X0 BHaex. He really knows that.
tional liberation movement. Pa66- 2. par en. word indeed, ^a, ach-
nee jiBiimeniie. The working-class cxBnxeJibHo, axo HyjKHo. Yes,
movement. ^BHHteHHe cxopoHHii- that's necessary indeed.
KOB MHpa. The peace movement. AEflCTBflTEJIBHOCTb /., no pi.
ABflHyXbCH see ABflFATbCH reality
^BOE num. two OGXjeKXHBHafl AeHCXBMXeJIbHOCXb.
^Boe Mymnuu. Two men. JJ^Jide cy- Objective reality. jI,eHCXBHxejibHOCXb
TOK. Two days. Hamiix AHCH. The reality of our
J^BOP m., gen. -a time.
1. courtyard. MamMHa BT,exaJia bo <> B AeHCTBHTeJibHOCTH. In reality.
fl;B6p. The motor-car drove into ^.EflCTBlOBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox
the yard. imp.
2. outside. Ha ABope xojioaho. // 1. to act. Tenepb naAO aghcxbo-
is cold outside. Baxb. Now we must act.
/^BOP|E^ m., gen. -i^a palace 2. to affect. 3xo na mchh ne ach-
KopoJieBCKHH ABopei;. King's cxByex, It doesn't affect me.
palace. J^EKABI |b m., gen. -h December
<> J^Bopea KyjibTypw. A
palace of B AGKaSpe HaHnnaexcH 3HMa. Win-
culture. J^BOpe^ cnopxa. sportsA ter begins December. CeroAHH
in
palace. xpexbe AGKaSpn. Today is the third
J^£BOHIKA /., gen. pi. -ck (little) of December. Oh npncAex BocbMoro
girl ACKaSpa. He will arrive on the
MajieHbKan AGBOHKa. A small girl. eighth of December.
aEBYiniKA /., gen. pi. -ck girl JIEKAH m. dean
KpacMBan AesyiUKa. A beautiful JI,eKaH ^HJioJioFMHecKoro $aKyjib-
girl. xexa yHHBepcHxexa. The Dean of
JlflJ5,ym\KA m., gen. pi. -ck grand- the Philological Department of the
father University.
MoH ABAyniKa JKHBex b AcpeBne. /^EKJIAPA^HH /. declaration
My grandfather lives in the country. /^eKJiapaHHH cxopohhhkob Mirpa.
Jl,E7KSVH\blVL, -afl, -oe, -we A declaration of the peace-support-
1. duty. fle>KypHHB[ Bpan. Duty ers.
doctor. J^emypuafi anxeKa. Duty ^EJIAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp. h x o? /
chemist's. ^eHtypntiH Marasiin. p. CAeJia|xb, -K), -emb, -lox
A duty shop. 1. to do, Hxo BH AGJiaexe ceroAHH
2. n. a person on duty. Kxo ce- BenepoM? What are you doing
roAHH AeJKypHMH? Who
on is this evening? Mne H6Hero Ae-
duty today? JJ^eTKyi^uuu no o6- jiaxb. I've nothing to do. H hh-
mieJKHXHK). The man on duty at ^ero ho Ae-'iaiO- ^ ^"^ doing
the hostel. nothing.
flEflCTBHE neut. 2. K r 6? H X o? K e M? k a k h m?
1. action. fl,eHcxBHe khcjioxm na to make. ^eJiaxb Aexajin. To make
XKaHb. The action of an acid on parts. 3x0 CASJiaJio ero cnacx-
material. JIHBHM. That made him happy.
 .

AE.11 32 AEP

3. to do. Marawna fleJiaex 80 km poH noJioBHHe AHH. In the after-

B qac. The motor-car does 80 km noon. B xBMeHHe
AHH. During the
an hour. day.^ Hepea 2 ahh. In 2 days. 2 ahh
<0* J^ejiaxb flOKJiajt. To make a re- HaaaA. 2 days ago. Ha CJieAyiomnH
port. J^ejiaxb oiuhGkh. To make AeHb. Next day.
mistakes. J^ejiaxb na Myxn cjiona. ^ Bbixojiiiou ACHb. A day off.
Cf. To make a mountain out of a 4eHb iiesaBHCHMOcTii. Independence
molehill. Day. J\QH\i poHCAeniiH. Birthday.
J^EJIEFAT m. delegate Oh npneAex na auhx. He will come
^eJierax KOH(J)epeHi;HH. A delegate one of these days. XoAHXb KVAa-
to a conference. -jih6o qepea Aenb. To go somewhere
J^EJIE^A^HH /. delegation ^ every other day.
npaBi'iTejibCTBeHHafl /^ejierauHH, A ^EHbFH pL, no sing., gen. A^ner
government delegation. CnopTiTBuafl money
fleJierauHfl. A sports delegation. JloJiy^axb AeHbrH. To receive mon-
^EJIflTb, AGJiK), AeJiiimb, jxeJim imp. ey.
Koro? HT 0? / p. paalAeJiHTb, JliEnyTAT m. deputy
-jifiJiK), -fleJiHinb, -AeJiHT to divide ^enyxax napjiaMenxa. A member of
PasflejiiiTb crpaHHuy na ^,Be nacxH. parliament. Hajiara AenyxaxoB. Tlie
To divide a page into two parts. Chaifiber of Deputies.
Paa^eJifixb 10 na 2. To divide 10 J^EPEBHfl /., gen. pi. AepeBGHb
by 2. 1. village.^epeBHH cxo/ijia na 6e-
J^fiJIO neut., pi. flejia, ^eji, ^eJiaM, pery peKti. The village was on
etc, business the bank of the river.
y Mena k BaM I've got busi-
fleJio. 2.country(side). H^iixb b AepeBne.
ness to discuss with you. To live in the country.
<0' BaHCHoe AeJio. An important J^EPEBO neut., pi. AepeebH. A^peBbeB
business. KaK jie.ia? How are you 1. tree. BticoKoe A^peBO. A tall

getting along? On noineji no Ae- tree.

jiaM. He went out on business. 3xo 2. only sing. wood. HmHK H3 a©-
He Kaiue ^ejio. It's not your busi- peea. A wooden box.
ness. B qcM AGJio? What's the mat- AEPEBHUHlbin, -aH, oe, -ue
ter? C^ejiaxb qx6-HH6ynb Men^^y wooden
AejioM. To do something at odd J]^epeBHHHHH AOM. A wooden house.
moments. J^EP>KATb, Aepwy, Aep>KHfflb, Aep-
^EMOKPATflqECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne >Kax imp. Koro? q x o? to hold
democratic To hold a bag.
/IjepjKaxb nopT(|)eJib.
^ewoKpaxriqecKHH cxpoii. A
demo- Jl^epwaxb pe6eHKa na pyKax. To
cratic system. /^eMOKpaxH^ecKaH hold a child in one's arms. J^ep-
pecnySjiHKa. A democratic repub- >Kaxb pe5eHKa aa pyKy. To hold
lic. a child by the hand.
J^EMOKPATHH /.democracy <0> J^epjKaxb ce6n b pynax. To
IlojiHaH AeMOKpaxHH. Complete de- control oneself
mocracy. p. cAep>Kaxb, CAep>Ky, CAepjKHmb,
;^EMOHCTPA^Ha /.
CAep?Kax. CAepwaxb cjiobo. To keep
1. demonstration. JI^eMoecxpanHH one's word.
cocxoiixcfl na oJioniaAH. The dem- J[^EP5KATbCfl, Aepwycb, Aep>KHrabCH,
onstration will take place in Aep>KaxcH imp. a a h x 6?
the square. 1. to hold on. JljepjKaxbCH a^ py-
2. showing, presentation, ^gmoh- Ky. To clutch at somebody's
cxpauHH HOBoro ^'AJihMR. The hand. /^epmaxbCH aa nepnjia. To
showing of a new film. hold on to the handrail.
J^EHb m., gen. ahh day 2. to behave. /l|ep>KaxbCH xpa6po.
B nanajie ahh. In the morning. B To behave in a courageous man-
cepeAwne ^hh. At midday. Bo bxo- ner.
JXET 33 AO

J^ETAJIb /. part a plant. J3;HpeKxop okojih. The

/^exajib MamHHH. A part of a ma- director of a school, head-master.
chine. J\l[?limEP m. conductor (of an or-
^ETH pi., gen. flexeH, dat. abthm, chestra)
instr. ji^eThUH, prepos. o asthx; OTCIl.HnJIflHA /., no pi. discipline
sing. pe6eH0K children Co6JiK)Aaxb AHcn.HnJiHHy. To observe
KHHrH AJi« flexen. Books for chil- discipline. J]|Hcn;HnjiHHa na ypoKe.
dren, y Hero ABoe Aexen. i/e has The discipline at the lesson.
two children. Omti h flexH. Fathers 3JIHHA /., no pi. length
and sons. Mepa AJiHHBi. A measure of length.
;I^£TCK|HB[, -aa, -oe, -ne child's, HSMepHXb A-ntHHy KOMHaXH. To
children's measure the length of a room. Vjih-
^excKoe JiHii;6. A child's face. Ha AJiHHOK) B 3 KHJiOMexpa. A street
^excKHH xeaxp, A children's the- 3 kilometres long. IIpbiJKKii b aJIH-
atre. ny. Long jumping.
«0 J^eTCKHit caa. A
kindergarten. J^JlflHHjblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form
JtETCTBO neut., no pi. childhood AJiHHeH, A-JiHHHa, A-'iHHHO, jimmnhi
B Aexcxse oh >khji b ^epeBHe. He 1. long. ^JiMiHHoe naJibxo. long A
lived in the country in his child- overcoat.
hood. 2. long. JlJinuRum nyxb. A long
^EHIEBIHfl, -aH, -oe, -Lie, short form way.
AemeB, Aemesa, A6nieB|o, -li; adv. 3. only short form AJTiTHeH, ji,JiiiBii\a,
^emeBo; comp. ^emeBJie cheap -6, -bi too long. Ilajibxo aJihhho.
^emeBHe BeniiH. Cheap things. Ky- The overcoat is too long.
ni'ixb oBoniiH AenieBO, To buy vege- JlJlfl prep. -\- gen.
tables cheap. 1. for. y^e6HHKH A-JiH cxyAenxoB.
aEHTEJIbHOCTb /. activity Textbooks for students. Kyniixb
OCmecxBeHHaa fleaxeJibHocxB. So- HrpymKH jx,:iii A^xefi. To buy
cial activity. toys for children.
AHAMETP m. diameter 2. to. ^JiH Hero axo xHHteJibm yAap.
/]|HaMexp Kpyra. The diameter of It's a heavy blow to him.
a circle. J^HEBHHK m., gen. -a diary
3HBAH m. divan BecxH AHCBHHK. To keep a diary,
GnflexB Ha AHBane. To sit on a di- ^HEBHIOH, -an, -oe, -we
van. MarKHH AHBaH. soft divan. A 1. daytime. J^HCBHtie saHHXHH. Day-
JleHb Ha AHBaH. To lie down on a time lessons.
divan. •
2. day, ^hcbhoh cbcx. Daylight.
^flKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne ^HEM adv. in the daytime
1. wild. Jl^UKTlQ JKHBOXHHe. Wild ^hcm HtapKO. It's hot in the day-
animals. JXiiKiiQ pacxeHHH. Wild time.
plants. J^HO neut., no pi. bottom
2. fig. wild. JJ^HKHH KpnK. A wild pcKH. The bottom of a river.
JJ^RO
cry. MopcKoe AHO. Sea bottom. Hatii ko
3iHKTAT5^PA /. dictatorship Any. To sink to the bottom.
jyHUMM m. diploma JIO prep. -{-gen.
HoJiy^HTb AHHJIOM HHHteHGpa. To 1. to. Ox MocKBbi AO KneBa. From
receive an engineer's diploma. Moscow to Kiev. Jl^oexaxb ao
JpinJIOMATfl^ECKlHfl, -an, oe, -ne nenxpa. To go to the centre, ^oh-
diplomatic XH AO ABepH. To reach the door.
ycxaHOBHXb AHHJioMaxiiHecKHe oxho- 2. till. Ox 2 AO 5. From 2 till 5.
raeHHH. To establish diplomatic re- C yxpa AO Be^epa. From morn-
lations. ^HHJiOMaxpiiecKHe oxHorae- ing till evening.
HHfl ueTKjiy cxpanaMH. Diplomatic 3. to. Bopb6a AO noGeAM. A fight
relations between countries. to the victorious end. ^OHHxaTB
JUHPEKTOP m., pi. -a director KHHry AO KOHua. To read the
/^HpeKXop BaBOAa. The director of hook to the end.

3—4002
aoB 34 Aor

<> HCnsHb flo BOUHfaJ. Life before complete an undertaking. J^oeecTH

the war. Kor6-JiM6o AO c.iea. To make one cry.
J^OBABHTb see ^OBABJlHXb ^OBOJIbHO
^^OBABJlHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. 1. adv. rather. Yme AOBOJibno ndaA-
qxo? Hero?//?. Ao6a|BHTb, -bjik), Ho. It's rather late already.
-BHinb, -BHT 2. predic. impers. (it is) enough.
1. to add. ^oGaBHTb cojih b cyn. Yme nosAHo: AOBoJibHo BaM 3a-
To add salt to the soup. HHMaxbCH. It's already late:
2, to add. ^l|o6aBHTb iiecKOJibKo you've studied long enough.
To add a few words.
cjiob. ^OBOJIbHIblH, -an, -oe, -bie, short

Jl,OBHBA|TbCH, -locb, -eiubCH, -iotch, form AOBOJien, AOBoJibHla, -o, -u

imp. »i e r 6? / /?. AoSiixbCH, j\o6h\ibch, KeM? q CM? contented, pleased
-embcH, -i6tch to strive ^OBOJibHbiii BiiA. A
contented look.
^oSiiBaTbcn ycnexa. To strive for H jxoBOJiou TBoeii pa66TOH. / am
success. pleased with your work.

J^OBHTbCH see ^OBHBATbCH T^OrA^ATbCH see ^OPA ablBATbCH

^OBP|blH, -an, -oe, -we, short form SOPA/jblBAlTbCH. -locb, -embCH,
-K)TCH imp. o HCM?//?. AoraAaJTb-
Ao6p, Ao6pa, fl66po, Ao6pLi kind
^65pbin HeJioBeK. A kind person. CH,^-iocb, -embCH, -iotch to guess

<> /^oGpbiii J^eIIb! Good afternoon! Oh AoraAaJicH, o hcm omi roBo-

466poe yxpo! Good morning! Jliomi pi'iJiH, xoTfi OHii roBopiiJiii Tiixo.
AoSpoii BOJiii. People of good will. He guessed what they were talking
By^bxe Be so kind. about, though they were talking in
jtoSpw. C;;e-
jiaTb mt6-jih6oji,66ponno bojig. low voices.
To do something out of good will. ,HOrHATb see ^OFOHflTb
^OBblBAlTb, -K), -enib, -iot imp. J^OrOBAPHBAlTbCfl, -K)Cb, -embCH,
mo?/p. AoSbiTb, ;;o6y;i|y, -eiub, -IOTCH imp. H e M? c KeM? /
p. AOrOBOpllITbCH, -lOCb, -limbCH,
-yT to extract
4o6LiBaTb yroJib. To mine coal. -HTCH to agree, to fix
J],oroBopiiTbCH BCTpene c Tosapn-
^OBb'ITb see AOBblBATb meM. To fix a meeting with a
^OBEPHE neut., no pi. confidence, trust
friend. GTpaHbi AoroBopiiJiiicb o
OnpaB;i;aTb ^OBepne, To justify
na
KyjibTypiioM o6MeHO c.ieAyio-
somebody's confidence. 3acJiyjKHTb
miiii roA. The countries agreed about
aoBepiie. To prove to be worthy of
the next year's cultural exchange.
one's trust.
J^OrOBOP m. treaty, agreement
^OBEPHTb see /^OBEPHXb ^oroBop Apy>K6e ii BsaiiMHOH no-
^OBEPHlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. h to? Momii. A treaty of friendship and
K M y? / p. AOBeplHTb, -K), -HHlb, -HT mutual aid. MnpHbiii AoroBop. A
1. no p. to trust. ^oBcpaxb /i;py-
peace treaty. ToproBuii AoroBop.
ry. To trust a friend.
A trade agreement. 3aKJiK)HiiTb
2. to entrust. ^oBepHTb apyry MiipHbiH AoroBop. To a conclude
TaHHy. To
take a friend into
peace treaty. IloAnHcaTb AoroBop
one's confidence.
o MPipe. To sign a peace treaty.
aOBECTfl see J^OBOAflTb
J^OBOJ^flTb, AOBOJKy, AOBOAHuib, ^o- AOFOBOPflTbCH see ^OFOBAPH-
BO^HT imp. K o r 6? q t o? o /j;
BATbCH
Hero? fp. AOBecTiT, jxoBejxIy, -emb, J^OrOHUlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-
-yT, past AOBeji, AOBeJija, -6, -h to to? HTO? /p. AornaTb, AoroHK),
lead to (as far as), up to AoroHHmb, aofohht, past AoruaJi,
^OBecTH KOT6-Bu6yji.h AO KaKoro- -rnajia, -h to overtake^
-raaJilo,
HH6yAi> MecTa. To lead somebody J^oroHHTb y6eraK)mero neJiOBeKa.
as far as some place. J^obocth To overtake a fugitive. fig. Oh \\

MajibHHKa flo cTaHn;HH. To take the AOJiro 6oJieJi, ho oh AoroHHT cboio

boy to the station. rpynny. He was ill for a long time
<0» AoBecTH AeJio a© KOHua. To but he will catch up with the group.
AOE 35 Aoivjr

^0E3H{A|TL, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ;; o AOKyMeHxm. To get the docu-

Hero? J p. AoexaTb, AoeAly, -emb, ments.
-5^T to reach 2. document. 3xo oneHb BaJKHHH
^oexaxb 30 MocKBU. To reach Mos- AOKyMOHx. a very impor-
It is
cow. AoexaJi ot Mockbm ao Jle-
H tant document. HcxopHHCCKHH ao-
HHHrpaAa sa 8 nacoB. It took me KyMenx. An historical document.
8 hours to get to Leningrad from JlOJir m.
Moscow. 06hhho oh AoeawaJi ao 1. no pi. duty. 3xo moh aojif. It's
n,eHTpa Ha aBToCyce, a hotom meji my duty. BbinoJiHHXb cboh aojif.
nemKOM. He usually went to the To do one's duty.
centre by bus, and then walked. 2. pi. debt. BsHXb A^HbrH
jioJiTH
AOEXATb see A0E3HCATb B AOJir. To borrow money. Ot-
;^05KJi;JIHB|blfl, -an, -oe, bie rainy Aaxb AOJir. To pay one's debt.
noroAa. Rainy weath-
J\omji,JiuBaifi HMexb AOJiFH. To be in debt.
er. ^OJKAJIHBMH A^Hb. A rainy y Hero MHoro AOJiroB. He has a
day. J\omjimiBoe JieTO. A rainy lot of debts.
summer. <> R B AOJiry oepeA hhm.
5biJi /
^OHC^jb m., gen. -fi rain was indebted to him.
Hagt jsflyKjih. It rains. IIpoJiHBHoH J^OJirO adv. for a long time
A0>KAb. Pouring rain. J^omj^b Jiber ^oJiro JKAaxb. To wait for a long
KaK H3 BeApa. It is raining cats and time.
dogs. MeJiKHH oceHHHii aojka^. An AOJIJKEH, AOJiJKHia, -6, -u
autumn drizzle. IIoa ao^kagm- i^ the 1. must. Mbi AOJi?KHBi MHoro pa66-
rain. xaxb. We must work a lot. BoJib-
J^OflTfl see /^OXOAHTb HaH A0Ji>KHa JiejKaxb b nocxeJin.
;i;0KA3ATEJlbCTB0 neut. proof, evi- The sick woman has to keep to
dence her bed. H
aoJUKCH nomri b Ma-
CyAbH TpeSoBaJi AOKaaaTejibcxB. The rasiiH. / must go shopping. Mh
judge demanded proof(s). saBxpa AOJi>KHLi SyAGM Bcxpe-
30KA3ATb see Jl,0KA3blBATb XHXbCH. We
shall hare to meet
Jl,0KA3bIBAlTb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp. tomorrow. Oh AOJiJKen 6bixb 3Aecb
HTO? KOMy?//?. AOKasaib, AOKa- B 2 Haca. He is to be here at
mf, AOKa>Kenib, AOKa^Kyx to prove 2 o'clock.
A KaK Bbi AOKajKexe, hto bm npa- 2. to owe. Tw MHe aoji^kgh 10 py6-
Bbi? And how are you going to prove Jieii. You owe me 10 roubles.
that you are right? ^OKaaaxb axo JlfiM m., pi. -a house
xpyAHO. It's difficult to prove that. IIocxpoHXb AOM. To build a house.
m. report
JS,OKJlAjS, <> JJ^OM KyjibTypw. A house of cul-
HavHHbiH AOKJiaA- ^
scientific re- ture. JJ^oM OTAbixa. A rest-home.
port. HHxepecHHH aokjisIa. in- An JI^OMA adv. FAG? at home
teresting report. CAGJiaxb AOKJiaA- PaSoxaxb AOMa. To work at home.
To make a report. FoxoBHXb AO- R 6yAy AOMa b 6 nacoB Beqepa.
KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toxo- be home at 6 o'clock in the eve-
I'll
BHXbCH K AOKJiaAy- To prepare for ning.
a report. AOMAfflHIHfl, -na, -ee, -He
J^OKTOP m., pi. -a 1. home. ^OMamuHH pa66xa. Home-
1. doctor. OnbixHbiH AOKXop. An work. ^oMamnee aaAauHe. A
experienced doctor. HaAO nosBaxb home-task. Jl^OMamuHH xejie^OH.
AOKXopa. A doctor must be A
private telephone.
called. rioHXH K AOKXopy. To go 2. domestic. J^OMamuHe jKHBOxHbie.
to a doctor. Bmxb y AOKXopa. Domestic animals.
To be at the doctor's. J^OMOEt adv. KyAa? home
2. doctor. ^OKXop nayK. A doctor Haxh aomoh. To walk home. Exaxb
(of science). AOMOH. To go home. EocJie pa6dxu
AOKyMEHT m. fl o6biHHO HAy AOMOH. After work I

1. usu. pi. document. IIoJiyHHTb usually go home.

J^OP 36 Apy

aopOrA /. AOCTHPAlTb, -H), -enib, -iot imp.

1. road. ninpoKaH ^opora. A wide q e r 6? AOCTHrnjyxb, -y, -enib,
/ />.
road. -yx & AocxM^b, AOCXHrnly, -emb,
2. way. IIoKaaaTb Aopory. To show -yx, past Aocxar, -Jia, -Jio, -jih
the way. 1. to reach. AjibHHHHCXbi aocxhfjih
3. journey. B ^opdre 6mjio seceJio. BepmHHbi ropbi. The mountain
It was a merry journey. YcTaTb climbers reached the top of the
c floporn. To be tired after one's mountain.
journey. 2. to achieve, ^ocxnraxb 6ojibniHX
<> HCeJiesHEfl Aopora. railway.A ycnexoB. To achieve great success.
Hath CBoefi Aoporon. To go one's JI[ocTumo npeKpacHux peayjibxa-
way. Aopore. On the way. Ho
Ho xoB. To achieve splendid results.
ffopore flOMOH oh Kynaji raaexy. On AOCTflrHYTb see ^OCTHPATb
^
the way home he bought a newspa- ^OCTHiixEHHE neut. achievement
per. ^ocxHJKeHHH mhpob6h HayKH. The
J^OPOriOfl, -an, -6e,^ -me, short form achievements of world science.
Aopor, Aopora, floporjo, -h; adv. JJ,OXOJlfiTh, AOXo>Ky, AOxoAHmb, ao-
Aoporo; comp. AopoHte x6ahx imp. AO Koro? ao ne-
1. expensive, dear. ^oporoH ko- t6?./ p. AOHlxM, -Ay, -Aemb, -AyT,
CTiOM. An expensive suit, /^opo- /?as^Aonieji, AoniJi|a, -6, -h to reach,
ran Me6ejib. Expensive furniture. to go as far as
2. dear. J^oporon flpyr. Dear friend. ^OHxri AO yHHBepcHxexa. To reach
3. cherished, dear. JJ^oipoTiie Bocno- the University. Ox yHHBepcHxexa ao
MHHaHHH. Cherished recollections. o6in;e}KHXHH h Aomeji neniK6M. /
JJ,0 CBHAAHHH see CBHAAHHE walked all the way from the Uni-
J^OCKA /., ace. AOCKy; pi. aockh, ao- versity to the hostel.
coK, AOCKaM, etc. ^O^b gen., dat., prepos. AO^epn,
/.,
1. board, ^y 66 Baa AOCKa. An oak ace. AOHb, instr. AO^epbio; pi. p,6-
board. HepH, Ao^epeH, AO'iepaM, AOHepen,
2. blackboard, nncaxb na AOCKe. To AOHepbMH (AO^epaMH), o AOiepax
write on the blackboard. GTepexb daughter
c AOCKH. To clean the blackboard. MJiaAinaH AOHb. The youngest daugh-
<0> KjiaccHafl AOCKa. Blackboard. ter. CpeAHHfl AO^b. The middle
lIIaxMaTHafl AOCKa. Chessboard. daughter. Gxapman AOHb. The eld-
JlocKA noqexa. Roll of honour. est daughter.
^OCTAjBATb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.
^PEBHIHtt, -an, -ee, -ne ancient
HTO? / /?.Aocralxb, -ny, -nerab, -nyx
jQ^peBHHe Hap6Abi. Ancient peoples.
1. Ao Her6? to reach. ^ocxaBaxb
^peBHHH HcxopHfl. Ancient history.
AO noxojiKa. To reach the
^peBHHC naMHXHHKH apxHTeKxypu.
ceiling.
Ancient monuments of architecture.
2. to get, to take, ^ocxasaxb khh-
ry c n6jiKH. To get a book from J^P05K|ATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp.
the shelf. Jl^ocxaBaxb nJiaxbe h3 1. to quiver. JiHCXbH ApoJKax na
niKa^a. To take a dress out of ;^epeBe. The leaves are quivering
the wardrobe. on the tree.
3. to get. ^ocxasaxb 6hji6xm b kh- 2. to tremble, to shiver, ^poj^axb
HO. To get tickets for the cinema. ox xoJioAa. To shiver with cold.
^OCTATOHHO J^pojKaxb ox cxpaxa. To tremble
1. adv. enough. PaSoxaxb Aocxa- with J ear.
TO'THO AOJiro. To work long /^py^ m., pi. Apy3b3, Apyaea friend
enough. GxapwH APyr. An old friend. J\o-
2. predic. impers. (it is) enough, poroH Apyr. A
dear friend. JIio-
that will do. Mee HHxaxb AaJib- 611MUH Apyr. A
very dear friend.
nie? —Hex, Aocxaxoino. ''Shall I Bepeue Apysbs. Faithful friends.
go on reading?-' ''No, that'll do." ^ CxapbiM Apyr Jiy^rae hobux
;^OCTATb see AOCTABATb AByx (proverb). An old friend is
flpy 37 EAH

better thantwo new ones, /^py3bfl talk. no^Jiaro^apiiTb ot nymH. To

nosHaiOTCH b 6efle (proverb). Cf. thank from the bottom of one's
A friend in need is a friend indeed. heart, fly ma 65mecTBa. The life
;^py^|Ofl, -an, -de, -Me of the party.
1. different. Tu cxaji ;^py^I^M. fl'yiUHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. jxyrnno
yow'i;e become different. 1. sultry. flymuBiH se^ep. sultryA
2. other. yBHAHMCH b ^pyroH pas. evening.
We'll meet some other time. 2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suf-
3. used as n. other. Oahh nomjiii focating. Mne AyniHO. / am suf-
B KHHO, 3pyrHe b xeaxp. Some— focating.
went to the cinema, others to the
flbIM m., no pi. smoke
theatre.
FycTOH AWM. Dense smoke.
<> Ha
flpyroH ^OHb. The next day.
<C> Her flhJMa 6e3 ornH (proverb).
Jl^vfWBX /., no pi. friendship There's no smoke without a fire.
BojiLmaH 7i;pyH{6a. great friend- A
ship. ^p3'}K6a HapoAOB (or: MejKfly flblXAHHE neut., no pi. breathing
Hap6j];aMH). Friendship between FjiydoKoe ^fcixaHHe. Deep breathing.
peoples. flbllUATb, Awniy, jj^umiiuih, Abimax
3Py5KflTB, ApyJKy, flpyJKHmi,, flpy- imp.
H{aT zm/?. c K e M? c h e m? to be 1. to breathe. TjiyCoKO AwinaxB.
friends To breathe deep. flBimaxB noJi-
flpyjKHTB c T0BapHn;aMH no hhcth- HOH rpy^tK). To breathe deep.
Tyxy. To be friends with one's THmeJio ABimaTB. To breathe
fellow-students. with difficulty.
2.: BaM Ha^o AbimaxB cBeJKUM bos-
^Py^KHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
AP5^5KHO AyxoM. You must get fresh air.
1. friendly, united. /J^pyjKHafl ceMLH. flUflH m. uncle
-4 united family. JKhtb ji;pyH{HO.
To live in friendship.
2. concerted. ^pymnaH pa66Ta.
Team work. PaSdiaTb aPY^kho. E, e
To work as a team.
J^^MAITb, -K), -emt, -lox imp. hto? EFO poss. pron., indecl. his
o K6M?oHeM?&-|- inf./p. no^y-
9x0 ero nopx(|)eJib. This is his
MajTB, -K), -eraB, -k)t to think
brief-case. 3xa KHiTxa ero. This book
HeM TBI ;;yMaemB? What are you
is his.
thinking about? Hto tbi ayMaeniB o6
BTOM? What do you think of thai? EflA f., no pi. food
BKycHaa e^a. Tasty food.
^yMaio, HTO OH roBopHT npaB^y.
/ think he is speaking the truth.
EflBA
1. adv. nearly. Oh e^Ba ycneJi na
H AyMaio saHHTBCfl cnoproM. / am ypoK. He
was nearly late for his
thinking of taking up sport.
lesson. Ona e^Ba ne ycnyjia. She
3;yPAK m., gen. -a fool nearly fell asleep.
/^yiTB, -K), -emB, -iot imp. 2. conj. hardly. EflBa oh BbimeJi Ha
1. to blow. G MopH Ayer Berep. yjiHuy, KaK nanajicH aojkab.
A wind is blowing from the sea. Hardly had he gone cut into the
2. impers.: S^ecB ^y^T. There is a street when it began to rain.
draught here.
EflflHCTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -Bie only
fly in m. shower EAHHCXBeHHUH CHH. An only son.
IIpHHflTB j\ym. To take a shower. EAHHCXBeHHBiH KocxioM. The only
fly in A /., ace. Aj'my; pi. jiymu soul suit.
<> Xopomo Ha Ayrae. At ease. EflflHCTBO neut. unity
flejiaxb c flymoH. To put one's Eahhcxbo BsrJiHAOB. Unity of views.
heart into something. IIoroBopHTb no Eahhcxbo xedpHH h npaKXHKH. The
AymaM. To have a heart-to-heart unity of theory and practice.
EAM 38 5KAJI

E/^flH|bl(i, -an, -oe, -ue united, single ""Are you hungry?" ''Yes, I am
EAHHaH BOJIH. A
single will. Eah- very hungry."
HbiH HJiaH. A
single plan. ECTb2 see BblTb
EE po<s. pron., indecl. her, hers EXATb, eAly, -euib, -yx; imper. noea-
3to ee naJibxo. This is her coat. >KaH, HOCAeM, HoeaHtaHTe imp. k y-
3th KHHrH ee. These books are A a? H a q e M? to go
hers. ExaTb Ha napoxoAe. To go by ship.
EH{EAHEBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adu. ExaTb Ha TpaMBae. To go by tram.
e>KeAHeBHo daily ExaTb na noeaAe. To go by train.
EweAHeBHaH raaeia. A
daily paper. ExaTb Ha aBx66yce. To go by bus.
EjKeAHeBHo AGJiaxb VTpeHHioK) 3a- IloeAeM Ha Mexpo! Let's go by the
pfl^Ky. To do p.t. exercises daily. underground! ABToSyc SiJCTpo ejier.
E3mHTb, ->Ky, -;i;Hinb, -jj^ht imp. The bus is going fast. IlHOHepbi
1. to go. Ka>K;tuH aenb h e3>Ky CAyT B Jiarepb. The Young Pioneers
B HHCTHiyT Ha xpaMBae. Every are going to camp.
day I go to the Institute by tram. EmE adv.
B npomjiOM roAy h esAHJi na 1. more. JXame Mue emji xJie6a.
KaBKas. Last year I went to the Give me some more bread, fl xo-
Caucasus. qy Kyniixb kocxfom h eme oahh
2.to ride. H yMeio eaAHXb na bg- raJicxyK. / want to buy a suit
JiocHHeA^. / can ride a bicycle. and one more tie.
EJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fir-tree 2. still. Oh eme oqenb mojioa. He
B Jiecy MHoro ejioK. There are many is still very young.
fir-trees in the forest. 3. as much as. Oh yexaji en^e roA
<> HoBoroAHflH ejiKa. New Year HaaaA. He left as much as one
tree. year ago.
ECJIH conj. 4. still, y Hac erne mhofo speMeHH.
J. if. EcJiH fl He Sy^y Sojien, to We have plenty of time.
still
oGflaaxejibHo npHAy b xeaTp. // 5. still. Oh cTaA eu^e Ao6pee h
/ am not ill, I'll certainly come Jiyqme. He became still kinder
to the theatre. EcJiH xothtg, h and better.
paccKa>Ky Baivi. // you want, I'll
tell you. EcjiH 6u h sHaji o6
3T0M paHbme, h 6bi He npHuieji.
If I had known this earlier I
should not have come.
2. whereas. Ecjih na ceBepe CTpanu H{AJl,H|blfl, -aH, -oe, -ue, short form
o^eHb xoJiOAHo, to Ha lore >KapK0. waAen, HtaAHa, >KaAH|o, -m; adv.
Whereas it is very cold in the jKaAHO stingy
north of the country, it is very JKaAHwii ^leJioBeK. A
stingy person.
hot in the south. HCAJl£|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. /
ECTf:CTBEHH|Mfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short p. no>KaJie|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t
form ecTecTBGH, ecTecTBeHH|a, -o, 1. Koro? HTo? to pity. JKaJiexb
-bi; adv. ecTecTBeHHO peSeHKa. To pity a child.
1. only complete form natural. 2. o KOM? o HCM? or followed
EcTecTBGHHbie HayKH. Natural by conj. mo
to be sorry. >Ka-
sciences. EcTecxBeHHUH (|)aKyjib- jiexb noxepHHHOM BpeMeHH. To
TCT. Natural science faculty. be sorry for the time lost, fl ma.-
2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe JKeJiaHHe. jieio, Hxo He noexaJi na aKCKyp-
A
natural desire. CHK). / am sorry I did not go on
ECTb^, CM, emb, ecT, e^viM, cahtc, caht; the excursion.
imper. emb, embxe, past eji, ejia 3.H e r 6? to grudge. H{aJierb Aener.
imp. I p. cbecTb, cteM, cbemb, cbeCT, To grudge the money.
cbeAHM, CLBAHxe, cLeAHT to eat HCAJIKO (HCAJIb) adv., predic. im-
EcTL cyn. To eat soup. Xonerab pers. KOMy? Koro? h x o? or
ecTb? —
/l,a, H oneub xony ecTb. He r 6?
HCAJI 39 H«EH

1. K r d? ^ T 0? (to be) sorry. Mhg >KE (5K) particle

JKaJiKO tgSh. / am sorry for you. 1. emphatic particle: Hxd me xu
Mne jKaJiKO cecipy. / am sorry MOJiHHmb? Why on earth are you
for my sister. HaM JKaJiKO nam silent? Hxd JKe mhb ^eJiaxb? What
CTapwii ji;OM. We
feel sorry for shall I do? Kxd me
hxo no- anaji,
our old home. Mne jKaJiKO noxe- rd^a H3MeHHXCH? Who could know
pHHHoro BpeMGHH, I'm sorry for that the weather would change?
the time lost. 2. exactly, very, just, etc. MeuH Y
2. followed by conf hto. JKaJiKO,
. ecxb xaKaa me KHHra, KaK y
HTO Tw He npHineji. It's a pity xedfi. I've got an exactly the same
that you didn't come. book as you. Ko MHe npHXOAim
3. Hero? to grudge. Emj jKajiKo xdx >Ke Bpan, Koxopwii npnxo-
Aener. He grudges the money. ;i;iiji K xe6e. / was attended by
JKAJIjOBATbCa, -yiocb, -yerabCH, the same doctor as you. B xy we
-yiOTCfl jm/). H a Koro? na qxo? MHHyxy sBondK. At
pasflajicH
K M y? Ip. no>Kaji|oBaTbcH, -yiocB, that moment the bell rang.
very
-yembCH, -yioiCH to complain 5KEJIAHHE neut. wish
JKajiOBaTbCfl na Cbma. To complain y MeuH 6oJibmde TKeJianne yqiixb-
of one's son. CH. / am. eager to learn.
H{AJIb see 5KAJIK0 5KEJIA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp. ko-
5KAPEHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we fried, M y? »i e M y? nerd? or followed
roast by inf./p. no>Kejia|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox
JKapenan KapioniKa. Fried pota- to wish
toes. }KapeHoe mhco. Roast meat. JKejiaio BaM cnacxbH, 3j],opdBbH h
JKAPIHTB, -limb, -ht imp.
-K), hto?/ doJibmnx ycnexoB. / wish you liap-
p. nofliJKaplHTb, -K), -nmb, -ht to pifiess, good health and great suc-
fry, to roast cess. Htejiaio BaM Bcerd Hanjiyq-
noA>KapHTb KapidmKy. To fry po- mero, / wish you all the best. >Ke-
tatoes. JKapHTb Mflco. To roast Jiaio BaM xopomd ox^oxnyxb. /
meat. wish you a good rest, fl He JKCJiaio
5KAPK|HH, -aa, -oe, -ho; adv. >KapKo; HHHerd cJiymaxb. / don't want to
com p. /Kapqe hear anything.
1. hot. JKapKHH AeHb. A hot day. 5KEJIE3H|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie
HfapKaH noroAa. Hot weather. 1. iron. }KeJie3HaH Kpwma. met- A
HiapKoe Jiexo. A hot summer. al roof. >KeJie3HaH py^a. Iron ore.
2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot. 2. fig. iron. /KeJiesHoe 3;^opdBbe.
Mne JKapKO. / am hot. Cero^HH Strong health. >Kejie3HaH Bdjia.
oneHb jKapKO. It's very hot to- An iron will.
day. GxaJio eme JKapqe. It be- <> >Ke.ie3Hafl aopora. Railway.
came still hotter. JKEJIE30 n., no pl.^ iron
HCATb, -emb, -yx imp. h x o?/
JKMiy, B 3T0H pyAe MHoro JKCJiesa. There
p. no>Kaxb, no}KM|3% -emb, -yx to is much iron in this ore. G^eJiaTb
press, to squeeze Hxd-HH5yAi> H3 JKeJie3a. To make
IIo>Kaxb pyny.
K0My-HH6y/i;i> To something out of iron.
shake hands with somebody. HEJITlbin, -an, -oe, -He yellow
HCmATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past jK^aJi, >KejixaH KpacKa. Yellow paint. >Keji-
H^AaJia, m^,aJI\o, -h imp. ko r d? Xbiii HBex. Yellow colour. JKeJixoe
H X o? or Herd? nJiaxbe. A yellow dress.
1. Kord? Hxo? to wait. /Kflaxb HCEHA /., pi. TKeubi wife
flpyra. To wait for a friend. Mori H^ena — Bpan. My wife is a
>KAaxb cecxpy. To wait for one's doctor.
sister. JK^axb xpaMBaH. To wait HCEHATIblH, -bie; short form JKenax,
for a tram. -H (of men or of a married couple)
2. nerd? to expect. H^^axb nncb- married
Ma. To expect a letter. JK^axb JKenaxMH hcjiobck. A married man.
ndMom;H. To expect help. H He JKenax. I'm not married.
 .

;keh 40 Hcyp

HCEHflTbCH, jKeHiocB, weHHmLCH, me- 3. fig. lively. JKhboh peSenoK. A

HHTCH imp. & p. Ha K 6 M? to lively child. JKhboh yM. Live-
marry ly wit.
MoH Apyr JKeHHTCfl, My friend Is 4. living. H\hb6h hbuk. A living
getting married. Oh HteHjiJiCH na language.
KpacHBOH flGByniKe. He married a <> ^HBbie n;BeTW. Natural flowers.
beautiful girl. HHBOT m., gen. -a stomach
p. also HOJKeHHTBCfl, sing, not used, y MeHH 6oJiriT mwROT. I have a
pi. nojKeHHMCH, noHteHHxecb, uome- stomach-ache
HHTCH to get married H{HBOTH|OE neut., gen. -oro animal
Ohh HOHteHPiJiHCb y>Ke ^aBHo. They ^HKHe jKHBOTHue. Wild animals.
married quite a long time ago. JIjOMamHHe H^HBOTHbie. Domestic
HCEHCKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne woman's, animals.
women's HCflAKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne
JKeHCKan 66yBL. Women's footwear. 1. liquid. JKiiAKoe tgjio. A liquid
MejKAyHapoAHfciH jKencKHH j^euh. substance.
International Women's Day. 2. thin. }KiiAKHH cyn. Thin soup.
HCEHmHHA /. woman JKn^KaH CMexana. Thin sour
KpacHBaH HteHmnna. A beautiful cream.
woman. HClSAKOCTB /. liquid
HCEPTBA /. Han(f^HHTb cocy;^ h^ijakoctbio. To
1. Blitb totoehm na jiio-
sacrifice. fill a vessel with a liquid.
6ue JKepTBu. To be ready to H^nSHEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me life
make any sacrifices. npuHOCHTfc }Kpi3HeHHbiH OHHT. Life experience.
jKepiBLi. To make sacrifices. 5KH3Hb /. life
2. victim. Butb (cxaTL) HiepxBOH. /Knaub qeJioBena. Man's life. }KH3Hb
To be (become) a victim. pacTeHHH. The life of plants. KaK
JKECTKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne wiry, hard BOBHHKJia >KH3Hb Ha ScMJIG? HoW
}KecTKHe BoJiocBi. Wiry hair. >KecT- did life appear on Earth? Thjkc-
KHH ^HBan. A hard divan. JiaH JKHBHb. A hard life. 06mecT-
<> 5KecTKiiH Baroii. Hard-seated BeHHan mnsuh. Public life.
railway carriage. <> ^eJiOBeK, nojiHbiu tkushu. man A
HCECTOKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne full of vitality. Bonpoe h«h3hh h
1. cruel. TKecTOKHH neJioBeK. A CMepxii. A
matter of life and death.
cruel person. BbiTb MejKfly H{H3Hbio n cMepxbio.
2. bitter, severe. H^ecxoKan 6opb6a. To be between life and death.
A bitter struggle. H^cctokhh 3a- ^flPHlblH, -an, -oe, -ue fat, rich
^
KOH. A cruel law. JKiipHoe Mflco. Fat meat. JKnpHHH
H{EHb, JKry, jKJKemb,
jKryx, past cyn. Rich soup.
mer, >KrJi|a, -h imp. Koro?
-o, HCliTEJIb m. inhabitant
H T 0? / jo. cjKe^b, cojKry, cojKJKemb, CeJibCKHH JKHxejib. countryman. A
cowrvT, past cmer, coHtrJija, -6, -n FopoACKOH A townsman.
jKHxeJib.
1. to burn. CJKe^b nncbMO. To burn Ckojibko JKHxejieH b ropoAe? How
a letter. TKe^h 6eH3HH, Kepocnn, manyXinhabitants are there in the
yroJib, ApoBa. To burn petrol, town?
paraffin, coal, firewood. HCHTb, >KHBly, -emb, -yx, past jkhji,
2. fig. to burn. Gojinne h^jkct. The jKHJia, >KHJi|o, -H imp. to live
sun is scorching. Mopoa mmeT TKuTh AOJiro. To live long. JKnxb
JiHqo H pyKH. The frost bites APyJKHo. To live peacefully. /Khxb
the face and the hands. xopomo. To live well, fl JKHBy b
M11B\0VL, -an, -oe, -tie, short form MocKBe. / live in Moscow. HiHXB
H«HB, HfHBa, HtliB|0, -W, adv . WHBO cBoriM yMOM. To live by one's wits.
1. alive. JKnxb noA oahoh KpiimeH. To live
2. living. TKHBaH npHpoAa. Living under the same roof.
nature. HCyPHAJI m. magazine
 3A 41 3AB

3, 3 3ABOJIETb2, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. saSoJiiix, 3a6oJiHx p.
3 A prep. to begin to ache
I. -j- instr. y MeHH 3a6ojieJia rojiOBa. head My
1. behind, beyond. IIIyM 3a CTenofi. began to ache.
I A noise behind the wall. 3a pe- 3AB0TA /. care
KOH Jiec. There is a forest beyond 3a66xa o flpyre. Care for a friend.
the river. 3AB0|THTbCH, -qycb, -xHmbca, -xax-
2. at. CHflexb aa ctojiom. To sit at CH imp. o K 6 M? o ^eM? /j9. no-
the table. 3a66|THXbCH, -HyCb, -XHmbCH, -XHX-
3. after.HflTii Apyr 3a ;i;pyroM. To cfl to take care
go one after another. H 3a BaMH. Maxb 3a66xHxcH o peSenKe. The
/ am after you. mother takes care of her child.
4. at, 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. 3a 3AB0TJlHBlblE[, -an, -oe, -me thought-
saBxpaKOM. At breakfast. ful, careful
5. for. IIocjiaTfc aa epaHOM. To send SadoxJiHBUH flpyr. A thoughtful
for the doctor. Vlj^Ta 3a xjie6oM. friend. 3a66xJiHBoe oxnomeHne. A
To go to buy some bread. careful attitude.
6. after. GMOTpexb sa peSenKOM. 3ABbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp./
To look after a child. p. aaSbixb, 3a63^A|y. -emb, -yx
7. out of, beyond. JKhxl 3a ropo- 1. KOro? HXO? o KOMPoqeM?
AOM. To live in the country (out or followed by conj. -^t o or by an
of town). inf. to forget. 3a6HBaxb Apyra.
II. -\-acc. To forget one's friend. 3a6biBaxb
1. behind, out IIocxaBHXB Kap-
of. o X0BapHni;e. To forget about
xHHy 3a To put a pic-
mKa(|). one's friend. 3a6bixb npaBHJio.
ture behind the wardrobe. Bpo- To forget a rule. H 3a6HJi, qxo
CHXb hx6-jih6o 3a OKHo. To throw ceroAHH coSpauHe. / forget there
something out of the window. is a meeting today. He 3a6yAbxe

2. at. Cecxb 3a cxoji. To sit down KyuHXb SuJiexH. Don't forget to

at the table. buy tickets.
3. by. B3Hxb Kor6-HH6yAb 3a pyKy. 2. H X ? to leave. 3a6wxb sohthk b
To take somebody by the hand. Mexpo. To leave one' s umbrella in
4. before. 3a necKOJibKO jiue^ jio the underground.
npnesAa xoBapHni;a. Some days SABb'ITbsee SABblBATb
before the friend's arrival. 3ABEPH5^Tb see 3ABEPTbIBATb
5. in. BbinoJiHHXb pa66xy sa nefle- 3ABEPTbIBAiTb, lo, -emb, -lox imp.
JiK). To do the work in a week. Koro? Hxo? / JO. 3aBepH|yxb, -y,
6. for. BopoxbCH 3a Mnp, sa cbo66- -emb, -yx to wrap
ay. To fight for peace, for free-
3aBepHyxb MacJio b 6yMary. To wrap
dom. the butter in paper. SaBepniixe, no-
JKaJiyiicxa. Wrap it up, please.
7. for. 3anJiaxiixb aa kocxiom. To
pay for a suit. Kynnxb 3a 5 py6-
3ABECTH see 3AB0AiITb

Jien. To buy for 5 roubles.

3ABfl3|0BATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
imp. K M y? H e M y? / p. noaaBii-
8. to. noe3fl;Ka 3a ropoA. t^^P io ^ AloBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to envy
the country.
Oh saBiiAyex Mne. He envies me. Oh
3ABACT0B1KA /., gen. pi. -ok saBpiAyex moitm ycnexaM. He envies
strike me my success.
06'bflBHXb 3a6acx6BKy. To declare a 3ABfl|CETb, -my, -cnmb, -chx imp.
strike. ox Koro? ox Hero? to depend
3AB0JIEITL1, -K), -emb, -lox p. hcm? 3x0 saBHCHX ox Bac. It depends on you.
to fall ill 3ABflCHM0CTb /., no pi. depen-
3a6ojiexb rpnnnoM. To fall ill with dence
the 'flu. 3a6ojiexb anrHHOH. To 3AB0j^ m. works, plant
fall ill with tonsillitis. ABXOMoSflJIbHMH SaBOA- ^'^ ^"^^
 I

3AB 42 3AA

works. nocxynpiTb iia aaBo^. To 3ArOPA|Tb, -K). -emb, -lox imp.

begin working at a plant. PaSoxaTb p. 3aroplexb, -k), -Hrab, -At to sun-
Ha 3aB6fl,e. To work at a plant. M^- bathe
Tii Ha saBOA To go to the plant. 3aropaxb na nJiajKe. To sun-
yHTii c saBOAa, To leave a plant. bathe on a beach. Xopomo aaro-
3AB0J^lITb, saBOHcy, aaeoAHmb, aaBo- pexb. To get well sun-tanned.
AHT imp. H T 0? / p. saBecTii, aaBe- 3ArOPAlTbCfl, -K)cb, -erabcfl, -ioxch
Al3% -emb, -yx, past aaBeji, 3aBeJi|a, imp. /p. aaroplexbCH, -locb, -rimbcH,
-6, -li to wind up -HXCH
3aBecTii HacLi. To wind up a watch 1. to catch fire. 3aropeJiCH fl;oM.
(
clock) .^ A house was on fire.
3AB0lEBATb, -k)K), -loemb, -k)K)t p. 2. fig. to burn. 3aropexbCH HteJia-
H TO? HHeM. To burn with desire. Ero
1. to conquer. BaBoeBaxb MHorne rjia3a 3aropeJincb pajiocxbio. His
cipaHbi, To conquer many coun- eyes began to sparkle with joy.
tries.
2.fig. to win. BaBoeBaib ^oBepne.
3ArOPETb see 3ArOPATb
To win confidence. BaBoeBaxb
3ArOPETbCH see SArOPATbCfl
yBameHHe ii JiioSoBb. To win 3AJi;AlBATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. hto?
respect and love.
K o M y? / />. 3a;taxb, 3aAaM, 3aAamb,
3a,a^cx, 3aaaAHM, saAa^Hxe, aa^a-
3ABTPA adv. tomorrow jiyT,past 3aAaji, 3a;i;aJia, 3a;];aJi|o, -ii
3aBTpa Sy^ex xopoman noro^^a. To-
1. to give. 3aAaBaxb ypoK. To give
morrow the weather will be fine.
some material to learn. 3afl;axb
O ]\o saeTpa! Till tomorrow! Ha AOM. To give a home-task.
3ABTPAK m. breakfast 2. to ask. Ba^axb Bonpoc. To ask
ITpiiroToBHTb saBxpaK. To prepare
a question.
breakfast. 3a saBxpanoM. At break-
fast. 3AAAHHE neut. task
3ABTPAKA|Tb, -emb, -lox imp. /
-lo, ^OMamnee 3a;^aHHe. A home-task.
p. no3aBxpaKa|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox to 3AJIATb see 3AAABATb
have breakfast 3AAAqA /.

Mm saBxpaKaeM b BoceMb nacoB yx- 1. task. O^epeAHbie sajiAmi. The

pa. We have breakfast at eight immediate tasks. Sa^ana rocy-
o'clock in the morning. ;i;apcxBeHHOH BajKHOcxH. A task
3ABTPAmH|Hn, -hh, -ee, -ne tomor- of state importance.
row's 2. sum, problem. PemHXb 3aAa^y.
BaBxpamHHH 9KCKypcHH. Tomor- To do a sum. To solve a problem.
row's excursion. Banana c AByMfi HeH3BecxHbiMH.
3ABfl3ATb see 3ABH3bIBATb A problem with two unknowns.
3AB>l3bIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp. 3AJ^:^MATbCH see 3A3yMbIBATb-
H X o?//>. 3aBH3axb, 3aBH}Ky, saBfi- Cfl
H<emb, 3aBH}Kyx 3AAyMHHBlblfl, -aH, -oe, -me, short
to tie. 3aBfl3axb y3eji. To tie a
1. form 3aAyMHHB, -a, -o, -u; adv.
knot. 3aBH3axb ropjio. To tie sajiyumiBo pensive, thoughtful
something round one's neck. 3aityMHHBMH BH/^. A pensive look.
2. fig. to start. 3aBfl3axb APy>K- 3aAyMHHBaH ;^eByraKa. A thoughtful
6y. To start a friendship. girl.Oh 3aAyMHHB0 nocMOxpeJi na
3ArAJ^|KA /., gen. pi. -ok riddle Hee. He looked at her thoughtfully.
Baraga xb 3araAKy. To ask a riddle. 3AJ^^MbIBAlTbCH, -locb, -erabCfl,
3ara;i;KH npiipoAM. The riddles of -IOXCH imp. o^CM? na^^eM?/
nature. 3xox neJiOBeK ^jih Mena 3a- p. saayMalxbCH, -locb, -embcH, -ioxch
ra^Ka. This man is a riddle to me. to think, to ponder
3ArOBOP m. conspiracy, plot 3aAyMaxbCH Ha^ cJiomnbiM Bonpo-
OpraHHSOBaxb saroBop. To hatch a COM. To ponder over a complex
plot. PacKpuTb saroBop. To discov- problem. 3aAyMaxbCH o cbocm Ap}'-
er a pldt. re. To think about one's friend.
 I

3AE 43 SAM

3AE35KAlTb, -lo, -erab, -iot imp. 3AKJIK)HHTb see 3AKJIH)HATb

K KOMy? Kyfld? 3a kgm? aa 3AK0H m. law
HeM?//?. aaexaxb, saeAly, -emb, -yx SaKOH npHpoAM. A law of nature.
to call (on, at) 3aK6Hbr pasBHXHH 65ra;ecxBa. The
Saexaxb k xoBapnmy. To call on laws of development of society. IIpH-
one's friend. 3aexaxb na no^xy. To HflXb 3aK6H. To adopt a law.
call at the post-office. 3aexaxb b Ma- 3AK0HHHTb see 3AKAHHHBATb
raai'iH sa KHHraMH. To call at the 3AK0HHHTbCH see SAKAHHH-
shop to get books. BATbCH
3AEXATb see 3AE3HCATb 3AKPHH|ATb, -y, -iirab, -ax p. to
SAHCEHb see SAHCHFATb shout
3A»«EMbCa see 3AH{HrATbCH rpoMKO 3aKpHHaxb. To shout loudly.
3AH(HrA|Tb, -lO, -enib,^ -k)X imp. 3AKPbIBAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
H X 0? / /?. sajKe^b, 3a>Kry, sammeuih, Hxo? J p. 3aKpbixb, 3aKp6|io, -emb,
aajKryx, past 3a>Ker, 3a>Krjila, -6, -lOX
-u to light 1. to close. 3aKpwBaxb okho. To
3a>Keqb cnMHKy. To light a match. close a window. 3aKpHXb ^Bepb
3a>KeHb cBex. To switch on the light. Ha KJiK)H. To lock the door. 3a-
3AM{HrAiTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not KpiJBaxb xexpa^b, Kunry, aJib66M.
used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp. / p. To close the copy-book, the book,
sajKe^bCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, the album. 3aKpbixb rJiasa. To
3rd pers. sammejca, 3a>KryxcH, close one's eyes.
past 3a>KerCfl, 3a>KrJilacb, -ocb, -ijcb 2. fig. to close. SaKpbixb co6paHHe.
to light To close the meeting.
CnMHKH He 3a>KHraioxcH. The 3AKPb'ITb see 3AKPbIBATb
matches won't light. Ha He5e 3a- 3AKyPflTb, sanypK), 3aKypHrab, 3a-
HtrJiHCb 3Be3Abi, Stars appeared in the Kypnx p. ^ X 0? to light
sky. 3aKypHXb nannpocy. To light a
SAflfll see 3AX0AflTb cigarette.
3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb 3AJI m. hall
3AKA3bIBAiTb, -lo, -einb, -lox imp. 3prixejibHbm 3aJi. An auditorium.
H X 0? p. 3aKa3axb, 3aKa}Ky, 3aKa-
/ GnopxHBHbiH 3aJi. A sports hall.
>Kemb, 3aKa>Kyx to book, to order AKxoBbiH 3aJi. An assembly hall.
Sanasaxb 6HJiexbi b xeaxp. To book HnxaJibHWH 3aJi. A reading hall.
tickets for the theatre. 3aKa3biBaxb 3a Ji saceAaHHH. Convention hall.
o6e;5. To order dinner. SAMEHHTb see 3AMEHHTb
3AKAHHHBA|Tb, -lo, -erab, -rox imp. 3AMEHH|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
Hxo? / /). saKOH^lHXb, -y, -Hmb, -ax H X 0? q e M? 3aMeraixb, 3aMeHK),
/ JO.
to finish 3aMeHHrab, 3aMeHHX to replace
SaKonqnxb pa66xy. To finish work. SaMCHiixb cxapyio Aexajib hoboh.
3AKAHHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd
pers. To replace an old part by a new^ one.
not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch 3aMeHHXb ypoKH xhmhh ypoKaMii
imp. p. 3aK6HH|HxbCH, 1st & 2nd
I pyccKoro H3biKa. To substitute
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -axcH Russian lessons for chemistry lessons.
to end 3AMEP3AlTb, -k), -erab, -lox imp.
CoGpanne 3aK6HqHJiocb OHenb n63A- p. 3aMep3H|yxb, -y, -erab, -yx,
past
HO. The meeting ended very late. 3aMep3, 3aMep3Jila, -o, -h to freeze
3AKAT m. sunset H 3aMep3aio ox xoJiOAa. / am freez-
HpKHH 3aKax. A bright sunset. 3a- ing from the cold. PeKa 3aMep3Jia.
Kax coJiHua. Sunset. The river has frozen.
3AKJIH)HA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp. 3AMEP3HyTb see 3AMEP3ATb &
H X o?/p. 3aKJiK)HlHXb, -y, -nrab, -ax MEPSHYTb
to conclude 3AMETHTb see 3AMEHATb
3aKJiK)HHXb MHp. To make peace. 3AME^IAHHE neut. remark
3aKJiK)qHXb ^oroBop. To conclude CnpaBeAJiHBoe saMe^aHHe. A fust
a treaty. remark. CfleJiaxb saMe^aHHe KOMy-
3AM 44 3An

-jih6o hjih no noBOAy Her6-JiH6o. 2. to go in for. SauHMaxbCH cndp-

To make a remark to somebody or xoM. To go in for sport.
on something. 3aHHM4xbCH MyauKOH, jiHxepa-
3AMEHATEJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, tie xypoH. To go in for music,
wonderful literature.
3aMeiaTeJibHEJH noax namero spe- 3AHHTHE neut.
MeHH. A
wonderful poet of our time. 1. occupation. EoJieaHoe aanaxHe.
SaMe^axeJibHEiu ropo^;. wonder- A Auseful occupation.
ful city. 2. only pi. lessons. Bbixb na aaHH-
XHflX. To be at the lessons.
3AMEHA|TI>, -lo, -enib, -k)t imp. ko-
3AHflT|blB[, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
to? H T o?/p. 3aMe|TiiTb, -Hy, -THnib,
saHHx, aaHHxa, aannxlo, -h
-TAX
1. taken. 3xo Mecxo aannxo? Is this
1. to notice. Ha yjiHi^e h aaMexHJi
seat taken?
xoBapiima. In the street, I noticed a
friend. H saMexHJi, hxo oh ycxaji. 2. busy. H cer6;^HH aauHX. / am
busy today.
/ noticed that he was tired.
2. to remark. «3xo HenpaBAa», — 3AHIlTb see 3AHHMATb
aaMexHJi oh. ''That's not true," 3A0HH|blH, -an, -oe, -me; adv. aaoH-
he remarked. HO by correspondence
3AM|0K m., gen. -Ka lock
BaoHHoe oSyneuHe. Teaching by
corr^pondence. BaoHHMii HHCxnxyx,
3anepexb na aaivioK. To lock.
3AM0JI4|ATb, -y, -itmb, -ax p. to
A correspondence institute. Vqiixb-
CH aaoHHO. To study by correspond-
become silent
ence.
yneHHK aaMOJiHaJi. The pupil be-
came silent. 3AnA/( m.
SAMYHC adv. 1. west. G BocxoKa na aana^. From
Bhhxh 3aMy>K. To marry (of women east to west.
only). Ona Bwmjia aa Hero aaMyjK. 2. west. Ha aana^e cxpaHbi. In the
She married him. west of the country.
3AMy5KEM adu.
3AnAJ^H|blfl, -aa, -oe, -ho west(ern)
Bana^HbiH Bexep. A west wind. 3a-
BuTh aaMymeM. To be married (of
women only). Bbi aaMyjKeivi? — Hex, naAHoe nojiymapne. The western
hemisphere.
H He 3aMy>KeM. ,,Are you married?"
''No, I am not." Ona SbiJia aa-
BAHAX m. smell
MyweM. She was married. npmixHbiH aanax. A pleasant smell.
3AHHMA|Tb, -emb, -k)x imp.
-lo,
Banax i;Bex6B. The smell of flow-
ers.
Hxo?//?. aaHHxb, 3aHM|y, -emb, -yx
1. to occupy. Gxaj^HOH sannMaex 3AnHCATb see BAnflCblBATb
100 reKxapoB. The stadium oc- 3AnnC|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
cupies 100 hectares. 1, note. Hanncaxb sanncKy. To
2. to take. GnopxcMeH saHHJi nep- write a note.
Boe Mecxo. The sportsman took 2. only pi. transactions. yneHwe
the first place. aanticKH ynnBepcHxexa. The
3. to take. BaKHMaiixe Mecxa. Take transactions of the University.
your seats. 3AnflCbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
4. to take. PemeHHe sa^a^H sann- Hx 0? / p. aanncaxb, aannmy, aanii-
Jio 4 Haca. The solution of the memb, aannmyx
problem took 4 hours. 1. to write down. BaniicmBaxb JieK-
5. to occupy. BoHCKa aannjin ropo;^. n;HK). To take down notes of a
The troops occupied the town. lecture.
3AHHMA|TbCH, -locb, -embcH, -loxca 2. to record. BanwcHBaxb roJioc na
imp. r A e? ^ e m? njiCHKy. To record somebody's
1. to study. BaHHMaxbCfl b 6h6jiho- voice.
xeKe. To study at a library. 3AnJIAKATb see nJlAKATb
Mndro saHHMaxbCfl. To study a lot. BAHJIATfiTb see njIATflTb
3An 45 3AH

3AnOMHHA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp. 3ATEM adv.

Koro? qTo? / jD. sanoMHlHTb, -lo, 1. then. GnaHaJia a noujjj b 6h6-
-Hmb, -HT to remember JiHOTCKy, a 3aTeM b khho. /
SanoMHHTb HOMep flOMa. To remem- shall first go to the library and
ber the number of a house. SanoM- then to the cinema.
HHxe 3T0 CJIOBO, Remember this word. 2. for (or translated by inf.). Oh
SAllOMHHTb see 3AnOMHHATb no3BOHMji 3aTeM, HTOObi ysHaxb,
3AnPETHTb see 3AnPEIU;ATb KaK H ce6a nyBCTByio. He
3AnPEmAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. called up to learn how I felt.
q T 0? K o M y? -|- inf. I p. aanpelxHTb, 3AT0 con J. but
-my, -Tiimb, -THT to forbid, to pro- 3to HeBKycHO, aaxo nojie3Ho. It's
hibit not tasty, but it's good (for you).
BpaH sanpeTHJi eM}^ KypHTb. The 3AXBATHTb see 3AXBATbIBATb
doctor forbade him to smoke. 3AXBATblBAlTb, -emb, -iot
-lo,
3AnPEmEHHE neut. prohibition imp. H t 0? / /?. saxBaTPiTb, 3axBa-
3APABATbIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot Hy, saxBariimb, saxBarar to seize
imp. H T 0? I p. 3apa66Ta|Tb, -lo, 3axBaTHTb nyjKue 3eMJiH. To seize
-emb, -IOT to earn somebody else's land.
3apa6dTaTb mhofo Aener. To earn 3AX03flTb, saxoHty, aaxo^Hmb, sa-
a lot of money. xojxaT imp. k KOMy? KyAa? 3 a
3APAB0TATbi see 3APAB ATblBATb K e M? 3 a H e M? /p. 3aHTiJ, aaiiAly,
3APAB0TATb2 to begin working -emb, -yr, past aameji, 3amji|a, -6, -n
Mamnna 3apa6dTa.Tia. The machine 1. to call. SaiiTii b focth k ^py-
began working. ry. To call on a friend. Saiixii b
3APnJIATA /. ( = sapaSoTHaa njiara) MaraaHH 3a KHiiraMH. To call at
salary, wages a shop to buy books.
BucoKafl sapnjiaTa. A
high salary 2. to set. CoJiHue 3ax6AHT. The
(high wages). HnsKan sapnjiara. A sun is setting.
low salary (low wages). IIoJiyHHTb 3AX0TETb see XOTETb
sapHjiary. To get one's salary 3AHEM adv. what for, why
(wages). 3aHeM npnexajiH b Mockbv?
BM
3ACJiy3KHBAITb, -lo, -emb, -k>t What did you come to Moscow for?
imp. HTO?//?. aacjiyjKHTb, aacjiy- H He 3Haio, 3aHeM oh npnxoAHJi. /
>Ky, sacjiyn^nmb, 3acjiyH«aT don't know why he called.
1. to deserve. BacjiyjKtTTb narpa^y. 3AmflTA /., no pl.^
To deserve a reward. 1. defence. SamiiTa ropoAa, npaB.
2. to win. YHHTejib sacjiyjKHji jiio- The defence of a city, rights.
SoBb y^eHHKOB. The teacher won 2. defence. SamnTa AHCcepTaumi.
the love of his pupils. The defence of a thesis.
3ACJiy5KllTb see 3ACJiyaCHBATb 3AIIi;HTflTb see 3AIH.HmATb
3ACME|flTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -iotch 3AmHin;AITb, -K>, -emb, -iot imp.
p. to begin to laugh Kor6?HTo?OT Koro? ot He-
rpoMKO 3acMeHTbCH. To begin to ro? / p. 3am;HlTHTb, -my, -Tiimb,
laugh loudly. -THT
3ACH^Tb see 3ACbmATb 1. to defend. 3amHmaTb ropoA ot
3ACTABHTb see 3ACTABJI}lTb Bpara. To defend the city from
3ACTABJI>!|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t imp. the enemy. Samnmarb CBOiinpa-
K r 6? q t o? -f- inf. / p. sacTalBMTb, Ba. To defend one's rights. 3a-
-BjiK), -BHmb, -BHT to make mnmaTb CBOK) TOHKy spenHa.
3acTaBHTb paSoxaTb. To make (some- To defend one's point of view.
body) work. 2. to defend. 3amHmaTb AHCcepTa-
3ACbinAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp./ HHK). To defend one's thesis.
p. 3acH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT 3AHBflTb see 3AHBJI}lTb
Oh sacbinaeT 6MCTpo. He falls asleep 3AaBJIEHHE neut.
quickly. KoFAa th BHepa sacnyji? 1. declaration. 3aaBJieHHe npaBii-
When did you fall asleep yesterday? TBJIbCTBa nOJIOJKCHHH B CTpaHC.
 f

3Afl 46 3EJI

A
government declaration on the 3BOH|0K m., gen. -Ka
situation in the country. 1. bell. H najKaJi na KHOUKy bboh-
2. application. HaniicaTt saHBJie- Ka. / pressed the button of the
HHe Ha iiMH AHpeKTopa. To write bell.
an application to the director. 2. bell. Pa3;tajicfl xpexnii bbohok.
3AHBJlH|Tb, -K), -enih, -iot imp. The third bell rang.
H T 0? K o M y? o H e M? / p. 3a- 3ByK m,
flBiiTb, 3aHB-iK), aaHBHrab, aaflBHT 1. sound. CxpaHHUH BsyK. A strange
to announce sound. 3ByK rdjioca. The sound
IIpaBiiTejibCTBo
BaHBiijio o6 ycxa- of a voice.
HOBJieHHH ^HnJlOMaTPWeCKHX OTHO- 2. sound. CorjiacHMH (r.iacHbiH)
meHHH c 3T0H CTpanoH. The goi^ern- BByK. A consonant (vowel) sound.
ment announced the establishment of 3;^AHHE neut. building
diplomatic relations with this Bojibmoe aAanne. A
large building.
country. Cxapoe BAanne. An old building.
3BATb, bobI}', -enib, -yx, past bbrji, 3AaHHe xeaxpa. The theatre building.
-a, -0, -H imp.
p. noBBaxL, noao-
I 3^ECb adv.
B|y, -emb, -yx, past nosBaJi, no- 1. r^e? here. Mm
dy^eM >khxi>
3Bajia, noBBajiIo, -h 3/i,ecb. We
shall live here. 3fl,ecb
1. Koro? H X 0? to call. Maxb Bce CBOii. There are no strang-
noBBajia peSenKa oGe^axb. The ers here.
mother called the child to dinner. 2. fig. 3Aecb Hex Hnnero njioxoro.
HoBOBiixe cecxpy k tquq^ouw. There is nothing bad in this.
Call your sister to the telephone. 3^OP0BAlTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -ioxch
2. no p. to be called. Kan Bac bo- imp. c KGM? /p. noBAopoBalxbCfl,
Byx? —
MeHJi BOByx Bopric (Bo- -locb, -embCfl, -loxcH to greet
piicoM). ''What is your name?" Oh He noBAopoBa.iCH c HaMii. He
"My name is Boris." didn't greet us.
3BE'SJ\\ /., pi. BBeaAbi 3JliOPOB|bTH, -an, -oe, -bie, short
1. star. HpKaR aBe3;;a. A bright form BAopoB, -a, -0, -u.
star. Ha He6e oAHa BBCBAa. 1. healthy. 3Aop6BLm peoenoK. A
There is one star in the sky. healthy child. Oh coBceM BAopoB.
3a>Krjiiicb BBeB^bi. Stars began He is quite healthy.
to show. 2. only complete form healthy.
2. fig. star. BseBAa BKpana (khho- SAopoBbiH bha. a
healthy look.
BBeBAa). A film star. 3Aop6BbiH oxAHX. Healthy rest.
3BEH|ETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, <>ByAb(Te) 3Aop6B(fai)! Good-bye
3rd pers. -vix, -flx imp. to ring 3Ji;0P0BbE n. health
Bbghiix bbohok. The bell is ring- Xoponiee Good health.
BAopoBbe.
ing, rdjioc ee BBeneJi KaK kojio- KpenKoe BAopoBbe. Strong health.
KOJibHHK. Her voice rang like a y Hero cjia6oe BAopoBbe. His
bell. health is weak. KaK Bame BAopoBbe?
3BEP|b m., gen. pi. -eii beast How are you? Bepe^b BAopoBbe.
Xhiahmh BBcpb. A beast of prey. To take care of one's health.
JJ^uKne BBepii. Wild beasts. <> 3a same aAoposbe! To your
3B0H|flTb, -K), -Hiub, -ax imp. k o- health! Ha SAopOBbe! To your pleas-
My? nOBBOHJllXb, -K), -HUIb, -HX ure!
/ /?.
1. no p. to ring. 3bohhx xejie^OH. 3;i;PABCTByfl(TE) [BApacxByiiTe]
The telephone is ringing. How do you do. Good morning.
2. K M y? to ring up. fl hobbo- Good afternoon. Good evening.
HHn BMy no xejie^ony. / rang Hello!
him up. 3EJlEH|blfl[, -an, -oe, -He
3B0HK|nn, -an, -oe, -ne ringing 1. green. 3eJieHafl xpasa. Green
3b6hkhh roJioc, A ringing voice. grass. 3eJieHUH i;Bex. Green col-
BBOHKafl necHH. A ringing song.
 .

3EM 47 3HA

2. green. SeJienwe 6boiu;h. Green 3HAK0M|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short

vegetables. 3eJieHHe hSjiokh. form BHaKOM, -a, -0, -m
Green apples. 1. familiar. 3HaK6MaH KHPira. A
3EMJIH /., ace. 3eMJiK); pi. seuJiu, familiar book, fl BHanoM c hhm.
seMeJib, seMJiHM, etc. He is an acquaintance of mine.
1. no pi. Earth. GeMJia BpamaexcH 2. used as n. acquaintance. Oh moh
BOKpyr CBOeH och. The Earth BHaKOMLiH. He is an acquaintance
revolves on its axis. of mine. Ona moh BHanoMan.
2. land. IIJiOAopojiHaH seMJiH. Fer- She is an acquaintance of mine.
tile land. SeMJiH —
c66cTBeH- Oahh moh BHaKOMHH CKasaji
HOCTb Hapo^a. The land belongs MHe, HTO... An acquaintance of
to the people. mine told me that...
3. ground. VnacTt na seMJiio. To 3HAMEHHT|bm, -an, -oe, -He, short
fall to the ground. form BHaMeHHT, -a, -o, -li famous,
4. land. «3eMJifll» —
sanpHqaji Mar- celebrated
poc. ''Land!" the sailor shouted. 3HaMeHiiTHH KOMnosHTop. A fa-
3EPKAJI0 neut., pi. aepnajia, aepKaji, mous composer. SHaMeHMTBiii xy-
sepnajiaM, etc. looking-glass goJKHHK. A celebrated artist.
CMOTpeTB(cH) B sepKaJio. To look 3HAMH neut., gen., dat., prepos. BHa-
(at oneself) in a looking-glass. MeHH, ace. BHaMH, instr. 3HaMeHeM;
3EPH0 neut., pi. aepna, sepen, sep- pi. BHaMena, BHaMCH banner
HaM, etc. grain SnaMH CBoGoAbi. The banner of
IlnieHMHHoe aepno. A
grain of freedom.
wheat 3HAHHE neut. knowledge
3HMA /., ace. 3imy, pLsuMU. winter 3HaHHe — Knowledge is pow-
ciiJia.
CypoBan, xojioAHaH 3HMa. A hard, er. FjiySoKHe SHauHH. Profound
cold winter. BcK) ariMy ctohjih mo- knowledge. Hpo^Hbie BHaHHH. Solid
posH. The frosts lasted the whole knowledge. OBJia^eBaxb SHannHMH.
winter. To gain knowledge.
3flMH|Hfl[, -HH, -ee, -ne winter 3HA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. k r 6?
Shmhhh ASHb, A winter day. 3nM- H T O? K 6 M? H e M?
Hee najibTO. A winter coat. 3hm- 1. to know. H BHaio btofo nejioBe-
HHH cnopT. Winter sports. Ka. / know that man. Xopomo
3HM0H adv. in winter BHaxb cTpany. To have a good
3hm6h b MocKBe xoJioflHo. It is knowledge of a country.
very cold in Moscow in winter. 2. to know. 3HaTb pyccKnii hbwk.
3Jl\0V[, -as, -6e, -tie, short form 30JI, To know Russian.
BJia, 3JI0, 3JIW 3. to know. 3HaTb 06 OT-BeBAC To
1. wicked, malicious, vicious. know about one's departure. H
3jioh HeJiOBeK. A
wicked man. BHaio, HTO OH 66jieH. / know that
3Ji6e JiHii;6. A
wicked face. he is ill. H BHaio, r^e oh >kh-
2. hard. 3jioh Mopoa. A
hard frost. BCT. / know where he lives. H
3. angry. KaK h 30J1I How angry 1 BHaio, Ky^a oh nomeji. / know
ami where he went. H ne BHaio, Kor-
3MEII /., pi. 3MeH, 3MeH snake jxk OH BepneTCH, / don't know
HflOBHTaH 3MeH. A venomous snake. when he will come back, fl ne
3HAK0|MHTbCfl, -MJiiocb, -MHuibCH, BHaio, HOieMy ero Hex. / don't
-MHTCfl imp. c KeM?c HeM?/ know why he is not here.
p. n03HaK6|MHTbCH, -MJIIOCb, -MHIDb- 3HAHfiHHE neut.
CH, -MATCH 1. meaning. 3to cjiobo HMeex mho-
1. to make acquaintance. 3HaK6- ro 3HaHeHHH. This word has
MHTbCH C HOBMMH JIIOAbMH. To many meanings.
meet new people. 2. importance. Cnopx HMeex or-
2. to get to know. 3HaK6MHTLCH c poMHoe SHaneHHe flJIH BAOpoBbH.
r6po;;oM. To get to know a Sport is of great importance for
city. health.
3HA 48 HAT

3HAHlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely JiHHCKH. We speak Russian and
used, 3rd pers. -ht, -ax imp. h t o? English. EomeJi ji,omjxh, h mh ne
to mean noexajiH 3a ropo^. It began to rain
Hto 3HaqHT 9T0 CJIOBO? What does and we didn't go to the country.
word mean? 3x0 HH^ero He
this HPOJIIKA /., gen. pi. -ok needle
It means nothing.
3HaHHT. JX&u MHe nrojiKy c htixkoh. Give me
3HAH|0K m., gen. -Ka badge a needle and some thread. FpaMMO-
yHHBepcHTeTCKHH 3HaH0K. A uni- ^OHHaa nroJiKa. A
gramophone
versity badge. Sna^oK
Typiicxa needle. HroJiKH na ejiKe. Fir needles,
CCCP. The badge of tourist of the HFPA /., pi. nrpbi game; playing
USSR. 06MeHHBaxbCH BHaHKawH. 1. HnxepecHan nrpa. An interest-
To exchange badges. ing game. HacxojibHafl nrpa. A
30JI0T0 neut., no pi. gold tablegame.
Hhcxob sojioxo. Pure gold. J[o6u- 2. Mrpa na CKpHnKe. Playing the
Baxb SOJIOXO. To mine gold. 3anjia- violin.
xiixb aoJioxoM. To pay in gold. 3. Hrpa b $yx66ji. Playing foot-
<0> He Bce to sojioxo, hto Sjibc- ball.
THT (proverb). All that glitters nrpAlTB, -10, -emb, -kdx imp./ p. cut-
isn't 0old. pajxb, -K), -emb, -lox
30JI0T|0fl, -an, -6e, -ue gold 1. to play. ^exH nrpaiox b napKO.
1. gold. BoJioxaH MOHexa, A gold Tl^e children are playing in the
coin. SoJioxbie nacu. A gold park. R
nrpaio c 6paxoM. I play
watch. with my brother.
2. fig.: 3oJiox6fi ^eJioBeK. A won- 2. b H X 6? to play. Hrpaxb b
derful man. 6acKex66ji, b (|)yx66Ji, b BOJien-
O Sojioxafl cepBAHna. The golden 66 Jr, B maxMaxH. To play bas-
mean. ket-ball, football, volley-ball,
30HTHK m. umbrella chess.
PacKpiixb BOHXHK. To open an um- 3. Ha HeM? to play. Hrpaxb na
brella. OHaHHHO, Ha CKpiIHKe, Ha TH-
3PEHHE neut. eyesight xape. To play the piano, the
Xoporaee apeHne. Good eyesight. violin, the guitar.
<>• To^Ka A
point of view.
speHHfl. 4. H X 0? to play. Hrpaxb Bajibc.
C TO^iKii apennfl Kor6-JiH5o. From To play a waltz, k o r 6? Hr-
somebody's point of view. paxb Bopiica FoAyHOBa. To play
3PflTEJIb m. spectator Boris Godunov.
TeaxpaJibHWH spiixejib. A theatre- <> 3to iirpaex Gojibinyio pojib.
goer. B aaJie mhofo apHxejieii. It's of great importance 3x0 lie
.

There are many spectators in the hall. nrpaex pojiii. It's of no importance.
3PH adv. for nothing HFPyjUlKA f.,gen. pi. -en toy
3pH xpaxHXb BpeMH. To waste time. J],excKHe nrpymKH. Children's toys.
3pH roBopiiXb. To speak to no HAEH /.
purpose. 3pH ne CecnoKOHxecbl 1. idea. EepeAOBwe hack namero
Don't worry unnecessarily/ BpeMeHH. Advanced ideas of our
3yB m., pi. 3j'6bi, 3y66B tooth time.
y Meiia SoJiHx 3y6Li. Fve got a idea. Hach npoH3BeAeHHH. The
2.
toothache. idea of a literary work.
<> FoBopHTb (cKaaaTb) ckbosb HJ^iTfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past meji, mji|a,
aySbi. To speak through clenched -0, -H imp.
teeth. 1. Ky^a? oxKy^a? to go. H^xh
B pecxopaH. To go to a restau-
n, H rant. Haxh Ha HOHxy. To go to
the post-office. Hath h3 xeaxpa
H conf. and AOMOH. To go home from the
Maxb H oxen,. Mother and Father. theatre. Hath k 6paxy. To go
Mu roBopiiM no-pyccKH h no-anr- to one's brother. Haxh Sticxpo.
H3 49 H3M

To go quickly. \\ji,TU neniKoM. H3BHHIl|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-

To walk. to? / />. H3BHH|lixb, -K), -limb, -HX
2. to go. Hath ryjiHTB. To go for to excuse
a walk, fl HAY b khho. / am H3BHHMxe MeHH, HOJKajiyficxa. Ex-
going to the cinema. cuse me, please.
3. to go. IIoeaA H^ex GwcTpo. H3BHH}JlTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -loxca
The train is going fast. imp. p. H3BHH|HXbCH, -lOCb, -Hmb-
I
4. to go. ^opora hagt jigcom. The CH, -axcfl to apologise
road goes through a forest. Oh H3BHHHjicfl nepeAO mhoh aa
5.: ^acLi H^yT xopomo. The watch AOJiroe MOJinaHHe. He apologised
(clock) keeps good time. to me for his long silence.
H^eT aojkab. It is raining. VLj^ot
6.: H3J1|AJIEKA adv. from far away
CHer. It is snowing. Hjjjqt rpa^. npnexaxb nsAajieKa. To come from
It is hailing. far away.
7.:KaK H^yT j^ejia? How are things? H3-3A prep, -j- gen.
>KH3Hb HABT. Life goes on. Bpe- from behind. H3-3a .neca rioKa-
1.
Mfl HAGT. Time is passing. Pa- aajiacb Jiyna. The m^on came
66Ta H^eT. Work is in progress. out from behind the forest.
8. to be on. CeroAHfl b Teaxpe 2. from. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxojia. To
h^St HOBaff nbeca. There is a get up from the table.
new play on at the theatre, today. 3- because of. H3-3a ao?ka» mli ne
9. to become. 3to njiaxbe BaM noexaJiH na nporyjiKy. Because of
HAex. This dress becomes you. the rain we didn't go for a drive.
IO.iIIaxh k n;eJiH. To try to achieve H3MEHEHHE neut. change
one's goal. H3MeHeHHH B >KH3HH. Changes in
<> Hath Ha bcc. To go to any life. HaMGHeHHe b pacnncaHnH. A
length. He hact h3 yMa («it6-:ih6o). change in the time-table.B cxpaiie
Not to be able to get (something) npoH3omjiH Sojibmiie ii3MeHeHiiH.
out of one's head. rojiOBa iiagt Great changes have taken place in
KpvroM. My
head is in a whirl. the country.
H3 (H30) prep. -^ gen. H3MEHflTb see H3MEHHTb
1. out of. BbmxH H3 KOMHaxH. To go H3MEHIiTbCfl seeH3MEHHTbCH &
(come) out of the room. Bbiexaxb MEHHTbCH
H3 ropoAa. To drive out of the H3MEH>l|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp. /
town. p. H3MeHHXb, H3MeHl6, II3MeHHmb,
2. from. lOnoma na A$phkh. A iiaMeHHX
youth from Africa. 1. H T 0? to alter. HaMeHwxb njian.
3. of. HeKOXopwe hb Hac. Some of To alter a plan.
us. Oahh H3 cxyAGHXOB. One of 2. K o M y? H e M y? to betray, to be
the students. unfaithful. HaivieHMTb cxpane.
4. (made) of. Kocxiom h3 mepcxn. A To betray one's country. HaMennxb
woollen costume. TKene. To be unfaithful to one's
H3BECTHE neut. wife.
1. news. IIpnHXHoe n3BecxHe. H3MEHHlTbCH, -locb, -embca, -lox-
Pleasant news. CH imp./ p. HaMennxbCfl, H3MeHi6cb,
2. news. IIocjieAHHe HSBecxna. The H3MeHHmbCH, HaMeHHXCH to change
latest news. HaMeuHJiCfl bha ropoAa. The ap-
pearance of the city has changed.
H3B£CTH|blH, -an, -oe, -bie, short
Bbi oneHb H3MeHiiJiHCb. You've
form H3BecxeH, H3BecxH|a, -o, -bi;
changed a lot. (cf. MEHHXbCH)
adv. H3BecxH0 well-known
H3BecxHBiH yneHWH. A well-known
H3MEPHTb see H3MEPHTb
scientist. 3x0 Bceivi nsBecxno. Every-
H3MEPHlTb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.
body knows that.
H X 0? /p. H3Mep|HXb, -K), -Hmb, -HT
to measure
H3BHHflTB see H3BHHIlTb HaMepnxb JiJiauy KoMHaxH. To
H3BHHHTbCH see H3BHHHTbCH measure the length of a room.
4—4002
H30 50 HHT

HsMepHTb TeMnepaxj^py. To take Vladimir. KaK Barae iimh? WhaVs

one's temperature. your name?
H30BPA5KAlTb, -w, -emb, -k)t imp. <> BMCTynaxb ot hmchh kopo-jih-
HTO?//?. H306pa|3HTb, -Hty, -3Hmb, 5o. To speak on somebody's behalf.
-3HT to represent Bii6jinoTeKa HMeHH JlenHna. The
^t6 bh H3c6pa3'/uiH Ha axoH Kap- Lenin library.
THHe? What did you represent in HHAHE
that picture? 1. adv. in a different way. 3xoHa-
AO cji;ejiaxb HHane. This should
H30BPA3flTI> see H30BPAHCATb be done in a different way.
H30BPECTfl see HSOBPETATb
H30BPETAITb, -ro, -erab, -k)t imp.
2. conj. (or) else. Hau 6bicxpee,
HHaqe xh ono3Aaemb. Go faster,
^ T 0? /p. H3o6pecTH, H3o6peT|y,
or else you'll be late.
-enib, -yT, past H3o6peJi, H3o6peji|a,
-6, -H to invent
HHJKEHEP m. engineer
FopHWH HHJKeHep. A mining engi-
HsoSpecTii HOByio Mamimy. To
vent a new machine.
in-
neer. MoH oxeu HHJKeHep.— My
father is an engineer. Pa66xaxb hh-
H3-nOA prep. -\- gen. HtenejOM. To work as an engineer.
1. from under. KoniKa BumJia h3- IIHO^J^A adv. sometimes
nojs, CTOJia. The cat came from HnorAa oh npnxoAHJi aomoh n63A-
under the table. HO. Sometimes he came home late.
2. from a place near some other HHOCTPAH|EI^ m., ^e/z. -ua foreigner
place, npnexaxb H3-noA JlenaH- B rocxHHHue HtHBex MHoro nno-
rpaaa. To come from near Lenin- cxpaHn;eB. Many foreigners live in
grad. the hotel.
H3yHA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.^jo? HHOCTPAHHlblK, -an, -oe, -Lie
Ko r 6? / p. H3yqiixb, H3y»iy, nay- foreign
HHrab, H33^iax to study HHOcxpaHHLie H3Ukh. Foreign lan-
Hsyqaxb pyccKHii H3wk. To study guages. MHHHcxepcxBo HHOcxpan-
Russian. Ilsy^axb npo6JieMy. To HMX AGJi. The Ministry of Foreign
study a problem. Affairs.
H3yHnTb see H3yqATb HHCTHTS^T m. institute
flJIH con J. or GxpOHxeJibHWH HHCXHxyx. A build-
BamixHH naqnyxcH saBxpa ijjih ing institute. YHHXbCH b HHCXHxy-
nocjie3aBTpa. The lessons start to- xe. To study at an institute. Tlo-
morrow or the day after. Oh ^oMa cxyHHXb B HHCXHxyx. To enter an
iiJiH Hex? Is he at home or not? J\r institute. HayHHO-HCCJieAOBaxeJib-
iiJiH Hex? Yes or no? CKHH HHCXHxyx. A
research insti-
flMEHHO particle precisely, just tute.
MMeHHO Bbi MHe Hy>KHM. You are
just the one I need.
HHCTPyMEHT m. instrument
XHpyprHiecKHe HHCxpj'Menxbi. Sur-
^ Box HMeHHO. Exactly.
gical Instruments. My3biKaJibHbiH
HMElTb, -K>, -erab, -lox imp. Koro? HHCxpyMeHX. A musical instrument.
H X o? to have
HMexb MHoro BpeMenn ^jih aaHH- HHTEJIJIHr£HU[Ha /., no pi. in-
XHH. To have a lot of time for telligentsia
one's studies. HMexb B03M6JKHOcxb MnxeJiJiHreHitHfl cxpaHbi. The coun-
nocexHXb BMCxaBKy, To be able to try's intelligentsia.
visit the exhibition. HMexb 3Ha^e- HHTEPfX m.
HHe. To be of importance. 1. interest. BoJibmoH HHxepec, A
HMnEPHAJIIlCTHqECKlHfl, -an, -oe, great interest. GJiyraaxb c hh-
-He imperialist xepecoM. To listen with interest.
flMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. hmchh, 2. usu. pi. interests. KjiaccoBue
ace. HMH, instr. HMeHGM; pi. HMe- HHxepecH. Class interests. 3a-
Ha, hmbh, HMenaM, etc. name mnnjaxb cbou HHxepecH. To
Moe HMH —
BjiaAHMHp, name is My defend one's own interests.
HHT 51 Hcn

HHTEPECHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short form HCKpenen, HCKpeHH|a, -o, -h;
form HHTepeceH, HHTepecHja, -o, adv.HCKpenne sincere, frank
-h; adv. HHTepecHo HcKpeHHHH HeJiOBCK. A sincere per-
1. interesting. HHTepecHtiH ^hjibm. son. HcKpeHHHH oTBer. A frank
An interesting film. HHiepeCHafl answer. CKaJKHTe HCKpenne. Tell
KHHra. An interesting hook. Mh me frankly.
HHTepecHo npoBejiPi BpeMH. HCKyCCTBEHHlbin, -aa. -oe, -Lie
We've had an interesting time. artificial
3to oqenb HHxepecHO. IV s very HcKyccTBeHHoe bojiokho. Artifi-
interesting. cial fibre. HcKyccTBeHHUH raeJiK.
2. adv., predic. impers. often trans- Artificial silk.
lated by towonder. MuTepecHo, HCKKCTBO neut.
npHe^eT jih oh? / wonder wheth- 1. art. HaoSpaaiiTeJibHbie hckvc-
er he will come. CTsa. Imitative arts. HcKyccTBO
HHTEPECjOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT HapoAHwx MacTepoB. The art of
imp. K o r 6? ^ t o? to interest folk masters.
Ero HHTepecyeT HtHBonncL. He is 2. art.HcKyccTBo nrpw na rHTape.
interested in painting. Mena HHTe- The art of playing the guitar.
pecyeT TexHHKa. / am interested in HcKyccTBo mHTba. The art of
technology. sewing.
HHTEPEClOBATBCH, -yiocb, -yemb- HCnOJIHHTb see HCHOJIHilTb
ca, -yioTca imp. KeM? qeM? to HCnOJIHUlTb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp.
be interested HTO HCnOJIHlHTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT
? / /?.
HHTepecoBaTbca JiHTepaTypoH h hc- 1. to perform, to play. HcnoJinaTb
KyccTBOM. To be interested in litera- MyaHKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a
ture and art. musical piece. HcnoJiHaTb poJib.
HCKATb, nmy, nn^enib, iimyT imp. / To play a part.
p. HanlTH, -Ay, -Aenib, -^yT 2. to fulfil. Bh He MOFJiH 6li hc-
1. Koro? ^To? to look for. Hc- HOJIHHTb MOIO Up6cb6y? Could
KETb cBoero Apyra. To be look- you comply with my request?
ing for one's friend. HcKaTb HCnOJIb3|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT
HJiaTOK. To look for one's hand- imp. & /?. K r 6? ^ t o? to make
kerchief. Kto HmeT, TOT Bcerfl;a use of
HaH;i;eT, Seek and you shall HcHOJibsoBaTb cneuHaJiHCTOB. To
find. make use of specialists McnoJibao- .

2. fig. ^ T 0? or Hero? to look BaTb BpeMH. To make use of one's

for, to seek. HcKaTb paSoxy. To time.
look for a Job. HcKaxb npaBAH. HCnPABHTb see HCDPABJIilTb
To seek the truth. McKaTb HCnPABJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.
CHacTba. To seek happiness. nTO? / p. HCnpa|BHTb, -BJIK), -BHHIb,
HCKJIfOHAlTb, -K), -enib, -iot imp. -BHT to correct
KOrc? HTO?//?. HCKJIK)q|HTb, -y, HcnpaBHTb omH6Ky. To correct a
-Hmb, -aT to expel mistake.
HCKJIIOHUTb CTy^eHTa H3 HHCTHTy- HCnyrAlTbCH, -rocb, -embca, -iotch
Ta. To expel a student from the in- jo. K r 6? H e r 6? to be frightened
stitute. MajibHHK HcnyraJica. The boy got
HCKJIIOHEHHE neut. exception frightened. Oh HCnyraJica, hto He
3to HCKJiiOHeHHe H3 npaBHJia. This XBaTHT BpeMCHH. He was afraid
is an exception to the rule. HeT that he would not have enough time.
npaBHJi 6e3 HCKJno^eHHa. There are Oh HcnyraJica rpoMa. He was
no rules without exceptions. afraid of the thunder.
<> 3a HCKJiioqeHHeM Mena, Bce HCnblTAHIlE neut. testing
6biJiH HE CTaAHone. Everybody was HcnHTaane MamHHH. l^he testing
at the stadium, except me. of a machine. HcnwraHHa aTOMHO-
HCKJIIOHfiTb see HCKJIIOHATb ro opyjKHa. The testing of an atom-
KCKPEHHlHB, -mi, -ee, -ne, short ic weapon.
 . .

HCT m KAK

HCT0Pfl4ECK|Hfl, -aH, -oe, -He came to see his friend. HpHeawaH

1. history. llcTopuqecKHH ^aKyjib- K HaMi Come and see us!
Tex. The history department. 3. by. Hajio npniixH k ceMii HacaM
2. HcTopHHecKiie naMHx-
historical. Benepa. You must come by sev-
HHKH. Historical monuments. en o'clock in the evening.
3. historic. HcTopri^ecKafl aaxa. An 4. to. BnepeA, k no6eAe! Forward,
historic date. to victory!

HCTOPHH /.
KABHHET m.
1. no pi. history. HcxopiiH pasBH- 1. study. PaGo^HH KaGnnex. A
BaexCH no cbohm saKonaM. History study.
develops according to its own laws. 2.:Ka6HHex Bpana. A doctor's con-
HcxopiiH j^peBHero Mwpa. The sulting-room, a surgery.
history of antiquity. McxopHH KAj^Pbl no sing, cadres
H3HKa. The history of a lan- TexHitqecKHC KaApw. Technical
guage. cadres.
2. story. Oh yMeex paccKaausaxb KAH«mblfl, -an, -oe, -we
HHxepecHwe ncxopHn. He can 1. every. KajK^biii jieuh. Everyday.
tell interesting stories. Kamjxyio ueAeJiio mh xo^hm b
HCTPATHTb see TPATHTb xeaxp. We go to the theatre every
week. J]|oBOAHXb KajK^oe ;i,ejio Ao
HdE3A|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
KOHU,a. To see every fob through.
p. HC^esHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past
2. J0ed as n. everyone. 3xo KaJK-
HCHea, -Jia, -jio, -jih
jiuik 3Haex. Everyone knows that.
1. to disappear. GaMOJiex ncMes b
oSJianax. The plane disappeared
KAHCETCH paren. word it seems
Oh, Ka>KexcH, npaB. He seems to
in the clouds.
be right. KawexcH, oh 6hji aobo-
2. to cease. BoJib nc^eajia. The
Jien. He seemed to be pleased.
pain has gone.
HCHESATb KASyVTbCH, Ka>Kycb, KaJKenibCH, Ka-
HCH£3H|yTb see
myTCH. imp. / p. noKaaaxbcn, noKa-
HTAK conj. so >Kycb, noKawenibCH, noKajKyxcfl
HxaK, pemenne npimaxo. So the
1 K e M? u e M? K a K H M? to seem
decision has been taken. TopoA MHe noKaaaJiCH o^eub
HX poss. prnn. their, theirs KpacPiBHM. The town seemed very
Hx npcAJiojKeHHe 6lijio npaBHJib- beautiful to me.
hmm. Their proposal was right. dra 2. impers. to seem. Mne KawexcH,
KOMHaxa HX. This room is theirs. fl ycneio BLinojiHHXb pa66xy. It
IIlDJIb m., no pi. July seems to me that I shall manage
B Hiojie cxy/i,eHX0B KaHiiKyjiH.
y to do the work. Mne noKaaaJiocb,
The students have their holidays in Hxo OH ycxaJi. He looked very
July. Cer6;;Hfl 25 hiojih. Today is tired to me.
the 25th of July. On npne;Aex 28-ro KA3H|flTb, -10, -Hmb, -nx imp. & p.
HioJifl. He will come on July 28. K o r 6? to execute
IIlDHb m., no pi. June KasHHXb npecxynHHKa. To execute
B HEone cxy;i,eHXbi CAawxaKaaMenbi. a criminal.
Students take their exams in June. KAK
1. adv. how. KaK WHBexe? How
are you getting on? KaK H^yx
K, K ACJia? How are things going? R
3Haio, KaK npoexaxb b uenxp. /
K (KO) prep.+dat. know how to get to the centre.
1. to, up to. EoAOHXif K AOMy. To KaK BH CKaaaJiH? What did you
approach the house. On no;];omeJi say?
K xoBapnnzy. He went up to his 2. conf . like. Ee rJiaaa 6lijih KaK
friend. HAHxe k aocKe. Come Mope. Her eyes were like the
(go) to the blackboard. sea.
2. to. Oh npnexaJi k flpyry. He ^ KaK 3T0 HH cxpaHHO... However
KAK 53 KAP

strange it may seem... 51 qyBCT- KAHflKYJIbl no sing, holidays

Bvio ce5fl 3Aecb, KaK ^OMa. / 3HMHHe KaHHKyjiw. Winter holidays.
feel at home here. JlexHHe KaHHKyJiM. Summer hol-
KAK-HHBS^AL adv. somehow idays. Bo BpeMH KaHHKyji. Dur-
Haflo KaK-HH6yflB noMOHb eMy. We ing the holidays. B KaHHKyJiH oh
must help him somehow. ox^bixaex. He has a rest during his
KAK|Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne holidays.
1. what, KanaH
cer6ji;HH noro^a? KAnHTAJlfl3M m. capitalism
What is the weather like today? KAnHTAJIHCTflHECKIHfl, -an, -oe,
KaKyio MysHKy bh JiroSHxe? -He capitalist
What sort of music do you like? KanHxaJiHcxHHecKHii cxpoii. The
KaKoe ceroAHH hhcjio? What is capitalist system.
the date today? KaKoii ceroAHfl KAHHTAH m. captain
fl;eHbHeaeJiH?What day of the KannxaH AaJibHero njiaBaHHH. A
KaK we UBexbi bli
week is today? sea-going captain. Kannxan $yx-
xoTHTe KynHTb? What flowers do 66JibHOH KOMaHflbi. The captain of
you want to buy? a football team.
2. what KaKofixopomnH ^eHbl
(a). KAII|JIH /., gen. pi. -ejib
What a fine day! KaKan Kpaco- 1. drop. Kanjifl jkiiakocxh. drop A
xa! What beauty! of a liquid. KanJiH ji<dmj\A. A
KAKlOfl (-an, -6e, -ike) -HHB^Ab any raindrop.
^anxe mhc KaKyio-HH6yAb KHiiry. 2, no sing, drops. Kynnxb nanjin
Give me any book. B anxeKe. To buy some drops at
KAKlOfl -He)-TO some
(-an, -de. a chemist's.
Bac cnparaHBaex KaKoft-xo Mywqii- KAnyCTA /., no pi. cabbage
Ha. A man is asking for you. KnJiorpaMM Kanycxw. A kilogramme
KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhat of cabbage.
To, Hxo XH cKaaaji, naK-xo hchcho. <> KHCJiafl Kanycxa. Sauerkraut.
What you said is somehow not li[BeTHafl Kanycxa. Cauliflower.
clear. KAPAHAAin m., gen.-§i pencil
KAJIEH/^AP|B m,, gen. -A calendar IJ,BexHbie KapaHflamH. Coloured pen-
HacxoJibHHH KaJieHAapb. A desk cils. PncoBaxbKapaHAamoM. To draw
calendar. OxpHBHoii KajieHAapb. A with a pencil.
tear-off calendar.
KAMEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He stone
KAPMAH m. pocket
Bbmyxb nJiaxoK H3 KapMana. To
1. KaMeHHMH AOM. stone house. A take one's handkerchief out of
2. fig. KaMeHHoe cep^i^e. heart A one's pocket. noJioHiHXb ^eHbrn b
of stone. money
KapMaH. To put in one's
<0> KaMCHHWH yrojib. Coal.
pocket.
KAMIEHB m., gen. -hh stone
<> Oh aa cjiobom b KapMan ne no-
BojibmoH KaMeHb. A large stone. He has a ready tongue.
jieacT.
BpocHXb KaMeHb, To throw a stone.
flparoiieHHbie KaMHH. Precious KAPTA /.

stones. 1. map. IIoJiHxii^ecKaH Kapxa mh-

<> HaniJia Koca na KaMeHb (prov- pa. A
political map of the world.
erb). Cf, Diamond cut diamond. 2. card. Hrpaxb b KapxH. To play
KAHAJI m. canal cards.
OpocHTeJibHMH Kanaji. An irrigation KAPTflHA /.
canal. Exaxb no KanaJiy. To sail 1. picture. npeKpacHan KapxHHa.
along a canal. A beautiful picture. XyAOJKHHK
KAH^^HAAT m. nnmex Kapxiiny. The artist is
1. candidate. KaHAHaax b ^enyxaxH painting a picture.
BepxoBHoro CoBexa. A candidate 2. fig. scene. KapxHna npHpoAW.
to the Supreme Soviet. A scene of nature.
2. candidate. Kan^HAax nayK. Mas- KAPTOOEJIB m., no pi. {colloq. Kap-
ter of science. xomKa) potatoes
KAC 54 KJIA

KACA|TbCH, -locb, -emBCH, -iotch kilogrammes of sugar. KaJiorpaMM

imp. Koro? Her6?//>. KOCHlyxb- Mflca.A kilogramme of meat.
CH, -ycb, -embCH, -yTca KHJIOMETP m. kilometre
1. KocHyTbcH seMJiH py-
to touch. CKOJIbKO KHJIOMexpOB flO TOpOfla?
KOH. To touch the ground with How many kilometres is it to the
the hand. town?
2. fig. to touch upon, to concern. KHHO neut., indecl.
/l,0KJiaA^HK KocnyjicH Bonpoca o 1. cinema. Ycnexn khho. The suc-
noJiOJKGHHH B CTpBHe. The speak- cess of the cinema.
er touched upon the situation in 2. colloq. film. GMOxpexb khho.
the country. 3to mghh ne Kaca- To see a film. Tw CMoxpeJi
excH. That doesnt concern me. 3X0 KHHO? Have you seen this
KACCA /. cash-desk film?
IIJiaTHTb ;;eHbrH b Kaccy. To pay the 3. colloq. cinema. H^xh b khho. To
money at the cash-desk. go to the cinema.
<> CSeperaxejibHaH Ksicca. Savings KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cin-
hank. ema
KACTPlOJIfl /. saucepan B MocKBe MHoro KHHoxeaxpoB? Are
KATAlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch there many cinemas in Moscow?
imp. Ha q e M?: KaxaTbCH ua ji6;i;- KHHOOflJIbM m. see OHJIbM
Ke. To boating. KaxaxbCH na
go KHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand
JiuH^ax. To go skiing. KaxaxbCfl na Fa^XHUH KHOCK. A news-stand.
KOHbKax. To go skating. Kyniixb jKypnaji b khocko. To buy
<> JIi65iimb Kaxaxbcfl jiio5h h — a magazine at a news-stand.
caHoqKii BOSHTb (proverb). Cf. No KHniETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
sweet without some sweat. 3rd pers. -iix, -hx imp. to boil
KA^ECTBO neut. quality Bo^a khhhx. The water is boiling.
KaqecTBO pa66xbi. The quality of Mojioko khhiix. The milk is boiling.
work. EpoAyKUHH BucoKoro Ka^ecx- KHPnflH w., gen. -a brick
Ba. High-quality output. KflCJIIblS, -an, -oe, -He, short form
KAniA /. porridge KHceji, KHCJia, khcji|o, -h; adv.
ManuaH Kama. Semolina pudding. KiicJio sour
FpeHHeBan Kama. Buckwheat por- Kncjioe hCjioko. A
sour apple.
ridge. <> Kncjiafl Kanycxa. Sauerkraut.
KADIIEJIIj m., gen. -jih cough KJIACCi m. class
y MCHH ciijibHMii KameJib. / have PadoHHii KJiacc. The working class.
a bad cough. KJIACC2 m.
KAinJIHITb, -K), -enib, -iot to cough 1. grade. VHiixbCH b nepBOM KJiac-
BojibHoH ciiJibHo Kamjinex. The To be in (to be a pupil in)
ce.
sick man coughs badly. the first grade.
KBA/^PATH IblH, -afl, -oe, -ue square 2. classroom. B uameM KJiacce
KBaflpaxnafl KOMnaxa. A square OHenb Hiicxo. Our classroom is
room. very clean.
KBAPTAJI m. 3. class. Ham KJiacc oqenb flpy)K-
1. block, district. Hobmu ropo^CKon HbiH. We are all friends in our
KBapxaJi. A
new city district. class.
2. quarter. B xpexbeM KBapxaJie KJlACCOBIblfi, -an, -oe, -ue class
3xoro rd^a Spurafla paCoxaJia KJiaccoBan 6opb6^. The class strug-
0XJi«HH0. In the third quarter of gle. KjiaccoBMe npOXHBOp^HHH.
this year the brigade worked very Class contradictions.
well. KJIACTb, KJiaAly, -emb, -yx, past
KBAPTKPA /. flat KJiaji, KJiaJi|a, -o, -h imp. Kor6?
TpexKOMuaxHafl KBapxiipa. A three- ^ X 0? Ha H X 6?/ p. noJioJKiixb, no-
room flat. jiowy, HOJiojKHrab, HOJioJKax to
KHJIOPPAMM m. kilogramme place, to put
Ilflxb KHJiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five Kjiacxb KHHry na cx6ji. To put the
KJIE 55 KOJI

book on the table. IIoJiojKHTb caxap KoacA /.

B nan. To put sugar in the tea. 1. skin. KojKa JiHua. The skin of the
<» nOJIOHCHTb HanaJIO BOBOMy 36- face. I^Bex k6>kh. Complexion.
jiy. To lay the foundation for some- 2. leather. HeMo^aH h3 k6?kh. A
thing new. leather suitcase.
KJIETIKA /., gen. pi. -ok KOHCAHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He leather
1. cage. KynHTb KJieiKy ajih hthi^. Komauum neuojxau. A
leather suit-
To buya bird cage. case. Komanoe Kpecjio. leather A
2. squared, check. TeTpaj;b b kjict- arm-chair. KojKaHHe xy(|)JiH. Leath-
Ky. A
squared copy-book. Maxe- er shoes.
piiaJi B KJiexKy. Check material. KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausage
3. cell. Kon^enaH KOJiSaca. Smoked sausage.
<> FpyAHaH KJieTKa. The thorax. Bapenan K0Ji6aca. Boiled sau-
KJIflMAT m. climate sage. Byxep6p6A c KOJi6ac6H. A
MopcKOH KJiHMaT. A maritime cli- sausage sandwich.
mate. MHrKHii KJiiiMaT. A mild KOJIEBATbCH, KOJie6ji|iocb, -embca,
climate. -lOxcH imp.
KJiyB m. 1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
club
tremble. JliicxbH ^epeBbeB K0Jie6-
PaSoHHH KJiy6. A workers' club. B
jiioxcH ox Bexpa. The leaves of
KJiySe cer6fl;HH TaHD;bi. There is a
the trees are trembling in the
dance at the club today.
wind.
KJIK)^ m., gen. -a 2.1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
1. key. Oh noxepHJi kjiioh ot KBap- fluctuate. U^euu na ptiHKe KOJieS-
THpM. He has lost the key to his JIIOXCH. The prices on the market
flat. SanepeTb ji;Bepb na kjiioh. fluctuate.
To lock the door. 3. to hesitate. Kojie6axbCH b onen-
2. fig. clue Ke HejioBeKa. To hesitate in as-
KHflrA book
/. sessing a person.
^Hxaxb KHtiry. To read a book. KOJIEH|0 neut., pi. -n knees
KHflHClKA /., gen. pi. -eK dim. of noca^HTb peGeHKa na kojichh. To
KHHra book. put a child on one's lap. MajibHHK
J]|excKafl KHHJKKa. A children's CH^eJi Ha KOJieHHX y Maxepn, The
book. boy was on his mother's lap. Cxoaxb
<> SanncHafl KHHHfKa. Note-book. Ha KOJieHHX, To be kneeling
KHflmniblfl, -an, -oe, Lie book KOJIECO neut., pi. KOJieca wheel
KHiijKHafl nojiKa. A bookshelf. KoJieco MamiiHH. A wheel of a
Khiijkhhh mKa(|). A bookcase. Khhjk- machine.
Hbiii MaraaiiH. bookshop. A KOJIflHECTBO neut. quantity
KOB|EP m,, gen.
-pa carpet KojiMHecxBo BO AM B SacceHHc. The
MarKHH KOBep, soft carpet. A quantity of water in a swimming-
KOr^A adv. pool.
1. when. Kor^a xh npHAerab jio- KOJIJIEKTflB m. collective body
Moii? Whenyou come home?
will ^pyjKHWH KOJiJieKXHB. A united
2. when. H kofa^ oh npn-
sHaio, collective. Kojijickxhb ^a6pHKH.
e^ex. / know when he comes. Kor- The collective of a factory.
jxa KOHHHfflb pa66xy, npHxoAii KOJIJIEKTflBHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He
KO MHe. Come and see me when collective
you have finished your work. KoJiJieKXHBHHH AoroBop. A collec-
KOrAA-HHBS'J^b adv. some day tiveagreement. KojiJieKXiiBHoe xo-
KoTjia.-Hii6yji,h xh BcnoMHHmb 06 SHHCXBO. A collective farm.
.^XHX cJioBax. Some day you will KOJIOHHAJIbHiblH, -an, -oe, -He
remember these words. colonial
KOrj^A-TO adv. some time ago KoJiOHHajiLHHii pejKHM. A colonial
H 6hji xaM Kor^a-xo. / was there regime. KoJionnaJibHaH noJiHXHKa.
some time ago. A colonial policy.
 .

KOJI 56 KOH

KOJIOHHH /. colony 3a. The Central Committee of the

HapoAM KOJIOHHH. The peoples of Communist Party of the Soviet
the colonies. Union. HcnojiHUxeJibHHH KOMnxex.
KOJIOHHA /. An executive committee.
1.column. 3aji c Cgjimmh kojioh- K0MMyHfl3M m., no pi. commu-
HBMH. A hall with white columns. nism
2. column. KoJioHHa cnopTCMeHon. CxpoHXb KOMMyHPiSM. To buHd com-
A column uf sportsmen. munism.
KOJIX03 m. collective farm KOMMyHflCT m. Communist
IlepeAOBOH kojixos. A foremost CoK)3 KOMMyHHCXOB. The Union of
collective farm. Pa66TaTb b koji- Communists IlapxHH KOMMyHwcxoB.
.

xoae. To work on a collective farm. A Communist Party.

K0JIX03HHK m. collective farmer KOMMyHHCTflqECKIHfl, -an, -oe,
KojixosHHKH ySnpaioT ypo>KaH. -ne
The collective farmers are gather- 1. communist. KoMMyHHCxiWecKaH
ing in the harvest. napxHH CoBexcKoro Coroaa. The
KOJIX03HlHfl, -an, -oe, -ue of a Communist Party of the Soviet
farm
collective Union.
KoJixosHan c66cTBeHHOCTb. Collec- 2. communist. Bpnraaa KOMMyHHC-
tive-farm property. xiiHecKoro xpy^a. A brigade of
KOJIbl^O neut., pi. K6JIb^a, KOJiei^, Communist Labour.
KOJibqaM, etc. KOMHATA /. room
1. ring. BojiOToe KOJibu;©. A gold Ho Ban KOMHaxa. A new room. Gsex-
ring. JiaH KOMHaxa. A bright room. B
2. circle. Exaxb no KOJibny. To go KOMHaxe xenjio. It is warm in the
on a train servicing the Circle room
Line (in the Moscow underground K0Mn03flT0P m. composer
railway). HaBecxHHH KOMnoaiixop. A well-
KOMAHAA /. team known composer.
OyiSoJibHaH KOMaH^a. A football KOMCOMOJI m. the Young Com-
team. munist League
KOMAHJ^flP m. commander KOMCOMOIJIEI^ m., gen. -JIb^a Young
KoMaHfl;i4p noJiKa. A regiment com- Communist Leaguer
mander. KoMaHAiip napiHsaHCKoro Akxiibhwh KOMCOMOJieu;. An active
OTpHfla. The commander of a guer- Young Communist Leaguer. Ha
rilla detachment. cxpoHKax paSoxaex mhofo komco-
KOMAH/^IOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT M6Jibn;eB. Many Young Communist
imp.^ K e M? q e M? to command Leaguers work at the construction
KoMaHjtoBaxb apMneii. To command
an army. KOMCOMOJIbCKlHn, -an, -oe, -ne
KOMBAflH m. combine Young Communist League
VrojibHbiii K0M6aHH. A coal mining KoMCOMOJibCKHH 6HJiex. A Ycung
combine. Communist League (membership)
KOMBHHAT m. mill, plant card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe co6paHHe. A
Oh paSoxaex na 6yMa>KH0M kom6h- Y.C.L. meeting.
Haie. He works at a paper mill. KOHBEPT m. envelope
<> KoMGnnaT SwTOBoro o5cJiyacH- KyHHXb KOHBepx. To buy an enve-
BaHHH. A personal service establish- lope. 3aKJieHXb KOHBepx. To seal an
ment. envelope.
KOMflCCHH /. commission KOH|E^ m., gen. -ni end
IIpHeMHaH KOMPiccHH, A selection KoHen; KHnrn. The end of the book.
commission. HaGHpaxejibHaH ko- <> B KOHi;e KOHi^OB. At last, at
MHCCHH. An election commission. the end. IIojiowHTb KOHeii, qeiwy-
KOMHTET m. committee JII160. To put an end to something.
I^eHxpaJibHHH KoMHxex KoMMynnc- CBO^HTb KOHUU C KOHI^aMH. To
xHHecKOH napxHH CoBexcKoro Coio- make both ends meet.
KOH 57 KOC

KOHEHHO [niH] KOHbKfl pi., sing, kohck m., gen.

1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, ko- KOHbKa skates
HeHHO, snaemb 06 3T0M . You cer- BeroBBie KOHbK[i. Racing skates.
tainly know that. KaxaxbCH na KOiibKax. To skate.
2. particle of course. Tu
noHflemt KOnE|flKA /., gen. copeck
pi. -en
B KHHO? — KoHCHHo! ''Will you (the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 of
go to the cinema?" ''Of course!" a rouble).
KOHCEPBIM pi., no sing., gen. -ob OAHa KoneHKa. One copeck. J^Be
food preserves KoneHKH. Two copecks. ITflXb ko-
OBomHLie KOHCepBti. Canned vege- neeK. Five copecks.
tables. MflCHHe KOHCepBH. Canned KOPABJIIb m., gen. -a ship
meat. Fhi6uue KOHcepBH. Canned BoeHHHH KopaSJib. warship. A
fish. KOPIEHb m., gen. -hh
KOHCTHTyU;HH /. constitution 1. root. KopeHb pacxeHHH. The
KOHTPOJIbHIMH, -aH, -oe, -ue con- root of a plant.
trol, test 2. root. KopeHb cJioBa. The root
IlHcaTb KOHxpoJibHyio pa66Ty. To of a word.
write a test-paper. 3. root. HsBJieHb KBa^paxHMH k6-
KOHOETA /. sweet peHb H3 HHCJia. To extract the
nioKOJiaAHaa Kon^exa. A chocolate. square root of a number.
IlHTbCOT rpaMMOB KOH^eT. Five O CMOTpexb B KopeHb. To get at
hundred grammes of sweets. the root (of something).
KOHIliEPT m. KOPHJ^OP m. corridor, passage
1. concert. Konuepi necHH h njific- KOPflHHEBIblfl, -an, -oe, -He brown
KH. A concert songs of and KOPMflTb, KOpMJIiO, KOpMHfflb, KOp-
dances. KoHn;epT xyjiomecT- MHx imp. Koro? h e m? /p. na-
BCHHOH CaMOfleHXeJIBHOCTH. An KOpMHXb, HaKOpMJIK), HaKOpMHUIb,
amateur performers' concert. HaKopMHX to feed
2. concerto. KoHi^epx ji^Jifi CKpiinKii Maxb KopMHX peGeHKa cynoM. The
c opKecxpoM. A
concerto for mother gives soup to her child.
violin and orchestra. KOPOBIKA /., gen. pi. -ok box
KOHHAlTb, -10, -emt, -lox imp. Kop65Ka cniweK. A box of matches.
qxo? &-\-inf. I p. KonqliixL, -y, KopoSKa KOH(|)ex. A
box of sweets.
-Hint, -ax KOPOBA COW/.
1. to finish. Konquxb 6ecefly. To B KOJixoae mhofo KopoB. The col-
finish a conversation. neBHii;a lective farm has many cows.
KOHHHJia nexb. The singer fin- KOPOJI|b m., gen. -a king
ished singing. KOPOTKIHW, form
-aH, -oe, -ne, short
2. to finish, to graduate. Konnnxb KopoxoK, KopoxKa, KopoxKlo, -h;
niKOJiy. To finish school. Koh- adv. KopoxKo; comp. Kopo^e short
HHXb yHHBepcHxex. To graduate 1. short. KopoxRHH nHA>KaK. A
from the University. short coat. KopoxKaH KypxKa. A
KOHH'AlTtCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not short jacket.
used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -ioxch imp. / 2. short. KopoxKHii cpoK. short A
p. KOHqJHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not time. KopoxKHH paaroBop. A
used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -axcfl to short conversation. KopoxKO ox-
end BexHXb. To answer briefly.
KoHDjepx KOHqaexcfl b 10 ^acoB Be- 3. only short form too short. I06Ka
nepa. The concert ends at 10 eii KopoxKa. The skirt is too short
o'clock in the evening. for her.
KOHHHTb KOHHATb
see KOCMflHECKlHtt, -an, -oe, -ne cos-
KOH^HTBCH KOH^ATbCfl
see mic, space
KOHb kohh,
m., gen. kohh; pi. ko- KocMHHecKoe npocxpancxBo. Space.
HeH, KOHHM, etc. horse KocMHqecKHH KopaSjib. A space-
Exaxb Ha Kone. To ride on horse- ship. KocMHHecKHe Jiy^H. Cosmic
back. rays.
KOC 58 KPE

KOCMOHABT m. cosmonaut KPAlCHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht imp.

KOCMOC m. cosmos, space hto? / p. noKpalcHTb, -uiy, -cnmb,
HayHeHHe KocMOca. Studying -cat to paint
space. noJiexH b kocmoc. Space KpacHTb To paint the floor.
noJi.
flights. KPAC|KA gen. pi. -ok paint
/.,

KOCHS^TbCH see KACATbCH ToJiySaH KpacKa. Blue paint.

KOCTIb /., gen. pi. -en bone KPACHElTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. /

IlepejioM KocTH. A fracture. p. noKpacHe|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot to

turn red; to blush, to flush
KOCTIOM m. suit, costume H6JI0KH noKpacHeJiH. The apples
GnopTHBHtiH KOCTIOM. A sports cos- turned red. KpacHCTb ot CTHAa. To
tume. KynuTb KOCTIOM. To buy a blush with shame.
suit.
KPACHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole Kpacen, Kpacna, Kpacnlo, -h red
MHCHwe KOTJieTH. Meat cutlets (ris- KpacHHH KapaHflam. A red pencil.
soles). JKapHTb KOTJieTH. To fry <> Kpacnafl njiomaflb. Red Square.
cutlets.
KPAICTb, -Ay, -Aemb, -^yT, past npaJi,
KOTOPIblfl, -an, -oe, -He -a, -H imp.
-o, mo?
y Koro?/
1. who, which, fl snaio TOBapnma, p. yKpa|CTb, -Ay, -Aemb, -a^t, past
KOTopHH npnexaji h3 JlenHH- yKpaji, -a, -o, -H to steal
rpafla. /know the comrade who Oh yKpaJi y hhx Aenbrn. He stole
came from Leningrad. mifhey from them.
2. what, which. KoTopHH nac? KPATKIHH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
What time is it? Tjie Kmira, ko- KpaTOK, KpaTKa, KpaTKlo, -h; adv.
Topyio TH o6emaJi? Where is the KpaTKO short, brief, concise
book which you promised? A
KpaTKHH AOKJiaA. brief report.
KOOE m., indecl., no pi. KpaTKHii cjioBapb. A
concise dic-
1. coffee. nJiaHTai;HH K6(|)e. A cof-
tionary. H
6yAy KpaTOK. /'// be
fee plantation. brief.
2. coffee. IIhtl nepHHH K6$e. To
KPEMJIlb m., gen. -a the citadel of
drink black coffee. K6$e c mo-
an old Russian town
JiOKOM. White coffee. MocKOBCKHH KpeMJib. The Moscow
KOmiKA /., gen. pi. -eK cat Kremlin.
Hepnan KomKa. A
black cat.
KPEHKIHR, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
KPAH m., prepos. o Kpae & b Kpaio, KpenoK, KpeuKa, KpenK|o, -h;
Ha Kpaio; pi. Kpan adv. KpeuKo; comp. Kpen^e
1. edge. Ha Kpaio cxojia. On the 1. hard. KpeuKHH opex. Hard nut.
edge of the table. 2. strong. KpeuKHH opraHH3M. A
2. land. Poj^hoh Kpaa. The native strong organism.
land. TenJine Kpan. Warm lands. 3. strong. KpenKoe bhho. Strong
3. territory. CTaBponoJibCKHH Kpan. wine. KpeHKHH ^aa. Strong tea.
Stavropol territory. <> KpenKHM COH. sound sleep. A
KPAH m. KpenKo enaxb. To sleep soundly.
1. tap. Bo^onpoBoflHHH npan. A KPEnHlYTb, -emb,
-y, -yT, past
water tap. OxKpoH Kpan. Turn Kpen, -Jia, imp. I p. OKpen-
-jio, -jih
the tap on. H|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT, past 0Kp6n,
2. crane. noffijeMHHH Kpan. A crane. -jia. -JIO, -JIH to grow stronger

KPACflBlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short
form KpacHB, -a, -o, -h; adu. Kpa-
cHBo beautiful; handsome
KpacHBan fleBymKa. A beautiful
girl. KpacHBaH mccthoctij. Beauti-
ful country. BoKpyr oienb KpacH-
BO. Everything around is
tiful.
Pe6eH0K OKpen. The child grew
stronger. Kp^nneT APyJK^a MeJKAy
CTpanaMH. The friendship between
countries grows stronger. I
KPEC|JIO neut., gen. pi. -eJi armchair
MflFKoe Kpecjio. A
soft armchair.
very beau- CHA^Tb B Kp6cJie. To sit in an arm-
chair.
 I

KPE 59 KTO

KPECTbUHHH m., pi. KpecTbane, KpyrjiWH CHpoxa. A complete or-

KpecTBHH peasant phan. Kpyrjibiii otjih^hmk. A pu-
KPECTbHHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -iie peas- pil with only excellent marks. Kpyr-
ant jiwS aypaK. An utter fool.
KpecTbflHCKafl ceMtfi. A peasant KPyH{|OK m., gen. -Ka circle, society
family. JlnxepaxypHHH KpyHtoK. A litera-
KPHBlOH, -an, -oe, -He crooked ry society. KpyJKoK neHHH. A sing-
KpHsaa JiHHHH. A crooked line. ing group.
KpHBafl yjiHiia. A crooked street. KPyriHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne large
KPflKHyTb see KPH'^ATb Kpynnoe npej^npnaxHe. A large
KPHH|ATb, -y, -Hmb, -ax imp. enterprise. KpynnaH npoMHraJien-
p. Kpi'iKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to cry, HOCXb. Large-scale industry.
to shout <> PasMBHaTb KpynHbie Aenbrn.
KpHHaxb OT 66jih. To cry with To change large bank-notes. Kpyn-
pain. He KpHHiixe na mchh! Don't HbiS paarOBop. A serious conver-
shout at me! sation.
KPOBATb bed
/. KPyT|(3B[, -an, -oe, -He, short form
Jl|epeBflHHaH KpoBaxb. A wooden Kpyx, Kpyxa, Kpyx|o, -h; adv. Kpy-
bed. JlejKaxb Ha KponaxH. To lie xo
on a bed. 1. steep. Kpyxafl ropa. A steep
KPOBb /., no pi., prepos. b KpoBii hill.
blood 2. KpyxoH noBopox noporn.
sharp.
Oh nopeaaJi nonaaajiacb
naJiei^, Asharp turn of the road.
KpoBb, He cut his finger and blood 3. fig. sharp. KpyxoH xapanxep.
appeared. A sharp temper.
<>• BopoTbCfl «o nocjieAHefi KanjiH KPblJIO neut., pi. KpHJibH wing
KpoBH. To fight to one's last drop KpHJio nxpji^H. The wing of a bird.
of blood, KpHJid caMOJiexa. The wing of a
KPOME prep. -\- gen. plane.
1. except. npHOiJiH Bce, KpoMe KPb'IfflA /. roof
o^Horo cxy^eHxa. Everybody }KeJie3HaH KpHraa. A metal roof.
came, except one student. Kptima The
roof of a house.
flOMa.
2. besides. KpoMe MenH, npHmjio KPKimiKA /., gen. pi. -eK lid
ein.e necKOJibKO ^ejioBeK. A few KpHfflKa HaHHHKa. The teapot (tea-
people came besides myself. kettle) lid.
<> Oh xopomo nrpaex b BOJieHSoji, KCTATH adv. & par en. word by the
a KpoMe Toro oh Henjioxofi way, on the way
maxMaTHCT. He plays volley-ball Kor^a noHflenib b Maraaiin, KCxaxH
well, besides he is not a bad chess- 3aHji;H Ha no^xy. When you go to
player. the shop, call at the post-office on
Kpyr m., pi. -H the way. KcxaxH, oh y>Ke npnexaji?
1. circle. IIJiomaAb Kpyra, The By the way, has he already come?
area of a circle. KTO pron., gen., ace. Koro [KaBo],
2. circle. Tani^yiontHe oSpaaosajiH dat. KOMy, instr. kbm, prepos. o kom
mnpoKHH Kpyr. The dancers who
formed a large circle. Kxo npHmeJi? Who has come? Koro
<> B Kpyry apyaefi. Among Hex B KJiacce? Who is absent from
iriends. B xecHOM Kpyry. Among the class? KoMy ji;axb KHiiry? Whom
friends. shall I give the book to? Koro xh
KPyrJIIblfl, form
-an, -oe, -He, short xaM BHAHHib? Whom do you see
Kpyrji, Kpyrjia, Kpyrji|o, -h round there? KeM xH HCAOBOJieH? Whom
KpyrJiHH cxoJi. A round table. are you displeased with? O kom xh
Kpyrjioe JIH^6. A round face. ^yMaenib? Whom are you thinking
<> Kpyrjibifi roff. The whole year about? H 3Haio, kxo bshji moh cjio-
round. Kpyrjibie cvtkh meji Bapb. / know who has taken my
AOH<Ab. It rained round the clock. dictionary.
KTO 60 JUA

KTO-HUByAb pron., gen., ace. Koro^ KyPfiTb, Kypio, Kj'pHfflb, Kypnx imp.
HHSyAb [KaBO-], dat. KOMy-nnSyAt, qxo?//). noKypnxb, noKypio, no-
instr. KeM-HH5y;i;b, prepos. o kom- Kypnmb, noKypflx to smoke
HH6yAfc somebody, anybody Kypiixb nannpocu. To smoke ciga-
Has anybody
KT6-HH6yfl;i> npnineji? rettes. Bh Kypnxe? Do you smoke?
come? GKaH^H K0My-HH6yAi» 06 3Tom. Kypnxe, noHcajiyncxa. Have a
Tell somebody about that. cigarette, please.
KTO-TO pron., gen., ace. Koro-To [Ka- KyPHI^A /.. pi. KypH
b6-], dat. KOMy-TO, instr. kgm-to, 1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnua. A white
prepos. k6m-to somebody hen.
Kt6-to Bomeji b KOMHaxy, ho oh 2. chicken. JKapenaH KypnHa.
He BHAeJi, KTO. Somebody entered Roast chicken. Cyn c KypanieH.
. the room but he could not see who Chicken soup.
it was. KyPC m.
KVJlA adv. where 1. course, series. KpaxKHH Kypc
KyAa TLi HAemb? Where are you HCxdpHH. A short history course.
going? HaAO pemHTb, KyAa mh Ilpocjiymaxb Kypc JieKUHH no
noeAGM JiexoM. We must decide where JiHxepaxype. To listen to a se-
summer.
we shall go in the on literature.
ries of lectures
KVJlA-tmhyJlh adv. somewhere 2. year of study. GxyAenx Bxoporo
IIoJio>KH KHHrH KyAa-HH6yAt H Kypca. A second-year student. Oh
noHAeM. Put the books somewhere fHHXCH Ha xpexbeM Kypce. He is
and let's go. in his third year. BxopoH Kypc
KYAA-TO adv. somewhere aaHHMaexcH b ayAHxopnii HOMep
H KyAa-To noJiojKHJi cboh KHiirn. 5. The second year students are in
/ put my books somewhere. Oh Ky- room No. 5.
Aa-TO ymeJi. He has gone some- <> BbiTb B Kypce. To be in the
where. know.
KYJIAK m., gen. -a fist KyC|OK m., gen. -Ka piece
VAapHTb KyjiaKoM no
^
cxojiy. To BoJibfflou KycoK cbipa. A large
strike the table with one's fist. piece of cheese. KycoK xjieSa. Apiece
KyJIbTYPA /. of bread. KycoK caxapa. A lump
1. culture. IIcTopHH KyJibTypu. of sugar.
The history of culture, ^enxejib KyCT m., gen. -a bush
Kyjibxypm. A
cultural worker. npHxaxbCH B Kycxax. To hide in
2. crop. 3epH0Bwe Kyjibxypu. Ce- the bushes.
real crops. TexHiinecKHe Kyjib- KyXIHfl /., gen. pi. -OHb kitchen
xypti. Technical crops. roxoBHXb o6eA Ha Kyxne. To cook
3. culture. HeJioBCK SoJibmoii Kyjib- dinner in the kitchen.
xypu. A
man of great culture. KymAITb, -K) (1st pers. rarely used),
4.: KyJibxypa nponsBOACXBa. Stan- -erab, -lox imp, hxo? / />. noKy-
dard of production. ma|xb, -10, -emb, -lox to eat
KyJIbXyPHlblfl, -aH, -oe, -bie, short Kymanxe, nojKajiyiicxa. Help your-
form Kyjibxypen, KyJibxypH|a, -0, -w self.
1. cultured. KyJibxypnbiH MeJiOBCK.
A cultured man. Ohh neAOCxa-
xoHHO KyjibxypHH. They are not JI, Ji

cultured enough.
2. only complete form cultural. JiArEPIb m., pi. -H camp
KyJibxypnue cbh3H. Cultural re- IlHOHepcKHH jiarepb. A Young Pio-
lations. neers' camp. TypHCTH^ecKHH Jia-
KVnAlTbCH, -locb, -efflbCH, -ioxch repb. A tourist camp.
imp. to bathe JlA^HO particle colloq. all right
KynaxbCfl b Mope. To bathe in the Mh ceroAHH noHACM b khho? —
sea. JIaAHO. "" Shall we go to the pictures
KynflTb see nOKyflATb today?" ''All right.''
JIAM 61 JIEC

JIAMOA /. lamp; light 2. fig. icy. JleAHHOH b3tjihjj,. An

SjieKTpiiHecKaH JiaMoa. An electric icy look. Oh
CKaaaJi axo Jie^H-
lamp. HacTOJibHafl JiaMna. A desk HMM xohom. He said that icily.
lamp. JiaMna b 40 BaxT. 40-watt A JIEHCjAXb, -y, -Mfflb, -ax imp. r^e?
lamp. JiaMna Ha 127 bojilt. A 1. to lie, to be. Jlewaxb na ^HBane.
127 -volt bulb. To lie on a divan. KHHrn JiejKax
JIACKOBlblfl, -aH, -oe, -we, short Ha cxojie. The books are on the
form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -u; adv. jiac- table.
kobo 2. to lie, to be ill, Jlemaxb b no-
1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan cxeJiH. To
in bed. Moik xoBa-
lie
MaTB. An affectionate mother. pnm y>Ke 2 Mecnita jieHtnx b 6oJib-
JIacKOBHH B3rJifl;i;. A kind look. HHi;e. My
friend has already
JIacKOBoe JiHUo. A kind face. been in hospital for two months.
JIacKOBO yjiH6aTbCH. To smile <> y Hero cepj;uie ne jicjkht k
affectionately. axoH paSoxe. He has a distaste for
2. fig. gentle. JlacKOBtin Bexep. this work.
A gentle wind. JlacKOBoe cojih- JIE3|Tb, -emb, -yx, past Jies, -Jia,
-y,
ne. A caressing sun. -Jio, imp. Ky;i;a?
-JiH
<> JIaCKOBOe CJIOBO, «ito BeceHHHH 1. to climb. Jleaxb na AepeBo. To
ACHb (proverb). An endearing word climb a tree. Jlesxb na ropy. To
is like a spring day. climb a mountain.
JIEBlblfiL, -an, -oe, -He left 2. to get. Jleaxb b BOAy. To get
JleBaH pyKa, The left hand (arm). into the water.
JleBan nora. The left foot (leg). 3.: Jleaxbb KapMan. To put one's
MoH fl;oM Ha jieBOH CTopone yjiHn,Li. hand
into one's pocket.
My house is on the left side of the <> Jleaxb He b cboc acjio (collog.).
street. ^ Gf. To poke one's nose into other
JlErKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short people's affairs. He Jieaxb sa cjio-
form jieroK, Jiernla, -6, -ti; adv, BOM B KapMRH. To havc a ready
JierKo; comp. Jierne tongue.
1. light. JlerKan cyMKa. light bag. A JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicine
2. easy. JlerKaH paSoxa. Easy FopbKoe JiCKapcxBo. A bitter medi-
work. JlerKaH saAa^a. An easy cine. IlpHHHMaxb JienapcxBO. To
task. 3xy Baflany h JierKo pe- take medicine. JIcKapcxBO ox Ka-
niHJi. / solved that task easily. mJifl. Cough medicine.
3. slight. JlerKHH Mopos. A slight JIEK^HH /. lecture
frost. HnxepeCHan JieKHHH. An interesting
4. easy. JlerKHii xapanxep. An easy lecture. JleKHHfl no MaxcMaxHKe.
temper. A lecture on mathematics, ^nxaxb
<> JlerKdH npoMbimjieHHOCTb. Light (cJiyraaxb) jickuhh. To deliver (to
industry. JlerKaH MysbiKa. Light listen to) lectures. Ha JieKBtHH 6biJio
music, y Hero JierKo na nyme MHoro Hapofla. There were many
(predic. impers.). He feels light- people at the lecture.
hearted. JIEHHBlblK, -an, -oe, -we, short form
JIErKOMb'ICJIEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -bie jieHHB, -a, -0, -h; adv. jichmbo lazy
1. light-headed. JlerKOMLicjieHHbm JleHPiBHH cxyAeHX. lazy student. A
HeJioBeK. A
light-headed person. JleHHBo pa66xaxb. To work lazily.
2. light-headed. JlerKOMbicjieHHWH JIEHTA /. ribbon
nocxynoK. A
light-headed action. ToJiySan Jienxa. A pale blue ribbon.
JIEJ^ m., gen. jib^a ice JIEC m., prepos. o Jiece & b Jiecy; pi.
XopomHH Jie^; Ha KaxKe. Good ice jieca wood, forest
on the skating-rink. BaJiex na Jihjxy. TycxoH Jiec. A dense forest. Mm
Ice-ballet. AOJiro ryjiHJiH no oceHHCMy Jiecy.
JIEJ|HH|Ofl, -an, -oe, -tie We walked in the autumn forest
1. iee. Jle^HHaH j^opomKa. An ice for a long time. Ha xeppHXopHH
track. CCCP ecxb H jiHcxBeHHwe h xBOHHwe
 .

JlEC 62 JiHq

jieca. There are deciduous and He asked whether I should go to

coniferous forests on the territory of the library today.
the USSR. JIHHfilflKA /., gen. pi. -CK
JIECTUHI^A /. staircase 1. ruler.
niHpoKaH JiecTHHi^a. A broad stair- 2. line. TexpaAt b jiHHCHKy. A
case. IIoAHHTbCfl no JiecTHHi5e. To ruled copy-book.
go up the stairs. 3x3 JIeCTHH^a JlfiHHH /.
Be;i;eT na BTopoH axam. This stair- 1. line. IIpHMafl jihhhh. A straight
case leads to the first floor. line. KpHBafl jihhhh. A curved
JIETA|Tb, -emb, -k)t imp. to fly
-K), line. IlapaJiJiejibHHe jiiiHHn.
Birds fly. GaMOJie-
IItijiiu JiexaioT. Parallel lines.
TH H3 MOCKBM jieiaioT B JleHHHrpflifl 2. fig. policy. JIhhhh napxHH. The
KajK/tMH neuh. Planes fly from Mos- policy of a party.
cow to Leningrad every day. JIHCT^ m., pi. jiHcxbH, JiifcxbCB leaf
JIE|T£Tb, -Hy, -Tiifflb, -THT imp. to OceHHHe JEHCXbfl. Autumn leaves.
Hy JlHCXbH B ca^y no>KejixeJ[H. The
1. to fly. 3tot caMOJiex jiexiiT b leaves in the garden have turned
MocKBy. That plane is flying to yellow.
Moscow. nxHi];w Jiexax na ror. JIHCT^ m., pi. JiHcxw, JiHCxoB sheet
The birds are flying to the south. JIhcx 6yMarH. A sheet of paper.
2. fig. to fly. Bwcxpo JiexHX Bpe- JIhcx wejiesa. A sheet of iron.
MH. Time flies. JIHTE^ATyPA /.
JIETHlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. literature. CoBexcKan Jinxepaxy-
1. summer. JlexnnH jieuh. A sum- pa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKaH
mer day. jiHxepaxypa. Arabic literature.
2. summer. JTexnee njiaxbe, najib- HsyH^xb JiHxepaxypy. To study
x6. A summer overcoat.
dress, literature.
3. summer. JlexHne KanHKyjiLi. 2. literature. Jlnxepaxypa no axoMy
Summer holidays. Bonpocy. The literature on this
JIETO neut., no pi. summer subject.
>KapKoe cyxoe Jiexo. A dry hot JlHTEPAXyPHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we liter-
summer. HpoBecxH jiexo ua Mope, ary
Ha ji,a.ne. To spend the summer at JlHxepaxypHHH hsmk. The literary
the seaside, in the country. language'.Jlnxepax^pnoe npoHSBe-
JIETOM adv. in summer ABHHe. A work of literature. Jlnie-
JlexoM fl oxfl.Mxaio na Mope. In paxypuHH KpyHtoK. A literary so-
summer I rest at the seaside. ciety.
JIETHHK m. flyer JIHTb, -emb, -lox; imper. Jienl
Jib|io,
O noABHre JiexHHKa MapecbeBa jieHxelimp. h x o? to pour
3Haex Becb Mnp. The whole world JiHXb BoAy B cxaKan. To pour water
knows about the flyer Maresyev's into the glass.
feat. <> AoJKAb JibCT KaK n3 BeApa. It
JIE^flTb, Jie^y, jiennmb, Jieiax imp. is raining cats and dogs.
Kor6? Hxo? ox Hero? He M?/ JIHU;0 neut., pi. Jiiina face
p. BMJienjHXb, -y, nmb, -ax to 1. face. BjieAHoe jihho. A pale
treat face. PyMHHoe jihho.^ A rosy
Bpan JieHHx SoJibuoro ox rpnnna. face, no ee Jinny xeKyx cJieau.
The doctor is treating the patient for Tears are streaming down her
the 'flu. cheeks ^
m
JIEHb see JIOHCflTbCH 2. face. Ohcxohji JinnoM k oKHy. fl
JIH particle whether He stood with his face turned to
He xoxHxe jih bh nonxn b xeaxp? the window.
Don't you want to go to the theatre? <> FoBopHTb B Jieuo hto-jihSg ko-
Ecxb JIH y Bac axa KHnra? Have My-JiH6o. To say something to
you got that book? Oh cnpocnji, (ne) somebody's face. BwcTynaxb or
noHfly JIH fl ceroAHfl b SnGjiHoxcKy. jiaua Kor6-JiH6o. To speak on
 . . .

JIHH 63 jiy»i

somebody's behalf. Ha hcm jih- JI05K|KA /., gen. pi. -en spoon
iia Hex! He looks awful! GxoJioBbie H ^aHHwe ji6>kkh. Ta-
JIflHII|bIfl, -aH, -oe, -He personal, blespoons and teaspoons. IIpHHHMaTb
private jieKapcxBo no ctojioboh JioJKKe xpn
JlHHHaH c66cTBeHH0CTb. Personal paaa b Aeub. To take a tablespoon
property. JIPiHHoe ^eJio. One's pri- of medicine three times a day.
vate business. JIOMA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. h x o? /
JIflfflfllHfl, -HH, -ee, -He p. cji0Ma|xb, -K), -enib, -lox
1. extra, spare. Hex jih y Bac 1. to break. CjioMaxb najiny. To
jiHfflHero 6iiJieTa? Have you got break a stick. PeSenoK JioMaex
a spare ticket? HrpymKH. The child breaks its
2. unnecessary. 3th Benin JiiiniHHe, toys
He B03bMy HX c co66h. These
fl 2. fig.: Oh floJiro JiOMaJi rojiosy
things are unnecessary; I won't uaA xpy/i,HOH saAaneH. He cudg-
take them with me. elled his brains over the diffi-
JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead cult problem for a long time.
BticoKHH Jio6. A
high forehead. JIOMAlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not
HIT3KHH Jio6. A
low forehead. used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp. /
JIOBflTb, JIOBJIK), JIOBHmb, JIOBHT p. cjiOMa|xbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
imp. K r 6? H T 0? hcm?//). hoh- used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -lOXCH to
MalTb, -10, -enib, -iot

I 1. to catch, IIoHMaTb
the ball.
mah. To catch
break
MeJi
bles.
JiOMaexcH. The chalk crum-
Eepo
CJioMaJiocb. The nib has
2. to catch. JIoBHTb pH6y cexbio, broken.
y^OHKOH. To
catch fish with a
JIOniA/tb /., gen. pi. Jiomaj^eu, instr.
net, fishing-rod. JIobhtb nxnn;.
JiomaAbMH horse
To catch birds.
PaSonan JidmaAi>. A draught horse.
3. fig. to catch, to devour. JIobiitb
EsAHXb na JioraaAH. To ride a
B3rJifl;i;. To catch somebody's eye.
horse
JIoBHTb CJiOBa. To devour every
word. JiyK m., no pi. onion(s)
<> JIoBHTb Ha cJiOBe. To take some- SeJieHHH JiyK. Spring onions. Mh-
body at his word. Oh noiiMaji ceSn co c JiYKOM. Meat with onions.
Ha MucjiH, ^TO ayMaex o neii. He JIYHA /.* moon
caught himself thinking about Ha He6e no^uHJiacb MOJio^an Jiyna.
her. A new moon rose in the sky. Co-
JI0BK|HB[, -aH, -oe, -ne, short form BexcKHe yqeuHe c$OTorpa{|)MpoBaJiH
JiOBOK, JioBKa, jiobkIo, -h; adv. jiob- o6paxHyio cxopony Jlynu. Soviet
KO scientists photographed the reverse
1. agile. JIoBKHH cnopxcMeH. An side of the Moon.
agile sportsman. JIYH m., gen. -a ray, beam
2. adroit. JIobkhh npHjKOK. An JTyHH coJiHua. Sunbeams.
adroit jump. MaJibHHK jiobko JlSHWLE
BJiea Ha Aepeno. The boy climbed 1. comp. of adj. xopomnu better.
the tree adroitly. Tboh pncynoK jiyqme, ^eM moh.
JIOAlKA gen. pi. -ok boat
/., Your drawing is better than mine
B xpn ^eJiOBena. There
Jioj^HQ Shjio 2. comp. of adv. xopomo better,
were three people in the boat. Ka- nnmnxe jiyqme! Write more
xaxbCH Ha JioAKe. To go boating. carefully!
JIOHClflTbCH, -ycb, -nnibCH, -axcn predic. imper s. BoJibHOMy cxaJio
imp. Ky^a? / p. Jie^b, Jifllry, Jiynme. The sick man felt better.
->Kenib, -ryx, past Jier, Jierji|a, -6, 3. particle rather. Mne He xo^excH
-h; imper. jiar! JiHrxe! to lie njijii B xeaxp, hohagm Jiynme
fl Jier Ha ^HBan. / lay down on the B KHHO. don't want to go to
/
divan, fl pano Jiowycb cnaxb. / go the theatre, let's rather go to the
to bed early. cinema.

h
jiyn 64 MAJI

<> CTapbiil Apyr jiyqme hoblix love. JIioSoBbK poAHHe, k jiioahm,

flBVX (proverb). An old friend K AGTHM, K pa56xe, K HayKe. Love of
is better than two new ones. one's country, of people, of children,
Jlyqme nosAHO, hgm HHKorAa. of work, of science. Oh c JiioCoBbK)
Better late than never. Jlyime CACJiaJi 3xy Ben;b. He made this
Bcero. Best of all. KaK m6h{ho thing with enthusiasm.
Jiyqme. As best as one can. JIK)B|Ofl, -aH, -6e, -tie
JI^HiniHfl, -an, -ee, -ne superl. of 1. any. IIpHxoAHTe ko mhc b jiio-
xopomnii the best 66e BpeMH. Come to see me at
9to Jiyninee 3AaHHe b ropofle. This any time. Oh 6lijiroxoB bmooji-
is the best building in the city. HflXb jiK)5yio pa66xy. He was
3x0 Jiy^fflHii cxyAeHx naineH rpyn- ready to do any work.
ntr. He is the best student in our 2. used as n. anyone. JlioSoii saw
group. 9xa KHtira Jiyqmee npoH3-— CKaJKex, TAe naxoAHxcH Mexpo.
BCAeHHe axoro nncaxejiH. This book Anyone will tell you where the
is the best work of this writer. underground station is.
JII>I>KIT pi., sing. JibiHta skis JIK)BOnb'ITH|bin, -aa, -oe, -Me
CJiOMaxL JiHJKH. To break one's skis. 1. curious, JIioGonbixHLiM neJioBeK.
Ouii JiiooHx X0A»Tb Ha JiH>Kax. A
curious person.
They like to go skiing. Ka?KAoe 2. fig. inquisitive. JIioSonwxHLiH
BocKpeceHbe mw KaxaeMca Ha jim- BsrJiHA. An inquisitive eye.
>Kax.Every Sunday we go skiing. JlK)Jl,H pi., gen., ace. jik)a6h, dat.
.lK)BHM|blH, -aH, -oe, ue JiiS^flM, instr. jiiOAbMH, prepos. o
1. beloved, favourite. JIio6riMafl fle- jiiOAHx; sing. nejioBeK m. people
ByniKa. One's beloved girl. JIio-
oHMtiH cwH. One's favourite son.
2. beloved, favourite. JIio6hmhii M, M
ropoA. One's beloved city. JlioSii-
MLiri HHcaxeJib. One's favourite MArA3HH m. shop
writer. JIio6HMaH KHiira. One's IIpOAOBOJIbCXBeHHHH MarasHH. A
favourite book. JIio6HMoe 6jik)ao. food shop. KoHAHxepcKHH Maraaiin.
One's favourite dish. A confectionery. yHHBepcaJibHHii
JIIOBHTb, jiio6jii6, JnoSunib, jik)6hx MaraauH. A department store. Ky-
imp. K
r 6? q X 0? or ~\- inf. / ni'ixb npoAynxLi b MarasHHe. To
p. nojiK)6HXb, nojiio6jii6, noJuoSnmb, buy foodstuffs at a shop.
nOJHOOHT MAfl ni. May
1. to love. JlK)5HXb poAHHy. To Tenjibiii Man. A warm May. H po-
love one's country. JIiodnTb Maxb. AHJiCH B Mae. / was born in May.
To love one's mother. IlojiioSiixb MAJI, -a, -6, -hi short adj. (cf.
AeBymKy. To with a
fall in love MAJIEHbKHfl) too small
girl. JlioSrixb jiHxepaxypy, pa66- 3xH 5oximKH cxaJiH Majibi Majib^H-
xy. To love literature, work. Ky. These boots have become too
2. to like. H jiioSjipo nrpaxb na small for the boy.
poHJie. / like to play the piano. MAJIEHbKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short
JIK)B|OBATLCH, -yiocb, yembCH, form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, Majibi; comp.
-yioxcH imp. k e m? h e m? / />. no- MeHbme (q. v.)
Jiio6|oBaxbcH, -yiocb, -yeiubCH, 1. small. MajieHbKaH KOMHaxa. A
-yioxcH to admire small room. HeJioBCK MajieHLKo-
JlloGOBaXbGH BOCXOAOM COJIHLta. To ro pocxa. A short man.
admire the sunrise. JlK)6oBaxbCH 2. little. MaJieHbKHe acth. Little
peSeHKOM. To admire a child. children. Tm eme Maji. You are
JIIOBOBb /., gen. jiioSbh, instr. Jiio- too young yet.
SoBbK) K KOMy? K HCMy? love MAJIO adv., comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little
ITepBafl JiioSoBb. One's first love. Oh MaJio roBopnx, ho mhofo Ae-
CqacxJiHBafl JiioSoBb. happy love. A Jiaex. He says little, but he does a
Heciacxnafl JiroSoBb, An unhappy lot. Oh eJi Majio Maca. He ate little
MAJI 65 MEJJ,

meat. Ha CTenax BHceno Majio lect material on the life of a

KapiHH. There were few pictures on well-known writer.
the walls. 2. material. Maxepnaji na kocxiom.
MAJIBHHK m. boy Material for a suit. lUeJiKOBHiH
BocnHTaHHHH MajibHHK. A well- Maxepnaji, Silk material.
bred boy. MaJibHHK cbmh Jiex. A MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seaman
seven-year-old boy. GMeJiHH Maxpoc. A brave seaman.
MAMA /. mummy GjiyjKHXb MaxpocoM na KopaSjie.
MAPI K A /., gen. pi. -oK postage To serve as a deckhand on a ship.
stamp MATb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn,
HoHToBaH MapKa. A postage stamp. instr. Maxepbio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe-
KoJiJiGKitHfl MapoK. A collection of pen, etc. mother
stamps. HaKJieHTb MapKy. To stick JlK)6HMaH Maxb. One's beloved moth-
a stamp. er, y Maxepn ^Boe ^exen. The
MAPT m. March mother has two children.
B Mapxe HaHHHaeT TaaTL cner. In <> Po^HHa-Maxb. Mother country.
March the snow begins to thaw. MAXATb, Mamy, Mamemb, Marayx or
colloq. Maxalio, -emb, -lox imp. k o-
MACJIO neut., no pi.
1. butter. CJiHBo^Hoe MacJio. But- M y? H e M?/p. MaxHJyxb, -y, -emb,
ter. XJieS c MacjioM. Bread and -yx to Wave, to flap
butter. Maxaxb njiaxKoM na npomaHbe.
2. oil. IIoAcoJiHe^Hoe MacJio. Sun- To wave good-bye with one's handker-
flower-seed oil. chief. Maxaxb pyKon xoBapnmy.
To wave one's hand to a friend.
MACTEP m., pi. -a
nxHn;a Mamex KpwJibHMH, The bird
1.: HacoBOH Macxep. A watchmaker.
2.: TypreneB —
saMeHaxeJibUHn
is
MAXHYTb
flapping
see
its wings.
MAXATb
MacTep nenaajKa. Turgenev is
extremely skilful in portraying
MAmflHA /.
1. machine, engine. IlapoBaH Ma-
nature.
foreman. Macxep b nexe. The
mnna. A
steam engine. CejibCKO-
3.
X03flHcxBeHHafl Maraima. An
foreman in a shop. agricultural machine. ElBenHafl
master. Macxep cnopxa. A rnas-
4.
Mamnna. A sewing machine.
ter of sport.
2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamiina.
<> Macxep na Bce pyKH. Jack-of-
all-trades.
A passenger-car. FpysoBafl Ma-
mnna. A lorry. Exaxb na Mamri-
MACTEPCK|AH /., gen. oh ne. To ride in a car.
1. repair shop. MacxepcKan no pe- MEBEJIb /., no pi. furniture
MOHxy nacoB. A
watch repair MarKan MeSeJib. Upholstered furni-
shop. PaSoxaxb b MexannHecKOH ture. Kymixb noByio MeSeJib. To
MacxepcKOH. To work at a ma- buy new furniture.
chine shop. MEJi;AJIb /. medal
2. studio. MacxepcKafl xyAOJKHHKa. HarpaHtASTb Me^aJibio. To award a
An artist's studio. medal. OKomnxb mKOJiy c sojio-
MATEMATHKA /., no pi. mathemat- xoH Me;;aJibio. To get a gold medal
ics on leaving school. GnopxcMen
BticmaH MaxeiviaxHKa. Higher mathe- aasoeBaJi Me^ajib. The sportsman
matics. 3K3aMeH no MaxeMaxHKe. won a medal.
An examination in mathematics. MEfl;BE/Jb m. bear
Hayqaxb MaxeMaxHKy. To study BeJiHH MCABeAb. A
polar bear.
mathematics. MEJ^Waj&UA /., no pi. medicine
MATEPHAJI m. (science)
1. material. Maxepnaji j^jia ^Hccep- MEAHqflHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne med-
xan;HH. Material for one's thesis. ical
GoSnpaxb MaxepnajiM o jkh3hh Meflnn;HHCKHH HHCxnxyx, A medi-
HseecxHoro nncaxeJifl. To col- cal institute.

5—4002
MEA 66 MEP

MEAJIEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. MEHbinE

MGAJieHHO slow comp. of adj. MajieHbKHii small-
1.
MeAJicHHHH Bajibc. A slow waltz. er. Tboh KOMHaxa Meebme mo^h.
FoBopHTb MGA'fieHHO. To Speak slow- Your room is smaller than
ly. Pa6oTaTi> MGAJieHHO. To work mine.
slowly. 2. comp. of adv. Majio less. Tu 3a-
MEJKAy prep. +
instr. between HHMaembCH M^Hbme, neM naAO.
Me>KAy mKa(|)OM h nMCbMeHHWM You spend less time on your
CTOJioM CTOHJio KpccJio. There was studies than you ought to.
an armchair between the bookcase MEHbmHHCTBO neut. minority
and the desk. 3to npoH3oniJi6 BojibmHHcxBo Ha coSpaHHH roJio-
MCJKAY 1942 H 1945 roAOM. That coBajio «3a», MeHbmHHCXBo «np6- —
happened between 1942 and 1945. xnB». The majority at the meeting
J^a sApaBCTByex Mnp ii APy?K6a voted for, and the minority voted
MejKAY HapoAaMHl Long live peace against.
and friendship between peoples! MEHfllTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch
<> MewAy npoiHM. By the way. imp.
MeacAy HaMH. Between ourselves. 1. qCM? C K e M? p. 05MeHflIXbCH,
Me>KAy HaMH roBopa. Strictly be- -HDCb, -embCH, -IOXCH to exchange.
tween you and me. MeHHXbCH MapKaMH c xoBa-
MESKAyHAPOAHlblH, an, -oe, -ue pHmeM. To exchange postage
international stamps with a friend. 05MeHflXb-
MeH^AynapoAHLie OTHoraenHH. Inter- ^H MneHHHMH. To exchange opin-
national relations. MejKAyHapoAHaH ions.
oSciaHOBKa. The international situ- 2. p. H3MeHHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, HSMe-
ation. mirabCH, H3MeHflxcH to change.
MEJIKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. MeJiKo; rioroAa mchhcxch. The weather
comp. MeJiL^e is changing. Hacxpoenne mc-
1. small. MeJiKan pw6a. Small HHexcH, The mood is changing.
fish. IIoroAa pesKO nsMennjiacb. The
2. small. MeJiKan Moneia. Small weather has changed sharply.
change. MEP A /.
3. flat. MeJiKaa lapeJiKa. A flat 1. measure. Mepbi a-JIHhli. Measures
plate. of length. MepH Beca. Measures
4. petty. MeJiKaa 6ypjKya3HH. Petty of weight.
bourgeoisie. 2. usu. pi. measures. PemnxeJibHHe
5. narrow. MeJiime HHxepecti. Nar- Mepu. Decisive measures. Jlpn-
row interests. HHXb MepLi. To take measures. 3xa
6. shallow. 3Aecb mcjiko. IVs Mepa ne noMorJia. This measure
shallow here. didn't help.
MEJIOH|b /., gen. pi. -m <> 3to HeHHTepecHO, ho no Kpaii-
1. no pi. change. B MarasMne Mne Hcii Mepe nojieano. This is not
AaJiH CAa^iy MeJio^bio. They gave interesting but at least it is
me the change in small coins in the useful.
shop. MEP3H|yTb, -y, -emb, -yx, past Mepa,
2. trifle. Oh aaHnMaeiCH KaKWMH- -Jia, -Jio, -JiH imp./p. 3aMep3Hlyxb,
TO MeJio^aMH. He is busy with -y, -emb, -yx, past 3aMep3, -Jia,
some trifles. MeJiOHH >kh3Hh. -jio, -JIH to freeze
The trifles of life. 3x0 mcjiohh. y MenH 3aMep3JiH pymi. My hands
These are trifles. are frozen. 3hm6h h BcerAa Mepa-
MEHEE adv. less Hy. / always feel cold in winter.
KaxaxbCH na Jitiwax ne Meeee hh- MEPjHTb, -K», -nmb, -hx imp. q x o?/
xepecHo, qeM KaxaxbCH na KonbKax. p. noMepInxb, -lo, -nmb, -hx {or
Skiing is no less interesting than npHMepnxb) to try on
skating. Mepnxb KOCXiOM. To try on a suit.
<> TeM He Menee. Nevertheless. IIoMepHxb xy(J)JiH. To try on shoes.
MEP 67 MEin

M£PTB|bIII, -an, -oe, -He dead Mexpo? What's the way to the
MepxBoe tcjio. A dead body. underground station?
<> MepxBafl TnmHHa. Dead silence. MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy;
Cnaxb MepxBbiM chom. To sleep pi. -a fur
like a log. JIhchh Mex. Fox fur. IlymHCXHH
MECTHIWfl, -He local
-an, -oe, Mex. Soft fur.
MecTHHe o6HHaH. Local customs. MEXAHH3AI^HH /., no pi. mechani-
MecTHHe minejin noKasajin xypnc- sation
TaM j^opory. The local inhabitants Mexamisai^Hfl xpy^a. The mechani-
showed the tourists the way. sation of labour. MexaHHsai^HH npo-
MECT|0 neut., pi. -a, mcct, -aM, etc. n;eccoB nponsBoflCXBa. The mechani-
1. seat. 3to mccto cbo66;iho? sation of the production processes
Isthis seat vacant? 3x0 Mecxo MEXAHH3flP|0BATb, -yro, -yemb,
saHflxo. This seat is taken. Vcxy- -yiox imp. & p. hxo? to mechanise
DHXB Mecxo weHiDiHHe. To offer MexaHH3HpoBaxb xpy^. To mecha-
one's seat to a woman. Bcxaxb c nise labour. MexanHanpoBaxb ceJib-
Mecxa. To stand up. CKoe X03HHCXB0. To mechanise ag-
2. place, spot. JKHBonHCHoe Mecxo, riculture.
A
picturesque spot. MEXAHHK m. mechanic
<> 3to ero 6ojibn6e Mecxo. This B i^exe paSoxaJi cxapHH MexannK.
is his sore spot. An old mechanic worked in the shop.
MECflli; m. month JleXHHK OHCHb JtpyjKHJI CO CBOHM
SHMHHe MecHDiH. Winter months. MexaHHKOM. The flyer was on very
5 Mecflii;eB uadaji. 6 months ago. friendly terms with his mechanic.
B KaKOM Mecfli];e bbi poAHJiiicb? In MEXAHfl^ECKinn, -an, -oe, -ne
which month were you born? 1. of mechanics. MexaniiHecKHe 3a-
METAJIJI m. metal KOHbi. Laws of mechanics.
^epHHe MexajiJiH. Ferrous metals. 2. mechanics. MexauMqecKHH ^a-
I^BexHHe MexaJiJiH. Non-ferrous Kyjibxex. The mechanics depart-
metals. ment.
METAJlJIflHECKIHIl, -aH, -oe, -ne 3. mechanical. MexannqecKaH ciiJia.
metal Mechanical strength.
METAJIJiyprflHECKlHH, -aH,-oe,-He MEXOBlOfl, -an, -de, -Lie fur
metallurgical MexoBoe naJibxo. A fur coat. Mexo-
MexaJiJiyprH^ecKHH saBOA. A metal- Ban mauKa. A
fur cap.
lurgical plant. MexaJiJiyprwHecKan MEMTA gen. pi. not used dream
/.,

npoMbimjieHHOcxb. The metallurgi- Me^xLi 6yAyn];eM. Dreams of the

cal industry. future. Menxbi o cnacxbe. Dreams
of happiness. MeHxa Been >kh3hh.
WEsTOJl m. method
The dream of one's whole life.
j3,HaJieKXHHecKHH MexoA. The dia-
HpaBHJibHHH Mexo^. OcymecxBHXb cbok) Me^xy. To ac-
lectical method.
complish one's dream. Me^XH c6h-
The correct method. IIpHMeHHXb h6-
Jir'fCb.One's dreams have come true.
BHe Mexo^H, To use new methods.
IIoJibBOBaxbCH Mexo^OM. To employ
MEHTA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. o
K 6 M? H e M? to dream
a method.
Me^xaxb o CHacxbe. To dream of
METP m. metre happiness. Menxaxb o nyxemecx-
KBaj^paxHHH MCxp. A square metre. BHHX. To dream about travelling.
KySHHecKHH Mexp. A cubic metre. MEIHAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k o-
5 MexpoB Maxepnajia. 5 metres of
material.
M y? H e M y? +
i^f- I P- noMema|xb,
-10, -erab, -lox to prevent, to hinder
METPO neut., indecl. underground rail- Pa^Ho Memajio cxy^enxy sauHMaxb-
way CH. The radio prevented the student
GxIhi^hh Mexpo. An underground from studying.
station. Exaxb na Mexpo. To go by MEIIIIOK m., gen. -Ka sack
the underground. KaK npoHxii k MemoK MyKH. A sack of flour.
5*
MHJI 68 MHO

^ KynHTfa Koxa b MemKe (prov- AxoM MHpa. Atom for peace.

AJIH
To buy a pig in a poke.
erb). Cf. Mnpy MHpl Peace to the world!
MHJIMUHOHfiP m. militiaman 3aKJiK)HHXb MHp. To concludc peace.
06paTi'iTbCH K MHJiHi;HOHepy. To noAUHcaxb MHP To sign a peace
ask a militiaman. treaty.
MflJI|blQ, -an, -oe, -we, short form MflPHblft, an, oe, -ue adj. of MHpa
MHJI, MHJia, MHJi|o, -u iiice 1. peace. Mnpnue oxHomeHHH. Peace-
MiiJiafl AesyfflKa. A
nice girl. Mii- ful relations.
Jioe JiHqo. A
nice face. 2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH.
<> C MHjiLiM pau u B majiame Peace time. Mhphhh xpy^. Peace-
(proverb), Cf. Love in a cottage. ful labour. Mupnoe cxpoH-
MflMO xejibcxBO. Peaceful construction.
1. adv. by. IIpoHTH mhmo. To pass by. 3.: Mhphlih ^oroBop. A peace
2. prep. +
gen. past. Uoesji npoexaJi treaty. MnpHHe neperoBopu.
MIIMO CTaHn,HH H HC OCTaHOBIIJICH, Peace talks.
The train went past the station MHPOB|0fl, -an, -6e, -tie adj. of
without stopping. MHPi
MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. ministry MHpoBafl BOHHa. World War. Mh-
MHHHCiepcTBo 4>HHaHC0B. The Min- poBoH pwHOK. World market. Mh-
istry of Finance. MnniicTepcTBO poBSH cJiaBa. World fame. IlHca-
HHOCxpaHHtix j^eji. The Ministry of xejib c MHpoBMM HMCHeM. A world-
Foreign Affairs. famous writer.
MHHflCTP m. minister MHPOJIIOBflBILlH, -an, -oe, -we peace-
BoeHHtiH MnHHCxp. The War Min- ful'
ister. Mhhhctp (|)HHaHCOB. The MnpojiiooiiBafl nojiHXHKa. Peaceful
Minister for Finance. Mhhhctp policy. MnpojnoGiiBHe napoAM- Peace-
Bucmero o6pa30BaHHH. The Minis- loving nations.
ter of Higher Education. IlpeMbep- MtlTHHr m. meeting, rally
MHHHCip. The Prime Minister. Co- MwTHHr npoxecxa. A meeting of
Bex MHHHCxpoB. The Council of protest. MtixHHr b noAAepJKKy... A
Ministers. npeAccAaxejib coBexa mh- rally in support of... Mhxhhf b aa-
HHCxpoB. The Chairman of the Coun- miixy Koro/^iero-JiHSo. A meeting
cil of Ministers. in defence of somebody I something.
MHHytA /. minute BbicxyHHXb Ha MnxHHre c pe^bio.
niecTbjiecHX MHHVX. Sixty minutes. To make a speech at a meeting.
GeH^ac HexHpe MHHyxH Bxopoio. MJIAflmiHn, -an, ee, -ne younger
It is four minutes past one. Genqac MJiaATUHH 6paT. A
younger (the
6e3 j^ecHXii Mnnyx ;i;Ba. It is ten youngest) brother. MJiaamafl cecxpa.
minutes to two. A younger sister.
<> IIpuxoAHTe KHaM B CBo66aHyio MHEHHE neut. opinion
MoeyTy. Come and see us any time CaMOcxoffxeJibHoe Mnenue. An inde-
you can. Cmo MHHyTy. Just a pendent opinion. Flo .MOCMy wne
minute. HHK). In my opinion. BbiCKasaxb
MHPi m. MHeHHe. To give an opinion Paa-
1. no pi. universe. TeopHH o npo- Aejifixb qbe-JiH6o MHenne. To share
HCXojKAeHHH MPipa. /4 theory on somebody's opinion. 06MeHflXbCH
the origin of the universe. MHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions.
2. world, ^pyrae Mnpw. Other Bbixb BbicoKoro (neBHCOKoro, xo-
worlds. pomero, nJioxoro) MHennn o hcjio-
3. no pi. world. Oh o6'i>e3AHJi Becb B^Ke (o KHHre). To think highly
MHp. He travelled all over the {not much, much, bad) of a man
world. riepBHH B MHpe. The first (of a book).
in the world. Becb MHp. The MHOrnE
whole world. 1. followed by n. in pi. many. MHorHO
MHP2 m., no pi. peace cxpaHH. Many countries.
BoHHa H MHp. War and peace. 2. used as n. many. MHorne aaHHMa-
MHO MOP

K)TCH cnopTOM. Many people go in MOJIO^EHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He youth

for sport. MoJiOAejKHHH Benep An evening-
MHOrO adv., comp. 66jibine (q. v.) party for young people. MoJiOAeH«-
1. a lot. Mnoro pa66TaTb. To work nan dpHra^a. Youth team.
a lot. MOJlOJ^mh /., no pi. youth •

2. many, much, a Mnoro Jiio-

lot. MOJIO^IED;, pi. -HM used as pred.
flefi. Many people. Mnoro neHer. fine boy/girl
Much money. Mnoro fleJia A lot Ona y nac MOJiOAenI She is a fine
of things to do. Mnoro napoAa. girl.'
A lot of people. MOJlOmOH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form
MHOrOE a lot MOJiOA, MOJiOfl;a, m6jioa|o, -h
Mne em;e Mnoroe na^o czt^Jiaxb. 1. young. Mojio^oH qejioBeK. A
I've still got a lot of things to do. young man. On oienb mojio^.
MOrflJIA grave
He is very young.
/.
2. young, new. xMojio^oe ^epcBO. A
MOryH|Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne mighty,
young tree. Mojioaoh Kapxo^eJib.
powerful
A mighty country, New potatoes.
Moryqan crpana.
Moryqan pena. A mighty river. MOJIO^OCTb /., no pi. youth
Moryqan apMHH. A mighty army. GHacxjiiiBafl MoJio^ocxb. A happy
youth. B MOJiOAOCxn on xopomo
MoryHHH roJioc. A powerful voice. neJi. He sang well in his youth.
M05KET BblTb maybe, perhaps MOJTOKO neut., no pi. milk
MoJKeT 6litb, h npncAy ceroAna. CBmee mojioko. Fresh milk. Khuh-
/ may come today. MomeT 6LiTb, sto Henoe mojioko. Boiled milk. Cry-
H laK. Perhaps, that is so. mennoe mojioko. Condensed milk.
M05KH0 K M y? + inf. K6(|)e c MOJiOKOM. Coffee and milk.
1. it possible, can. 3to m6>kho
is Kama na mojioko. Milk cereal pudd-
caeJiaTb 3a xpn ahh. This can be ing. GxaKan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk.
done in three days. MOJIOHHIblH [-mn-l, -an, -oe, -ne
2. may. MoJKno bshtb Kniiry? May milk
I take the book? Moh^ho bohth? PvloJio^uHH cyn. Milk soup. Mojioh-
May I come in? BojibnoMy mojk- nan Kama. Milk cereal pudding.
no ryjiHTb TOJibKO fl,Ba qaca. The MojioHHBie upojiyKThi. Dairy produce.
sick man is allowed to walk only MOJIHA adv. in silence
two hours. Oh AOJiro MoJina cMoxpeJi na nero.
M03r m., no pi. He looked at him for a long time
FojiOBHoH M03r. The brain. Cnnn- in silence.
HOH M03r, The spinal cord. MOJIH|ATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp. to
MOfl, MOH, Moe, MOH pron. my mine keep silent
Moh flOM. My
house. Moh ccMbfi. Oh MOJiHaji BCK) ^opory. He kept
My family. Moe naJibxo. coat. My silent all the way.
Mon ApysbH. My
friends. 3x0 Moe. MOMEHT m. moment
It's mine. yfloSnHH MOMenx. A convenient
MOKPIMA, -an, -oe, He, short form moment. B 3X0X MOMenx. At that
MOKp, MOKpa, MOKpIo, -w; adv. moment.
MOKpo wet MOH ETA /. coin
MoKpan ojiemjia. Wet clothes. Mok- Bojioxan Monexa. A gold coin. Gxa-
pHe KpwmH. Wet roofs. Bijxepexb pijnnaH Monexa. An old coin.
MOKpbie pyKH. To dry one's wet <>MejiKafl MOHexa. Small change.
hands. / predic. impers. Ha yjiHue MOPjE neut., pi. -n sea
MOKpo. It is wet outside. Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. Ox^h-
MOJIHHH /. lightning xaxb na Mope. To rest at the sea-
HpKan MOJIHHH. A bright lightning. side. Hepnoe Mope. The Black Sea.
CsepKHyjia m6jihhh. Lightning CpejiHseMHoe Mope. The Mediter-
flashed. Mojihhh y^apajia b ^om. ranean Sea. /fig. Mope rojioe. A sea
The house was struck by lightning. of heads.
MOP 70 MBIJI

MOP05KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream MyAPHH HOJiOB^K. A wise man.

CJiHBOHHoe, moKOJiaAHoe, opexoBoe, MyAPoe pem^HHO. A wise decision.
^pyKTOBoe MopoJKeHoe. Cream, Oh nocxynHJi MyAPO. He acted
chocolate, nut, fruit ice-cream. wisely.
MOP03 m. frost MYHC m., pi. uymhn, My>KeH, MywbHM
BCK) 3HMy CTOHJIH CHJIbHiie MOpO- husband
3U. There were severe frosts the BHHMaxejibHHH My?K. An attentive
whole winter. CeroAHH 10 rp^AycoB husband. 3a66xJiHBHH MyjK. A solici-
Mopoaa. It is 10 degrees below zero tous husband. JlK)6Hm;HH MyjK. A
today. loving husband.
MOPCK|Ofl, -an, -6e, -lie MS^HCECTBEHHIMfl, -an, oe, -He,
1. sea. MopcKaH Bo^a. Sea water. short form My?KecxBeH, My>KecxBeH-
MopcKOH 6eper. Seashore. Mop- Hja, -0, -bi; adv. MyHtecxBCHHO cou-
CKOH BosAyx. Sea air. MopcKoii rageous
Bexep. Sea breeze. MyjKecxBeHHHH neJiOBeK. A cou-
2. sea,marine, MopcKofi (|)Jiot. The rageous man. MyHtecxBeHHHH nocx}'-
Marine. MopcKoe nyxemecTBiie. noK. A courageous action.
A voyage. MySKECTBO neut., no pi. courage
<> MopcKaH 6ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness. npoHBHXb My;KecxBo. To show cour-
MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor age. IlMexb MyjKecxBO roBopiixb
MojiofloH MopflK. A
young sailor. np^BAy. To have the courage to
MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & Ha moc- speak the truth.
xy; pi. MOCXH bridge MyaCCKlOfl, men's
-an, -oe, -iie
Mocx Hepea peKy. A
bridge across My>KCKafl Men's clothes.
OACJKAa.
a river. }Kejie3HOAop6>KHLiH mocx. MyjKCKan 66yBb. Men's footwear.
A railway bridge. Gxohxl Ha mocxv. MYSKHflHA m. man
To stand on the bridge. IlqjKHJioii My?KHHHa. An elderly man.
MOTOP m. engine JViySEfl m. museum
Moxop pa66xaex xopomo. The engine OcMaxpnBaxb Myaen. To see a mu-
works well. seum.
MOTOI^flKJl m. motor-cycle M^SblKA /., no pi. music
Exaxb Ha Moxoi^iiKJie. To ride on GHM(|)OHHHecKaH MyaHKa. Symphon-
a motor-cycle. ic music. JlerKan MysHKa. Light
MOHb, Mory, MOH^emb,
Moryx, past music. MyaHKa k KHHO(|)HJibMy.
Mor, -Jia, no imper.; imp.
-Jio, -JiiT, Music to a film. Go^HHHXb (hh-
+ inf. I p. CMO'ib, CMory, cMOJKemb, caxb) MyaHKy. To compose (write)
CMoryx, past cMor, -Jia, -Jio, -jih music.
1. to be able, can. Tw cMomerab MySblKAJIBHlblfl, -an, -oe, -hb,
npHHXH ceroflHfl ko mhc? Can short form MyaHKaJien, My3HKajib-
you come and see me today? H|a, -0, -H
2. to be allowed, may. BojibHoii 1. music(al). MyaHKaJibHaa mKOJia.
yjKe Mowex xoAHXb. The patient A music school. MyaHKajibHHG
already allowed to walk.
is HHCxpyMCHXH. Musical instru-
MOmHIHfl, -an, -oe, -He powerful ments. MyabiKaJibHHH Beiep. A
MomHMH MOXop. A
powerful engine. musical evening.
Momnafl AeMOHCxpan;Hfl. power- A 2. musical. MyaHKaJibHHH peCenoK.
ful demonstration. A musical child.
MPAHH|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -He gloomy MS^XA /. fly
MpaqHHH HeJioBGK. A
gloomy man. MH|ATbCH, -ycb, -nmbCH, -axcH imp.
MpaqHoe JiHn;6. A gloomy face. to rush, to dash
MpaHHoe Hacxpoenne. A dismal JIomaAb MHiixcH. The horse is rush-
mood. MpaHHHe mhcjih. Sombre i^S- If^S- BpeMfl MHHXCH. Time
thoughts. flies.
M^/^PIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form Mbl pron., gen., ace. Hac, dat. HaM,
MyAp, MyApa, My^plo, -h; adv. instr.HaMH, prepos. o Hac we
MyAPo wise MlilJIO neut., no pi. soap
MbIC 71 HAB

MbIC Jib /. thought, idea 2. in, at

HHTepecHan mhcjii>. An interesting Ha saBOAe atna pa- the works;
idea. FjiySoKaH mhcjib. A profound 66x6 at na ypoKe at the
work;
thought. OparnHajibHaH meicjib. An lesson; na KaBKaae in the Cau-
original idea. Mne b roJiOBy npn- casus; na CeBepe in the North;
mJia MHCJiB. An idea occurred to Ha coSpaHHH at a meeting;
me. y
Hero MejibKHyjia mhcjib. An 3. by
idea flashed across his mind. exaxb Ha aBx66yce, na napoxo^e
MblTb, m6|k), -emb, -iot; imper. moh! to go by bus, by ship;
imp. K r 6? h t o? h e m? / p. bm- 4.: na npomJiOH He^eJie, na axoH
MHTb, BWMO|K), -emb, -IOT to wash He^eJie last week, this week
MbiTb pyKH. To wash one's hands. <> KHHra Ha (|)paHHy3CK0M aabine.
Mhtb noji. To wash the floor. MHTb A book in French.
peSeHKa TenjiOH bo/i;6h. To wash a II. -|- ace.
child with warm water. MbiTb nocy- 1. on
ay mexKOH. To wash the dishes noJiOHtnxb Ha ctoji to put on
with a brush. the table; noBecHXb na cxeny to
MI>ITbCH, Moliocb, -embCH, -iotch hang on the wall;
imp. I p. BHMHTbCH, BHMO|lOCb, -emb- 2.to
CH, -lOTCfl to wash Ha aaBoA to the works; na pa56-
MbiTbCfl To have a hath.
B Banne. xy work; na ypoK to the les-
to
MbiTbCH noA ^ymeM. To take a son; Ha KaBKas to the Caucasus;
shower. MMTbCH mhjiom. To wash Ha Cesep to the North; na co-
with soap. 6paHHe to a meeting;
MilrKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short 3. on
form MaroK, MarKa, mhfkIo, -h; caAHXbca Ha anxoSyc, na napo-
adv. MflrKO; com p. MHrne XOA to get on a bus, to board a
1. soft. MftrKaH no^ymKa. A soft ship;
pillow.MnrKHe bojiocw. Soft hair. 4.: Ha xpexHH j^eRh on the third day.
MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. |
Ha ;i;pyr6H ^enb the next day.
predic. imper s. Ha AHBane 6biJio Ha HoBMH TOjx on the New
MHFKO cnaTb. The divan was soft Year's Day;
to sleep on. 5. for
2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiMMax. A mild Oh yexaji na neAeJiio. He left
climate. MarKHH xapaKxep. A for a week.
mild temper. 6. not translated. Oh cxapme Mena
<> MflrKdH Me5ejib. Soft (uphol- Ha 5 Jiex. He is 5 years older
stered) furniture. MarKHH saroH. than I. 3xox
kocxiom js^opome
A soft-seated railway carriage. Ha 10 pySjieH. This suit is 10
MHCHlOfl, -aa, -6e, -bie meat roubles dearer.
MacHue npofl;yKTH. Meat products. <> nepeeecTH na 4>P^Hi^y3CKHH
MacHOH cyn. Meat soup. HSbTK. To translate into French.
MflCO neut., no pi. meat HABJIH)AA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.
IlHpojKKH c MHCOM. Meat pies. H T 0? 3 a H e M? to observe, to
MRH m., gen. -a ball watch
OyxSdjibHHH Maq. A football. Bo- Ha6Jii0AaTb sa ABHjKeHHCM njianex.
JieH66JibHbiH Maq. A volleyball. To observe the movement of planets.
Mh Ha6jiK)AaJiH, nan 3axofl;iijio
H, H cojiHHie. We
watched the sun set-
HA prep. ting.
I. + prepos. HABEPHO(E) paren. word probably
1. Qn HaBepHoe, oh ceroAHH ne npH^ex.
JiOKaxb Ha cxojie to lie {to be) on He will probably not come today.
the table; BHcexb na cxeae to hang Tu noHAemb b Myaen? H ne —
on the wall; nncaxb na 6yMare 3HaK) TO^HO, HO, HaBCpHO, HOH^y.
to write on paper; ''Will you go to the museum?"
HAB 72 HA3

"/ don^t know for sure, but probably 1. to put on. HaAesaxb najibxo,
I shall." fflJiany, nepnaxKH, map$. To
HABEPX adv. Kysa? upward, up- put on an overcoat, a hat, gloves,
stairs a scarf. HaAexb naJibxo na pe-
Mh noAHHJiHCB HaBepx, Ha dhthh 6eHKa. To put a coat on a child.
axaw. We went up to the fourth 2. to put on. HaAexb ohkii. To put
floor. on one's spectacles.
HABEPXS" adv. r fl e? above, upstairs
HAA^HCAA /. hope
Mh cjiumaJiH, KaK
b KOMHaie na- Bojibmne naAewAM. Great expecta-
Bepxy rpoMKO a dotom na-
neJiH, tions.
qaJiH xaHUGBaTB. We heard people
in the room upstairs sing loudly HAA^Tb see HA^EBATb
and then begin dancing. HA^ElflTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch
HABECTfiTb imp.
see HABEin[ATb
HABEmA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.
1. Ha 4x6? or -{- inf. to hope.
K o r 6? q T
0? / p. naBelcTHTB, -my, HaAenxbcH na ycnex, na no6eAy.
-CT^mb, -CTHT to visit To hope for success, for vic-
tory. H. HaAeiocb yBiiAexb xe6H
HaBeCTHTb GoJibHoro TOBapnma. To
visit a sick friend.
aaBxpa. / hope to see you tomor-
row.
HABCErj^A adv. for ever
H ye3>Kaio h3 3Toro r6pofl;a uaBcer- 2. to hope, HaAeiocb na xo, hxo
fl

;^a. / am leaving this city for good.

^aBxpa noroAa
6yAex Jiynme.
/ hope the weather will be better
HABCTPE^y adv. & prep. + dat. to tomorrow.
meet one, in the opposite direction Sua K r 6? h a h x 6? to rely.
Bexep j^yji naBCTpeiy. The wind HaAeflXbCH na APyra. To rely
blew in our faces. HaBCTpeqy saM
on one's friend. HaAeaxbCfl na
meji HeJiOBGK. A man was ap- KOJiJieKXHB. To rely, on the collec-
proaching us.
tive.
HAFPA^A /. award HAJIO KOMy? qeMy? + m/. it is
BiicoKaa Harpa^a. A high award. necessary,must
IIoJiyqwTb uarpaAy. To receive an Te6e uaAO Muoro aaHHMaxbCH. You
award. must study a lot. Mne HaAO 6hjio
HAPPAAflTb see HArPAmflATb Bqepa BCxaxb b 7 nacoB. / had to
HAPPAHCJIAlTb, -K), -emb. -k)t imp. get up at 7 o'clock yesterday.
Ko q T 0? q e M? a a h t 6?/p.
r 6?
Harpal^wTb, -jKy, -fl;Hmb, -^ht to HAJ^OEJ^AlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
award KOMy? HGMy? & -j- inf. I p. Ha-
HarpaAHTb opAenoM Aoecxb, HaAoeM, naAoemb, HaAoecx,
aa noABHr. To
award an order for a feat.
HaAoeAHM, HaAoeAHTe, naAoeAflx,
HAPPETb past HaAoeJi, -a, -o, -h to be bored,
see FPETb, 4
to be tired (of)
HAA (HAAO) prep. instr. + 3x0 MHe HaAoeJio. / am tired of
1. over. Ha A ctojiom bhcht JiaMna.
A light hangs over the table.
this. HaM
HaAoeJia njioxan noroAa-
IlTHi^bi jieiaiOT HaA MopeM. The We are tired of the bad weather.
birds are flying over the sea. Mne naAoejio roBopnxb o6 9tom. /
2. above, over. HaAO mhoh myMtiT am tired of speaking about that. Mhg
AepeBO. A
tree is rustling above
HaAoeJio HHHero He AeJiaxb. / am
me. Mh ctohjih na bhcokom 6e- bored with doing nothing.
pery, uaA peKoa. We were stand- HAAOECTb see HAAOE^AXb
ing on the high bank, over the river. HA3AA adv.
3. at. PaCoxaTb naA AOKJiaAOM. To 1. KyA^? back. Hahxg HasaA- Go
work at a report. back. H HOCMOxp^Ji HaaaA- /
HAJ^EBAITb, -K), -emb, -h)t imp. looked back.
HTO? Ha K r 6? ha ^t6?/ 2. a^o. Mh npnexajin 3 MecHua Ha-
p. HaAelxb, -Hy, -nemb, -Hyx SEA- We arrived 3 months ago.
 ,

HA3 73 HAJI

9to 6hjio MHoro jigt TOMy Ha- HAKAHYHE

3aA. That was many years ago. 1. adv. the day before. HaKaHyne
HA3BAHHE neut. name, title MH 6mjih b khho. We were at
HasBaHHe poMana, KHiirn, khho- the cinema the day before.
^HJibMa. The name of a novel, book, 2. prep, -f- gen. on the eve. HaKa-
film.
nyne HoBOro roAa. On New
Year's eve. HaKanyne npaa^HH-
HA3BATb see HA3HBATb Ka, flHH pojKAeHHH. On the eve
HA3HAHA|Tb, -lo, -emb,^ -iot imp. of the holiday, on the eve of
q T o? K M
y? q e M y? K o r 6?
II one's birthday.
q T 0? K e M? q e M? / jD. HaaHaqJHTb, HAKJIOHflTbCH see HAKJIOHilTb-
-y, -Hfflfa, -ax CH
1. to fix. HaanaqaTb CBHAaHHe. To HAKJIOHillTbCH, -locb, -embra,
make an appointment. HasHaqnxb -MXCH imp. I p. HaKJIOHMXbCH, ua-
co6paHHe na 6 qacoB. To fix KJIOHIOCb, HaKJiOHHmbCH, HaKJIQ-
the meeting for 6 o'clock. Hflxcfl to bend
2. to appoint. HaanaqHTb kofo-jih- Maxb HaKJioHHJiacb Ha^ peSeuKOM.
6o fl;HpeKTopoM. To appoint some- The mother bent over her child.
body director. HAKOHEp; adv. at last
3. to prescribe. HasnaqHTb 6ojib- HaKonen; oh npnmeji. At last he
HOMy JieKapcTBO. To prescribe has come.
medicine for a patient. HAKOPMflTb see KOPMflTb
HA3HAHHTb see HA3HAqATb HAKPbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
HA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. q X 0? q e M? / /?. HaKpwxb, HaKpolK),
K r 6? q T 0? jo. HasBaxb, HasoBJy -emb, -lox to cover
/
-emb, -yx HaKpHXb cxoJi CKaxepxbio. To cover
1. to name. HaaoBHxe pyccKHX nn- the table with a table-cloth.
caxeJien, KoxopHx bh anaexe. HAKPblBAjTbCH, -locb, -embCH,
Name the Russian writers you -lOxcH imp. ^eu? / p. naKptixbcH,
know. HaaoBHxe 6oJibmHe ropo;i,a HaKp6|K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch to cover
Bamen cxpaHH. Name the large oneself
cities ofyour country. HaKpHBaxbCH OAenJiOM. To cover
2. to name. Ee nasBajiH KaxH (Ka- oneself with a blanket. HaKpuBaxbCH
xew). She was named Katya. nJian^oM. To cover oneself with a
raincoat.
HA3bIBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rare-
HAKPb'ITb see HAKPblBATb
ly used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl
HAKPb'ITbCH see HAKPblBATbCH
to be called
HAJIEBO adv.
KaK Ha3HBaexcfl Sxa yjiHn;a? What
1. Ky^a? to the left. IIohxh, no-
is the name of this street? KaK na-
exaxb, noBepnyxb naJieBO. To go,
BHBaexcfl KHHOxeaxp?
3X0X What to drive, to turn to the left.
is the name of this cinema?
2. r^e? on, at, to the left {cf.
HAH3^CTb adv. by heart CJIEBA). HaJieBO ox namero flOMa
Bnaxb nanaycxb. To know by heart. naxoAHXCH MaraanH. To the left
yqnxb HanaycxB. To learn by heart. of our house is a shop.
HAflTfl see HAXOAflTb & HCKATb HAJIHBAjTb, -TO, -emb, -lox q x o?
HAKA3ATb see HAKA3bIBATb (q e r 6?) k o m y? k y a a? imp./
HAKA3bIBA|Tb, -k), -emb, -lox imp. p. HaJiHXb, naJib|i6, -emb, -lox; imper.
K r 6? q X o? a a q x o?//*. naKa- HaJieH, past najiHJi, naJiHJia, najin-
aaxb, HaKajKy, naKaJKemb, iiaKajKyx Ji|o,-H to pour out
to punish HaJiHBaxb rocxK) qaio. To pour out
HaKaaaxb peSenKa aa hjioxoh no- tea for the guest. HaJiiixb boabi b
cxynoK. To punish a child for mis- rpa|)HH. To fill a carafe with water.
behaviour. HaKaaaxb qeJiOBeKa aa HAJIflTb see HAJlHBATb
npecxynjienne. To punish a person HAJlOr m. tax
\ for committing a crime. Bhcokhb naJioFH. High taxes.
HAO 74 HAP

IIOAOXOAHHH HaJior. Income tax. HAHPABJlHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH,

IIJiaTHTB naJior. To pay a tax. -lOXCH imp. K KOMV? Kyfl;a?/
HAOBOPOT adv. p. HanpalBHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH,
1. the other way round. Oh Bcerj3;a -BHXCH to go
Bce ;^eJIaJI naoSopox. He always HanpaBJifixbCfl na lor. To go to the
did everything the other way round. south. HanpaBHXbCH k ApysbHM,
2. on the contrary. Ona ne 3a- snaKOMLiM. To go to see one's friends,
CMeflJiacb, a, naoGopoT, aanjia- acquaintances. Oh nanpaBHJica k
KaJia. She did
not laugh, on the ABepH. He made for the door.
contrary, she began crying. HAHPABO adv.

HAIIAJ^A|Tb, -K), -euib, -iot imp. iia

1. Ky^a? to the right. ABxoSyc
HOBepnyji nan pa bo. The bus
K r 6? Ha
T 0?//). nanacxB, na-
11
turned to the right.
naAly, -enib, -yx, past nanaji, -a, -o,
2. r^eP^on, at, to the right {of.
-H to attack
CnPABA). HanpaBo — mocx,
Tiirpu HanaAaiox na qeJiOBena. Ti-
gers attack people.
HaJieBO —
ca^. On the right there
is a bridge, on the left, a garden.
HAHACTb see HAHAAATb HanpaBO ox BOKsaJia —
SoJibmaa
HAnEHATATb see nEHATATb rocxHHHita. There is a large ho-
HAnilCATb see HHCATb tel to the right of the railway
HAnOMHHAITb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp. station.
K o M y? u X 0? or o k 6 m? o HAIIPi^tHO adv. wrongly, in vain
4 e M? / p. nanoMHliixb, -lo, -irnib, -hx Tm HanpacHO xaK nocxynaemb. You
1. to remind. Oh HanoMHHJi MHe are wrong in doing that. Oh na-
o HaniHX npeHCHHx Bcxpe^ax. npacHo oS-LHCHflji en oScxanoBKy:
He reminded me of our past OHa HHHero ne xoxeJia noHHMaxb,
meetings. He
tried in vain to explain the sit-
2. K r 6? to remind. Oh nanoM- uation to her: she would not listen
HHJi MHe o;];Hor6 MejioBena. He to anything.
reminded me of a certain person. HAIIPHMEP paren. word for example
HAnOMHHTb see HAllOMHHATb GJioBa cpeAHero po^a b pyccKOM
HAHPABHTb see HAHPABJlHTb HSMKe HMeiOX OKOHHaHHH -0 H -e.
HanpHMep, okho h Mope. Russian
HAHPABHTbCH see HAHPABJIilTb- words of the neuter gender have the
CH ending -o or -e. For example:
IIAnPABJIEHHE neut. OKHO and Mope.
1. direction. HanpaBJiemie ;];BHjKe- HAnPOTHB
HHH. The direction of a move- 1. adv. opposite. MarasMH Hax6;i;HX-
ment. rioesAa HAyx b pasHMX Cfl nanpoxHB. The shop is op-
HanpaBJieHHHX. The trains are go- posite.
ing in different directions. 2. prep, -\-gen. opposite. HanpoxHB
2. school. JiHxepaxypHoe nanpaBJie- o5me>KHXHfl Hax6j];HXCfl SojibmoH
HHe. A
literary school. HanpaB- MarasHH. Opposite the hostel is a
JieHHe B MysLiKe, b jkhbohhch. large shop.
A
school of music, painting. HAOPHHCEHHE neut., no pi.
<> no HanpaBJieHiiH) k... In the 1. straining. HanpHH^eHne Bcex chji.
direction of... A straining of all one's efforts.
IIAnPABJlH|Tb, -10, -emb,^ -lox imp. 2. tension. Tok BMcoKoro nanpn-
Koro? Hxo? K KOMy?Kyji;a?/ HteHHH. High tension current,
p. Hanpa|BHXb, -BJIIO, -BHfflb, -BflX fig. MemAynapoAHoe HanpHwe-
to send HHe. International tension.
/lloKxop HanpaBHJi mchh b canaxo- HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBAXb
pHH. The doctor sent me to a sana- HAPOA m.
torium. MeHH HanpaBHJiH k Bpany. 1. people, nation. PyccKHH HapoA.
/ was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHXb The Russian people. HapoAU
na pa66xy. To send to work. MHpa. The peoples of the world.
HAP 75 HAy

2. only sing, people. Mnoro napoAa nacMopK. / have a cold in the head.
(napoAy). ^ ^
lot of people. JleKapcxBo ox naCMopKa. A medi-
MnxepecH napoAa. The interests cine for a cold in the head.
of the people. HpocTOH napoA- HACTOnHHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short
Ordinary people. form HacxoHHHB, -a, -o, -h; adv.
HAPO^HIblfl, -an, oe, -me HacxoHHHBo persistent
1. folk. HapoAHoe hckvcctbo. Folk HacxoHinBLiH neJiOBeK. A persis-
HapoflHbie necHH. Folk songs.
art. tentperson. HacxoHHnBUH xapaK-
2. national. HapoAHoe xo3hhctbo. xep. A
persistent character. Hacxdn-
National economy. Hapo^Hoe o5- ^iHBaH np6cb6a. A
pressing request.
pasoBaHHe. Public education. CxyAenx HacxonnnBo sannMajicH.
3. people's. HapoAHbiii apincT The student studied persistently
CCCP. A
People's Artist of the HACTOJIbKO adv. so
USSR. HapoAHMH xyA6}KHHK Oh HacxoJibKO rJiyn, hxo nnnero
CCCP. A
People's Artist of the He MOJKex noHflxb. He is so stupid
USSR (graphic art). HapoAHbifi that he doesn't understand anything.
cyA. People's court. HACTOJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, -He
HAPOHHO on purpose
adv. 1. table, desk. HacxoJibHan JiaMna.
Tm cfleJiaJi napoHHo hjih cjiy-
3T0 A desk lamp. HacxoJibHmn Ka-
HaHHO? Did you do it on purpose Jien^apb. A
desk calendar. Ha-
or by accident? cxoJibHbie rirpw. Table games.
HAPyinAlTb, -10, -emb, -kdt imp. 2. fig.: HacxoJibHaH Kmira. A hand-
q T o?/p. HapymJHTb, -y, -ninb, -ax book.
1. to break, to violate. Hapymnxb HACTOilimHH, -an, -ee, -ne real
noKOH. To break the peace. Ha- HacxoHm;ee soJioxo. Real gold. Ha-
pyniHXb xHniHHy, To break the cxoHmaH JiioSoBb. True love.
silence. Hapymnxb nopH^OK. To <> B nacTOflmee epeMH. At pres-
break the peace. Hapymnxb rpa- ent.
Hiiny. To violate the border. Ha- HACTPOEHHE neut.
pymnxb AoroBop. To violate a 1. mood, y MeHH ceroAHH njioxoe
treaty. Hacxpoenne. / am in a bad mood
2. to break. Hapymnxb cjiobo. To today.
break one's word. 2. inf ., usu. in negative sentences.
-(-

HAPyniHTb see HAPyniATB yMeH^ Hex HacxpoeHHH pac-

HAPU^HlblH, -an, -oe, -we CKasbiBaxb. / am not in a
1. well-dressed. HapH^HaH aeBym- talking mood.
Ka. A
well-dressed girl. HACXynAlTbi, 1st & 2nd pers. not
2. smart. HapH^Hoe njiaxbe. A used, 3rd pers. -ex, -lox imp./
smart dress. p. Hacxynnxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. population used, 3rd pers. Hacxynnx, iiacx}'^-
HaceJienne cxpaHbi. The population HHx to come
of a country. Hacejienne ropo^a. HacxyuHJio yxpo. Morning came.
The population of a city. Mitpnoe HACTyilAlTb2, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
Hacejiemie. Civilian population. Ha Koro? Ha qxo?//?. nacxy-
HACKBOSb adi;. through HMXb, nacxynJiK), nacxynnmb, Ha-
HpoMOKHyxb HacKBOsb. To get wet cxynnx
through. 1. to tread. Hacxynnxb qejioBeKy
HACKOJIbKO adv. how much Ha Hory. To tread on a person's
HacKoJibKo 9X0 pemenne Jiyqme foot.
npeJKHeroI How much
better this 2. imp. only to be on the offensive.
decision is than the old one! ApMUfl Hacxynaex. The army is
HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the on the offensive.
head HACXynflTb see HACTyHATbi &
CnJibHMH HacMopK. A bad cold in HACXynATb^, 1.
the head. JlerKHH HacMopK. A HA^KA /. science
slight cold in the head. Y mchh 3aHHMaxbCfl nayKon. To be a
HAy 76 HEA

scientist. EcTecTBeHHtie nayKH. -emb, -yx, past Hanair, nanajia, na-

Natural sciences. ryMaHHxapHLie najilo, -H
HayKH. Humanities. Hannnaxb ypoK. To begin a lesson.
HAYHflTb see yHflTb, 2 Ha^axb peHb. To begin a speech.
HAYHflTbCfl see yHflTbCH Haqaxb pa66xaxb. To begin work-
HA'^HHlLlfl, -aH, -oe, -ue scientific ing. HaHHHaxb yqnxbCH. To begin
HayiHaH pa66Ta. Scientific work. going to school, to begin studying. |
HayHHuii pa66THHK. A research HAMHHA|TbCH, pers. not
1st & 2nd 1
worker. HayHHwe xpyAH. Scientific used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -ioxch imp./
works. HayqHan CnCJiHOTeKa. A p. HanaxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not
scientific library. HayHHoe CTy^eH- used, 3rd pers. na^Hexcfl, Haqnyx-
HecKoe 66mecTBo. A students' CH, past HanaJicH, Hanajilacb, -ocb,
scientific society. -picb to begin
3aBxpa Ha^HHaexcH hobwh yqe6HbiH
HAXOJl,flTb, HaxoHty, HaxoAumb, na-
roA.The new school (academic) year
xoflHT imp. K r 6? h t o?/jo. nan-
begins tomorrow. *
TH, HaHflly, -einb, -yr, past nameji,
Hamji|a, -6, -h to find
HAin, -a, -e, -h pron. our, ours

HaiiTH HyjKHyK) Bemb. To find the

HE particle not
thing needed. HaHTW hobmh Mexoji
Oh He yMeex roBopnxb no-pyccKH.
paSoTbi. To find a new method of
He cannot speak
Russian. 3xo He
cxoJi. This is not a table. 3x0 He
work. HaxoflHTb pa^ocTb b MysbiKe.
o^etfh HHxepecHbiii (|)KJibM. This is
To find pleasure in music.
not a very interesting film. 3x0 He
<> MecTa ce6e ne Haxo^HTb. To
njioxo, a xopomo. This is not bad,
fret. He HaxOAHTb cjiob. Words
fail one.
it is good. Ero He 6biJio AOMa. He
was not at home.
HAXO^flTbCH, naxojKycb, naxoAHrab- HEBO neut., pi. HeSeca, He5ec. He6e-
CH, naxoAHTCH imp. to be (situated) caM, etc. sky
BoJibraoH Teaip naxoAHTCH b n;eHT- FoJiySoe He6o. A blue sky. Becen-
pe MocKBbi. The Bolshoi Theatre Hee He6o. A
spring sky.
is in the centre of Moscow. <0> HonacTb naJibu,eM b iie6o Cf.
HAUiHOHAJIbHOCTb /. nationality To find a mare's nest.
Kto no HamionajibHocTH? What
bli HEBECTA /. fiancee
is your nationality? B CoBexcKOM HE^J^E adv. nowhere
Coio.ie MHoro HaixHonajibHocTen. Bee Mecxa aanflXH, nerAe cecxb.
There are many nationalities in All the seats are taken, there is
the Soviet Union. nowhere to sit.
HAI^HOnAjIbHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we HE^ABHO adv. recently
1. national. HannonajibHaH Kyjibxy- npnexajiH b Mockby HCAaBHo.
Mbi
pa. National culture. We hove come to Moscow recently
2. national. HanHonaJibHWH koc- HE^AJIEKO adv. r a e? not far
TioM. National dress. ToBapHHi WHBex HeAajiGKo ox mc-
HAHAJIO neut. Hfl. My
friend lives not far from
1. beginning. naxoflHTcn b na-
JJ^ou me.
najie yjiHn;H. The house is at the HEAEJIH /. week
beginning of the street. JIhh HCAeJiH. The days of the week.
2. beginning. Haqajio yHe6Horo ro- Ha 3X0H HeAeJie. This week. Hepea
fla. The beginning of the school HeAeJiK). In a week. Tpn paaa b ne-
year. HaqaJio sanHTHH b 10 la- AeJiK). Three times a week. Mm
c6b. Lessons start at 10 o'clock. CAeJiacM 3xy paSoxy aa neAeJiio.
HAHAJIbHHK m. chief
We shall do this work in a week.
<> y Hero ceMb nHTHUH he He^e-
flAHATb see HAHHHATb He does not know his
Jie. own mind.
HAHATbCfl see HA^HHATbCH HE^OCTATIOK m., gen. -Ka draw-
HA^HHAlTb, -K), -emb,^ -k)t imp. back, shortcoming, defect
H T 0? & + inf' I P' naqaib, naiHly, HeAOCxaxKH b paooxe. Shortcomings
HE5K 77 HEC

in work. V Hero MHoro ne^ocTaT- HeMHoro noryjinn h npHXOHii flOMOH.

KOB. He has many defects. Go for a short walk and then come
HE^H|klQ, -an, -oe, -He, short form home, y Hac HeMHoro BpeMenn. We
HeJKeH, HejKHa, nemnlo, -h; adu. have little time left.
HeJKHO HEHABfllAETb, ->Ky, -Anmb, .J^flx

1. tender,affectionate. He>KHoe imp. Koro? q x o? to hate

HyBCTBo. A
tender feeling. Uem- H HenaBHwy axoro qejiOBCKa. /
HUH BsrJiHA. An affectionate look. hate that man.
2. tender. HeMcnaH KOJKa. Tender HEHABHCTb /., no pi. k KOMy?
skin. K H M y? hatred
e
3. tender. HeJKHtiH i^Bex. tender A HEOBXOJ^flM|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short
colour. form HeoSxoAHM, Heo6xoAHM|a, -o,
HE3ABHCHM0CTb /., no pi. indepen- -h; adv. neoSxoAWMO necessary
dence HeoSxo^HMHe Bemn. Necessary
CBOooaa H HeaaBiTCHMOCTb CTpanu. things. HeoSxoAHMbie KHiirH. The
The freedom and independence of a books one needs. Heo6xoAHMo crje-
country. Jiaxb onepan;Hio. An operation is
HE3ABflCHMlMlJ, -an, -oe, -me, short necessary.
form neaaBiicHM, -a, -o, -h; adv. HEOBblKHOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He;
HesaBHCHMO independent adv.HeoSHKHOBeHHO unusual
HeaaBHCHMMH xapaKxep. An inde- HeoSHKHOBeHHoe nyxemecxBHe. An
pendent character. HesaBHCHMoe ro- unusual journey.
cy^apcTBO. An independent state. HEOHCflaAHHIblfl, -aa, -oe, ne; adv.
HEKOrjIjA no time
adv. HeojKHAaHHO unexpected
Oh oHeHb MHoro paSoxaex, eMy ne- HeoHtH^aHHoe coSbixne. An unex-
Kor^a ryjiHTb. He works a lot, he pected event. HeoHtWAauHHii npnesji;.
has no time to go for walks. Mne An unexpected arrival Oxen Bep-
ceroflHH HeKor;;a. Fve no time to- HyjiCH Heo>Kii;;aHHO. The father re-
day. turned unexpectedly.
HEKOTOPIblH, -an, -oe, -He pron. HEPBHIbin, an, -oe, -ne
some 1.nervous. HepBuaa cncxesvia The
1. B HeKOTopHX paHOHax cxpanH nervous system.
npomJiH AOHt^n. It rained in 2. nervous. HepBHHii ^leJiOBeK. A
some parts of the country. nervous person.
2. only pi. Bee cjiymaJiH c HHxe- 3. nervous. HepBune SoJieann. Ner-
pecoM, HeKoxopne CMeHJiHCb. vous diseases.
Everybody listened with interest, HECKOJIbKlO num., gen. -hx several
some people laughed. Ha coSpaHHH BbicxynuJio necKOJibKO
HEKyj^A adv. nowhere qejioBeK. Several people spoke al
y MeHH Hex agecb anaKOMHx, Mne the meeting. Ha 3KCKypcHH ne 5hjio
HeKyAa haxh. I've no friends here, HecKOJibKHX cxyAenxoB. Several stu-
I've nowhere to go to. dents were absent from the excur-
UEJlhSU -\-inf , KOMy? sion.
1. it is impossible. 3xy sa^aqy pe- HECMOTP}! HA prep. +acc. in spite of
miixb HeJib3H. This problem can- HecMOxpn na njioxyio noroAy,
not be solved. MH xofl;uJiH ryjiflxb In spite of
2. one must not. HeJibsa myMexb the bad weather we went out for a
B KOMHaxe SoJibHoro. You must walk.
not make a noise in the sickroom. ^ HecMOTpfl HH Ha qxo. In spite
3Aecb KypHXb UQJihsA. Smoking of everything.
is prohibited here. Mne neJibSH HEC|Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nee, nec-
MHoro 6eraxb. / am not allowed |Jia, -Jio, -JiH, imp. Hxo? Ky«a?
to run for a long time. 1. to carry. Hecxw qeMoaan. To
HEMHOrO adv. (a) little carry a suit-case. HecxH pe6eH-
H saHHMaJica ceroflHH neMHoro, / Ka na pynax. To carry a child
studied for a short time today. in one's arms. Hecxii KHiirn b
 .

HEC 78 HHH

6H6JiHOTeKy. To carry the books HHr^E ac^y. nowhere

to the library. Bwjio yjKe hosaho, HHr^e He 6ujio
2. fig. to bear. HecxH oTBexcTBeH- BH^HO JHOAeii. It was already late^
HOCTb. To bear the responsibili- no people could be seen anywhere.
ty. HecTH HaKaaaHHe. To bear Hnrfle ne Mory Kyniixb axoro yHe6-
the punishment. HecTH noxepH. HHKa. / can't buy this text-book
To suffer losses. anywhere. HHr^e Hex cbo66ahhx
HECHACTHIbin, -an, -oe, -ue un- Mecx. There are no vacant seats
lucky, unfortunate anywhere.
HecnacTHBiH neJioBCK. An unlucky HflHCHIHlt, -RH, ee, -ne
person. 1. lower. lluTKEHH noHKa. The lower
<> Hec^acTHWH cjiy^afi. An acci- berth.
dent. 2.:HnjKHee 6eJibe. Underwear.
HECHACTBE neut. misfortune Hfl3K|HB[, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
CjiyHHJiocb HecnacTbe. A misfor- HH30K, HH3Ka, HHBKIo, -H; adv. HH3K0;
tune has happened. comp. HHJKe
HEX particle 1. low. Hh3KHH jj^om. a
low house.
1 no. Bh HAeie b khho? Hex. — 2. low. Hh3khh ypoBeHb >kh3hh.
''Are you going to the cinema?" A low living standard. HH3KaH
''No, I am not.** xeMnepaxypa. A
low temperature.
2. not, no. Y mghh hot axon khh- TeMHepaxypa Hume nyjiH. A
FH. / haven't got that book. Ha temperature below zero. HH3KHe
3X0H yjiHEi;e Hex MarasHHOB. There n;eHbi. Low prices. HiisKoe ffan-
are no shops in this street. Ero Jienne. Low pressure.
Hex flOMa. He is not at home. 3. low. Hhskhh roJioc. A low voice,
HEy^EJlH emphatic particle really HHKOr^A adv. never
HeyjKeJiH bh ne nnxajin axoro po- Oh HHKOFAa He ona3AbiBaji. He
Mana? Haven't you read this novel? never came late.

HEa)Tb no pi. oil

HHKTO pron., gen., ace. hhkofo [-bo],
/.,
dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHKeM, prepos,
MecxopojKAeHne ne^xn. An oil de-
HH o KOM nobody
posit. ^o6HBaxb ne^xb. To extract
Hhkxo He 3Haex, Kan pemnxb 6xy
oil.
sa^a^y. Nobody knows how to solve
H EH AH H HO adv. by accident this problem. H AaBHo yJKe hhkofo
H HenaHEHo pa36HJi cxaKan. / broke He BHAeji. / haven't seen anybody
the glass by accident. for a long time. HHKOMy ne fobo-
HEHEFO pron., dat. ue^eMy, instr. pH o6 3X0M. Don't tell anyone about
HeneM, prepos. He o HeM -j- inf. no- it. Oh HH KOM He xo^ex AyMaxb.
thing He doesn't want to think about
Mne Henero fl,eJiaxb. I've got no- anyone.
thing to do. TaK AyniHO, mo HeneM HHKy/^A adv. nowhere
flbimaxb. It's so stuffy: one can y MCHH Hjioxoe Hacxpoenne, h a
hardly breathe. Mne ne o hcm 66Jib- HHKyAa He xojKy. I am in a bad
me roBopnxb. I've nothing else to mood and I don't go anywhere.
say. HeHeMy paAOsaxbCH. There's HflTlKA /., gen. pi. -ok thread
nothing to be happy about. KaxymKa hhxok. A reel of thread.
HH particle not a BAexb HiixKy b HFOJiKy. To thread
Ha neSe hh oSJiaqna. There is not a needle.
a single cloud in the sky. HHHErO [BO]
HH HH conj. neither... nor 1. adv. not bad. KaK h Hanncaji
Hh
...

;^HeM, hh Ho^bio ne npeKpama- KOHxpoJibHyio pa66xy? —

Hnne-
Jiacb pa66xa. Work went on day f6. ''How did write my test-
I
and night without stopping. Hh h, paper?" "Not bad."
HH MOH 6paX HHKOFAa HC 6bIJIH B 2. particle that's all right. H3bh.
MocKBe. Neither my brother nor HHxe, nojKajiyHcxa. HnHero.—
myself has ever been to Moscow. "Excuse me." "That's all right.**
HH^I 79 HOC

HHHTO [-mxo] pron., gen. HHHer6[-Bo], H03KIKA /., gen. pi. -bk leg
dat.HHHGMy, instr. HnqcM, prepos. HoJKKa cTOJia, CTyjia. The leg of a
HH o n'eu nothing table, chair.
Oh HHHero ne 3HaeT. He does not HOHCHHIUbl no sing., gen. mmuRU,
know anything. Oh HHqeMy ne Ha- scissors
y^MJiCH. He
didn't learn anything. OcTpHe HOJKHHniLi. Sharp scissors.
Oh HH^eM He HHTepecj^eiCH. He is
HOJI|b m., gen. -h zero
not interested in anything. H He
<> Hoesfl npnmeji b ABeHafliiaxb
Mor HH HCM ;i;yMaTb. / couldn't
think of anything.
HOJib-HOJib. The train arrived at
twelve sharp.
HO conj. but
C6JiHii;e cseTHT, ho ne rpeeT. The HOMEP m., pi. -a
sun is shining, but not giving
it is 1. number. HoMep ji^oMa. The num-
any warmth, fl BHepa bbohhji Te6e, ber of a house. HoMep TpaMBaa.
HO Te6H He 6hjio jioua. I rang The number of a tram. HoMep
you up yesterday, but you were TeJie(|)6Ha. A
telephone number.
not at home. 2. issue. AnpeJiBCKHH HOMep JKyp-
HOBO^OJ^H|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne New- najia. The April issue of the
Year magazine.
HoBoroAHHH HOHB. New-Year night. 3. room. HoMep b rocTHHHii;e. A
HoBoroAHHe nosApaBJienHH. New- hotel room.
Year messages. HoBoroAHHe nojKe- 4. size. HoMep 6othhok, nepqaTOK.
JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoro^- The size of shoes, gloves.
HHH 6aJi. A New-Year ball. 5. item. HoMep b Konr^epTHOH npo-
H0BOCT|b / , gen. pi. -en rpaMMe. An item on the concert
1. news. Goo6n5aTb hoboctb. To programme. UjupKOBOH HOMep.
tell the news. Xoporane hobocth. A turn in the circus. HcnoJiHHTb
Good news. HOMep. To perform an item.
2. only pL: Hobocth ^hh. Newsreel. HOPMA norm, standard, quota
/.
Hobocth nayKH h TexHHKH. The HopMa BLipaSoTKH. An output
latest developments in science and To
standard. BHnoJiHHTb HopMy.
technology. carry out the quota. IlepeBLinoJi-
HOBIBIH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form HHTb HopMy. To exceed the
hob, HOBa, h6b|o, -h quota.
1. new. HoBtiH ;i;om. A new house.
HoBoe HJiaTte. A new dress. HOPMAJIbHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short

2. new. HoBan KHiira. A new book. form HopMaJieH, HopMaJibuja, -o,

HoBHH HeJiOBBK. A new man. -Li; normal

adv. HopMajiLHO

3. modern. HoBafl hctophh. Modern HopMaJibHan TeMnepaTypa. Normal

temperature. HopMaJiBHoe ^aBJieHHe.
history.
4. new. HoBMH ro^;. New Year.
Normal pressure. HopMajibHBie yc-
JiOBHfl Tpy^a. Normal conditions
HOrA /., ace. Hory; pi. Horn, nor, for work.
HoraM, etc. foot, leg
Bmmmtb Horn. To wash one's feet.
HOC m., prepos. o Hoce & na (b) ho-
cy; pi. -LI
BwTHpaHTe Horn. Wipe your feet.
<> Hath b Hory c BeKOM. To keep
1. nose. IIpHMOH HOC. A straight
nose.
abreast of time.
2. bow. Mw cH/^eJIH na nocy jioa-
HOriOTB m., gen. -th; gen. pi. -tch KH. We were sitting in the bow
(finger) nail
of the boat.
KycaTB HorTH. To bite one's nails.
HoBCCHTb HOC. To be crestfallen.
<0'
UOliK m., gen. -a knife BoAHTb Kor6-HH6yAb aa hoc. To
OcTpwH HO?K. A sharp knife. Tynon lead somebody by the nose. He bh-
HOJK. A
blunt knife. PesaTb xjie6 AGTb Aajibine c66cTBeHHoro Hoca.
HOJKOM. To cut bread with a knife. Not to see further than one's
nepoqHHHHH HOW. pen-knife. A nose.
HOC 80 OBE

HOCflTb, Homy, Hocnmb, hocht imp. HyJKAAlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -k)tch

Koro? HTO? KyAa? imp. B K o M? B H e M? to need
1. to carry. KawAWH achl noq- BoJibHOH HyjKAaeTCfl b CBe>KeM Boa-
TaJiLOH iiocHT naM noHTy. Every ayxe. The patient needs fresh air.
day the postman brings us our H^^aCHO KOMy? ^ieMy? + m/. &+
post. Oh hcScht KHwrii b nopx- conj. q T 6 6 u it is necessary, must
(|)ejie. He carries his books in HaM HVJKHO MHoro aauHMaxbCH. We
his bag. must study a lot. HyjKHO, ht66h
2. to wear. Hochtb MHrKyio nuia- B KOMHaTe .6mjio HiicTO. The room
ny. To wear a ioft hat. Hochtb must be clean.
6ycBi, cepbrii. To wear beads, H^iKHlblfl, -afl, -oe, -He, short form
ear-rings. nymeu, Hy>KHa, HyjKHO, uywHw
HOCKfl pi., gen. hockob, sing, hocok, K o M y? H e M y? necessary, that is
m., gen. HOCKa socks needed
niepcTHHije HOCKH. Woollen socks. HyjKHHH qejiOBeK. A man who is
ITapa nocKOB. A pair of socks. needed. Hwkhhh yq66HHK. A ne-
IIOTAI /. cessary text-book. 3Ta KHiira nyw-
1. note. BsHTb BHCoKyio (HiisKyio) Ha MHC ceroAHfl. / need this book
HOTy. To sing a high (low) note. today. Mne nyjKHbi lyi^Jin. I need
2. no sing, music. HrpaTb no HoxaM. shoes. 3tot yqeSHHK mhc ne HyjKen.
To play from music. Hrpaib / don't need this text-book.
6e3 HOT. To play without music.
HOTAa f note
Hoia npoTecxa. A note of protest. O, o
Hoxa coBexcKoro npaBHxeJibcxBa.
A note of the Soviet Government. (OB, OBO) prep, -f prepos. &. ace.
HOHHlOfl, -afl, -6e, -tie night 1. -\- prepos. about, of. 3a56THTbCfl
Ho^iHaH xnmiiHa. The silence of the SAOpoBbe. To take care of one's
night. HoHHaH CMena. The night health. JlyMaTh o poAHue. To think
shift. HoHHaH py6amKa. A night- about one's country. Me^TaTb
gown, a night-shirt. 6yAyn;eM. To dream of the future.
HOH|b gen. pi. -eii night
/., Hnxaxb KHwry o mmun
cobot-
THxaH HOib. A
quiet night. Jlyn- CKOH MOJiOAeJKH. To read a book
HaH Hoqb. A
moonlit night. Sbgsa- about the life of Soviet youth.
Han HOHb. A
starlit night. B no'ib noji; BocnoMHHaHHfl o6 OTn;e. Reminis-
HoBbiH rofl. On New-Year's night. cences (memories) of one's father.
<> CnoKouHoii (a65poh) eoqu. 2. -{-ace. on. Bojihm SiiJincb o 6e-
Good-night/ per. The waves beat on the shore.
HOHbK) adv. at night OBA m. & neut., gen. o66hx; 66e /.,
HoHbK) OH cnaJi necnoKoHHO. He gen.oSenx num. both
spent a restless night. BMspa HOHbio 06a APyra yqaTCfl b HHCTHTyTe.
kt6-xo nocxyqaji k naM b okho. Both friends study at the institute.
Last night somebody was knocking 06e A6BymKH xopomo xaHn;eBajiH.
at our window. Both the girls danced well.
HOflBP|b m., gen. -h, no pi. Novem- OBE^ m. dinner
ber BKycHUH o6eA. A tasty dinner.
HPA|BHTbCH, -BJiiocb, -BnmbCH, -bat- 06eA H3 xpex 6jik)a. A three-course
ch imp. KOMy? ^eMy? &-f- ^^f/ dinner.
p. nOHpalBHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH, <> 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. IIpHrjia-
-BHXCH to like CHTb HE o6eA. To invite to dinner.
Mne o^eHb npaBHTCfl 3Ta ^eBymKa. OBE^AjTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
/ like that girl very much. Khho- p. noo6eAa|Tb, -lo,-emb, -iot to have
$lfJIbM HaM He HOHpaBHJICH. We dinner
didn't like the film. BaM npaBHTCH OSeAaTb b ctojioboh. To have dinner
ryjiHTb .3Aecb? Do you like taking at a dining-hall. BbiCTpo nood^Aaxb.
walks here? To have a quick dinner.
0B& 81 OBP

OBECIl£HHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox OBMAHyXb see OBMAHblBATb

imp. Kor6? HGM? or KOMy? OBMAHblBAITb, -10, -emb, -rox imp.
H T o?//7. o6ecne'9|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax K o r 6?/p. oSManyxb, oSinany, o6Ma-
to provide Hemb, oSManyx to deceive
OSecneqHTb cxpoHTejibCTBO Mama- ToBapnn; roBopiiJi, qxo npH^ex, ho
HaMH. To provide machinery for a oSManyji: ne npHmeji. The friend
construction project. said he would come, but he didn't
OBECneqHTB see OBECnEHHBATb keep his word.
OBEmAlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. & p. <^ OSMaeyxb HaAe»cflbi. To dis-
K M H X 0? -f- inf. / p. also no-
y? appoint somebody's hopes. OGManyTfa
o6ema|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox to promise AOBepne. To betray somebody's trust.
fl o6emaK) BHHOJiHHXb Bamy npocb- OBMEHHTbCH see MEHilTbCH, 1
6y. / promise to fulfil your re- OBHHMAlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp.
quest. H oSemaio, qxo npn^y k BaM K o r 6?//). o6Hflxb, o6HHMy, o6hh-
ceroAHfl BCHepoM. / promise to come Memb, oSHHMyx, past oOhhji, -a,
and you this evening. Oh (no)-
see 66hhjih to embrace
o6emaji yanaxb o BpeMenn co6pa- 06HHXb Apyra. To embrace one's
HHH. He promised to find out the friend. 06HHXb cxapyio Maxb. To
time of the meeting. embrace one's old mother.
OBJiAETb see OBHaCATb OBHHMAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -ioxch
imp. c K e M?/p. oSHHXbCH, o6hh-
OBflAETbCH see OBHaCATbCfl
Mycb, oSHHMembCH, o6HHMyxcH,
OBflJ^HO predic. impers. (to be)
past o6Hfl|jicH, -jiacb, -jincb to
sorry; (to be) offended
Mne hxo h ne nonaji b
embrace
o6Hfl;HO,
xeaxp. / am sorry I didn't get to
KpeuKO o6HflXbCfl c xoBapnmeM. To
embrace one*s friend heartily,
the theatre.
OBHJKAjTb, -JO, -emb, -lox imp. k o-
OBHUTb see OBHHMATb
t6? / p. o6H|flexb, ->Ky, -;^Hmb, -;^hx
OBHUTbCH see OBHHMATbCH
to offend, to ill-treat
OBOflTfl see OBXOJ^flTb
06iTAeTb APyra. To offend a friend.
OBOPOHA /., no pi. defence
Hejib3H oSnwaxb MajienbKHx. You OBOPy;i;OBAHHE neut., no pi. equip-
mustn't ill-treat the little ones. ment
OBHaCAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -k)xch HoBeamee o6opy;50BaHHe. The most
up-to-date equipment.
imp. Ha Koro? na qx 6?/
p. oGiilaexbCH, -Hcycb, -^nmbCH, -aax- OBPA^OBATb see PAJ^OBATb
CH to take offence, to be offended OBPAAOBATbCfl see PA^OBATbCH
06«AexbCH Ha 6paxa. To take offence 0BPA3 m.
at one's brother. He o5HH;aHCH na 1. character. JlHxepaxj'pHUH: oSpas.
MOii CJiOBa! Don't be offended at my Aliterary character.
words! 2. way. 06pa3 >kh3hh, mwcjih. A
CBJIAKIO neut., pi. -a
way of life, of thinking.
<> TaKHM 65pa30M. So; thus. TjiaB-
1. cloud. flojKAeBoe 65jiaK0. A HMM 65pa30M. Mainly.
raincloud. TpoaoBbie oSjiana.
Thunderclouds. 0BPA30BAHHE neut., no pl._ educa-
2. fig. cloud. OSjiaKO hujih. A dust tion
cloud. IIpaBO Ha o6pa30BaHHe. The right
(3BJIACT|b /., gen. pi. -en to education. Bucmee o6pa30BaHHe.
1. region. 06jiacxb JiecoB. The for- Higher education. IIoJiyqHXb o6pa-
est region. 30BaHHe. To be educated. KaKoe y
2. region. ApxanreJibCKaH 66jiacxb. Bac oSpaaoBStHHe? What education
The Arkhangelsk region. have you?
3. field. HoBan 66jiacxb nayKH. A 0BPA3|0BATb, -^10, -yemb, -yiox
new field of science. imp. & p. qxo?
4. region. 06jiacxb cep^iia. The re- 1. to set up. 06pa30Baxb komhc-
gion of the heart. CHK). To set up a commission.
6—4002
OBP 82 OBT>

2. to form, to make up. ^Ba aiOMa Jimh HOBHH KHH04>HJIbM, AOKJiaA-

BOflopoAa H aioM KHCJiopoAa 06- To discuss a new film, a report.
paayiOT MOJieKyay boaw. Two OBYBb f., no pi. footwear
atoms of hydrogen and one atom OBXOJ^B[Tb, o6xoH{y, odxoAHmb, 06-
of oxygen make up a molecule of XOAHX imp. Koro? HXO?/p. o6oh|-
water. TH, -Ay. -Aemb, -Ayx, past o6omeJi,
0BPA3|0BATLCH, 1st & 2nd per s. o6omJi|a, -6, -h
not used, 3rd pers. yexcfl, -yioTCH 1. to go round. 06ohxh BOKpyr a6-
imp. & p. to be formed Ma. To go round the house.
06pa30BaJiocb HOBoe rocyaapcTBO. 2. to go round. 06ohxh JiyjKy. To
A new state was formed. B peayJib- go round a puddle. O60HXH ropy.
TaTe xHMHqeCKOH peaKAHH o6pa- To go round a hill.
ayeicfl HOBoe BemeciBo. As a re- 3. to visit. O60HXH Bce MaraanHu.
sult of a chemical reaction a new To visit all the shops.
substance is formed. OBmEHCflTHE neut. hostel
OBPATflTb see OBPAmAXb GxyAenqecKoe o6me>KHXHe. A stu-
OBPATflTbCH see OBPAmAXbCH dents' hostel. H{HXb B o6me}KHXHH.
OBPATHIbia, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 06- To live at a hostel.
paTHo return OBlHECTBEHHIblfl, -aa, oe, -He
OCpaTHUH 6HJieT. A return ticket. 1. social. 06ntecxBeHHHH expoH.
Ha oSpaxHOM nyxit. On one's return Social system.
journey. TyAa oh exaJi Ha noeafle, 2. social, public. 06mecxBeHHaa pa^
a oSpaTHOJiexea caMOJieroM. He 466xa. Social work. 06^^ecxBeHHtIe
went there by train and came back opraHH3ai;HH. Public organisa-
by plane. tions.
OBPAmAlTb, -emb, -k)t imp.
-10, <> 06mecTBeHHbiH AeaTCJib. A
q T 0?//). o6pa|THTi>, -my, -THmb, public figure.
-Tax OBmECTBO neut.
06paxHXb BHHMaHHe. To pay atten- 1. society. KoMMyHHCxiWecKoe 66-
tion. 05paxnxe BHHMaHHe na axoro mecxBO. Communist society. Byp-
HCJiOBeKa! Look at that man! wyasHoe 66mecxBO. Bourgeois
OBPAmAjTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch society.
imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/p. o6pa|- 2. society. Haynnoe oSmecxBO. A
xrixbCfl, -myCb, -XHmbCU, -XflXCH to scientific society. CnopxrisHoe
turn (to), to address, to apply 66mecxBO. A sports society. 06-
06paxHXbCH K co5paBmHMCfl. To mecxBO APy>K6bi
c 3apy6e5KHHMH
address a 06paxHXbCH c
meeting. cxpanaMH. A
society of friend-
np6cb6oH K AHpeKxopy. To address ship with foreign countries.
a request to the director. OSpaxHXb- OBmnfl, -aa, -ee, -ne
CH K Bpa^y 3a coeexoM. To turn to 1. common. OSmne HHxepecH. Com-
a doctor for advice. mon interests. 06ni;ee HMymecx-
OBCTAHOBKA /., no pi. BO. Common property. Y hhx bco
1. furniture. OScxanoBKa KoMHaxH. 66mee. They have everything in
The furniture of the room. common.
2. situation, atmosphere. Mew^y- 2. general. 06niiHe BonpocH. Gen-
HapoAHaH oScxaHOBKa. The inter- eral questions.
national situation BeceAa <0> Hex (or ne iiMexb) HB^ero 66-
nporajia b Apy>KecxBeHHOH o6cxa- mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To have
HOBKe. The conversation took nothing to do with somebody /some-
place in a friendly atmosphere. thing. B 66w,eM. In general.
OBCyAflTb see OBCyHCJ^ATb OBl>EAHH0Tb see OBT>EAHHHTb
OBCyjKJliAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. OBT>EAHHflTbCH see OBTbE^H-
H X oil p. o6cyAnxb, oScywy, o6cy- HUTbCH
AHmb, oGcyAflx to discuss 0BT>E3HHH|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp.
06cyAHXb BajKHHH Bonpoc. To Ko r 6? H X o?/p. o6'beAHH|iixb, -k)»
discuss an important question. 06cy- -Hfflb, -ax to unite
OBT> 83 oro

06T>eflHHHTB cHJiH 6opi;6B 3a MHp. / usually get up at 7 o'clock in the

To unite the efforts of the cham- morning.
pions of peace. OBKlHHIblH, -an, -oe, -He ordinary
OBTjEAHHHlTbCH, -rocb, -emLCH, 06biHHHH ;i;eHb. An ordinary day.
-K)TCH imp. C KGM? C H 6 M?/ 0BH3AHH0CTb /. duty, obligation
p. 06'BeAHH|HTLCH, -K)Cb, -HHIBCfl, -HT- npaea h o6H3aHHOCXH. Rights and
cfl to unite obligations.
Ohh o&teAHHnjiHCB c ji;pyrHM koji- OBHSATEJlbHO adv. by all means,
xoaoM fl;jiH nocTpoHKH 66m;eH aJieK- certainly, without fail
TpocTaHn;HH. They pooled together 3xy pa66xy o6H3axejibHO c^e-
bsljio
resources with another collective Jiaxb This work must be
ceroAHfl.
farm to build a common electric pow- done today without fail. OGns^xeJib-
er station. HO nOCMOXplixe 9Ty KHHOKapXH-
OB'LEM m. volume Hy, Make sure you see this film.
06T>eM Tejia. The volume of a body. fl npn^y k saM o6H3axejibHo. I'll
OBT>flBflTB see OBTbHBJiHTb certainly come to see you.
OBT>HBJIEHHE neut. OBJIA^EBAlTb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp.
1. announcement. 06'bflBJieHHe o K M?
e q e M? /p. OBJiaAelxb, -lo,
co6paHHH. Announcement of a -emb, -K)x to seize, to master
meeting. OBJia^exb KpenocxbK). To seize a
2. advertisement, notice. ^ocKa fortress. ObJiaAexb h3hk6m. To mas-
oS-BflBJieKHH. A
board. notice ter a language. OBJia^eBaxb snanHH-

Jl^ATh oStflBJieHHe B rasexy. To MH. To get knowledge. OBJiaflexb no-

put an advertisement in a news- BOH cnennaJibHOCTbio. To master a
paper. new speciality.

OBT>HBJlHlTB, -emt, -k)t imp.

-lo,
OBJIAAETb see OB.JTAJIiEBATb
OBOni,|H pi., gen. pi. -en vegetables
q T 0? He M?/p.
oS'LHBHTb, oStHB-
Fresh vegetables.
CBejKHe 6Bom;ij.
jiK), o5'LflBHfflb, oStHBHT to an-
PaHHMe 6Boni,H. Early vegetables.
nounce, to declare
OrjlHjI,bIBA|TbCfl, -locb, -embCH,
OCtHBHTb pemeHHH. To announce
-K)TCH imp. I p. OFJIHHyXbCfl, OrJIH-
a decision. OSTbflBHTb Bonny. To
nycb, orjiflHcmbCH, orJiflnyxcn to
declare war.
glance back
<> OS-bflBHTb 6JIa^0J^apH0CTb. To
OrJiHHyxbCfl nasafl;. To glance back.
express one's gratitude.
fl 6biCTpo orJifluyjicH. / glanced
OBT>flCHflTB see 0BT>HCHHTB back quickly.
OBT>HCHH|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. OrjlflHYTbCH see OrjlHj],bIBATb-
q T 0? K M y? / p. oG-LHCHlHTb, -K), Cfl
-nmb, -HT to explain OrOHb m., gen. orne; pi. ornH
. OSiiflCHriTb ypoK. To explain a les- 1. no pi. fire. flpKHH oroHb b nenn.
son. 06i>HCHHTb aaflaqy. To explain A
bright fire in the stove.
a task. 05'bHCHHTb cboio MMCJib. To 2. light. SajKeHb oroHb. To switch on
explain one's idea. npeno;i;aBaTeJib the light. IIoracHXb oroHb. To
oG'bflCHflJi ciyfleHTaM Tpy^Hoe npa- switch off the light. Ornii ropo^a.
BHJio. The teacher was explaining a The lights of the city.
difficult rule to the students. <> BoflTbCH KaK orHfl. Gf. To fear
OBblKHOBEHHIblfl, an, -oe, -He like death. Hath b oroHb h b6-
ordinary AY 3a kcm-jihSo, sa Koro-JinSo.
OSHKHOBeHHHH HeJioBeK. An ordi- Cf. To go through thick and thin
nary man. 06biKH0BeHHaH paSoxa. after, for somebody. Hex A^Ma
Ordinary work. 6e3 orHH (proverb). There is no
OBb'IHAfl m. custom smoke without a fire.
HauHOHaJibHHe oCtiqaH. National OrOPOA m. kitchen-garden
customs. BoJibmoH oropoA- ^ large kitchen-
OBttMHO adv. usually garden. PaSoxaxb na oropoAe. To
06tiqH0 fl BciaK) B 7 HacoB yxpa. work in the kitchen-garden. B oropOAe
6*
orp 84 OKA

pacxeT KapT6|)eJib. Potatoes grow OAHHAKOBIblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short

in the kitchen-garden. form OAHHaKOB, -a, -o, -h; adv.
OrPOMH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, short OAHHaKOBO same, identical
form orpoMGH, orpoMHia, -o, -li 3XH HJiaXbH COBCeM OAHHaKOBtie.
huge, great These dresses are quite identical.
OrpoMHUH ropoA- A huge city. Or- y HHX OAHHaKOBHe BSFJIHAH Ha
poMHbie BoaMOHtHOCTH. Great possi- JiHxepaxypy. They have the same
bilities. OrpoMHHH ycnex. Great ideas on literature.
success. OAHHOKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short
0^yP|E^ m., gen. -m cucumber form OAHHOK, -a, -0, -h; adv. oah-
PaHHHG orypi;w. Early cucumbers. HOKO
GoJienue orypj^H. Salted cucumbers. 1. lonely. Oahhokhh lejiOBeK. A
OAEBAiTb, -K), -emb, -jot imp. ko- lonely man.
to? BO ^t6?/p. OAelxfa, -Hy, 2. solitaiy. Oahhokog A©peBo. A
-Herat, -Hyx to dress solitary tree.
OzteBaTb peSeuKa. To dress the 3. lonely. OAHHOKaH HCHSHb. A lone-
child. OAexb pe6eHKa b hobog ly life.
DJiaibe. To dress the child in a 0]\B.kyKJXh\ adv. once, one day
new dress. 0/^HAKO however
conf,
O^EBAITbCH, -erabCH, -h)tch
-locb, J^OJKAb KaK H3 BeAPa, OAHaKO
JIHJI

imp. BO qxo?//?. OAelxbCH, -Hycb, pa66xa ne npeKpanjajiacb. The rain

-HerabCH, -HyxcH to dress fell in torrents, but the work never
3hm6h HaAO xenjio OAeBaxbCH. You stopped.
must dress in warm clothes in win- OAHOBPEMEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He;
ter. Xoporao OAesaxbCfl. To dress adv. oAHOBpeMOHHO simultaneous
well. OAexbCfl bo Bce HoBoe. To be Mh OAHOBpeMeHHo npnexajiH na
dressed in new clothes. OAesaxbc BOKsaJi. We
arrived at the station
CO BK.ycoM. To dress tastefully. at the same time.
(33EPO neut., pi. oaepa lake
0]\tMJ],X /., no pi. clothes
Oaepo BaHKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke-
PaSoHaH OAe>KAa. Working clothes.
HeBCKoe oaepo. The Lake of Geneva.
BepxHHH OAeacAa. Outdoor clothes.
0KA3ATb see 0KA3bIBATb
OHETb see OAEBATb 0KA3ATbCH see 0KA3bIBATbCH
OAETbCH see OAEBATbCH 0KA3blBA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
0;^EHJIO neut. blanket; quilt H X o? K o M y? Ha K o r 6?//). ona-
BaxHoe OAeaJio. A
quilt. HanpH-
3axb, oKajKy, OKamerab, OKajKyx
BaxbCfl OAeaJioM. To cover oneself to render, to offer, to exert
with a blanket.^ OnasHBaxb noMomb. To render as-
OJlfiUy OAHa, OAHo, OAHH pron. sistance. OKasHBaxb conpoxHBjie-
1. alone, fl muBy oamh. / live alone. HHe. To offer resistance. OnaaHBaxb
fl He JitoSjiK) ryJiHXb oAna. / BJiHHHHe (na Koro, hxo). To influ-
don't like walking alone. ence {somebody).
2. alone, only, fl oahh Mory axo 0KA3bIBA|TbCH, -locb, -erabcH, -lox-
CAGJiaxb. / alone can do this. ca imp. I p. OKaaaxbCfl, oKajKycb,
3. one Oahh moh APyr (oahh H3 oKajKerabCH, 0Ka>KyxcH
MOMX APyseH) paccKaaaji Mne 1. K e M? K a K ti M? to turn out to
HHxepecuyio Hcxopnio. A friend be. Oh OKaaaJicfl onenb nnxe-
of mine told me an interesting pecHMM HejioBeKOM. He turned
story. out to be a very interesting man.
4. the same. Mu yqnMCfl na oahom 2. to find oneself. HeowHAanno mh
Kypce. We are in the same OKaaaJiHCb na HeanaKOMOH yjiH-
course. n;e. Suddenly we found ourselves
5. used as n. one. Oahh noraeji na- in an unfamiliar street. OKa-
jieBO, ApyroH — HanpaBo. One aaxbcfl B xpyAHOM nojio>KeHHH.
went to the left; the other, to To find oneself in a difficult
the right. situation.
OKA 85 OHA

3. paren. word OKaauBaercH, Be- 2. usu. no p. to surround. J^ep^B-

qep 6yfleT ne b cy666Ty, a b HK) CO BCeX CXOpOH OKpyWBJIH
BOCKpecGHbe. The evening-party Jieca. The village was completely
is in fact to take place onSun- surrounded by woods.
day and not on Saturday. 3. fig. to surround. OKpyHtaxb 3a-
OKAHHHBAITb, -emb, -iot imp.
-H), 66xOH. To surround with solici-
HTOp/p. OKOHHiHTb, -y, -HHIb, -aX tude.
to finish OKPySKflTb see OKPYHCAXb
OKOHHHTb paSoTy. To finish work. OKTHBPib m., gen. -A October
OKOHHHTb niKOJiy. To finish school. OH pron., m., gen., ace. ero [-bo], dat.
OKOHHHTb HHCTHTyi. To graduate eMy, instr. hm, prepos. o hcm he, it
from the institute. Oh npnexaji h3 OpaHi;HH. He came
OKAHHHBAITfcCH, 1st & 2nd pers. from France. GxoJiHua Opan-
not 3rd pers. -ercH, -iotch,
used, hhh —
IlapHH?. Oh cxohx na CeHe.
imp. HGM? /p. OKOHqiHTbCH, Ist & The capital of France is Paris. It
2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, is situated on the Seine.
-axcfl to end OH A pron., /., gen., ace. ee, dat. en,
CneKTaKJib okoh^hjich uobjibo. The instr. eio, prepos. o nea she, it
performance ended late. Ona oxAHxajia iia HepnoM Mope.
OKEAH m. ocean She spent her holidays at the Black
Thxhh OKean. The Pacific Ocean. Sea. OxKy/ia y mc axa KHHra? —
ATJiaHTH^ecKHH oKean. Atlantic H KyniiJi ee b khhjkhom MarasMue.
Ocean. IlapoxoA naxoAHTCH cen^ac "Where did you get that book?" "I
B OKeane. The ship is now at sea. bought it at a bookshop."
OKHO neut., pi. oKHa, okoh, oKHaM, OHfl pron., pi., gen., ace. hx, dat.
window
etc. HM, instr. iJMii, prepos. o hhx they
OKHa BLixoAHT Ha yJIH^y. The win- Ohii MHoro cnopHJiH o JiHxepaxy-
dows overlook the street. CMOxpexb pe. They argued a lot about litera-
B OKHO. To look through the win- ture. B HaraeM ca^y pacxyx HBexLi.
dow. CMOxpexb H3 OKHa. To look Ohh oHGHb KpacHBH. are There
out of the window. flowers in our garden. They are
OKOJIO prep. +
gen. very beautiful.
1. near. Okojio MarasHna cxohjio OHO pron., neut., gen., ace. ero [-bo],
MHoro HapoAa. There were many dat. euj, instr. hm, prepos. o hcm it
people near the shop. Oh ceJi oko- H6JI0K0 ynajio. Oho jich^hx na sgm-
jio MeHH. He sat down beside me. Jie. The apple has dropped. It is
2. about. Mh ryjifljiH okojio ^Byx on the ground.
HacoB. We walked for about two OnA3J];bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
hours. Ky^a? Ha ckojibko? &-|-
OKOHqAHHE neut. completion, inf. p. ono3Aa|xb,
I -lo, -emb, -lox
end(in^) to be late
OKOH^anne cxpoRxejibcxBa. The Gxy^eHX onosAaJi na ypoK. The
completion of the construction. student was late for his lesson. Bh
OKOHqaHHe ceanca. The end of a ono3AaJiH na 15 MHuyx. You are
performance. 15 minutes late. Mw onosAaJiH K
<> OKOHqaHHe CJieAyeT. To be con- na^aJiy cneKxaKJia. We were too
tinued. late for the beginning of the per-
OKOHHHTb see OKAH^HBATB formance. H 0H03Aaji nocMOxpexb
OKOHHHTbCH see OKAHHHBATtCH 3xy KapxHHy. / missed that film.
OKPEnHYTb see KPEnHYTb OnACHOCTb /. danger
OKPyacAiTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. IIoABepraxbcfl onacnocxn. To be
KOro? HX 0? H e M?//>. OKpyjKlMXb, exposed to danger. Bbixb b onacHOC-
-y, -Hmb, -ax XH. To be in danger. HaM rpo3HT
1. to surround. JJ^qtr oKpymiiJiH onacHOCxb. We are in danger.
Maxb. The children surrounded HsSejKaxb onacHOCxn. To escape
their mother. danger.
OHA opr

OnACHlUQ, -afl, -oe, -He; adv. onac- OnyCKAjTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. k o-
Ho dangerous r 6? H X o?/p. onycxHXb, onymy,
OnacHWH cJiyHaii. A dangerous onycxHmb, onycxHX
case. OnacHaH paSoxa. Dangerous 1. to lower. Onycxuxb pe6eHKa na
work. Ho 3T0H flopore hatw onac- noJi. To put the child on the
HO. It's dangerous to go along that floor. Onycxuxb roJioey. To hang
road. ones head. Onycxiixb rjiaaa. To
OnEPA /.
lower one'seyes. Onycxiixb bo-
1. opera. CJiymaTb onepy. To listen poxHHK. To lower the collar.
to an opera. KynHTb Shjibth na 2. to drop. Onycxifxb nncbMo b
onepy. To buy tickets for the amHK. To drop a letter into a
opera. post-box.
2. opera. Teaxp onepH h 6ajieTa. OnyCTflTb see onycKATb
A theatre of opera and ballet. OnbIT m.
1. no pi. experience. JKiianeHHUH
OnEPAU;HH operation
/.
OHMX. Life's experience. Onux
Xnpypr cjiownyio onepa-
CACJiaJi
paSoxM. Experience work.
of
i^HK). The surgeon performed a dif-
HMexb 6ojibni6H onux. To have
ficult operation. Onepai;Hfl na cepA-
great experience. HcnoJibsOBaxb
ij,e. A heart operation.
CBOH ontix. To utilise one's ex-
On03AATb see OnASnWBATb perience.
OnPAB^ATb see OnPABAblBATb 2. experiment. XHMHiecKneonuxH.
OnPAB^blBAITb, -JO, -enib, -k)T Vhemical experiments. TIpOBO-
imp. K o r 6? H T o? ^ e M?/p. on- AHXb ontiXH. To make experi-
paB^alTL, -K), -eniB, -k)t ments. B jiaoopaxopHH H^ex
1. to acquit. Cy^ ero onpaB^aji. ontiT. An experiment is in pro-
He was acquitted by the court. gress in the laboratory.
2. to justify. Oh onpaB^biBa.! CBoe OnblTHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
OTcyxcTBHe na BanaxuHX oojiea- onHxen, 6nHXH|a, -h
-o,
HbK). He tried to justify his 1. experienced. Onbixnhin paGoiHH.
absence from the lessons by his An experienced worker. OnHX-
illness. HHH pyKOBOAHxeJib. An experi-
<> OnpaBAbieaxb aoBepue (Koro- enced leader. OnHXHHU npeno^a-
jih6o). To justify (somebody' s) con- Baxejib. An experienced teacher.
fidence. 2. only complete form experimental.
OnPE/^EJIEHHE definition
neut. OnHxnaH pa66xa. Experimental
To^Hoe onpe^eJieHHe. An exact defi- work. OnHxnaH ceJibCKOxoaaHcx-
nition. MexKoe onpeAeJieuHe. A Bennafl cxannnn. An experimen-
precise definition. J^axb onpe^eJie- tal agricultural station.
HHe. To give a definition. OnUTb adv. again
OnPEAEJiEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -tie CeroAHfl onnxb njioxan noroAa.
1. definite. Onpe/teJienHLiH oxnex. We are having bad weather again
A definite answer. today.
2.certain. OnpeACJienHMH nopn^OK. OPPAH m.
A
certain order. 1. organ. Oprann peiH. The organs
OnPE^EJlflTb see OHPEAEJlUXb of speech. Opran CJiyxa. The or-
OnPEJIEJiHiTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp. gan of hearing. OpraHH AHxa-
nxo? I p. onpeAeJi|HXb, -k), -nmb, HHH. Respiratory organs.
-ax 2. organ. FocyAapcxBeHEHft opran.
1. to define. Onpe^eJinxb cBoe ot- An organ of government. HapxHa-
Homenne k co6mxhhm. To define HHe opraHH. Party organs. Op-
one's attitude towards events. raHH MHJiHi^HH. Militia organs.
2. to determine. OnpeAeJiwxb eeJiH- 3. organ. Faaexa «H3BecxHH» op-—
HHHy. To determine a quantity. ran HpeaHAHyMa BepxoBHoro
OnpeAeJinxb yroji. To determine GoB^xa GGGP. The newspaper
an angle. Izvestia is the organ of the
opr 87 OCE

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet CeJIbCK0X03HHCXBeHHHe opyAHH.

of the USSR. Agricultural implements.
0P^AHH3A^HH /.
2.gun. ApxHJiJiepnHCKoe opyAne.
1. no pi. organisation.OpraHH3aD;HH Piece of ordnance.
Benepa. Organisation of an OP^JKHE neut., no pi.
enening- party. OpraHH3an;Hfl pa- 1. weapon. GoBpeMeHHoe opyHine.
66th. Organisation of work. Op- A
modern weapon.
raHHsaniHfl 3KcneAHn;HH. Organi- 2. fig. weapon. He^axb — Morynee
sation of an expedition. opyHcne. The press is a mighty
2. organisation. IlapTHHHaH opra- weapon.
HHsai^HH. A party organisation. OCBAHBAlTb, -lo, -emb, -rox imp.
npo$coK)3HaH opraHH3an.HH. A H T 0?//?. OCBOlHXb, -K), -Hmb, -HX tO
trade-union organisation. master
OcBOHXb HoBHe MexoAH pa56xBi.
0PrAHH3|0BATfc, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
To master new methods of work.
imp. & p. K o r 6? ^ T 0?
OcBaHBaxb HoBwe somjih. To bring
1. to organise. OpraHH30BaTb 3K-
new land under cultivation. Ocbo-
CKypcHK). To organise an excur-
HXb HOBfciH cxanoK. To learn to use
OpraHHSOBaTb Benep cawo-
sion.
a new machine-tool.
To organise an
AeHTeJiBHOCTH.
amateur concert.
OCBETflTb see OCBEmATb
2. to plan. OpraHH30BaTb pa66-
OCBEmA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
Ko q X 0? / p. ocBelxMXb, -m;y,
r 6?
Ty. To plan work. OpraHH30BaTb
-xamb, -THx to light
CBoe BpeMH. To plan one's time.
HacxoJibHaH jiaMua xopomo ocBe-
OPAPH m., pL -a order niaex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the
HarpaAHTb opAenoM. To award an desk well.
order. IIoJiyHiiTb opAGH. To receive OCBOBOAflTb see OCBOBOJKJliATb
an order. OCBOBOAflTbCH see 0CB0B05K-
OPEJI m., gen, opjia eagle JUATbCH
OPEX m. nut OCBOBO^AA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
KpynHHe opexn. Large nuts. MeJi- Koro? "3X0? ox Koro? ox He-
KHe opexH. Small nuts. JTecHLie ope- ro?//?. ocBo6o|AHTb, -my, -jxiimh,

XH. Hazel nuts. KoKocoBtie opexii. -AHT

Coco-nuts. rpen;KHe opexn. Walnuts. 1. to free. OcBoSoAHXb napoAH ox
KojioTb opexH. To crack nuts. paScxBa H yrnexeHHH. To free the
peoples from slavery and oppres-
OPKECTP m. orchestra
sion.
^
GHM(J)OHnHecKnH opKecxp. A sym- 2. to vacate. OcBoGoAHXb Mecxo.
phony Opnecxp no^ ynpaB-
orchestra.
To vacate a place.
jienneM AHpn^Kepa MpasHHCKoro.
An orchestra conducted by Mravin OCBOBOJKAAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH,
-lOXCH imp. ox Koro? ox He-
sky. OpKecTp HcnojinneT 5-yio chm-
ro? & without an object / p. ocbo-
$6hhio HaHKOBCKoro. The orchestra
6olAHTbC3, -JKyCb, -AHnitCH, -AflTCH
is playing Tchaikovsky's 5th sym-
1. to free oneself. OcboSoahtbch ox
phony. Konn,epT fl;jiH ^opxennaHO c
rnexa, ox pa6cxBa. To free one-
opKecxpoM. A concerto for piano and
self from oppression, from slavery.
orchestra.
2. to get free, fl ocbo6oahjich ce-
OPOCflTb see OPOfflATb roAHfl b 6 nacoB. / was free at 6
OPOfflA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. o'clock today.
H T o?/p. opoIcHTb, -my, -cnmb, 3. to become vacant. Mecxo 3a cxo-
-CHT to irrigate JiOM ocBoSoAHJiocb. The seat at
Opomaxb cxenn. To irrigate the the table became vacant.
steppes. OCBOHTb see OCBAHBATB
OP^AHE neut. OCEHHIHB, autumn
-hh, -ee, -ne
1. implement. OpyAHH nponsBOA- OceHHHH AGHb. An autumn day.
cxBa. Implements of production. OceHHee naJibxo. An autumn coat.
OCB OCT

OCEHb /., no pi. autumn OCHOBblBAjTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

SoJioxaH oceHb, A
golden autumn. HTO? / p. ocHjoBdTb, -yio, -yemb,
IloaaHHfl oceHb. Late autumn. -yK)T
OCEHblO adv. k o r a a? in autumn 1.to found. OcHOBaTb r6pofl. To
OceubK) a^ecb qacxo havt aoh«ah. found a city. OcHOBaTb yuHBep-
It often rains here in autumn. CHTeT. To found a university.
2. to base. Ha hbm bm ocHoBuBae-
OCKOPBflTb see OCKOPBJlHTb
OCKOPBJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. Te Bame MH^une? What do you
base your opinion on?
KOrO? HTOp^e M?//>. 0CK0p|6HTb,
-6jik), insult
-6wrab, -6flT to OCOBEHHOCTb /. peculiarity
OcKop6HTb HejiOBGKa. To insult a Oc65eHHOCTH paCoTH. Peculiarities
person. BaraH cjiosa Menri rJiy6oK6 of a work. XyAOJKecTBeHHbie oco-
0CK0p6HJiH. Your words were a grave 6eHH0CTH poMana. The artistic pe-
insult to me.
OcoSchhocth
culiarities of a novel.
xapaKTcpa aToro HeJioBeKa. The
OCJIABHTb see OCJTAB JiHTb
peculiar features of that man's
OCJIABJlH|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. character.
K o r 6? H T o?lp. ocjia|6HTb, -6jiio, <> B oc65eHHOCTH. In particular.
-Cnmb, -6ht OCOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue; adv.
1. to weaken. BoJiesHb ocjia6HJia oc66eHHO
ero opraHHSM. The illness had particular, especial. Oc66eeHLiH
1.
weakened his organism. ycnex hmcjio BMCTynjieHHe mo-
2. fig. to relax. Ocjia6HTb BEHMauHe.
jfOAOH neBHn;bi. The perform-
To relax attention.
ance of the young singer was par-
OCMATPHBAlTb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp. ticularly successful.
Ko H T o?/p, ocMOTpexb, ocmot-
r 6? 2. peculiar. Y
nee KaKou-TO oc<5-
piO, OCMOXpumb, OCMOTpflT 6eHHHH KOCTiOM. She wears a
1. to see. OcMaTpHBaxb Mysea, somewhat unusual costume.
BbiCTaBKH, KapxiTHhi. See mu- To OCTAIBATbCfl, -K)Cb, -embca, -iotch
seums, exhibitions, pictures. imp. /p. ocTa|TbCH, -nycb, -nerabCH,
2. to examine. Bpai ocMOTpeJi 6ojib- -HyTCH
Horo. The doctor examined the 1. to remain. IlocJie OKomaHHH
patient. HHCTHTyTa H OCTSIJICH B pO^HOM
OCMOTPfiTb see OCMAXPHBATb ropoAe. On graduating from the
OCHOBA /. institute I remained in my na-
1. basis. OcHOBOH aoKJia^a 6tiJiH tive town.
c66cTBeHHMe BneHaTJieniiH aBTO- 2. to remain. Oh o^eHb HSMeHHJi-
pa. The
report was based on the CH, TOJibKO rJiaaa ocTajincb
author's own impressions. npeJKHHMH. He has changed a lot,
2. only pi. fundamentals. Och6bu only his eyes are still the same.
reoJiornn. Foundations of geology. 3. to be left. Oh ocTajicfl cnpoToH.
^ Ha ocHoee oobiTa. On the basis He was left an orphan. V mghh
of experience. ocTaJiocb 10 pySJieH. / have
OCHOBATEJIb m. founder 10 roubles left. Jl^Qiv. ocTa-
OcHOBaTeJib yqeuHfl, TeopHH, nay- jiHCb 6e3 poAHTeJieH. The child-
KH. The founder of a teaching, theo- ren were left without parents.
ry, science. OcHOBaTejib ropo^a. <> OcTaTbCfl B HCHBbix. To remain
The founder of the city. alive. OcTaBaTbCfl npn CBOeM Mne-
OCHOBATb see OCHOBblBATb Hiiii. To remain of the same opin-
OCHOBHIOfl, -an, -6e, -ue cardinal, ion.
basic OCTABHTb see OCTABJlHTb
OcnoBHOH Bonpoc MeHcayHapoAHon OCTABJlH|Tb, '10, -emb, -iot imp.
oScTauoBKH. The main problem of K r 6? q t o? / p. ocTaJBHTb, -bjik),
the international situation. B ochob- -BHmb, -BHT
HOM Bbi npaBH. On the whole you 1. to leave. OcTaBHTb TexpaA^' fl6-
are right. Ma. To leave a copy-book a t home.
 OCT 89 ocy

2. to leave. Oh ocxaBHJi Hpyry 3a- In

his lecture the professor dealt
HHCKy. He left a note for his withthe problems of modern
friend. technology.
3. to leave. Maxb ocTaBHJia h6jiokh 4. to put up. OCTaUOBHTbCH B TOC-

j^jifl flCT^H.The mother left the THHHHe. To put up at a hotel.

apples for her children. OCTAHOBflTB see OCTAHABJIH-
4. to leave. OcxaBHTb poflHoH ^gm. BATb
To leave one's home. OCTAHOBflTbCH see OCTAHABJTH-
5. to leave alone {only imper^). Oc- BATbCH
TaBb pe6eHKa, He xporaH ero! OCTAHOBIKA /., gen. pi. -ok
Leave the child alone, don't touch 1. stop. CAeJi Tb ocxaHOBKy. To
him/ stop.
OCTAJIBHlCfl, -an, -6e, -He 2. pause. FoBopnTb 6e3 ocxaHoBKH.
1. (the) rest. B HioJie
cxyAeHTH To speak without stopping.
6HJIH B AOMe OTAHXa, GCXaJIb- 3. stop. ABT66ycHaH ocxanoBKa. A
nyio qacTb KannKyji ohh npo- bus stop. Ha ocxaHoBKe cxoflJia
BCJIH B TypwCTCKOM HOXOfle. In rpynna cxyAenxoB. There was a
July the students were at a rest- group of students at the stop.
-home, the rest of their holidays KoHCHHaH ocxaHOBKa. A termi-
they spent hiking. 3to hCjio- nal. BaM HaAo exaxb 5 ocxano-
KO ocTaBb MHe, a ocTaJibHLie BOK. You must get off at the
B03bMH ce6e. Leave that apple sixth stop. HaM cxoA^xb na cjie-
for me, and take the rest. AyiomeH ocxanoBKe. We get off
2. used as n., pi. the rest. Mh c at the next stop.
HaBJiOM npHHiJiii b 6 nacoB, oc- OCTATbCH see OCTABATbCH
xaJibHHe nosAHce. Pavel and I OCTOPOaCHIbiS, -an, -oe, -hb, short
came at 6 o'clock; the rest came form ocxopoHten, ocxopoJKHla, -o,
later.
-h; adv. ocxop6>KHO careful
OCTAHABJlHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -kit
OcxopoJKHMH HGJiOBeK. A careful
imp. K o r 6? ^ t o?//?. ocTalHOBHTb,
person. Oh
ocxopojKHO nocxaBiiji iia
-HOBJIK), -HOBHUIb, -HQBHT
cxoJi Ba3y c HBoxaMH. He put the
1. to stop. OcTaHOBiiTb Serynxero vase of flowers on the table carefully.
qeJiOBcKa. To stop a running Ocxop6H<Hol Take care! Be careful!
man. OcTanoBUTb ndesA CTon- OCTPOB m., pi -a island
KpanoM. To stop the train with
the emergency brake. OcTanoBiiTb
OCTPOy'MHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

paSoTH. To cease work. form ocxpoyMGH, ocxpoyMH|a, -o,

2. to rest. OcxaHOBHTb bsfjiha -h; adv. ocxpoyMHO witty

Ha KapTHHe. To rest ones gaze OcxpoyMHHH HejiOBeK. A witty
on a picture. OcxpoyMHHH oxbgx. A witty
person.
answer.
3.: Oh ho anaji, na hcm ocxaHOBiiTb
CBOH BH6op. He didn't know OCTF|blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
what to fix his choice on. ocxep, ocxpa, 6cxp|o, -h
OCTAHABJmBAlTbCH, -rocb. -embCH, 1. sharp. OcxpHH nom. A sharp
-lOTCfl imp. r a e?/p. 0CTa|H0BeTbCH, knife.
-HOBJIMCb, -HOBHmbCH, -HOBHTCH 2. fig. keen, sharp. Ocxpoe 3peHHe.
1. to stop. BApyr noesA ocTanoBiiJi- Keen eyesight. OcxpHH yM. A
Cfl. The train suddenly stopped. sharp wit.
2. to stop working. CTanoK ocxa- 3. fig. sharp. Ocxpan 6ojib. sharp A
HOBlJJICfl H3-3a TOro, HTO HO pain.
6hjio 9JieKTp09HeprHH. The 4. fig. pungent. Ocxpnn coyc. A
machine-tool stopped working be- pungent sauce.
cause of a power failure. <> 05xoAHTb ocTpwe yr.ibi. To
3. fig. to deal. npo|)eccop b cbooh avoidcontroversial subjects.
all
jieKHHH ocTaHOBHJicH Ha npo6ji6- OCyJUECTBflTb see OCymECTB-
MaX COBpOMenHOH leXHHKH. JlHTb
ocy 90 OTA

OCymECTBflTbCH see OCVmECTB- OTBfiTCTBEHHlblB, -an, -oe, -He

JlHTbCH adv.oxB^xcxBCHHO responsible
OCymECTBJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -h)t OxBexcxBeHHHH pa66xHHK. A res-
imp. H T o?//>. ocymecTlBWTL, -bjik), ponsible worker. OxsexcxBeHHUH pe-
-BHmb, -BflT to realise AaKXOp. The editor-in-chief. Oxbgx-
OcymecTBHTb njian, Menxy, jKeJia- cxBeHHHH aa pa6dxy. Responsible
HHe. To realise a plan, one's dream, for the work.
one's wish. OcymecTBHTb aJieKxpn- OTBEHAITb, -K), -emb, -rox imp./p.
4)HKaiIHK) HapoflHOrO X03HHCTBa. OXBe|XHTb, -Hy, -THmb, -XHX
To electrify the national economy. 1. ^xo? KOMy? Ha qxo? to an-
OCymECTBJlH|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. swer. OxBexHXb Apyry. To an-
not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch swer one's friend. OxBexHXb na
imp. /p. ocymecTBliJTbCH, 1st & 2iid Bonpoc. To answer a question.
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -pitch, OxBexHXb Ha nncbMo. To answer
-HTCH to realise a letter. OxBe^axb ypoK. To say
Ham nJian ocymecTBHJiCH. Our plan one's lesson.
has been realised. 2. HCM? Ha Hxo? to return. Ox-
OT (OTO) prep. gen. + Benaxb apvjkGoh na ApyjKSy. To
1. from. Oi-bexaxb ox ropo^a. To return somebody's friendship.
go a certain distance from the OxBexHXb y^apoM na yAap. To
city. Vexaxb ox poAHbix. To go return blow for blow.
away from one's relatives. Ox 3. H e M y? no p. to meet, to satisfy
MocKBw AO JleHHHrpafla. From ^xa pa66xa oxBeqaex mohm hh-
Moscow to Leningrad. Ox xpex xepecaM h jKeJiaHHHM. This work
AO HHXH. From three to five. satisfies my interests and wishes.
2. from. nojiyHiixb hhclmo ox ox- 4. 3 a H X 6? no p. to be respon-
n;a. To get a letter from one's sible. OxBenaxb aa pa66xy. To
father, yaiiaxb hobocxh ox xo- be responsible for the work.
Bapiima. To learn the news from OT^AlBAXb, -K), -emb, -i6x imp. ^
one's friend. Koro? qxo? KOMyPqeMy? /p.
3. for.Ox BOJineHHH oh hg Mor CKa- ox^axb, oxAaM, oxAamb, oxAacx,
3axb HH cJioBa. He couldn't utter oxAaAHM, oxAaAHTe, oxAaAyT, past
a word for excitement. Ox pa;;ocxH. oxAaJi, oxAaJia, oxAaJilo, -h
For joy. Ox cxpaxa. For fear. 1. to return. OxAaxb KHiiry b 6h-
4. to. Kjiioh ot KOMHaxH. key to A 6jiH0xeKy. To return a book to
a room. the library.
5. from, against. 3am;Hxa ox Bpa- 2. fig. to devote. OxAaBaxb Bce ch-
ra. Defence against the enemy. JiH jik)6hmoh pa66xe. To devote
JleKapcxBo ox rpanna. medi- A all one's strength to the work one
cine for the 'flu. likes. OxAaxb JKHSHb 3a poAHHy.
«0* Ot flyniH. Sincerely. Ot ecero To give up one's life for one's
cepnixa. With all one's heart. Ot country.
HMeHH K«r6-JiH5«. On some- OT^ATb see OT^ABATb
body's behalf. OT^EJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, -He sepa-
0TB ET m. rate
1. answer. Hanncaxb oxBex. To OxAeJibHan KBapxnpa. A separate
write an answer. JJ^aTb oxBex. To flat. OxACJibHaH KOMHaxa. A sepa-
give an answer. OxBex na dhcb- rate room.
m6. An answer to a letter. OTAOXH^Tb see OT^blXATb
2. answer. Xopomna oxb^x yqenn- OTj^blX m., no pi. rest
Ka Ha ypoKe. The pupil's good npaBO na oxahx. The right to rest.
answer at a lesson. JllxHHft oxahx. Summer holidays.
3. solution. OxBex saAa^H. The so- <> JI,9M OTAMxa. A rest-home.
lution of a problem. IIpaBHJib- OT^blXAlTb, -K),-emb, -lox imp.
HHH oxBex. A correct solution. Tjs,e?/p. oxAOXHiyxb, -y. -emb, -yx
OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb to rest
OTE 91 OTJI

JlexoM MH OTflHxaJiH Ha 6epery ^ OTKpwTfa AMepHKy. To say

Mopfl (b canaTopHH, b aomg oxflH- something which everyone already
xa). In summer we rested at the knows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead.
seaside (in a sanatorium, in a rest- OTKPbIBA|TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.
home), ndcjie o6eAa mh oT^HxaeM. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -ioxch
We have a rest after dinner. imp. I p. oxKpHXbCff, 1st and 2nd pers.
OT|EI^ m., gen. -^a father not used, 3rd pers. 0XKpd|excH,
OTEqECTBEHHlblH, -an, -oe, -He -iOXCH
home 1. to open. OxKpHJiocb okho. The
ToBapH oxeiecTBeHHoro nponsBOA- window opened.
cxBa. Home-made goods. 2. to open. GxojioBafl oxKpHBaexcH
^ OxeqecTBeHHaa BOHHa. A pa- B 8 qacoB. The dining-hall
triotic war. opens at 8 o'clock.
OTE^ECTBO neut. fatherland OTKPb'ITHE neut.
OTKASATbCH see 0TKA3bIBATbCH 1. no pi. inauguration, opening.
OTKA3bIBA|TbCH,-iocB, -emtCH, -lox- OxKpHxne HOBoro HHCxnxyxa.
cfl imp. ox Koro? ox Hero? The inauguration of a new insti-
& -f inf. I p. oxKaaaxbCH, oxKa>Kycb, tute. OxKpHxne BbicxaBKH. The
oxKaJKenibCfl, oxKa>Kyxcfl
opening of an exhibition.
1. to refuse. Oh oxKaaajicfl BMnoJi-
2. discovery. Hayqnoe oxKpHxne.
HHXL npHKas. He refused to car-
A scientific OxKpn-discovery.
ry out the order. XHH B oSJiacxH $ii3HKH. Discov-
2. to refuse, to decline, to give eries in the physics.
field of
up. Oh oxKa.iajicfl ox flener.
To make a
GABJiaxb oxKpHxne.
He refused to take the money. discovery.
OxKasaxBCH ox cbohx cjiob. To OTKPKITIKA gen. pi. -ok postcard
/.,
go back on one's words. Ox- HoHTOBaH oxKpHTKa. A postcard.
KasaxbCH ox npHrjiameuHH. To Ilocjiaxb oxKpmxKy. To send a post-
decline an invitation. OxKaaaxb-
card. IloJiyqaxb oxKpnxKy. To re-
CH ox CBOHX npaB. To give up ceive a postcard. no3ji,paBHxejibHaH
one's rights.
oxKpbiXKa. A postcard of congratu-
OTKPOBEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He,
lation.
short form oxKpOBeneH, oxKpoBeenla, OTKPb'ITIbitt, -aa, -oe, -ne
-0, -bi; adv. oxKpoBeHHO frank
1. open. OxKpbixaa MecxHocxb. Open
OxKpoBeHHbiH paaroBop. A frank country.
conversation. FoBopiixb oxKpoBen- 2. frank. OxKpnxoe jihi;6. A
fig.
HO. To speak frankly.
frank face.
OTKPblBAJTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
^ OTKpbiT»e Mope. The open sea.
HTO?/p. oxKpHXb, oxKp6|K), -emb, OTiq)biT#e nncbMo. An open letter.
-K>X
IIoA OTKpMTbiM eeSoM. In the open
1. to open. OxKpHXb ^Bepb. To
open a door. OxKpnxb qeMOj^an. OTKPklTb see OTKPblBATb
To open a suit-case. OxKpHXb
KHHry. To open a book. OxKpHXb OTKPb'ITbCH see OTKPblBATbCH
rJiaaa. To open one's eyes. OIKS' AA adv. where from
2. to open. OxKpnxb hobhh Mara- OxKy^a BH npnexaJiH? Where did
3HH, HOByK) cxoJioByio. To open you come from? OxKy^a bh axo
a new shop, a new dining-hall. BHaexe? How do you know that? H
3. to open. OxKpnxb BHcxaBKy, BH^PO,oxKy^a xbi n/temb. / know
coSpaHHe. To open an exhibition, where you are coming from.
a meeting. OTJIinAlTbCfl, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch
4. to discover. OxKpnxb MecxopojK- imp. qeM? ox koto? ox nero?
jil^HTie, HOByio njianexy, hobhh to be different
3JieMeHX. To discover a mineral Bam HJiaH oxjinqaexcn ox ;^py^HX
deposit, a new planet, a new rJiy6HH6H. Your plan differs from
element. the others by its profundity.
OTJI 92 oxn

OTJIfiHHO adv. 2. no pi. relation. 3xo ne HMeex ko

1. excellently, very well. Bu ot- mh6 oxHOffl^HHH. /( has nothing
jiHHHO 3T0 BH^eie. You know it to do with me.
very well. 3. only pi. relations. J\pymecKne
2. used as n. yqHTLCfl Ha «OTJinH- oxHomeHHH. Friendly relations.
H0». To get only excellent marks. /^HHJIOMaXlfHeCKHe OXHOm^HHH
noJiyHnTB «OTJiHiHO» no pyccKO- MejKfly cxpanaMH. Diplomatic
My H3biKy. To getan excellent relations between countries. Ycxa-
mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTb HOBHXb (paaopoaxb) ;^H^JIOMaXH-
yneHHKy «OTJitiqHO». To give a HecKHe oxHomeHHH. To establish
pupil an excellent mark (to break off) diplomatic relations.
0TM£T|KA /., gen. pi. -ok mark <> EblTb C KeM-JIH60 B KaKHX-JI^-
H nojiyniiji xopomyio OTMCTKy no 6o OTHomeHHflx. To be on (some
pyccKOMy flSHKy. / got a good sort of) terms with somebody.
mark in Russian. OTHHTb see OTHHMATb
OTHECTfl see OTHOCflXb OTOflTfl OTXOAflTb
see
OTHECTflCb see OTHOCfiTbCH OTnPABHTb see OTHPABJlHTb
OTHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. OTnPABHTbCfl see OTHPABJlHTb-
Koro? HTO? y Koro? y ne- CH
r 6?/ p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHFIMemb, OTDPABJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
OTHi'iMyT, past oTHflJi, 0THHJi|a, 6t- Koro? Hxo? Ky ji B?/p. oxnpal-
HHJl|0, -H BHXb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -Bflx to Send
1. to take away, y MaJib^HKa 6t- Ma»b oxnpaBJiaex cwna b mKOJiy.
HflJiH Mflii. They took the ball The mother sends her son to school.
away from the boy. fl oxnpaBHJi MOMOH nncbMo (xejie-
2. to take. PaaroBop dxHHJi y Me- rpaMMy, nocwJiKy). / se/it a letter
HH Miioro BpeMeHH. The conver- (a wire, a parcel) home.
sation took away a lot of my time. OTHPABJlHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH,
3. to subtract. OT AeCHTW OTHHTb -loxcfl imp. K y A a? without an obj.
TpH Sy^eT ceMb. // 3 is sub- & -f inf. I p. oxnpa|BHXbCH, -BJiiocb,
tracted from 10 the answer is 7. -BHmbCH, -BflXCH
OTHOCflTb, OTHomy, OTHocnmb, ot- 1. to go. IlocJie aaHHXHH mm ox-
HOCHT imp. HTO? Ky^a? ko- npaBHJiHCb ryjTflXb. After the
M y?/p. OTHeciTii, -y, -emb, -yT, past lessons we went for a walk. Mh
oTHec, oxnecjila, -6, -n to take oxnpaBHJiHCb B napK. We went
(to some place) to the park. OxnpaBHXbCH b nyxb.
H OTHec KHiirn b 6H6JiHOTeKy. / To set out.
took the books back to the library. 2. to leave. Uoesjj, oxnpaBJinexc^
Mu OTHecjiH HBexH npenoAaBaxe- nepea MHnyx ox 5-h
10 njiax-
JiK). We took the flowers to the teacher. $6pMU. The train leaves in 10
OTHOCflTtCH, OTHO^Iycb, OTHocnmb- minutes from platform 5.
Cfl,OTHOCflTCfl imp. K a K? K K 0- OTnyCK m. holidays
M y? K n e M y?/p. OTHec|Tncb, -ycb, JlexHHH oxnyCK. Summer holi-
-erabCH, -yxcH, past othccch, ot- days. MecHHHWH oxnycK. A month's
Hecji|acb, -ocb, -licb holiday. IIohxh b oxnycK. To go on
1. to treat. Xopomo (njioxo) ot- one's holidays. BepnyxbCH H3 6x-
HOCHTbCH K KOMy-JiH5o. To treat nycKa. To return after one's holi-
somebody well (badly). days. Bwxb B 6xnycKe (b oxnycKy).
2. no p. to concern. Moh cJiOBa ne To be on one's holidays. IIpOBOjiiixb
OTHocflTCH K BaM. My
words do oxnycK Ha lore. To spend one's
not concern you. 3x0 ne oxhochx- holidays in the South.
cfl K fleJiy. It's beside the point. OTnyCKA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.
OTHOfflfiHHE neut. K r 6? q T o?/p. oxnycxtixb, oxny-
1. no pi. attitude. Xopomee oxho- my, oxnycxHmb, oxnycxHx
raeHHe k jiioahm. A
kind attitude 1. to let go. Maxb He oxnycKaJia
to people. peScHKa ox cc6h. The mother
oxn 93 OOH

did not let her child go away 2. ox Hero? to deviate. Oxcxy-

from her. naxb ox npasHJi, ox hopmbi. To
2. to let go. Oh oTnycxiiji mok) py- deviate from the rules, the norm.
KV. He let go of my hand. oxcxynflxb see oxcxynAxb
oxnycTflTb see oxnycKAxb OXCS^XCXBIOBAXb, -yro.-yemb, -yiox
OXPAHCEHHE neut. imp. to be absent
1. no pi. reflection. OxpaHteHne OxcyxcxBOBaxb na ypoKe no 6o-
CBexa. The reflection of light. jieaum, no yBajKHxejibHon npn^H-
2. reflection. VBviji,eTh CBoe oxpa- ne. To be absent from the lesson
jKenne b sepKaJie, rJiaAKOH no- owing to illness, for good reasons.
BepxHOCXH BOflM. To sce one's
Oh oxcyxcxBOBaji 3 Mecfln;a. He
in a mirror, on the
reflection was absent for 3 months.
smooth surface of the water. OXCIDAA adu. from here
3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee axo OxciOAa BHAHa Bca MocKBa. One
Hamjio oxpajKenne b ero KHHre. can see the whole of Moscow from
All this was reflected in his book. here. OxciOAa xopomo cJiMmno. You
4. philos. no pi. reflection. TeopHH can hear well from here. He yxoAH
oxpajKeHHH. The theory of reflec- oxciOAa. Don't go away from here.
tion. OXXy/^A adv. from there
0XPE3AXb see PE3AXb, 2 B sajie HppaJi opKecxp, oxxvAa
cjiMmajica cmcx, sByKH necen. An
OXPHJ^ m. detachment orchestra was playing in the hall,
IlHOHepcKHH oxpflA- A Young Pio-
from which came laughter and
neer detachment. IlapxHaaHCKHH ox-
pH^. Aguerrilla detachment.
songs. Bh Swjih b khho? J^a, mh —
HAeM oxxyAa. ''Have you been to
OXCXA|BAXb, -K), -emb, -K)X imp.
the cinema?" *Yes, we are coming
ox Koro? ox qero? or without
from there."
an ohj.jp. oxcxa|xL, -ny, -Hemb, -nyx
OXXOJl,flXb, oxxoHty, oxxoAHrab, ox-
to lag behind. Oh meji MOA^en-
x6a«t imp. oxKoro? ox
1.
ne-
Ho H cKopo oxcxaJi ox XOBapH- r6?/p. oxoHJxH, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx,
niieH. He walked slowly and soon
past oxomeji, oxomJi|a, -6, -h
he fell behind his friends.
2. colloq. to miss. Ha 0]\u6vl ocxa-
1. to go away. Mh
oxomjiii ox Ma-
raanna Ha necKOJibKo maroB.
HOBKe a oxcxaji ox noeaAa. At We went a few steps away from
one stop I missed my train.
the shop.
3. to fall behind. H mhofo 6oJieJi
2. to leave. HoesA oxxoahx b 6 na-
H oxcxaji ox rpynnu. / was ill coB. The train leaves at 6
for a long time and I fell be- o'clock.
hind my group. Oxcxaxb ox jkhs-
OX^ECXBO neut. patronymic
HH. To lag behind life. name riMa, oxhccxbo h
HasoBiixe
4. to be slow. Hacw oxcxaiox na (|)aMHJiHK). Give your name, patro-
10 MHHyx. The watch (clock) is nyniic and surname.
10 minutes slow. 0XT>E3^ m., no pi. departure
OTCXAJI|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -He backward OxT>e3A HasnaHen na 6 qacoB. The
OxcxaJiaa cxpana. A
backward coun- departure is fixed for 6 o'clock. B
try. OxcxaJiHe bsfjihaw. Backward AeHb oxtesAa. On the day of de-
views. parture.
OXCXAXb see OXCXABAXb OXT>E33KAlXb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
OXCXynAlXb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp. p. ox-bexaxb, ox'beAly, -emb, -yx to
/p. oxcxynnxb, oxcxynJiK), oxcxy- drive off
nnrab, oxcxynax MamHHa ox-bexajia ox AOMa ncBep-
1. to retreat. BoncKa oxcxyoMjin. nyjiana mocce. The car drove away
The troops have retreated. fig. |
from the house and turned on to the
He oxcxynaHxe nepefl xpy^Hoc- highway.
XHMH. Don't give in in the face OXT)EXAXb see 0XT>E3aCAXb
of difficulties. OOHI^EP m. officer
OOH 94 nAji

OOHI^HAJlbHIblfl, -afl, -oe. -ue; anobj./p. omH6|HXbCH, -ycb, -embCH,

adv. o<|)ni:(Bawii>Ho -yxcH, past omnScH, omiiGjilacb.
1. official. 0$Hii;HaJibHoe saHBjie- -ocb, -HCb to make a mistake
HHe. An official statement. 0$h- CxyfleHX omH6cfl npH pemeuHH 3a-
ilHajibHWH BH3HT. An official flaHH. The student mode a mistake
visit. O^HJ^najiBHoe jihi;6. An in solving the problem. KoHCxpyK-
official. xop omHScH B pacqexax. The
2. official, formal. 0(|)HaHajibHHH designer made a mistake in his calcu-
H3HK. An official language. Oi^u- lations. H
omnScfl b mocm xoBapn-
i;HaJibHoe npHrJiameHHe. A for- me. /was disappointed in my
mal invitation. roBopiiTb o^hi;h- friend, fl omnSajiCH, KOPAa AyMaJi o
aJibHUM TOHOM. To spcak in an xe6e HJIOXO. / was wrong when
official manner. I thought badly of you. FjiyGoKO
OXOTA /., no pi. hunting omnGaxbCH. To be greatly mistaken.
BbiTb Ha oxoie. To hunt. ynacTBO- OfflHEflTbCfl see OfflHBAXbCH
Baxb B oxoxe. To take part in a OmflBlKA /., gen. pi. -ok mistake
hunt. Math na oxoxy. To go hunt- FpyCafl omnSKa. A gross mistake.
ing. Oxoxa Ha bojikob. Wolf-shoot- CAeJiaxb omnSKy. To make a mis-
ing. Oxoxa coSaKaMH. A chase. take. IlHcaxb c omiiSKaMH. To make
OXOTHHK m. hunter mistakes in writing. HcHpaBJiaxb
OXOTHO adv. readily, willingly omnCKH. To correct mistakes. Cp,e-
H oxoxHO corjiamaiGCb c BaMH. / jiaxb qx6-HH6yAb no omri6Ke. To
readily agree with you. do something by mistake. npH3H^xb
OXPAHIIlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. CBdlo omM6Ky. To admit one's mis-
KoropHTO? ox Koro? ox ne- take. Co3HaxbcH b cbogh omriCne.
r 6? to guard To confess one's mistake.
OxpaHfixb 3;^aHHe. To guard a build-
ing. OxpaHHXb rpaHHuy. To guard
the frontier.
n, n
O^EHb adv. very; very much nA/^A|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k y-
O^eHb KpacHBHH napK. A very Aa?//). ynalcxb, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx,
beautiful park, fl o^enb njioxo no- past yn^ji, -a, -0, -h
HHMaio no-pyccKH. / understand 1. to fall. OceHbK) jiHCXbH naAaiox
Russian very badly. Ha neqep c AepeBbeB na scmjiio. In autumn
npnmjio o'jeHb mhofo napoAy- from the trees to the
leaves fall
There were very many people at ground.
the evening-party. Mhc oneHb Hpa- 2. fig. to drop. K yxpy xeMnepa-
BHxcfl 3X0X (|)HjibM, / like this film xypa y Sojibuoro ynajia. By the
very much. morning the patient's tempera-
OHEPEAlb gen. pi. -en
/., ture had dropped.
1. queue. Cxorixb b onepeAH. To ^AJIE^ m., gen. ^aJlb^a finger, toe
stand in a queue. O^iepeAb 3a 6h- ^jiPiHHHe uajihUM. Long fingers.
JiexaMH. A queue for tickets. BoJibmoH naJien;. The thumb. Yua-
2. turn. saxejibHHH najiei^. The forefinger.
<> CACjiaxb B nepeyio o^epeflb. To IIOKasbiBaxb najibi^eM. To point
do in the first place. B cboio with the finger.
6»iepenb. In its turn. <> CMOTpeXb Ha qTO-JIHSo CKBOSb
OHflClHTb see HfiCTHTb, 2 najibHbi. To close one's eyes to
OHKjfl no sing., gen. -6b spectacles something. Snaxb mto-jihSo kek
HociTXb OHKii. To wear spectacles. CBOH HHTb
naJibn.eB. To have
MeJiOBeK B OHKax. A
man in spec- something at one's finger-tips.
tacles.^ TeMHHG oqKH. Sun-glasses. nAJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok stick
H HJIOXO BUHCy 693 O^KOB. / SCC OuHpaTbCfl Ha naJiKy. To lean on a
badly without spectacles. stick.Jlumuue^ naJiKH. Ski sticks^
OfflHBAlTbCH, -locb, -embca, -ioxch ^ JXenATh qxo-JiHSo H3-noA naji-
imp. B K M? B H e M? or without KH. To do something under the lash.
HAJI 95 HAX

HAJIblO neut., indecl. overcoat nAPHKMAXEPCKlAH /., gen. -oh,

SHMHee najibTo. A
winter overcoat. pi. -He
HaJ^eBaTb naJibTo- To put on an MyjKCKaH napHKMdxepcKaH. Bar-
overcoat. GHHMaTb naJiBxo. To take ber's shop. TKeHCKafl napHKMaxep-
off an overcoat. TyjiflTb 6e3 najib- CKaa. Hairdressing saloon.
t6. To take a walk without an over- IIAPK m. park
coat on. TopoffCKOH napK. A
city park. Ty-
nAMflTHHK m. jiHXb B napKB. To take a walk in
1. K o M y? q e M y? monument. the park. Xo^Hxb no napny. To
IlaMflTHHK nvfflKHHy. monu- A walk about in the park.
ment to Pushkin. IIAPOXO^ m. steamship
2. Hero? monument. IlaMHTHHK HaccajKHpcKHH napoxoA. pas- A
apxHTeKxypH. A monument of senger steamer. PeqnoH napoxoA.
architecture. A river steamer. HJitixb (exaxb) na
HAMHTb /., no pi. napoxoAG. To sail on a ship.
1. memory, y nee njioxaH naMHXb. HAPTEP [-X9-] m. the stalls and
She has a poor memory. the pit (in a theatre, etc.)
2. memory. IlaMflTb o xex ahhx Mecxo B napxepe. A
place in the
HHKorjta He HCHesneT. The mem- stalls. CHAexb b napxepe. To sit in
ories of those days will live the stalls. Kynuxb 6hji6x b napxep.
for ever. To buy a ticket for the stalls.
<> IIoAapHTb ^t6-jih6o KOMy-JiH- nAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napxHsan
6o Ha naMflTb. To give something guerrilla
to somebody as a keepsake, nojiy- Bo BpeMH BOHHw MOH 6pax 6l>IJI

HHTb qTO-JiH^o OT Kor6-JiH6o na napxnaanoM. During the war my

naMHTb. To get something from some- brother was a guerrilla.
body as a keepsake. YiHTb Ha I1APTH3AHCK1HH, -an, -oe, -ne guer-
naMHTb. To learn by heart. rilla
nAlIA m. daddy IlapxHaaHCKOe ABHJKeHHe. The guer-
HAnHPOCA /. cigarette rilla movement. IlapxHaaHCKHH
KpenKHe nannpocH. Strong ciga- oxpHA- A guerrilla detachment.
KypHTb nannpocy. To smoke
rettes. UAPTflflHlblH, -aa, -oe, -He party
a cigarette. Ilapx/iHHoe coGpaune. A party meet-
IIAP m., pi. -H vapour ing. riapxHHHHH 6HJiex. A party
BojlHHoH nap. Water vapour. Hpn membership card.
TeMnepaxype 100 rpa^ycoB L[ejibCHH nAPTHH party
/.

Bo^a npeBpan];aexcH b nap. At a ^Jien napxHH. A member of the

temperature of 100° C. water turns party. Bcxynnxb b napxHio. To join
into vapour. the party.
nAPA /. nACMYPHIblfl, -aH. -oe, -iie dull,
1. pair. Ilapa xy$ejib. pair of shoes. A gloomy
2. couple. B 3aJie xanneBajio ne- IlacMypHBiH AGHL. A dull (gloomy)
CKOJibKO nap. Several couples day.
were dancing in the hall. MoJio- HACCAHCflP m. passenger
flaH napa. A young couple. B Kyne 6ujio Hexwpe naccaH^iipa.
IIAPAJ^ m. parade There were four passengers in the
BoeHHHH napa^. military pa- A compartment.
rade. (DH3KyjibxypHHH napaA- A HATPHOT m.
sports parade. Bbixb na napaA©- 1. patriot. BopbSa naxpnoxoB aa
To be on parade. ocBoSomAeHHO CBoen cxpanbi.
nAPlEHb m., gen. -hh lad The struggle of the patriots for
Th xopomnn napenbl — cKasaJi the liberation of their country.
OH. ''You are a fine ladJ" he said. 2. enthusiast. HaxpHox cBoero Ae-
IIAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser Jia. An enthusiast for a cause.

PaSoxaxb napHKMaxepoM. To work IIAXATb, namy, namemb, namyx

as a barber (hairdresser). imp. H T 0? He M?//>. Bcnaxaxb,
HAX 96 HEP

Bcnamy, Bcnamemb, Bcnamyr IlepeBHnojiHHXb njian. To overful-

to plough fil a plan. nepcBMnoJiHHXb nopMy.
IlaxaTb aeMJiK). To plough the To overfulfil the quota.
land. DEPErnATb see nEPEPOHHTb
nAXHiyXb, -emb, -yi, past nax,
-y, HEPErOBOPbl no sing, o hom?
-jia, -jio, -JiH imp. q e M? to smell talks, negotiations
/^yxH npHHTHO n^XHyx. The per- JleperoBopu o Mnpe. Peace talks.
fume smells pleasant. impers. Ha \ IleperoBopu Me«Ay
cxpanaMH.
Jiyry npHaxHO ndxHex cchom. Negotiations between countries. Bec-
There is a pleasant smell of hay in TH neperoBdpu c k6m-jih6o o hbm-
the meadow. jih6o. To conduct negotiations with
nAH|KA /., gen. pi -eK packet somebody about something. Ilepero-
na4Ka caxapa. A packet of sugar. BopH cocxoHJiHCb B Mockb6. The
naqKa nannpoc. A packet of ciga- negotiations took place in Moscow.
rettes. nEPErOHUlTb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.
MHCHH /. pension
Kor6? *!xo? B^e
m?//>. nepe-
rnaxb, neperoHio, neperonnmb, ne-
IleHCHH no cx^pocxH. An old-age
peroHHx, past neperaaji, -rnajia,
pension. IloJiynaxb nencHio. To get
-FH^jilo, -H to overtake
a pension. Buhxh na neHCHio, To 3xox cnopxcM^H nepernaji Bcex bo
retire on a pension. BHXb na nen-
BpeMH copeBHOBaHHH. This sports-
CHH. To be on pension.
man overtook everyone in the com-
^ll;^EJlbHH^A /. ash-tray petition.
HEPEBECTfl see nEPEBOAflTb UEPEp, prep. + instr.
^EPEBC);^ m. 1. in front of. IlepeA okhom. In
1. translation. Tohhlih nepoBOfl. front of the window.
An exact translation. GfleJiaxb 2. before. IlepeA ypoKOM. Before
nepeBOA- To make a translation. the lesson.
2. transfer. IlepeBOA ^ener no ndn- 3.: Mne cxhaho nepeA BaMH. / feel
xe. A postal order. guilty towards you.
IIEPEBOAflTb, nepeBOjKy, nepeso- IIEPE^AIBATb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
flnmb, nepcBOAHx imp. hxo?/ q X 0? K o M y?/p. nepeA^xb, nepe-
p. nepeBe|cxri, -^y, -Aemb, -Ayx, past AaM, nepeAamb, nepeAacx, nepeAa-
nepeBcji, nepeBeJi|a, -6, -a AHM, nepeAaAHxe, nepeAaAyT, past
1. to take. llepeBecxH peSenKa nepeAaji, -a, nepeAaji|o, -h
Hepea yjinny. To take a child 1. to give. HepeAaxb nncbMo Apy-
across the street. ry. To give a letter to a friend.
2. to transfer. nepesecxH ^enbra no 2. to tell. HepeAanxe npHBex poA-
TeJierpi(|)y. To send money by HHM. Give my regards to your
telegraph. relatives. IlepeAaH CMy, a mo
3. to translate. IlepeBecxH KHHry c CKopo npHAy. Tell him that I'll
(|)paHEty3CKoro HSHKa na pyc- come soon.
CKHH. To translate a book from to broadcast. IlepeAaBaxb koh-
3.
French into Russian. n,epx no paAno. To broadcast a
nEPEBO;^HHK m. translator, inter- concert. IlepeAaBaxb nocJieAHHe
preter H3BecxHH. To broadcast the news.
HepeBOA^HK c anrjinncKoro asHKa. HEPEJ^ATb see nEPE^ABAXb
An English translator (interpreter). HEPE^AHA broadcast
/.

VcxHWH nepeBOA^HK. An interpret- IlepeA'^^a no paAHO. Radio broad-

er. PaSoxaxb nepenoA^nKOM. To cast. Cjiymaxb nepcAany. To lis-
work as a translator (interpreter). ten to a broadcast.
nEPEBb'inOJIHHTb see nEPEBbl- HEPE^OBlOfl, -aH, -6e. -we
nOJlHUTb 1. foremost. OepeAOBdH pa66qHH.
HEPEBbinOJlHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -K)x A foremost worker.
imp. qxo/p. nepeBwnonnlHXb, -to, 2. advanced. HepcAOB^H x^XHHKa.
-nmb, -Hx to overfulfil Advanced technique.
 HEP 97 HEC

nEPEE35KA|Tb, -k), -emb, -k)t lectures. GffeJiaTb nepepHB. To

imp./p. nepeexaTfc, nepeeAly, -emb, have a break.
<> OSe^eHHbiH nepepuB. A break
1. He pea hto?
or hto? to cross. for lunch. The dinner hour.
IlepeexaTb (^epea) rpaHHii;y. To ^EPECAJ^|KA /., gen. pi. -ok change
cross the border. IlepeexaTb (^le- GaeJiaTb nepecaAKy. To change.
pea) peKy. To cross the river. ExaTb c nepecaAKaMH, Sea nepecaa-
2. o T K y 3 a? K y A a? to move. KH. To have to change (trains, etc.),
IlepeexaTb na HOByio KBapTjipy. not to have to change (trains, etc.).
To move to a new place (of res- IIEPECTAIBATb, -i6, -emb, -iot imp.
idence). IlepeexaTb h3 Mockbh -\- inf. I p. nepecTa|Tb, -ny, -nemb,
B JleHHHrpaA- To move from -HyT to cease, to stop
Moscow to Leningrad. Ilepeea- /lloJKAb nepecTaJi. The rain has
H?aTb c MecTa ea MecTO. To keep stopped. PeSenoK nepecTaJi njia-
moving from one place to anoth- KaTb. The child stopped crying. Ile-
er. pecTaHbTe paaroBapHBaTbl Stop talk-
HEPEEXATb HEPEESHCATB
see ing! ^
HEPEttTfl see HEPEXOAflTb HEPECTATb see nEPECTABATb
HEPEMEHA /. IIEPEy'JI|OK m., gen. -Ka lane, street
1. change. UepeMeHa KJiHMaTa. A yaKHH nepeyjiOK. A narrow street.
change of climate. IIEPEXOJIi ^- passage, crossing
2. change. B ero mmmi nponao- IIoAaeMHBiH nepexoA- An under-
mJiH Sojibmwe nepeMeHH. Great ground passage. EepexoA He pea
changes took place in his life. yjiHD;y. A street crossing.
llEPEHECTfl see HEPEHOCflTb HEPEXOAflTb, nepexojKy, nepexo-
IXEPEHOCflTb, nepenomy, nepeno- AHmb, nepexoAHT imp. I p. nepeH|TH,
CHrab, nepeHOCHT imp. k o r 6? -Ay, -Aerab, ^ -AyT, past nepemeji,
H T o?/p. nepeneclTH, -y, -emb, -yT, nepemJija, -6, -h
past nepenec, nepeHecji|a, -6, -h 1. qepea hto? or hto? to cross.
1. to carry. nepenecTH pe6eHKa HepexoAHTb nepea yjiHn;y. To
lepea flopory. To carry the child cross the street. IlepexoAHTb
across the road. HepeHecTH Bemn rpaHHEty.To cross the border.
H3 OflHOH KOMHaTH B ji;pyryio. HepexoAHTb nepea moot. To cross
To carry the things from one a bridge.
room to another. 2. HepeHTH na Apyryio
to change.
2. to endure. IlepeHecTii TajKOJiyio paSoTy. To change one's fob.
6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious 3. to pass. BjiacTb nepemjia BpyKH
illness. HapoAa. The power passed into
3. to put off.nepenecTH coSpanne the hands of the people.
ua ;5pyr6e BpeMH. To put off a IIEP|EE[ m., gen. -^a pepper
meeting to another time. HepHLiH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac-
HEPEnHCATb see IIEPEnflCblBATb HHH nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbRHH
HEPEnflCblBAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot nepen;. Hot pepper. Maco c nepn,eM.
imp. H T o? I p. nepeuHcaTb, nepe- Meat with pepper.
nnmy, nepeniimemb, nepennmyT IIEPO neut., pi. nepba
to copy 1.feather. Ilepo nTHn;bi. bird's A
UepenHcaTb tokct. To copy a text. feather.
HEPEPblB m. i 2. nib. SojiOToe nepo. gold nib.A
1. interval, break. IlepepuB b pa- HEPHATIKH pi, gen. pi. -ok; sing.
SoTe. A break in work. HocJie nepqaTKa /. gloves
TpexjieTHero nepepusa ona cho- KoacaHHe nepnaTKH. Leather gloves.
Ba nomjia paSoTaTb. After a three JleTHHe nepqaTKH. Summer gloves.
years' interval she went to work HaACTb nepqaTKH. To put on one's
again. gloves.
2. interval. IlepepMB MejK^y JieK- IIEC|Hfl /., gen. pi, -en o kom? o
ij;HaMH. An interval between HOM? song
7—4002
EEC njiA

HapoflHaH necHH. A folk song, flexb 2. pioneer. IlHOHepH KocMOca. The

necHK) jiioSbh. To sing a love song. pioneers of Space.
nEClOK m., gen. -Ka sand IIHPOaCHlOE neut., gen. -oro fancy
MopcKOH necoK. Sea bottom sand. cake
MeJiKHH necoK. Fine sand. JleHtaxt rieco^Hoe nnpoH^Hoe. A shortcake.
Ha necKe. To lie on the sand. nnpoJKHoe KpeMOM. A cream cake.
c
<> CaxapHMH necoK. Granulated Han c nnpoMCHLiM. Tea and cakes.
sugar. Kynnxb H^CKOJibKo nnpoJKHWx. To
IIETb, no|K), -m
imp. h t o? o
-emt, buy some cakes.
k6m?o hgm? kom y?/p. cneib, nHPOH^lOK m., gen. -Ka small pie
cnolK), -enib, -k)t to sing nnCATEJlb m. writer
ITexb necHK) flpysbHM. To si/i^ a IlHCATb, nnmy, nnmemb, nrimyT
song to one's friends. IleTb c qyB- imp. q X o? k o m y? o kom?
CTBOM. To sing with feeling. Deib one u?/p. Hanncaxb, nannmy, na-
xopoM. To sing in chorus. nrimemb, Hannmyx to write
IIEHAJIbHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -ue sad. a) Oh njrmex nncbMo poAHxeJiHM.
melancholy ^e
is writing a letter to his par-
HeqaJibHaH MysbiKa. Sad music. ents.
He^aJibHoe HacTpoenne. A melan- b) IlHcaxb cxHXii. To write poetry,
choly mood. Ile^aJibHHe rjiaaa. Sad Hanncaxb KHPiry o jkhshh yqe-
eyes. HHX. To write a book on the life
nE^ATAjTb, -K).^ -emb, -lox imp. Oh nanncaJi o x6m>
of scientists.
H T 0? HaneHaxalxb, -lo, -emb, -lox
/ /?. Hxo BH^eJi BO BpeMH uyxemecx-
1. to publish, to print. Hane^ia- BHH. He wrote about what he saw
xaxb cxaxbK) b HxypnaJie. To pub- on his journey.
lish an article in a magazine. IIHCbMO neut., pi. nMCLMa, gen. pL
2. to type. Ileqaxaxb na MamnnKe. nnceM KOMy? letter
To type on a typewriter. ^o;^p66Hoe nncbMo. A detailed letter.
HEHATB /. SaKasHoe hhclmo. A registered let-
1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp. ter. HocbiJiaxb HHCbMO. To send a let-
2. press. ter. IIoJiyHHXb nncbMo. To receive a
IIEHEHbE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits letter. HncbMo Jipyry. A letter to
CJia^Koe nenenbe. Sweet pastry. one's friend.
Han c neieHbeM. Tea and biscuits. nHTb, -emb, -lox, past hhji, hh-
nb|K),
HeqeHbe k ^aio. Tea biscuits. Jia, -H imp. H X o? / /). bw-
HHJiIo,
HEmKOM adv.^ on foot HHXb, BbinblK), -emb, -lox, past bw-
Haxh nemKOM. To go on foot. nHJi, -a, -0, -H to drink
nnAHflHO neut., indecl. upright IlHXb BOAy- To drink water. BbinHXb.
piano lamKy K6$e.j To have a cup of
Hrpaxb Ha nnaHHHO. To play the coffee.
piano. njIABA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. r^e?
nflBO neut., no pi. beer Ky^a? to swim, to sail
Xojio/IHoe HHBO. Cold beer. Ilnxb H jih)6jik) HJiaBaxb. / like to swim^
napo. To drink beer. KpyHtKa nii- KajKfl;biH fleHb oh nJiasaJi na ocx-
Ba. A mug of beer. poB. Every day he swam to the is-
^HJ^3KAK m., gen. -a jacket roA OH njiaBaji Maxpo-
land. IIoqxH
JI^THHH ^H;^}KaK. A
summer jacket. COM Ha SoJibmoM napoxoAe. For al-
HocHXb HHfljKaK. To wear a jacket. most a year he sailed on a large
DHHCAMA /. pyjamas ship as a deckhand.
Tenjian nnHtaMa. Warm pyjamas. nJlAjKATb, -qy, -qemb, -qyx imp./
Cnaxb B HHwaMe. To sleep in one's p. 3anjia|Kaxb, -qy, -qemt, -qyx (p.
pyjamas. verb shows beginning of action) to cry
nnOHEP m. FopbKO nJiaKaxb. To cry bitterly.
1. a Young Pioneer. Moh 6pax — IIJiaKaxb ox 66jih. To cry with pain.
nnonep. My brother is a Young njIAH m. plan
Pioneer. IIJiaH pa66xH. A plan of work. IlJiaa
nJiA 99 no

paSBHTHH HapOAHOrO X03flHCTBa. A nJIEHlKA /., gen. pi. -ok film

plan of national economic develop- IlpoflBMXb HJieHKy. To develop a
ment. BbinoJiHHTb njian. To fulfil film^
a plan.^ IlepeBBinoJiHHTb nJian na nJIEHO neut., pi. nJie^H shoulder
50% (npoiieHTOB). To overfulfil the ninpoKHe njie^H. Broad shoulders.
plan by 60%. riojiojKHxb pyKy KOMy-;iH6o na njie-
njIAHETA /. planet qo. To put one's hand on somebody's
^aJieKan njianexa. A distant planet. shoulder.
njIAHSPlOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT <> Eiuy axo hb no njieqy. This is
imp. q T 0? to plan beyond his capacity {power, etc.) Pa-
IIJiaHHpoBaTb paGoxy. To plan one's SoTaxb njie^oM k njie^y c Kein-JiHSo.
work. Hjiae/ipoBaTb cBoe BpeMH. To To work hand-in-hand with some-
plan one's time. body.
njIACTflHlKA /., gen. pi. -ok record njIOTflHA /. dam
IIocTaBbTe HOByK) njiacTHHRyl Put nJIOXlOfl, -an, -6e, -lie. short form
a new record on! FpaMnjiacTitHKH. nJiox, njioxa, njioxo, hjioxh; adv.
Gramophone records. njioxo; comp. xyjKe (q.v.) bad
njIACTMACCA /. plastics riJioxaa noroAa. Bad weather. Ujio-
HsAeJiHH H3 nJiaCTMaccM. Plastic xoe HacxpoeuHe. A bad mood. Ero
articles. AeJia nJioxH. He is in a bad way.
njIATA /. payment EMy nJioxo. He feels bad. IIjioxo
3apa6oTHafl njiaxa. A salary, a paSoxaxb. To work badly.
wage IlJiaTa 3a bxoa- Admission fee. njIOmAmKA /., gen. pi. -ok ground,
njiara sa npoe3;i;. Fare. pitch
njIATflTb, njiaqy, nJiaTHmb, nJiaTHX CnopxHBHaH nJioma^Ka. sports A
imp. iTO? 3a HTO? 3a koto? ground.
H e M?/p. sanjiaTHTb, 3anJiaHy, sa- njIOmA^b /., gen. pi. en
njiaTHfflb, sanjiaTHT 1. square. U^eHxp^JibHaH njiomaAb.
1. to pay. IIjiaTHTb (AeHbrn) 3a no- A central square. OoHxaH na
KynKy. To pay (money) for a nJioTD^ajxn. A
fountain in a
purchase. SanjiaxHTb sa xoBapn- square.
To pay 2. area. Hjion^aAb xpeyroJibUHKa.
ni;a. for one's friend.
2. fig. to return. IlJiaxHXb JiioCoBbio
The area of a triangle.
3a 3a66xy. To return love for njIbllTb, -By, -Bemb, -Byx imp. Ky-
solicitude. A a? H a q e M? to swim, to sail
CnopxcMeu njiHBCx k 6epery. The
njIAT|OK m., gen. -Ka
sportsman is swimming towards the
1. scarf. HpKHH njiaxoK. A bright
shore. JIoA^a nJiMBex no peKe. The
scarf.
boat is sailing on the river. JJ^e-
2.: HocoBoH njiaxoK. A
handkerchief.
XH nJibiByx Ha JioAKe. The children
njIATOOPMA /. truck, platform
are sailing in a boat.
JKejiesHOflopoJKHaH njiaT(|)6pMa. A njIH3K m. beach
railway truck. JK^axb na njiax(|)6p-
Me. To be waiting on the platform.
IlecqaHbiH ujihjk. sandy beach. A
JleJKaxb (saropaxb) na njifiJKe. To
njIATBE neut , gen. pi. nJiaxbeB lie (to sunbathe) on the beach.
1. dress. EHejiKOBoe njiaxbe. A silk no prep.
dress. Ha Hen o^eHb Kpa-
6hjio
CHBoe njiaxbe. She had a beauti-
I. + dat.
1. along. Haxh no Aopore. To go
ful dress on. along the road. Xo^HTb no k6m-
2. no /?L clothes. MarasiiH Bepxnero naxe. To walk about in the room.
nJiaxbfl. A
clothes shop. 2. on, according to.npnexaxb no npn-
nJIAm m., gen. -a raincoat rJiameHHK). To come on somebody's
HenpOMOKaeMbiH njiam. A water- invitation. C^eJiaxb no coBexy
proof coat. KOr6-JiH6o. To do something on
njIEMUHHHK m. nephew somebody's advice. Pa66xaTb no
^JIEM}^HHH^A /. niece njiany. To work according to plan.
noB 100 nor

3. over. ToBopHTb no Tejie^ony. To nOBOPAHHBAITbCH, -locb, -enibOH,

speak over the telephone. nepefl;a- -loxcfl imp. Kyfla?//). noBepnlyxb-
na no pa^HO. A
radio broadcast. cfl, -ycb, -embcfl, -yxcH to turn
4.: TeipaAb no ^hshkb. physics A IIoBopaqHBaxbCH na cnnny. To turn
copy-hook. HeMnnoH no rHMnacTH- on to one's back. IToBepnyxbCH cuhhoh
Ke. A gymnastics champion. K OKHy. To turn one's back to the
5. in + '^^ in pl' SaHHMaxbCH no window. rioBepnyxbCH najieso. To
BeqepaM. To study in the eve- turn to the left.
nings. nOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapi-
6. on. IIoexaTb no ^eJiaM. To go on tulation
business. IIoBXopeHHe Maxepnajia. Recapitula-
II. -J- ace. tion of the material.
1. to. C naxoro no BocbMoe hhcjio. <> rioBTopeHbe — MaTb yqeHbH
From the fifth to the eighth (in- (proverb). Repetition is the mother
cluded).
of learning.
II0BEJ1;A /. HaJ^ kgm? naji; hgm? nOBTOPHTb see nOBTOPHXb
victory
IIoJiHaH no6efl;a. A
complete victory. nOBTOPflXbCH see nOBTOPUXBCfl
OflepjKaTb noSefly na^ BparoM. To nOBTOPHlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
win a victory over the enemy. Bep- q X o?/p. noBxoplHXb, -i6, -Hmb, -hx
nyxbCH c no6eAOH. To return vic- 1. to repeat. IIoBxopHxe, noH^ajiyn-
torious. cxa. Repeat that, please.
nOBEAHTB see UOBETKJlJiTh 2. to review. IIoBxopHXb yp6K. To
U0BE1iKJ\A\Th, -10, -enib, -lox imp. review one's lesson.
K r 6? q X 0? / p. no6eA|HXb, 1st nOBTOPHlTBCH, -locb, -embCH, -lox-
pers. sing, not used, -nnib, -hx to win, cfl imp./p. noBXoplHXbCH, -locb,
to conquer, to defeat, to overcome -HfflbCfl, -axCH
IloGeAHXb Bpara. To defeat the ene- 1. to recur. 3xo cjiobo nacxo no-
my. IIoSeAHXb B Bonne. To win a Bxopaexcfl b xeKcxe. This word
victory in a war. HoSejKAaTb cxpax. often recurs in the text.
To conquer fear. ^o6e;^HXb 6oJie3Hb. 2. to repeat oneself. J]|oKJiaAqHK
To overcome an illness. Hacxo noBXopnJicH. The speaker
nOBJIArOAAPflTB see BJIArO^A- often repeated himself.
PflTB
nOBJIEJ^HETB see BJIE^HETB norACflTB see rACflTb
nOBPflTBCH see BPflTBCH nOPHBAlTB, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
ox Her 6?//>. nornSnlyxb, -y, -emb,
no-BAmEMy -yx, past norH6, -Jia, -Jio, -jih to
1. adv. as you want. Mh c^eJiaJiH
perish
no-BameMy. We did as you want-
ftoriiSHyxb ox nyjin. To perish from
ed us to.
a bullet.
2. par en. word
in your opinion.
Ho-BameMy, axo npaBHJibno? Do nOrflBHyTb see nOPHBATB
you think it is right? norjlA^HTB see FJlAJlllTh
nOBEAEHHE neut. behaviour norJIHA^TB see TJIHAETb
CnpoMHoe noBe^eHHe. Modest be- nOrOBOPlflTb, K), -nmb, -ht p.
haviour. GxpaHHoe noBe^eHHe. o K 6 M? q e M? c Ken? to
Strange behaviour. talk
nOBKPHTB BEPHTB see IIoroBopHXb o nor6fle. To talk about
nOBEPHS^TBCH see HOBOPAHH- the weather. Mne naffo noroBopHXb
BATBCH c BaMH. / must speak to you.
nOBEPXHOCTB /. surface norO/^A no pl. weather
/.,
Ha noBepxHOcxH aeMJiH. On the KaKan ceroflna noroAa? What is
earth's surface. J^Bumeune no no- the weather like today? Bee Ji6xo
BepxHOcxH. Movement along a sur- cxoflJia njioxan noroAa- I'he whole
face. summer the weather was bad.
nOBECHTB see BfilHATB noryjiHTb see ryjiHxb
noA 101 noA

UOJS, (nOAO) prep. + ace. & instr. noAroxoBKa no MaxeMaxHKe. He

I. + instr. is well grounded in mathematics.
1. under. Oh chjigji noA AepesoM. nOAAEPHCATb see HOAAEPH^H-
ife was sitting under a tree. BATb
2. jig. under. PaCoxaTb no^ pyno- nOAAEP^HBAITb, -K), -emb, -iot
BOffCTBOM... To work under... imp. Koro? hxo? Hem? b hg m?/
BojibHOH 6hji noA HaGJUoffenneM p. noAAepH^axb, noAAepJKy, noAAep-
Bpana. The patient was under jKHHib, noAAepatax
medical observation. 1. to support. HoAAepJKaxb Apyra
3. near. JKhtb no^ Mockboh. To live coBexoM B xpyAHyio Mnnyxy. To
near Moscow. help a friend with one's advice
4. in. Hath nofl aoJKAGM. To walk in at a difficult time.
the rain. 2. to second. HoAAepJKaxb npeAJio-
II. + ace. jKeHHe Ha co6paHHH. To second
1. under. Oh ceJi no^ ^epeBO. He a move at a meeting.
sat down under a tree. nOAH^APHTb see HCAPHTb
2. to. TaHi;eBaTi> noa MVSHKy. To nOAMECTfl see nOAMETATb
dance to music. nOAMETA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
IIOAAlBATb, -K), -emb,^ -i6t imp. q T o? q e u>lp. noAMelcxiT, -xy,
H T o?K M y?/p. noASiTb, noAaM, -xemb, -xyx, past hoamcji, noAMe-
noAamb, noAacT, noAaj],HM, no^a- jija, -6, -H to sweep
flHxe, noAafliyT, />as^ noAaji, no^ajia, HoAMexaxb noji. To sweep the floor.
noAajiIo, -H nOAHHMAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
1. to help on. IIoAaBaTb najibio K r 6? HT nOAHHXb, nOAHH-
0?//).
AeBymKe. To help the girl on My, noAHWMemb, noAHHMyx, past
with her coat. noAHflJi, noAHHJia, hoahhjiIo, -h
2. to serve. HoAaBaxb nan na ctoji. 1. to pick up, to lift. IIoAHHXb xex-
To serve tea. paAfc c noJia.To pick up a copy-book
3. to extend. HoAaBaTb pyny. To from the IIOAHHXb peSeuKa.
floor.
extend one's hand. To lift a child. IIoAHflXb pyny.
•^ PyKOH noAaxb! A
stone's throw To raise one's hand. IIOAHaxb
(from). BopOTHHK. To raise one's collar.
nOAAPHTb see AAPflTb 2. to rouse. IIoAHflXb c nocxeJin.
nOAAPlOK m., gen. -Ka present To rouse.
AoporoH noflapoK. An expensive <> IXoAHHTfa myM, KpHK. To make
present. CfleJiaib no^apoK apyry. a noise, to start shouting.
To give a present to one's friend. nOAHHMAITbCH, -locb, -embcH, -lox-
IIoJiyqiiTb noAapoK ox APyra. To CH imp. /p. noAHflxbCH, noAHHMycb,
receive a present from one's friend. noAHHMembCfl, noAHHMyxca, past
nOAATb see nOAABATb nOAHH|jICH (& nOAHHJICfl), -Jiacb,
noaBHr m. feat -JlOCb, -JIHCb
TpyAOBOH noABHr. feat of A 1. to get up. noAHHMaxbCH yxpoM c
labour. CoBepmHXb noABHr. To ac- nocxeJiH. To get up in the morning.
complish a jeat. 2. to ascend. IIOAHHMaxbCH na ro-
nOABOAHlblH, -aa, -oe, -bie under- py. To ascend a mountain. IIoa-
water HHMaxbCH no JiecxHHi];e. To go
noABOAHHH MHp. The underwater up the stairs.
world. HoABOAHafl oxoxa. Underwa- 3. to rise. IIoAHHMaxbCH na 6opb-
ter hunting. IIoABOAHaH JiOAKa. A 6y c BparoM. To rise to the
submarine. struggle against the enemy.
noarOTOBHTb see rOTOBHTb, 2 4. fig. to go up. I^GHH na npoAyK-
nogrOTOBKA K H e M y?
/. XH nOAHflJiiicb. The prices of
1. preparation. HoAroxoBKa k 3K- food-stuffs have gone up.
saMenaM. Preparation for exami- 5. fig. to begin. IIoAHflJicfl iiiyM. A
nations. noise began. HoAHflJiCH CHJibHHH
2. grounding. Y Hero xopomaH Bexep. A
strong wind has risen.
 nofl 102 no»(

nO^HOC m. tray 1. to underline. HoflHepKHyTb cjio-

nOAHIlTb see nO^HHMATb Ba KapaHflamoM. To underline
nOAHIlTbCH see nOAHHMATbCH words in pencil.
nOAOaCAIATb, -y, -emb, -yi, past 2. fig. to emi)hasise. B flOKJiaae
noflOjKAaji, no;to>KAajia, no;to>KAa- H ooflHepKHyji 3HaHeHHe 3Toro
-H p.
ji|o, Koro? HTO? or Hero? H3o6peTeHHH. In my report I
to wait emphasised the importance of
noT^o>KAeM eme HeMHoro! LeVs wait this invention.
a hit longer! ^OJ^HEPKHyTb see nonq£pKH-
nOjaiOflTfl see no^xoAflTb BATb
noflnncATb ^ee noj^niicbiBATb nOAT>E35KA|Tb, -lo, -emb. -lox imp.
nOAnflCbIBA|Tb, -emb, -iot imp.
-H), K KOMy? K qeMy? / p. noAT.6-
H T 0? / p. noAHHcaTb, no;i;nHiny, xaxb, noA-beAly, -emb, -yx to ap-
noflniiraeinb, noAniimyT to sign proach, to drive up to
noAOHcaxb flOKyMeHT. To sign a nofl-beaHtaTb k ropoAy. To approach
document. IIo/inHcaTb ^oroBop. To the town. ABx66yc noA'bexafl k oc-
sign a treaty. IloAnHcaTb corjiaine- xanoBKe. The bus drove up to. the stop.

HHe. To sign an agreement. nOJliT>EM m.

IIOAPOBHIblfl, -afl, -oe, -He; adv. 1. ascent. U.oji'heM b ropy 6hji xpy-
no;tp66HO detailed flCH. Climbing the mountain was
lioApoGHoe HHCbMo. A detailed let- difficult.
ter.Oh noAp66HO paccKaaaJi o cbogh 2. enthusiasm. ApTiicTU nrpaJiH c
noesAKe. He described his trip in CoJibmiiM noAteMOM. The actors
detail. performed with great enthusiasm.
^OJ^Py^A /. (female) friend nOAT>EXATb see nO/^TjESaCATb
niKoJibHaa noApyra. A school friend. nOESJi; m., pi. -a train
no;i;pyra aexcTBa. One's playmate. CKopHH noesA. A fast train. Exaxb
^OJ^PyHCflTbCH, noApyjKycb, no- Ha noesAe. To go by train. Ilepe-
flpywHmbCH, noApyacaxcH p. c cecxb Ha noesA- To change for a train.
K e M? to become friends nOE3mKA /., gen. pi. -ok trip, tour
nOflpyJKHTbCH C HOBHMH TOBapH- HnxepecHaH noesAKa. An interesting
ntaMH. To make new friends. Bhct- trip. IIoeBAKa no crpaue. A tour of-
po noApy>KMTbCfl. To become friends the country.
quickly. nOECTb, HoeM, noemb, noecT, ooeAiiM,
nOATBEP^flTb see nOATBEP- nocAHTe, HoeAHT, past noeji, -a, -o,
^AATb -H to eat
^0;^TBEP3K^A|Tb, -emb, -iot
-lo, noHACM HoeAHMl Let's go and get
imp. q T o?/p. noATBeplAHTb, -Hcy, something to eat!
-flHmb, -AflT to confirm nOF.XATb, noeAly, -emb, -yT p. k y-
Oh noATBepAHJi, hto npHaei saBx- A d? Ha
q e M? to go, to drive
pa. He confirmed that he would Iloexaxb Ha aKCKypcnio. To go on
come the next day. an excursion. ABT66yc ocTaHOBHJiCH
nOJ^YMATb see ^yMATb OKOJio AOMa, a hotom noexaJi jianh-
^0;^ym|KA /.. gen. pi. -en pillow. me. The bus stopped near the house
cushion and then drove on. JleTOM mm no-
nOJ^XO/^flTb, noflxojKy, noaxoAnmb, CAGM na i6r. In summer we shall go
noAxoAHT imp. k k m y? k h e- to the south.
My?/p. noflOHlTH, -fly, -flemb, -ayx, <> Iloexajio na Mexpo! (colloq.)
past noflomeji, noAomJi|a, -6, -h Let's go by the underground!
1. to approach, lIoAXOAiiTb k ok- nOaCAJIETb see HCAJIETb
Hy. To approach the window. nOJKAjIOBATbCH see JKAJIOBATb-
2. KOMy? to fit. 3xH xy^Jin Mne CH
noflxoflHT. These shoes fit me. nOJKAjiyflCTA particle please
nOflHEPKHBAITb, -K), -emb. -iot HaBHHHTe, noHtaJiyncTa. Excuse me
imp. q T o?/p. noflqepKHlyxb, -y, please. J^aHTe Mne, nowaJiyncTa,
-Smb. -yT KHiiry. Will you give me the book.
noHC 103 noK

please? CKa>KHTe, nowaJiyncTa, r^e his birthday. IIoBjtpaBJiflio c Hobhm

Mexpo? Could you tell me where the toaom! / wish you a Happy New
underground station is, please? Cna- Year!
ch6o. —HoKajiyHCTa. "Thank you." n03HAK0MHTbCH see 3HAK0-
''Don't mention it." MHTbCH
nOUKkTh see nOJKHMATB & HCATb nOBMATb see JIOBflTb
no5KEJIAHHE neut. wish ^Ofl[|Tfl,-;^y, -aemb, -;tyx, past nomeji,
HoBoroAHHe nojKejiaHHH. New noniJija, -6, -h p. ji, a? -{-Ky
inf.
Year's wishes. to go
noaCEJIATb see ^EJIATb noHXH B xeaxp, na KOH^epx. To go
nOHCHJIIOfl, -an, -6e, -He elderly to the theatre, to a concert. Mh
n05KHMA|Tb, -K), -eniL, -jot imp. noH^eM ceroAHH BenepoM b rocxH.
H T 0? / p. nojKaxb, nojKM|y, -emb, Tonight we shall go visiting. Oh
-yT to press Me^JieHHO nomeji k ABepn. He
1.: Ohh KpenKO noJKajiH jtpyr apyry slowly went towards the door. IIoH-
. pyKH. They shook hands heartily. AeM TyJiHThl Let's go for a walk/
2.: nojKHMaxb nJieHaMH. To shrug <>noniJiH B KHHOl (colloq.) Let's go
one's shoulders. to the cinema!
n03AB0THTbCH see 3AB0THTbCH nOKA
nOSABfl^OBATb see 3ABflja(0BATb 1. adv. yet. Oh noKa ne y^HxcH.
noaABTPAKATb see BABTPAKATb He doesn't go to school yet.
nOSABHEPA adv. the day before 2. conj. while. IIOKa mh aaHHMa-
*

yesterday JiHCb,nomeji ji,07K}},h. While we

3x0 cjiyqHJiocb noaaBqepa. It hap- were studying it began raining.
pened the day before yesterday. rioKa meji ji,omjj,h, mh CHAeJiH
nOSBATb see 3BATb JtOMa. We
stayed at home as long
n03B0HflTb see 3B0HflTb as it rained. IloKa He KOH^y
II03/i;HlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne late HHCbMo, He noHAy ryjiaxb. /
nosAHHH Be^ep. late evening.A won't go out before I have fin-
IIoaaHHe itBexM. Late flowers. ished the letter.
^03J^H0 adv., comp. noajKe & nosA- nOKA3ATb see nOKASblBATb
Hee late nOKA3ATbCfl see KA3ATbCH &
1. late. noa^HO Ho^bio. Late at nOKA3bIBATbCH
night. rioa^HO Jie^b cnaxb. To nOKA3bIBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
go to bed late. Oh npHmeJi nos- K o M y? H e M y? k o r 6? h x o? or
jKe Bac. He came later than you. Ha Koro? na hx 6?//). noKaaaxb,
PeSeHOK nosAHO naqaji roBopnxb. noKaJKV, noKaacemb, noKawyx
The child began to speak late. 1. to show. rioKasaxb Apyry $oxo-
2. predic. impers. (it is) late. CeHnac rpa$HK). To show one's friend a
noa/^HO. It's late now. IloaAHO photograph.
roBopHXb o6 3X0M. It's too late 2. to point (at, to). IIoKaaHBaxb
to speak about that. pyKOH Ha oSJiaKO. To point at a
<> Jlyqrae nosAHO, »ieM HHKorAa. cloud with one's hand.
Better late than never. Paeo hjih nOKA3bIBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH,
no3AHO. Sooner or later. -loxcfl imp./p. noKaaaxbCfl, noKa-
nO3flOP0BATbCH see 3AOP(3BATb- jKycb, noKajKembcH, noKaJKyxca to
CH show
n033PABHTb see n03APABJlHTb Ha-aa xyq noKaaaJiocb cowinqe. The
n03J5PABJlHiTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. sun showed from behind the clouds.
Koro? Hxo? c HeM?/p. no3Apa|- Jlyna xo noKasHBaJiacb, xo Hcneaa-
BHXb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -Bflx to Congrat- Jia aa o6jiaKaMH. The moon was now
ulate visible, now hidden behind the clouds.
nosApaBHXb flpyaea c npa3;5HHK0M. nOKOJiEHHE neut. generation
To friends on a festive
congratulate MoJio^oe noKOJienne. The young gen-
occasion. IIoaApaBHXb c ;^HeM po)K- eration. noKOJienne oxnoB. The
JteHHfl. To congratulate somebody on older generation.
 noK 104 noji

nOKPACHETb see KPACHEXb 2. political. IlojiHTHqecKaH 3koh6-

nOKynAlTb, -lo, -emb, -lOT imp. k o- MHH. Political economy.
r 6? H T o? K M y?//). KynHTb, Kyn- nOJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok
Jiio,Kynnmb, Kynnx to buy 1. shelf. KuHJKHaH noJiKa. A book-
EoKynaTb xjie6 b MarasHne. To buy shelf. KuHrH cxoHx Ha nojiKe.
bread in a shop. Kynii mhg ceroji;- The books are on the shelf.
HHfflHioK) raaexy! Buy me today's 2. berth. BepxHHH (hhhchhh] hoji-
paper/ Ka B Barone. An upper (lower)
nOKyPflXb see KYPflTb berth in a railway carriage. Jle-
nOKymATb see K^^fflATb Hcaxb Ha BepxHeH nojiKe. To lie
nOJI m., prepos. na -y; pi. -h floor on an upper berth.
Hhcthh noji, A clean floor. IIo^tMe- <0* IIojioHCHTb 3y6iJ Ha nojiKy. To
Taxb To sweep the floor. fleiH
noJi. starve.
HrpdJiH Ha noJiy. The children were nOJlH|blB[, -afl, -oe, -we, short form
playing on the floor. noJiOH, nojiH|a, -6, -w
n6jI|E neut., pi. -a 1. full. IIojiHbiH cxaKan BOflH. A
1. field. ninpoKoe nojie. A large flass full of water. 3a Ji n6jiOH
field. PacTH na noJie. To grow pHxeJien. The hall is full of
in a field. PaSoxaxb b noJie. To spectators. KoMHaxa, nojiHafl
work in the field. CBexa. A
room full of light.
2. fig. field. HlnpoKoe nojie jtea- 2. complete. IIoJiHaH cBoGoAa. Com-
xeJibHOCXH. A wide field of activ- plete freedom. IIojihhh oxamx.
ity. Complete rest.
3. field. MarHHXHoe noJie. A magnet- 3. stout. nojiHbiH neJiOBCK. A stout
ic field. man.
4. pi.brim. niJinna c hojiamh. A nOJIHOCTbK) adv. completely
hat with a brim. H noJiHOCxbK) corjiacen c BaMH. /
nOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is) am in complete agreement with you.
useful nOJIOBflHA /. half
EMy nojiesHO MHoro ryjiaxb. It is IIoJiOBHHa nyxH. Half the way. ITo-
useful for him to walk a lot. BoJibHO- JiOBHHa roAa. Half a year. EepBaH
My nojiesHO nnxb (|)pyKx6BHH cok. It nojiOBHHa HrpLi. The first half of
is good for the sick man to drink XIX Be-
a match. Bxopafl noJiOBHHa
fruit juice. Ka. The second half of the 19th
nOJIE3Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short century. CcH^ac noJiOBHHa raecxoro.
form nojieaen, noJie3H|a, -o, -h It is half past five. IIpHXOAH-
useful xe B DOJioBHHe mecxoro. Come at
noJiesHafl KHiira. A
useful book. half past five.
nojiesHHH coBex. Useful advice. nOJIOHCEHHE neut. situation
nOJlET m. flight 3KOHOMHHecKoe noJiOHteuHe. The
OnacHHH nojiex. A dangerous flight. economic situation. TflweJioe nojio-
CoBepniHXb nojiex. To make a flight. jKenne. A
difficult situation. OKa-
nOJIEjTETb, -Hy, -XHuib, -xhx p. to fly aaxbcfl B xpy^HOM noJiojKenHH. To
HoJiexexb b kocmoc. To fly to outer find oneself in a difficult situation.
space. HaHXH BHXOA H3 jiK)66ro noJiowe-
nOJIflTHKA /., no pi. policy, politics HHH. To find a way out of any
BnemnHH noJiHXHKa. Foreign poli- situation.
cy. BnyxpeHHHH nojiHXHKa. Home nOJIOHCflTb see KJIACTb
policy. 3aHHMaxbCH uojimxhroh. To nOJIOTEnmE neut., gen. pi. -e^ tow-
go in for politics. el
nOJlHTflHECKlHfl, -afl, oe, -ne noJioxcHue. A Turkish
Moxnaxoe
1. political. IIoJiHXHHecKaH o6cTa- BbixHpaxb pyKH nojioxenuew.
towel.
HOBKa. The political situation. To dry one's hands with a towel.
IIoJiHXHqecKaH 6opb6a. politi- A nOJITOPA m. & neut., gen. noJiyxopa;
cal struggle. IIojiHXHHecKHH flea- nojixopM /., num. one and a half
TeJib. A politician. nOJiyOCTPOB m., pi. a peninsula
 .

noji 105 noM

nOJiyHAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. BocnojiBBOBaxBCH cjiyqacM. To

qTO? OT Koro? OTKYAa?/ avail oneself of an occasion. IIojib-
p. nojiyqHTB, nojijrqy, nojiy^HmB, BOBaXBCH BOBMOJKHOCXBK). To
noJiynaT avail oneself of an opportunity.
1. to receive. IIojiyHaTB nacBMa h3 IIoJiBBOBaxBCH opaBOM. To exer-
AOMa. To receive letters from home. cise the right.
IIojiy^HTB ;^eHB^H 3a pa66- 2. no p. to enjoy. IIojiBaoBaxBCH
Ty. To get money for one's HBBecxHOCXBK). To be well known.
work. HojiyHHTB nojtapoK ot ot- nOJIIOBflTb see JlIOBflTb
Hdi. To get a present from one's nOJlIOBOBATbCH see JIIOBOBATb-
father. HojiyHHTB npHrjiamcHHe. CH
To receive an invitation. nOJIIOC m. pole
2. to get. IIoJiyqHTB nyntHMH pe- CeBepHMH nojiioc. The North Pole.
syjiBTaT. To get the necessary HayqnaH aKcne^iinHH na KDjkhhh
HoJiyqaxB caxap hb cbck-
result. nojiioc. A scientific expedition to
JiBi. To
obtain sugar from beetroot. the South Pole.
3. to receive. HoJiyHHTB sBaHHe nOMEmATb see MEIHATb
npo^eccopa. To receive the title nOMEm^HHE neut. room, premises
of professor. IIoJiyqHTB oxMCTKy. >KHJi6e ^OMe^^eHHe. Living premises.
To get a mark. IIojiyHHTB 6Jia- IIOMEn^HK m. landowner
rOAapHOCTB. To be thanked. KpynHHH noMeni;HK. A big landown-
nOJiyHAlTBCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not er. BoraxHH noMeni;HK. A rich
used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch imp./ p. landowner.
noJijrqHTBCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not IIOMHJ|;OP m. tomato
used, 3rd pers. noJiy^HTCH, nojiy- CneJiue noMH^opLi. Ripe tomatoes.
HaTCfl CaJiax HB HOMH/topoB. Tomato salad.
1.: y MCHH He nojiyqaexcH aaflana. nOMH|HTb, -K), -HmB, -hx imp.
/ can't manage the problem. CDoxo- K r 6? or q X 0? o k 6 m? o q e m?
rpa$HH nojiyHHJiHCB xopomo. to remember
The photographs proved to be IIoMHHXB -pojiBopL j^OM. To remember
good. Saflana ne noJiyqaexcH. the house where one was born. IIom-
The problem won't work out. HHXB oxna. To remember one's fa-
2.: impers. EoJiyqaexcH, hxo h bhho- ther. rioMHHXB o jxpyre. To remem-
Bax. It looks as if I am to blame. ber one's friend. IIomhhxb o cboch
nojiyqflxb see nojiynATb neJiH. To bear in mind one's aim.
nOJiynflTbCH see nOJiy^ATbCH <> He noMHHTb ce5fl (ot rneBa).
nOJI^ACA m., gen. nojiynaca half an To be beside oneself (with wrath).
hour nOMOrAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
H TKjiaJi ero ii;eJiHx nojiqaca. / wait- KOMy? qeMy? qcM? &-1- inf./
ed for him for a whole half-hour. p. HOMoqB, noMory, noMOJKemb,
Oh DHcaJi B xeqeHHe nojiyqaca. He noMoryx, past noMOr, -Jia, -Jio, -jih
wrote for half an hour. to help
nOJIb3A /. use IIoMoraxB cxapoH Maxepn. To help
JlenapcxBO npHuecJio GojiBinyio one's old mother. IIoMoqB Apyry
noJiBsy CoJiBHOMy. The medicine ;^66pHM coBexoM. To help one's
helped the sick man very much. friend with good advice. IIoMoqb
nOJIb3|OBATbCH, -yiocB, -yemBCH, 6paxy pemHXb aaflaqy. To help
-yioxcH imp. q e m? / /?. bochojibbIo- one's brother to solve a problem.
BaxBCH, -yiocB, -yemBCH, -yioxcH no-MOEMy
1. to use. IIojiBBOBaxBCH 6H6jiH0xe- adv. my
1 way. Oh cj^eJiaJi axo no-
KOH. To use a library. Hojibbo- MoeMy. He did it my way.
BaXBCH HyHtHOH KHHrOH. To usc 2. paren. word in my opinion.
the book one needs. IIoJiBBOBaxB- Ilo-MoeMy, oh xopomnn qejio-
Cfl ycjiyraMH. To avail oneself of BeK. In my opinion, he is a good
services. BocnojiBBOBaxBCfl cose- man.
TOM. To make use] of advice. nOMOHb see HOMOrATb
noM 106 no

nOMOmHHK m. help nOHA^AlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. /

ChH 5mJI XOpOmHM nOMOmHHKOM p. nonacxb, nona«|y, -emb, -yx, past
omy. The son was a good help to nonaJi, -a, -o, -h
his father. 1. to hit. Ilonacxb b EteJib. To hit
nOMOmb /., no pi. help the mark.
OKaaaib noMomb paHenoMy. To 2. to get. Honacxb b xeaxp. To get
give help to a wounded man. IIpo- to the theatre.
CHTb noMomn y ;^py3eH. To ask 3. to get. KaK bh cio^a nonajin?
one's friends for help. IIpocHTb o How did you get here?
noMomn. To ask for help. IIpHHTH 4. impers., colloq. to catch it. Mne
Ha noMomb. To come to the did. nonaJio ox Maxepn. / caught it
OxKasaxb b noMOmn. To refuse to hot from Mother.
give help. <> KaK nonajio. Anyhow. IIonacTb
nOHEAEJILHHK m. Monday
He B 5p6Bb, a b r.iaa. Gf. To
hit the nail on the head.
B noHe;;eJibHHK mh yesjKaeM. We
leave on Monday. Ka?K;;biH: none-
nO-nPEaCHEMy adv. stlll, as before
ACJibHiiK (no noHe;teJibHHKaM) y nac
Oh no-npeJKHeMy jkhbcx zj^qci». He
still lives here.
6biBaK)T JieKi^HH no JinxepaType.
Every Monday we have lectures on nonPOBOBATb see HPOBOBATb
literature.
nonPOCflTb see HFOCflTb
nonPOmATbCH see HPOmATbCH
nOHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. nOPAi /. time
Ko r 6? H T o?/p. nonaxb, noHMly, H 3Haio ero c /^asHHX nop. I've
-emb, -yx, past noHHJi, noHHJia, known him for a long time. G xex
noHHJiIo, -H nop npomjio MHoro Jiex. Many
1. to understand. H
eac noHHJi. years have passed since then. J[o chx
/ understood you. Bu Bce noHH- nop MH HHHero ne snaeM o hcm. We
Maexe? Do you understand every- still don't know anything about him.
thing? IIoHMHxe Mena npaBHJib- nOPA^ predic. impers. it is time
Hol Don't misunderstand me. Ilopa BcxaBaxb —
y)Ke noSAHO. It's
2, to^ understand. Oh MaJio hohh- time to up: it's already late.
get
Maex B MysMKe. He does not Ilopa HflXH AOMOH. It's time to go
understand much about music. home. HaM nopa oGe^axb. It's time
nOHPABHTbCfl see HPABHTbCfl for us to have dinner.
nOHflTHE neui. notion nOPAMCEHHE neut. defeat
Gjiobo h noHHxne — pasHbie Bema. TflJKCJioe nopaHt^HHe. heavy de- A
The word and the notion are differ- feat. Iloxepnexb nopawenne b boh-
ent things. ne. To be defeated in a war. Hane-
<0> H He HMeiO nOHHTHH O TBOefi cxH nopaJKeHHe. To defeat.
pa66Te. I've no idea of your work. nOPOiniOK m., gen. -Ka powder
nOHHTHlMfl, -aH, -oe, -He, short 1. only sing, powder. SyGnoH nopo-
form noHHxen, noHHXH|a, -o, -u un- moK. Tooth,- powder.
derstandable, clear 2. powder. JlenapcxBo b noporaKax.
nOHHTHO Medicine in the form of powder.
1. adv. clear(ly). 3xo cjiobo Bam no- IIpHHHMaxb no o^HOMy nopom-
HHXHO? Is word clear to you?
this Ky
3 paaa b ji^eub. To take one
Oh roBopHJi noHHXHo. He spoke powder 3 times a day.
clearly. Mne see hohhtho. Eve- nOPT m., prepos. b nopxy & o nopxe
rything is clear to me. port
2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIoHflX- MopcKOH nopx. A
seaport. PeHHoii
HO, HXO B XaKOH Z^OTK^b OH HO npH- nopx. A
river port. PaSoxaxb b nop-
jifiT. It's clear that he won't xy. To work at the port.
come in such a rain. nOPTPET m. portrait
nOHHTb see nOHHMATb nOPTOeJIb m. brief-case
^OOB£J^ATb see OBEJ^ATb JTO-P^CCKH Russian
adv. (in)
nOOBElftATb see OBEmATb ToBopHXb no-pyccKH. To speak
 IIOP 107 HOC

Russian. Ohh neJiH 3Ty necHio no- To build new machines accord-
pyccKH. They sang this song in ing to the last word in technology.
Russian. UocjieAHHe HSBecTOH. The latest
nOP>lAIOK m., gen. -Ka news.
1. order. V
mghh b KOMHaxe Bcer- nOCJIE3ABTPA adv. the day after
fla nopHAOK. My
room is always tomorrow
in order. Jl^epjKaTb BemH b no- nOCJIOBHIliA /. proverb
pH;5Ke. To keep things in order. nOCIlS'inAlTb, -H), -emb, -lox p. ko-
IIpHBecTii Bce b nopH;i;oK. To to? H X 0?
put everything in order. Hpn- 1. to listen (for a while). Oh no-
BecTH ce6H b nopaAOK. To tidy cxoHJi, nocjiymaji neMHoro h
oneself up. ymeji. He stood and listened for
2. succession. PaccKaaaxb see no a while, then he went away.
nopaflKy. To tell, everything in 2.: nocJiymaH(xe), passe 3xo npa-
the same order as it happened. BHJibHO? Look here, is that right?
<> Bee B nopnAKe. Everything is nOCJl5^fflATbCH see CJiyiHATbCa
all right. nOCMOTPETb see CMOTPETb
nOCA^flTb see CAaCATb nOCOBETOBATb see COBETOBATb
nOCBHTflTb see HOCBHIIiATb nOCOBETOBATbCH see COBETO-
nOCBHmAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. BATbCH
q T 0? K o M y? 1 e M y? / />. hocbhI- nOCnOPHTb see CHOPHTb
THTb, -nty, -Tiinib, -tht nOCPEAfl
1. to devote. nOCBHTHTb JKH3Hb 1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjiHn;e
HayKe. To devote one's life to co6paJiacb xojina Hapo^a. Hocpe-
science. Aii cxoffji peSenoK h nJiaKaJi. A
2. to dedicate. nocBflmaxb KHnry crowd of people had gathered in
flPyry. To dedicate a book to the street. Among the crowd
one's friend. stood a child, crying.
nOCETflTb see HOCEmATb 2. prep. -{-gen. in the middle of.
nOCEmAlTb, -K), -emb, -jot imp. IlocpeaH nji6n;aAH —
KpacHBHH
Koro? mo?/ p. noce|THTb, -my, $0HxaH. In the middle of the
-THOIb, -THT square there is a beautiful foun-
1. to visit. noceni;aTb 6ojibH6ro to- tain.
BapHn5a. To visit a sick friend. Uo- nOCCOPHTbCH see CCOPHTbCH
cexiiTb Myaen. To visit a museum. nOCTABHTb see CTABHTb
2. no p. to attend. nocen;aTb JieK- nOCTAPATbCa see CTAPATbCH
nHH. To attend lectures. nOCTEJIb /. bed
nOCJIATb see HOCblJIATb BojibHOH AOJi/KGH Jiewaxb B nocxe-
nOCJIE JiH. The patient must remain in
1. adv. later. Mojkho npHHXH cea- bed. EMy neJibsa BcxaBaxb c no-
qac? — Hex, npnxoAH nocjie. cxeJiH. He is not allowed to get up.
""May I come now?" "No, come nOCTEHEHHO adv. gradually
later.'' Oh nocxeneHHO npnBUKaJi K kjih-
2.prep. -\- gen. after. IlocJie oSefla. Maxy.He gradually got accustomed
After dinner. IlocJie paSoxH. After to the climate.
work. MojKHO MHe BSHXb 9xy nOCT05lHH|bia, -aa, -oe, -He con-
KHHry nocJie nee? May I have stant; adv. nocxoHHHO constantly,
the book after her? always
nOGJl£jO[H|na, -HH, -ee, -ne last IIocxoaHHaa xeMuepaxypa. A con-
nocJiGAHHH AGHb MecHn;a, The last stant temperature. Pe6eH0K nocxoan-
day of the month. Kxo nocjieAHHH? HO 6oJieex. The child is always ill.
Who is the last? nOCTOlHTb, -ro, -nmb, -ax p.
<0» EopoTbCH Ao nocJie^HeH KanjiH 1. to stand (for a while). CnAHxe,
KpoBU. To fight to the last drop He SecnoKOHxecb, a nocxoio.
of blood. CosAaBaTb HOBue ManiH- Keep your seat, and don't worry;
Hbi no nocjieAHeMy cjiOBy TexHHKH. I'll stand. Oh nocToaji neMHoro
 I

noc 108 no3

H ymeji. He stood for a while HH3KHH noxoJiOK. A low ceiling.

and then went away. Ha noxoJiKC bhchx jiaMna. A lamp
2.: nocT6H(Te)! Wait! ishanging from the ceiling.
nOCTPflHbCH see CTPflHbCH nOTOM adv. then
nOCTPOHTb see CTPOHTL CnaHaJia mm nooSejiajiH, a noxoM
nOCXyilAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. nomjiH ryjiflxb. We first had dinner
p. nocxynHTb, nociynjiio, nociy- and then went for a walk.
namb, nocTynflx nOXOMy HXq [mxo] conj. because
1. to act. HecTHO nocTynaxb. To Oh He HHcaJi naceM, noxoMy mo
act honestly. IlJioxo nocxyniixb. 6uJi saHflx. He didn't write letters
To act badly. because he was busy.
2. K y fl a? to enter, riocxynnxb b nOXOH^Xb see XOH^Xb
HHCXHXyX, Ha HCXOpHHeCKHH $a- nOXPEBOBAXb see XPEBOBAXb
Kyjibxex. To enter an institute, nOXPOPAXb see XPOPAXb
the history department. Ilocxy- nOXHH^Xb see XHH^^Xb
nnxb Ha pa66xy. To take up work. noyjKHHAXb see YHCHHAXb
3.: HocxynHJio npefljio^Kenne. There nOXBAJiflXb see XBAJlflXb
is a proposal. ^OX0'J^ m. hike
nocxynflTb see nocxynAxb TypHcxHqecKHH noxoj. A walking-
nOCX:9'n|OK m., gen. -Ka action tour. Xo;5HXb B uoxojs,. To hike, to
HecxHHH nocxynoK. An honest ac- go on a walking-tour.
tion. CoBepmnxb repoHHecKHH no- nOX05K|Hfl[, -an, -ee, -ne, short form
cxynoK. To accomplish a feat. noxojK, -h resembling
-a, -e,
nOCXyHAXb see cxy^AXb Ha Koro oh hoxojk? Whom does he
nOCS^^A /. crockery look like? Oh hoxoh? na Moero 6paxa.
^aHHafl nocy^a. Tea-things. Mbixb He looks like my brother.
nocvay. To wash up. nOU;EJIOBAXb see IliEJIOBAXb
nOCblJlAIXb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. nOI^EJIOBAXbCH see E(EJIOBAXbCH
Koro? Hxo? KOMy? HeMy? nOHBA /. soil
or K KOMy? /p. nocjiaxb, nomji|K), nOHEM>^ adv. why
-emb, -K)x HoqeMy bh onosflaJin? Why are
1. to send. Maxb nocjiaJia pe6eHKa you late?
B MarasHH sa XJie6oM. The mother nOHEM^-XO adv. for some reason
sent her child to the shop for HoqeMy-xo oh ne npHme-i. For some
some bread. Ero nocjiaJiH Ha reason he has not come.
pa66xy b GapaxoB. He was sent nOHEXHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He honorary
to work in Saratov. Ho^exHoe aBanne. An honorary title.
2. to send. Ilocjiaxb nncbMO po;;H- noHexHHH rocxb. A guest of honour.
xejiHM. To send a letter to one's nOHHHflXb see HHHflXb
parents. nOHflCXHXb see HflCXHXb, 1
noCKlJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok parcel nOHXA /.
IIoqxoBafl nocMJiKa. A
parcel sent 1. HocHJiaxb hx6-jih6o ooh-
post.
by post. OxnpaBHXb nocHJiKy. To xoH (no no^xe). To send some-
send a parcel. IIojiyHHXb nocwJiKy thing by post.
ox pojiHxeJieH. To receive a parcel 2. post-office. PaSoxaxb na noHxe.
from one's parents. To work at a post-office. HoHxa
no-xBOEMy pa66xaex c 7 yxpa ffo 12 hohh.
1. adv. asyou wish. Bee 6yflex no- The post-office is open from
xBoeMy. Everything will be done 7 in the morning to 12 at night.
as you wish. nOHXfl adv. almost
2. paren. word in your opinion. Oh oxflHxaJi no^xii aBa Mecnna. He
IIo-xBoeMy, 3X0 npaBHJibHO? Do rested for almost two months.
you think it's right? nOH^BCXBOBAXb see HS^BCXBO-
nOXEPHXb see XEPflXb BAXb
nOXOJIlOK m., gen. -Ka ceiling norayxflxb see rayxflxb
Bhcokhh noxoJiOK. A
high ceiling. n09X m. poet
no3 109 nPE

noSTOMy adv. that is why nPAB|bIfl^, -aa, -oe, -ne right

IloineJiAOJKflb, noaxoMy ocxa- mm ITpaBaa pyKa. The right hand (arm).
jiHCb AOMa. It began raining, that's nPAB|blfi2, -aa, -oe, -He, short form
why we stayed at home. npaB, npasa, npaslo, -h
nOHBflTbCa see nOHBJIilTbCH 1. only short form right. Oh npaB
nOHBJlHlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -rox- B axoM Bonpoce. He is right in
CH imp. r 3 e? / p. noHBHXbca, hohb- this question. Bu He npaBH. You
jiiocb, noHBHmbcn, hohehxch to ap- are not right.
pear, to come out 2. only complete form right. Bo-
Ha He6e noHBHJiHCb SBesAU. Stars poxbca 3a npaBoe ^ejio. To fight
came out in the sky. for the right cause.
nOHC m., pi. -a nPAS^HHK m. holiday, festive occa-
1. belt. Iloflc najibxo. A coat belt. sion
niHpoKHH noHC. A wide belt. 3a- Hai^HOHaJibHHH npasAHHK. A nation-
cxernyxb none. To fasten the belt. al holiday. IlpaBAHHK IlepBoro
2. waist. Gxonxb b bojib no none. Man. The First of May holiday.
To stand waist-deep in water. HosApaBJiaxb c npaaAHHKOM. To
nPABAA / congratulate on a holiday.
1. truth. 3x0 npaB;^a. This is the nPASaHHHHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ne fes
truth. ToBopiixb npaB^y b rjiaaa. tive, holiday-like
To speak the truth to somebody's npasAHHqHHH ropoA- A holiday-
face. like city. npasAHHHHHH Benep. A
2. used as pred. it is true. npaB^a, festive evening-party. IIpaSAHHHHHH:
njo OH yexa.i? IIpaBna. — "/.? it KOCxioM. One's best clothes. IIpaBA-
true that he has left?" — ''Yes, HHHHoe Hacxpoenne. A
holiday mood.
it is." ^PA3J^H|0BATb, -yemb, -yrox
-yro,
«0^ Ho npaBj];e roBopa... To tell the imp. H X 0? to celebrate
truth... HpaSAHOBaxb noSe^y. To celebrate
nPABAflBlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He truthful a victory. IIpasflHOBaxb ^^Hb po)K-
npaBAHBEiH ^ejiOBeK. A truthful j^enna. To celebrate one's birthday.
man. HpaBAHBEie rjiaaa. Truthful nPAKTHKA /.
eyes. IIpaBAHBaa ncxopna. A true 1. practical work. Iloexaxb aa npaK-
story. XHKy. To go to practical work.
nPABHJIO neut. IIpoxoAHXb npaKXHKy na saBOAe.
1. rule. IIpaBHJio rpaMMaxHKH. A To do one's practical work at a
grammar rule. TpyflHoe npaBUJio. plant.
A hard rule. 2. GBaaaxb xeopnio c npaK-
practice.
2. only pi. rules. Go6jiK)Aaxb npa- XHKon. To link theory with prac-
BHJia. To observe the rules. tice.
<>KaK npasHJio. As a rule. nPAKTflqECKIHtt, -aa, -oe, -ne
nPABHJIbHIblS, -aa, -oe, -He; adv. 1. practical. HpaKXHqecKHe aana-
npaBHJibHO correct; right xna. Practical studies.
HpaBHJibHHH oxBex. correct an- A 2. practical. HpaKxaqecKHH conex.
swer. Oh npaBHJibHO pemnji 3afl;aHy. Practical advice.
He solved the problem correctly. nPAHEHHIAa -on laundry
/., gen.
IIpaBHJibHo! That's right/ GAanaxb b npaqeqayio. To
6ejibe
nPABflTEJIbCTBO neut. government send one's washing to the laundry.
nPAB|0 neut., pi. -a nPEBPATflTb see HPEBPAmATb
1. right. HaGnpaxejibHoe npaBo. 6"^/- nPEBPATflTbCH seeHPEBPAlHATb-
frage. TpaJK^aHCKHe npaBa. Civil CH
rights. ITpaBO na xpy;^. The right nPEBPAIHAITb, -10, -enib, -K)x inip.
to work. IIpaBO Ha oxahx. The K r 6? q X o? B K o r 6? b o ^ x 6?/
right to rest. IIojibaoBaxbca npa- p. npeBpa|XHXb, -my, -xnrab, -xht
BaMH. To exercise one's rights. to turn (into)
2. law. Hayqaxb npaBo. To study HpeBpaxHXb nycxwHio b ca^- To
law. turn a desert into an orchard.
nPE 110 nPE

nPEBPAipAlTbCH, -locb, -embCH, 2. K r 6? KOMy? to introduce.

-lOTCH imp. B Koro? boht 6?/ IIoBBOJibxe npejtcxaBHXb Baw to-
p. npGBpalTiiTbCH, -mycb, -xHinbCH, Bipamc* H. Let me introduce
-THTCH to turn (into) Comrade N.
Bofla npespaTHJiacb b nap. The wa- nPE^CTGlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
ter turned into vapour, used, 3rd pers. -nx, -hx imp. k o-
IlPEA^ArA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. M y? q e M y? to be ahead
KOMy? HGMy? HTO? & + HaM npe;^cxoHX HHxepecnaH noeafl-
inf. I npej^JiowHTb, npejtJioHty,
p. Ka. We are faced with an interesting
npejtJiojKHmb, npeflJiojKaT journey. Mne npe;;cxoHx noexaxb na
1. to offer. Oh npeflJioJKHJi naM ceBep. / am to go to the north.
KO^e. He offered us coffee. HPEAynPEAflTb see HPEAynPE-
2. to suggest. Oh npeTtJiojKHJi hoh- HCaATb
TH B KHHO. He suggested that we
should go to the cinema.
nPE^ynPEHCAAlTb, -lo, -emb. -k)t
nPEaJlOHCEHHEi neut. imp. Koro? hxo? o ne m?/
p. npe;tynpelAHXb, -my, -AHmb, -aht
1. proposal, suggestion. Bhccth
1. t^ warn. npeAynpe;i;HXb ^ejioae-
npe^JiojKeHHe Ha coopaHHH. To
Ka o6 onacHocxH. To warn a per-
make a proposal at a meeting.
son of danger. IlpeflynpeAHXb ox-
BocnojibBOBaxbCH npeflJiojKeHneM.
paA npH6jiH?KeHHH epara. Ta
To a
avail oneself of suggestion.
warn a detachment of the ap-
ITojiesHoe npeaJiojKeHne. use- A proach of the enemy.
ful suggestion.
2. to prevent. ripej^ynpewAaxb 6o-
2. proposal. CAeJiaib npeajioweHHe
jiesHb. To prevent a disease.
jik)6hmoh flGByniKe, To propose
to the girl one lovec.
1. adv. before, first of all. Uipemji,&
nPE^^JIOaCEHHE^ neut. sentence;
MH Bcxpe^aJiHCb nacxo. used We
often to meet before. Upemj\e
nPEAjioHCfiTB see HPEAJlArATB Bcero, cKa>KHxe rjiasHoe. First
nPE^MET m.
of all, tell me the main thing.
1. object. TH>KeJibiH npeflMex. A 2. conj. before. ITpcjKae qcM roBO-
heavy object.
pnxb, nOAyMan. Think before you
2. subject. H HsynaJi axn npeflMexu
speak.
B niKOJie. / studied these subjects
nPEH{H{Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne former
at school.
DPE^^IIPHHTHE neut. enterprise
B nprnnee BpeMH. In former times;
in the old days. npe>KHHH nanaJib-
Pa66xaxb na npe^npHHXHH. To work
HHK. The former chief.
at an enterprise.CoBpeMeHHoe npefl-
npHflxne. A modern enterprise. nPEKPACHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short
nPEACE^ATEJIb m. chairman form npeKpacen, npeKpacHja, -o,.

^pe;^ceflaxeJIb co6paHHH. The chair- -h; adv. npcKpacHO

man 1. beautiful. Ona 6Mjia npeKpacna.
at a meeting. EpeflceflaxeJib
KOJixoaa. A collective-farm chairman. She was beautiful.
nPEflCTABflTEJIb m. representative 2. fine, wonderful, beautiful. Ilpe-

ripeflcxaBHxeJifi Hapojia. Representa- KpacnaH noro^a. Fine weather.

tives of the people. IIpeACxaBHxejiH IIpeKpacHHH cneKxaKJib. won- A
3aB6;ia. Representatives from a derful performance. Oh HpeKpacHO
plant. xannyex. He dances beautifully.
nPEnCTABHTb see nPE^CTAB- 3. used as particle very good, fine.
JlflTb IIpeKpacHO, H saBxpa npHAy.
nPE^CTABJlUlTb, -emb, -lox
-K), Very good, I'll come tomorrow.
imp. I p. npeflcxalBHXb, -bjik), -BHmb, <> B OfliH npcKpacHbiii A^Hb. One
-BHX fine day.
1. H X 0? to imagine. IIpejtcxaBJiHXb nPEKPATflTb see nPEKPAmATb
ce6e KapxHHy 6yAyntero. To nPEKPATflTbCHsee nPEKPAIIlATb-
imagine the future. Cfl
 C

nPE 111 nPH

nPEKPAmAlTb, -emb, -k)t imp.

-K), 4. on, with. PlMCxb hx6-jih6o npn
g T 0? & 4" npeKpaJTHTb,
^^f- I P- ce6e. To have something with one.
-my, -THinb, -THT to stop 5. in. npn csexe Jiynw. In the moon-
IIpeKpaTHTb paarOBop. To drop a light.
conversation. IIpeKpaTHTe paaroBa- nPHBJlHHCAlTbCH, -locb, -erabcn,
pHBaTb! Stop talking! -lOxcH imp. K KOMy? k neM y?/
nPEKPAmAjTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. p. npH6jiH|3HXbCH, -5Kycb, -amnbCH,
not used, 3rd pers. -btch, -iotch imp./ -3flXCfl
p. npeKpaT|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 1. to approach, noea;^ npnSjiHmaex-
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to stop CH K ropoay. The train is ap-
He npeKpamaJiCH. The rain
J^OJKflb proaching the town. fig. HpnGJiH-\

didn't stop. Bexep npeKpaxH.ncH. BHXbcH K i^eJiH. To get nearer to

The wind has abated. one*s aim.
nPEMHH /. bonus 2. fig. no p. to draw nearer. npnSJiH-
HoJiy^HTb npeMHK). To get a bonus. HtaexcH npasAHHK. The holiday
nPEO;i,OJIEBAlTb, -K), -erab, -iot is drawing near.
imp. ^ T o?/p. npeoflOJie|Tb, -lo, nPHBJiBSHTbCH see HPHEJIH-
-erab, -K)T toovercome HCATbCH
HpeoAOJieBaxb npenHxcTBHH. To nPHBOP m.

I overcome obstacles.
TaJiocTb. To overcome fatigue. Ilpe-
EpeoflOJieTb yc- 1. device, instrument. To^HHe
npH66pbT. Precision instruments.
OflOJieTb CTpax, To overcome fear. 2. set. 06eAeHHHH npnSop. Cover.

nPEOJ^OJIETb nPEO^OJIEBATb
see BpnxBeHHHH npH66p. Shaving
nPEnO^ABATEJlb m. teacher requisites.
OnHTHHH npenoflaBaTejib. An ex- nPHBblBAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
perienced teacher. npeno^aBaTejib Kyaa? / p. npnSHXb, npnSyAly,
pyccKoro H3HKa. A Russian teacher. -enib, -yx, past npn6Hji, npH6HJia,
nPEHHTCTBHE neut. obstacle npH6Hji|o, -H to arrive
CepbeaHoe npenHTCTBne. A serious FjiaBa npaBHxejibcxBa npH6biJi c bh-
obstacle. BcTpexHXb npennxcxBHe 3HX0M B coceAHiOK) cxpaHy. The
sa nyxH. To meet with an obstacle. head of the government arrived in
ripeoflojiexb Bce npenHxcxBHH. To the neighbouring country on a visit.
overcome all obstacles. CaMOJiex npnSHJi xohho. The plane
nPECXynjIEHHE neut. crime has arrived on time.
CoBepmHXb npecxynji^HHe. To com.' nPHBb'ITb see HPHEblBATb
mit a crime. nPHBECTfl see DPHBOJ^flTb
nPECXynHHK m. criminal nPHBET m. regards
OnacHHH npecxynHHK. A dangerous FopflHHH npHBex. Warmest regards.
criminal. ApecxoBaxb npecxynnHKa. Hepeaaxb npHBex flpyry. To send
To arrest a criminal. a friend one's regards.

nPH prep. -\- prepos. nPHBETCTB|OBATb, -yio, -yerab.

1. in one's presence. He roBopnxe -yiox imp. koto? h x o? to wel-
xaK npn mhc. Don't speak so in come
my presence. Bce npHBexcxBOBaJiH bhcokofo ro-
2. under. Jlpn Xlexpe I. Under cxfl. Everyone welcomed the guest
Peter I. of honour. HpHBexcxBOBaxb pemenHe
3. at. IIpH xeMnepaxype e 100 rp^ay- npaBHxejibcxBa. To welcome the de-
coB U^ejibCHH BOfla npespamaexcH cision of the government.
B nap. At a temperature of 100" ^PB[BOJ^B[Tb, npHBowy, upuBOjxmmh,
water turns into vapour. IIpH cepb- npHBO^Hx imp. k o r o? h x o?/
eanoM oxHoraenHH k flejiy bh ;^o- p. npHBecxH, npHBe;iIy, -erab, -yx,
Sbexecb 6ojibraHx ycnexoB. // you past npHBCwi, npHBeJi|a, -6, -u
adopt a serious attitude towards 1. to bring. npHBecxH pe6eHKa b
what you do, you'll make great fl;excKHH ca^. To bring a child
progress. to the kindergarten.
nPH 112 nPH

2. to lead, /^opora npHseJia b jiec. nPHA^MblBAIXb, -K), -emb, -rox

The road led to the forest. imp. H X o? / p. ^pH;^y^^a|xb, -lo,
3. fig. to lead. 3to npHBeJio k to- -emb, -lox to make up, to think of,
My, HTO... This led to... to invent
4.to quote, to cite. IIpHBOAHTb npH- HpHAyMaxb npeAJioJKeHHe. To make
MepM. To quote examples. IIpHBec- up a sentence. IIpH^yMaxb hcto-
TH qHTaxy. To cite a quotation. pHK). To invent a story. IIpHjtyMaHxe
nPHBMKAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. HT6-HH5yflbl Think of something!
K KOMy? K HOMy? &~}-inf./p. nPHESaCAlXb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp.
npHBUKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past KyAa?/p. npnexaxb, npn^Aly.
npHBMK, -Jia, -JIO, -JIH -erab, -yx to come
1. to get IIpHBUKaxb
accustomed. Ilpnexaxb b qyjKOH ropo^. To come
K HOBOMy KJlHMaxy. To get accus- to a strange city. IlpHexaxb k po-
tomed to a new climate. IIpHBbi- aiixenHM. To come to one's parents.
Kaxb K HOBbiM xoBapnmaM. To Jlpnexaxb na xpaMBae. To come by
get accustomed to new friends. tram.
2. to get into the habit (of). IIpH- nPHEXAXb see HPHESaCAXb
BUKuyxb Kypnxb. To get into nPH3qAlBAXb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
the habit of smoking. Koro? qxo? / p. npH3Ha|xb, -lo,
nPHBb'IKHyXb see HPHBLIKATb -erab, -lox
nPHBb'IHIKA gen. pi. -en habit
/., to recognise. npHsnaBaxb noBoe
1.

XopotnaH npHBMqKa. A
good habit. npaBHxeJibcxBO. To recognise a
Bpejieafl npHBUHKa. A dangerous new government.
habit. 2. to admit, npnanaxb cbok oraH6-
nPHrJIACflXb see nPHrJlAIHATb KH. To admit one's mistakes.
nPHrjIAHIAlTb, -K), -eoib, -lox imp. nPH3HAlBAXbCH, -locb, -erabcn,
Koro? qxo?&4- i^f- 1 P- npHFJial- -loxcfl imp. KOMy? qeMy? b
CHXb, -ray, -Climb, -cax to invite ^eM.?/p. npH3Ha|xbCfl, -locb, -erab-
npnrjiacHXb ^eBymKy b xeaxp. To Cfl, -lOXCfl
invite a girl to the theatre. IIpH- 1. to declare. npHsnaxbCH AeByraKe
rjiamaxb b rocxH. To invite some- B jhoSbw. To declare one's love to
body to one's house. Oh npHrjiaciiJi a girl.
AeByraKy xanneBaxb. He asked the 2. to admit. npnaHaxbCH b cbohx
girl to dance with him, oranSKax. To admit one's mis-
nPHrjIAIHEHHE neut. invitation
riojiyHHXb npHrJiaraeHHe Ha Benep. nPH3HAXb see nPH3HABAXb
To get an invitation for an evening- nPH3HAXbCH see nPH3HABAXbCH
party. npHHHXb npHrnamenne no- nPHflXfl see HPflXOAflXb
cexHXb cxpaHy. To accept the invi- nPHflXflCb see nPHXOAflXbCH
tation to visit a country. nPHKA3 m. order
GxporHH npHKaa. A strict order. Bm-
nPHPOBOP m. sentence
noJiHHXb npHKaa KOMaH^iipa. To
GnpaBeAJiHBUH npnroBop. A just carry out the commander's order.
sentence. BbiHOCiixb npnroBop. To
Ox^axb npHKaa coJi^axaM. To give
pass sentence. IIpHBOZiHXb npnro-
an order to the soldiers.
BOp B HcnojiHeHHe. To execute] a nPHKA3AXb see nPHKA3bIBAXb
sentence.
nPHKA3bIBA|Xb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
nPHPOmftTbCa, -mych, -flHmbCH, KOMy? qeMy?-|- inf. / p. npHKa-
-AfixcH p. KOMy? q e M y? to prove aaxb, npHKajKy, npHKaHcerab, npn-
useful KajKyx to order
Mne npnroAHJiCH xboh cobcx. Your HpHKasaxb BOHCKaM naqaxb na-
advice proved useful to me. cxynJiGHHe. To order the troops to
nPHPOXOBHTb see TOTOBHTb, 1 commence an offensive.
nPHrOXOBHTbCa see rOXOBHTb- nPHMfiP m.
CH 1. example. Bbixb npHMepoM fljia
nPHA^MAXb see HPHAS^MblBAXb ;^py^HX. To set an example for
nPH 113 nPH

others. GJieAOBarb npHMepy Spaxa. He was present when this conversa-

To follow one's brother's example. tion took place.
2.example. IIpHBecTH npHMep. To nPHCblJlAITb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
quote an example. Koro? Hxo? Kouy?
p. npH|- /
nPHHAAJIEaCjATb, -y, -wmb, -ax cJiaxb, -mjiK), -mjiemb, -mjiiox
imp. K M y? H e M y? to belong 1. qxo? KOMy?
to send. IIpHCHi-
SeMJifl npHHaaJie>Kiix napoAy. The jraxb niicbMa Maxepn. To send
land belongs to the people. letters to one's mother. IIpHCJiaxb
nPHHECTfl see HPHHOCflTb HHCbMo no no^xe. To send a
nPHHHMAiTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. letter by post.
K r 6? H X o?//>. npHHfixb, npHMy, 2. Ko r 6? 3 a h e m? to send. IIpH-
npHMemb, npimyx, past npHHflji, cjiaxb 6paxa 3a KnnroH. To send
npHHfljia, npimfljijo, -h one's brother for a book.
1. to receive. IIpHHHMaxb rocxen. nPHX03flTb, npHxojKy, npnxoAHmb,
To
receive guests. npnxoAHx imp. I p. npnaxja, npHAly,
2. to take. JIpimnMaxb JienapcxBO. -emb, -yx, past npnmeji, npHmji|a,
To take medicine. -6, -H
3. to take. IIpHHflxb pemenne. To 1. to come. ITpHHXH aomoh. To
take a decision. come home. ITpHXOAHXb na JieK-
4. to adopt. HpmiHXb hoblih 3a- niHK). To come to a lecture. IIpH-
KOH. To adopt a new law. IIpii- xoAHXb K 6oJibH6My xoBapHiny.
Hflxb pe3oJiK)ii;Hio. To adopt a To come and see a sick friend.
resolution. npHHXH B rocxH. To come on a
5. to accept. IIpHHHMaxb npejiJio- visit.
meHHe. To accept an offer. Hpn- 2. to set in. HpHmjia Becna. Spring
npHrJiameHHe. To accept
Hfixb has set in.
an invitation. 3. to come. IIpHnxH k BMBOAy (pe-
6. to admit. Moero CHua npiiHHJiH meHHK)). To come to a conclusion
B HHCXHxyx. My son has been (a decidon). ITpHHxii k corJia-
admitted to the institute. meHHK). To come to an agree-
7.: ripHHfixb yqacxne (b hcm-jihSo). ment.
To take part (in something). 4.:npHHXH B Bocxopr. To be enrap-
nPHHOCflTb, npHHomy, npHHocnrnb, tured.
npuHocHX imp. k o r 6? q x o?/ <> Mne B rojioey npumjia Mbicjib.
p. npHHec|xji, -y, -emb, -yx, past An idea occurred to me. IlpHHTH
npHHec, npnHecji|a, -6, -it B ce6a. To come to one's senses.
1. to bring. IIpHHecxii leMOAan. To IIpmlTH B cosHaHiie. To regain
bring a suit-case. consciousness.
2. IIpHHOciixb noJibsy (Bpe^). To
:

prove useful (harmful).

nPHXOAflTbCH impers. npHXOAHxcH
imp. KOMy? npHHXHCb, npn-
/ p.
nPflHUinn m. principle aSxch, past npnmJiocb to have (to)
MMexb xsepALie npHHn;HnH. To have
Mne npHAGxcH BaM Bce paccKaaaxb.
firm principles. OcHOBHbie npimn;H-
nw HccjieAOBaHHH. The basic princi- I'll have to tell you everything. HaM
npnmjiocb npoHHxaxb SoJibmoH Ma-
ples of investigation.
xepwaji. We had to read much ma-
nPHHflTb see niHlIHMATb terial.
nPHPOAA /. natm-e
BoraiaH npnpoAa. Rich plant and nPHHECATbCH see HPHHECbl-
animal life. Hayqaxb npHpoAY- To BATbCH
study nature. nPH^ECblBAlTbCH, -rocb, -embcn,
nPMCriATb see nPHCblJIATb -HDxcfl neM?/p. npaqecaxbCH,
imp.
nPHCS^TCTBIOBATb, -yio. -yemb, npnqemycb, npHqemembCH, npn-
-yiox imp. r a e? to be present ^emyxcH to comb one's hair
IIpHcyxcxBOBaxb na coSpaHHii. To IIPHHflHA /. cause, reason
be present at a meeting. Oh npn- CMeHXbCfl 6e3 npHHHHLi. To laugh
cyxcxBOBaJi npn axoM pasroBope. without any reason.

8—4002
nPH 114 npo

nPHHTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short 6. to spend. IIpoBecxH KaHHKyjiH

form npHHTGH, npHHTH|a, -o, -h; B flep^BHB. To spend one's holi-
adv. npHHTHO pleasant, nice days in the country.
npHHTHtiH qeJiOBBK. A nice person. nP0B0aflTb2 see nPOBOMCAXb
IIpMflTHUH neeT. A nice colour. IIPOBO>KA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
IIpHHTHaH HOBOCTb. Pleasant news. K r 6? / p. npoBOfliixb, npoBOHcy,
\predic. impers. Mne 61JJ10 npHHTHO npOBOAHnib, UpOBOAHX
CJij'raaTb ero. It was pleasant to 1. to see (somebody home). Oh
me to listen to him. npoBOfliiJi fleB5nnKy ^omoh. He
U.VO prep. -^ ace, colloq. about saw the girl home.
FaccKajKH npo Tell about
ce6fl. 2. to see off. IIpoBomaxb flpyra Ha
yourself. Oh paccKaaaJi naM CKasKy BOKaaJi. To see one's friend to
npo BoJiKa. He told us a tale about the railway station. Bqepa mh
a wolf. npoBOwaJiH npo$coK)3HyK) ^ejie-
*> HnxaTb npo ccSh. To read to rannio. Yesterday we saw off a
oneself. trade-union delegation.
nP0B|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT nporpAMMA /.
imp. q T o? or inf. +
/p. no- 1. programme. IIporpaMMa bA nHXb
np66|0BaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox Jiex. A five-year programme.
1. to try. rionp66oBaTb peniHTb IIporpaMMa napxHH. A party
aaflaqy. To try to solve the prob- programme.
lem. 2. programme. IIporpaMMa Konn^p-
2. to taste. IIonpoCoBaTb cyn. To xa. The programme of the con-
taste the soup. cert. TeaxpajibHaH nporpaMMa.
3.: Oh nonp66oBaJi cboh chjiu b A theatre programme.
4>yT66Jie. He tried his skill at 3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no Maxe-
football. MaxHKe. A syllabus in mathemat-
nPOBfil*ItTb see nPOBEPHTb ics.
nPOBEPHlTb, -emb, -k)t imp.
-K), IIFOAA|B^Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
H T 0? / p. npOBeplHTb, -K), -HUIb, Hxo? Koro? KOM y?//). npoAaxb,
-HT to check, to try njpoflaM, npoAamb, npoflacx, npofla-
EpoBepHTb ynpajKHCHHe. To check flHM, npoAaAHxe, npoAaflyx, past
an exercise. DpoBepHTb onbiT. To npoAaJi, npoAajia, npoAajijo, -h to
check an experiment. sell
nPOBECTfl see nPOBOAflTbi Ha pwHKe npoAaiox (|)pyKXH h obo-
DPOBOAflTbi, npoBOH^y, npoBOAnnib, mn. They sell fruit and vegetables
npoBOAHT imp. /p. npoBecTii, npo- at the market.
Beflly, -emb, -yx, past nposeji, npo- nPO^ABllim m., gen. -na shop-assis-
Bejila, -6, -A tant, salesman
1. Koro? H X 0? KyA^? to lead. PaSoxaxb npoflaBuoM. To work as
Oh npoBCJi rocxH b KOMHaxy. a shop-assistant (salesman).
He led the guest into the room. nPOAATb see nPOMB^Tb
IIpoBecxH napoxoA no KanaJiy. nPOAOJlHCAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
To navigate a ship through a Hxo? & -f inf. to continue
canal. IIpoAOJijKaxb pasroBop. To continue
2. to run over. IIpoBecxH pyKon no the conversation. IIpoAOJiHtaxb nexb.
BOJiocaM. To run one's hand over To continue singing.
one's hair. nPOAOJlHCAlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers.
3. to draw. IIpoBecxH jihhhk). To not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch
draw a line. imp. to last
4. to put. IIpoBecxH KaH^Ji b ny- CoSpanne npo^ojiHtaJiocb ao B^ne-
cxMHe. To cut a canal through pa. The meeting lasted till the
the desert. IIpoBecxH paflHO, raa. evening.
To put radio, gas (in the house). IIP0J^0J13KEHIIE neut. continuation
5.: IIpoBecxH aKCKypcHio. To con- IIpoAOJiweHHe pa3roB6pa. The con-
duct an excursion. tinuation of a conversation. IIpoAOJi-
npo 115 npo

weHHe poMana. The continuation of 2. fig. to make. IIpoHSBecTH rjiy66-

a novel. Koe BnenaTJieHHe. To make a
^ IIpoflOjiHceHne cjieffyer. To be profound impression.
continued. nPOH3B0ACTBO neut.
nPOAS^KTbl provisions
pi. 1.output. npOHSBOflCTBO CXaJIH.
npoAVKTM nHTaHHH. Food-stuffs. Steel output.
MojioHHtie npoAyKTH. Dairy prod- 2. production. OpyAHH npoH3B6A-
ucts. IIoKynaTb npoAVKTH b Mara- CTBa. Implements of production.
3HHe. To buy provisions at a shop. nP0H3H0meHIlE neut. pronuncia-
nPOE35KA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t imp. tion
HT0?MHM0 ^ e T 6? / p. upoexaxb, IIpaBHJibHoe npoH3HomeHHe. The
npoeAly, -emb, -yT correct pronunciation.
1. to drive past. IlpoeaHtaTb ropoA- nPOHSOHTfl see HPOHCXOAflTb
To drive past a town. Ilpoea- nPOHCXO^flTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
jKaxb MHMO ;;6Ma. To drive past used, 3rd pers. npoHCXOAHT, npo-
a house. HCXOAHT imp. I p. npOH30HTH, 1st &
2. to cover (a distance). IIpoexaTb 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo-
CTO KHJiOMeipoB. To covcr 100 H30HAleT, -yT, past nponsomeji,
kilometres. B ;;eHb mm npoea- npoHsomJija, -6, -h to happen
?KaJiH 50 KM. We covered 50 kilo- Co MHOH npoHsomeji HHTepecHHH
metres a day. cjiyqan. An interesting thing hap-
3. to miss.H ne snaji, r^e nyHCHO pened to me. Hto 3Aecb nponcxo-
BuxoAHTb, H npoexaji ocTanoBKy. AHT? WhaVs happening here? 3Toro
/ didn't know where to get off 6w He npoH3omji6, ecjin 6u bh 6ti-
and missed my stop, fl nacTO jiH ocTopoJKHH c omeM. This would
npoesH^aK) cbok) ociaeoBKy. / not happened had you been careful
often miss stop. my with fire.
nPO£XATb see HPOESaCATb nPOflTfl see nPOXOAflTb
nP0|3KE[Tb, ->KHBy, -JKHBCmb, -JKHByT, nPOMb'IfflJIEHHOCTb /. industry
past npoTKHJi, npoH^HJia, np6JKHJi|o, TflHtejian npoMumJicHHOCTb. The
-H p. to live heavy industry. JlerKan npoMijm-
Oh upomnji 75 jict. He lived 75 jiCHHOCTb. The light industry. Paa-
years. H npoHtHJi b 3T0m ropo^e BHBaxb npOMumJiCHHOCTb. To devel-
10 Jiei. / lived 10 years in that op industry.
town. nPOMKimJlEHHIbin, -an, -oe, -He
nP03PAHH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -ue trans- industrial
parent IIpoMHmjieHHHH ropoA- An indus-
nPOnrPATb see nPOflrPblBATb trial town. IIpoMHmJieHHHH n;eHTp,
nPOflrPblBAITb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. paHOH. An industrial centre, region
HTO? KOMy? hcm y?/p. nponr- nPOIIAAAITb, -emb, -k>t imp./p,
-K),
pa|Tb, -emb, -iot to lose (a
-K), nponacTb, nponaAly, -emb, -yx,
game, be defeated
etc.), to past oponaji, -a, -o, -h
Hama KOManfla nponrpajia. Our 1. to be lost, y
MCHH nponaji hocoboh
team lost. XIpoHrpaxb Bonny. To be nJiaxoK. / lost my handkerchief.
defeated in the war. 2. to disappear. Oh ymeji BHcpa
nP0H3BEA£HHE neut. work BeqepoM h nponaJi. He went
npoH3BeAeHHe HCKyccTsa. A work away yesterday evening and dis-
of art. IIpoHSBeAeHHfl IlymKHHa. appeared.
The works of Pushkin. 3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio
nP0H3BECTfl see nP0H3B0Ji;flTb apH. The time has been wasted.
^P0H3B0/^flTb, npoHSBOJKV, npona- <> Bee nponajio! All is lost/ fl
Boflnmb, npoHSBOAHT imp. q t o?/ nponSji. / am a lost man/
p. npoH3BecTM, npoH3BeA|y, -emb, nPOnACTb see nPOHAAATb
-yi,past nponsBCJi, npoH3BeJi|a,-6, -ri nPOnyCKA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -H)x imp.
1. to produce. IlpoHSBOAHTb cxan- K r 6? nponycxHxb, npo-
H X 0? / p.
KH. To produce machine-tools. ^y^^y, nponycxnmb, nponycxHT
8*
npo 116 nPO

1. to let through, rpfiaaoe CTeKJi6 easily. Oh cnJibHO npocxyAUJicfl.

nJioxo nponycKaex cbct. dirty A He caught a bad cold.
glass lets the light through badly. nPOCTblHH /., pi npocxHHH, npo-
2. to let go before. IlponycKaTb cxMHb, npocxMHHM, etc. bedshect
flCBymKy B^]epe;^. To let a girl nPOCbinA|TbCH, -locb, -embcfl, -iot-
go before one. CH imp. I p. npocHlyxbCH, -ycb,
3. to omit. nponycTiiTb cjiobo b -embCH, -yxcH to awake
flHKxaHTe. To omit a word in IlpocHyxbCH paHO yxpoM. To awake
the dictation. early in the morning.
4. to miss. IIponycKaTb jicki^hh. nPOCbBA /. request
To mis'i lectures. OGpaxfixbCH c upocbSoH. To make
nponycTflTb see nponycKATb a request. BbinojiHHXb npdcbSy. To
nPOCflTb, npomy, npocHint, npocHT comply with one's request. V MeHH
imp. Koro? qxo? o HeM?& K BaM 6oJibmaH npocbSa. / have a
+ p. inf. I p. nonpocHTb, nonpo- great favour to ask of you.
ray, iionpocHinb, nonpocflx to ask nPOTHB prep. -\- gen.
npociiTb TOBapwma o noMomn. opposite. Gxoaxb npoxne oKHa.
1.

To ask one's friend for help. IIo- To stand opposite the window.
npocHTb hobuh jKypaaji y Apyra. 2. fgainst. BopoxtcH npoxHB Bpa-
To ask a friend for a new maga- ra. To fight against the enemy.
zine. Oh npociiJi nac npotiiiTaxb 3. agaiust, in the opposite direc-
paccKaa eme pas. He asked us to tion. MztxH npoxHB Berpa. To
read the story once more. no- Mu go against the wind.
npocMJiH, ^ixoobi OH HOiHeji c heImh. nPOXJIAJ^Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short
We asked him to go with us. form npoxjia;i;eH, npoxjiaAH|a, -o,
nPOCHyXbCH see nPOCbinATbCfl -si; adv. npoxjiaAHO cool
nPOCnf:KT m. avenue ripoxjiaAHMH Be4ep. A cool evening.
nPOCTflTb see HPOm VTb \predic. impers. CeroAHH na
nPOCTflTbCa see HPOmATbCH yjiHHe npoxjia^Ho. It is cool outside
nPOCT|Ofl, -aa, -6e, -we, short form today.
npocx, npocxa, npocxjo, -h; adv. nPOXO/^flTb, npoxojKy, npox6ziHnib,
npocxo; comp. npome npoxoAHx imp. / p. npoHxw, npoH-
1. simple, npocxoii npnCop. A flly, -emb, -yx, past npomeji, opo-
simple device, npocxaa aa^aia. mJi|a, -6, -H
A simple problem. 3x0 o'lenb 1. to move. IIpoHXH BoepcA. To
npocxo c;j.eJiaxb. It is very sim- move to the IIpoHxif no
front.
ple to do. yjiHn;e. To go along the street.
2. ordinary. IIpocxoH nejioBeK. An 2. to go through. IlpoHxn qepea
ordinary man. Jiec.To go through the forest.
3. npocxo particle simply, merely. H Jlyqn coJiHua ne woryx npoHXH
cKaaaji axo npocxo xan. / said this CKB03b rycxyio JiHCXsy. The sun*s
for no special reason. 3xo npcS- rays cannot penetrate the think
cxo nexopomo. It is simply ru)t foliage. Paapemnxe npoiixH. Will
nice. you let me pass, please?
UPOCTPAHCTBO neut.^ space 3. to go past. Ilpoxoflwxb mhmo
npocx pa HCXBo H BpeMH. Space and 3AaHHH. To go past a building.
time. Be.iB03AyniHoe npocxpancxBO. 4. to cover. IlpoHXH aa aenb CoJiee
A vacuum. 20 KHJioMexpoB. To cover over 20
nPOCTYAftTbCH see HPOCTS^JKH- kilometres a day.
BATbCa 5. to be over. 3HMa nponiJi^. The
nPOCTS'JKHBAITbCH, -locb, -embCH, winter is over. IlpomJio xpn Ha-
-lOXCH imp. I p. npocxyjxHXbCH, ca. Three hours went by.
npocxyjK^'cb, npocxyj^HmbCfl, npo- 6. to cease. FojioBHaa 6ojib nporajia.
cxy;^HXCfl to catch cold The headache has ceased. J^o-m^h
OceHbK) JiexKo mowho npocxyAwxb- npomeji 6ucxpo. It soon stopped
CH. In autumn people catch colds raining.
 f

npo 117 nyc

7. to study. IIpoxofliiTb Kypc $h- 2. to develop. IlpOHBHXb njienKy.

3HKH. To study a course of phys- To develop a film.
ics.Ilpoxoj^wTL Kypc jieqeHHH. nPI>irA|Tb, -K), -euib, -lox imp./
To undergo treatment. p. npHrulyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to jump
nPOHHTATb see HHTATb HpHrnyxb ^epea cxyji. To jump
nPOHHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He, short form over a chair. Ilpbiraxb c 6epera b
npoHGH, npoHHa, npoHHJo, -h; adv. BOfly. To jump from the shore into
npoHHO the water. Ilpbiraxb b fl;jiHHy. To
1. durable. IIpohhhh MaxepHaJi. A do a long jump. IlpHraxb b bhco-
durable material. xy. To do a high jump. HpHraxb
2. fig. strong, lasting. IIpoHHtiH c napauiioxoM. To parachute.
MHp. A
lasting peace. Hama npb'irHyxb see npi;irATb
^pVHtCa npoqna. Our friendship nPiIM|OH, -afl, -oe, -ne, short form
is strong. npHM, npHMa, npHMJo, -h; adv.
nPOfflJIIblfl, -an, -oe, -He last npHMO
B nporiiJiOM ro^y. Last year. Ha 1. straight. IIpflMaa jihhhh. A
npouiJiOH nej^eJie. Last week. straight line. HpflMaH flopora.
nPOniAlTb, -10, -einb, -lox imp. ko- A straight road. M^Hxe Bce BpeMfl
to? H T 0? / p. npolcTHTb, -my, npjiMO. Go straight on all the time.
-CTlimb, -CTflT 2. only complete form through.
1. to forgive. IIpocTHTb ^ejioBGKa. ripHMoe cooSiueHHe Me?KAy ropo-
To forgive a person. Jlpomaxb ;i,aMH. A through service between
ouipiSkh. To forgive one's mis- towns.
takes. IlpocTHTeMena! Excuse me! 3. fig. frank.IIpHMOH oxBex. frank A
2. sorry. HpocTiiTe, bh ue sHaexe, answer. IlpflMOH xapaKxep. A
^;^e HBanoB? Sorry, do you know sincere character. GKaaaxb npaB-
where Ivanov is? ITpocTHTe, bh ^y npHMO B JiHi;6. To speak the
He CKajKexe, KaK npoexaxb b truth to one's face.
CoKOJibHHKH? Excusc me, can nP>l|TATb, -nyx imp.
-qy, -nenib,
you tell me how to get to So- K o r 6? q X 0? ox koto?
o x ^ e-
kolniki? t6?/p. cnpajxaxb, -ny, -nemb, -nyr
nPOmA.|TbCfl, -locb, -embCH, -loxca to hide
imp. c KeM? c neu? / p. npo|- ripfixaxb cnHHKH ox peSeuKa. To
cxHXbcfl, -m;ycb, -cxHuibca, -cxhxch, hide the matches from the child.
or Donpon;a|xbCfl, -locb, -embca, IIPH|TATbCH, -Hycb, -genibca, -nyxcH
-lOXCH imp. ox Koro? ox ner 6?/
1. to take leave. IIonpomaxbCH c poA- p. cnpH|xaxbCfl, -nycb, -qeuibca,.
HHMH nepe/t oxtesAOM. To say -nyxca to hide
good-bye to one's relatives before Ilpflxaxbcfl ox BparoB b Jiecy. To-
one's departure. hide from the enemies in the woods.
2. fig.: npocxnxbCH c Me^xoH. To nXflUiA /. bird
give up one's dream. nxHUH JiexeJiH K lory. The birds
^ npoii(au(Te)! Good-bye were flying to the south.
HPOflBftTb see HPOflBJlHTb <> J^OManiHflH nxHua. (no pi.}
nPOflBJlH|Tb, -K), -euib, -K)x imp. Poultry.
H T 0? / />. npoHBHXb, npoHBJiio, npo- n^^rOBHIXA /. button
HBHinb, npOHBflX Sacxernyxb najibxo na Bce nyro-
1. to display. IIpoHBHXb HHxepec BHiiH. To button up one's coat.
K xeMe. To display an interest nyCKA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
in a subject. IlpoflBHXb BHHMa- p. nyCxHXb, nymy, nycxnmb, nyc-
HHe K ycnexaM jipyra. To show xax
interest in one's friend's success. 1. to let go. H HHKyaa xe6a He
IlpoflBHXb 3a66xy. To show so- nymyl — CKaaaJia
Maxb. "/ won't
licitude. IlpOHBHXb CMGJIOCXb, let you go anywhere!" said the
repoH3M. To display courage, mother. Maxb ne nycKaJia ero
heroism. ryjiaxb. The mother would not
nyc 118 PAB

let him go for a walk. Hx nyc- ^ Bbi cTOHxe Ha BepHOH nyr^.

THJiH B flOM. They were let into You are on the right track. H^T^
the house. no BepnoMy nyxH. To go along
2. to put into operation. IlycTHTb the right road. CqacxjiHBoro ny-
ajieKTpocTaHi;HK). To put an th! a happy journey/ Oh samcji
electric power station into ope- KG MHe no nyxH. He dropped
ration. EycTHTb noea;^. To start in at my place on the way. Ho
a train service. nyxH AOMou n KynHJi raaexy.
<> ElycTHTb KopHH. To take root. On my way home I bought a
IlycTHTb B xoA. To set in motion. newspaper. Ha o()paxHOM nyxH.
HycKfixb nbijib b rjiaaa. To show On one's back.way
nUJlb /., prepos. b hlijih dust
nyCTflTb see nYCKAXb CxHpaxb HMJib. To dust.
nyCT|Ofl, -an, -6e, -bie, short form nb£CA /. play
nycT, nycTa, nycxlo, -u; adv. nycTO 3xa Hbeca hacx b xedxpe MaHK6B-
1. empty. IlycTOH cxaKan. An CKoro. This play is on at the Maya-
empty glass. 3aJi 6hji nycT. The kovsky Theatre. 3xy nbecy no-
hall was empty. Ha yjiaqe 6hjio cxaBHJi OxJiOHKOB. This play was
nycTO. The street was deserted. stafed by Okhlopkov. IlbecH H6ce-
2. fig. shallow. IlycTOH qejioeeK. na. Plays by Ibsen.
A shallow person. IlycTOH cnop. nbUnibin, -an, -oe, -He
A pointless argument. 1. drunk.
nyCTb'IHfl desert
/. 2. used as n. a drunken man.
nyCTb particle lot nUTEPO num. five
nycTb OH npH;;eT saBxpa. Let him IlHxepo flpyaen. Five friends.
come tomorrow. Ilycxb Bcerfla 6y- riHTHO neut., pi. nnxHa, nHxen stain
aex c6jiHi;el May there always be HepHHJibHoe HHXHO. An ink-stain.
sunshine!
nyXEfflECTBHE neut. journey, voy-
age, trip P, P
KpyrocBexHoe nyxemecxBHe. A PABOTA /.
round-the-world journey. nyxemecx- 1. no work. TsimejiaH pa66xa.
pi.
BHe no MODK). A voyage. Ilyxemecx- Hard work. Pa66xa aJieKxpo-
BHe B EBpony. A journey to Europe. cxaHn;HH. The work of the elec-
CoBepmnxb nyxemecxBne no tric power station.
cxpane. To
travel in a country. 2. no pi. work, job. Ilocxynnxb Ha
nyXEmECTBlOBATb, -yio, -yemb, padoxy. To go to work. Iloxe-
-yiox imp. to travel pHXb pa66xy. To lose one^s job.
IlyxemecxBOBaxb no cxpane. To HaHXH pa66xy. To find a job.
travel in a country. IlyxefflecxBO- HflXH Ha pa66xy. To go to work.
Baxb no Mopio. To travel by sea. 3. work. BucxaBKa pa66x xyflOJK-
fl jiio5jik) nyxemecxBOBaxb. / like HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's
travelling. works.
nyXb m., gen., dat,, prepos. nyxH, PABOXAITb, -emb, -rox imp.
-H),
instr. nyxcM; pi. nyxH, nyxen, 1. to work. Oh
pa66xaex xopomo.
nyxHM etc. He works well. PaSoxaxb hhjkc-
1. way. 3xox nyxb caMUH Kop6x- HepoM. To work as an engineer.
KHH. This way is the shortest. Pa66xaxb b HHcxHxyxe. To work
2. journey. BaM npe^cxonx xpyflHHH at an institute. Pa66xaxb c hh-
H onacHWH nyxb. There is a xeperoM. To work with interest.
difficult and dangerous journey 2. to work. PaSoxaxb naa cxaxbea,
ahead of you. Ha;^ KHHFOH. To work at an
3. fig. way. KaKHM nyxcM bh flo6H- article, at a book.
JiHCb xaKHX peayjibx^xoB? How 3. to work. MamHHa paSoxaex
{in what way) did you achieve oxJiHHHO. The machine works per-
such results? fectly well.
PAB 119 PA 3

^ Kto He paSoTaeT, tot hg ecT. PAJ^|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembca.

He who does not work^ neither shall -yiOTca imp. k o m y? h e m y?/
he eat. p. o5paAloBaTbca, -yiocb, -yenibca,
PABOHlHtt m gen. -ero worker
, -yiOTca to rejoice
PABOHiHfl, -an, -ee, -ne P^AOBaTbca Becae. To rejoice at
1. working. PaSo^HH KJiacc. The spring. Mh
paAyeMca BauiHM ycne-
working-class. Pa66qee jifimme- xaM. We rejoice at your success.
HHe. The working-class move- PAj^OCTb /. joy, happiness
ment. y Meaa 6oJibmaa paAOCTb. / have
2. working. Pa66Hee BpeMH. Work- great joy. Oh CKaaaJi Mae o6 3tom
ing hours. PaSoHHH koctiom. c paAOCTbK). He told me about it
Working clothes. with joy.
^ PaSoHHH flenb. Working day. PAS m.
PaSoqaa CHJia. Manpower. 1. time. }KH3Hb Aaexca TOJibKO
PABHOAS^mHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He. OAHH pas. Life is given to man
short form- paBHOAymeH, paBHO- only once. HecKOJibKO pas. Sev-
;(yuiH|a, -o, -m; adv. paBHo;^yI^HO eral times.
indifferent 2. time. B nepBHH pas. For the
Oh paBHOAynien k npnpoAe. He is first time. Ha 3tot pas. This
indifferent to nature. time Oahh pas HAy a no yjiH-
PABHIHH, -aH, -oe, -ue, short form ne... One day I was going along
paBGH, paBHia, -6, -u the street ...
1. equal. PaBHue chjih. Equal <> KaK pas. Just. He pas. More
forces. than once. Hh pasy. Not once,
2. equal. Mh
Bce SACCb paBHu. We never. CeMb
pas oxMepb, oahh
are all equal here. pas OTpeJKb. Gf. Measure thy cloth
3. equal. J^bb hjiioc ^Ba paBHO ^e- ten times; thou canst cut it but
THpcM. Two plus two is four. once.
-(^ Mee Bce pasHO. It's all the PA3BHBA1TBCH -locb, -embca, -rorca
same to me. imp. I p. pasSaxbca, pa3o6b|i6cb,
-embca, -loxca
PAfl, -a, -0, -H short adf. KOMy? to break. CxanaH pasSifjica. The
q e M y? & + m/ (to be) glad
1.
glass has broken. CxeKJio paaSa-
fl BaM oqenb pa^. / am very glad
Jiocb. The glass has broken.
to see you. Mm paAH BaoiHM ycne- 2. to crash. GaMOJiex pa36HJica. The
xaM. We rejoice at your success.
plane has crashed.
PaA Bac BHflexb. I'm glad to see
you. fl pafla, mo bh npHouiH. I'm PA3Bflrb see BPITb
glad you have come.
PA3BflTbCfl see PA3BHBATbCfl
PASBYAflTb see BVAflTb
PAJ^HO neut., indecl., no pi. PA3BE emphatic particle really
1. radio. MaoSpeTeHHe pa^HO. The PasBe jieKi;Ha Koannjiacb? Has
invention of the radio. Ilepefla- the lecture ended? Paaae xh ae
B^Tb no paAHO. To broadcast. aaaemb? Don't you know?
2. radio. ITpoBecTii paano. To PA3BEJli|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
put radio (in a house). BKjnoHHTb 1. prospecting. PasBCAKa noJieaanx
paAHO. To turn on the radio. HCKonaeMHX. Pro<ipecting for
BuKJiio^HTb pa^HO. To turn off mineral deposits.
the radio. CJiyuiaTb paAHO. To 2.: BosAymnaa pasBCAKa. Air recon-
listen to the radio, j naissance.
PAJ^|OBATb, -yio, -yenib, -yioT imp. 3.: Boeaaaa pasaeAKa. Intelligence.
Koro? qxo?//?. oSpaAloBaTb, -yio, 4. intelligence service. Pa66xa paa-
-yemb, -yrax to make glad BeAKH. The work of the intelli-
Hac paAyiOT Bauin ycnexH. We gence service.
rejoice at your success. Mena o6pa- PA3BHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.
AOBaJio TBoe nacbMO. / was glad axo?//>. paaaiixb, paPOBbjio, -emb,
to receive your letter. -K)x to develop
PA3 120 PAH

PasBHBaxb naMHTb. To develop PA3H|bin, -an, -oe, -He {sing, used

one's memory. PasBHBaTb npoMtiiii- rarely)
JiGHHOCTb. To develop industry. 1. different. Y nnx pasnue xapaK-
PasBiiBaxb MLicJib. To develop one's Tepu, Their characters are quite
idea. PasBHsaTb CKopocTb. To de- different.
velop speed. 2. different. TKuTh b paanbix ropo-
PASBHBAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not jxkx. To live in different cities.
used, 3rd pers. -eiCfl, -iotch imp. 3. various. CTyAeHTu paanux na-
to develop UHOHaJibHOCTen. Students of va-
PeSeaoK 6faicTpo pasBHBaeTCH. The rious nationalities. ^ejieraTH H3
child develops quickly. IlpOMUfflJieH- paanux cTpan. Delegates from
HOCTb paBBHBaexcH ycneiDHo. The various countries.
industry is developing successfully. PA30nTlICb see PACXOAflTbCH
PA3BflTHE neut., no pi. development PA30PBATb see PBATb
Pa3BiiTne npoMuniJieHHOcTH, nay- PA3PE3ATb see PE3ATb
KH. The development of industry, PA3PEfflA|Tb, -K), -euib, -iot imp.
of science. qTO? KOMy?
&-j- inf./ p. paape-
PA3BllTb see PA3BHBATB mjHTb, -y, -Hmb, -aT to allow
PA3BflTbCH see PA3BHBATbCH Paap^mHTb GoJibnoMy BCTaBaTb. To
PA3rOBAPHBA|TI>, -lo, -emb, -iot allow the patient to get up. Paape-
imp. OKOM? HCM? CKGM? niHTe npoiiTii! May I get past,
to speak please? PaapeniHTe bohth! May I
PaaroBapHBaTb c jipyrou no-pyc- come in?
CKH. To speak to a friend Rus-
in
PA3PEraflTb see PA3PEinATb
sian. PaaroBapHBaxb o saHainHX,
PA3PyfflAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.
SHaKOMWX. To speak about one's pa3pym|HTb, -nnib,
n T 0?//?. -y,
lessons, about one's acquaintances.
-aT to destroy
PA3rOBOP m.
conversation
PaapyuiHTb aom. To destroy a
HHTepecHHH paaroBop. An interest- house. Pa3pymHTb ropo^. To destroy
ing conversation. PasroBop no Te-
a city.
jie(|)6Hy. A
telephone conversation.
PA3J^AlBATtCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not PA3PymHTb see PA3PymATb
used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./ PA3TbE3aCA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd
pers. -eTCH, -iotch
p. pasflaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. paa^acTCH, paa^a- imp. K y A a? o t k y a a? /p- pa3T.e-
flyTCfl, past pa3/i|aJiCH, -ajiacb, -ocb,
xaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
-HCb to be heard 3rd pers. paBTieAleTCH, -yTCH to go
PaaflaJiCH sbohok. A bell was heard. away in different directions
B^aJiH pasAaiOTCH rojioca. Voices Ka>KAbiH roA CTyAeHTM paa^eawd-
are heard in the distance. PasAaJiCH lOTCH Ha KaHHKyjiw. Each year the
A students disperse for the holidays.
yMp rpoMa. thunderclap was heard.
PA3AATI>Cfl see PA3;^ABATbCfl PA3'b£XATbCH see PA3'bE3MCATb-
PA3AEBA|TbCH, -locb, -enibCH, -iotch Cil
imp. I p. pa3Ae|Tbcfl, -nycb, -HenibCH, PAflOH m.
-HyTCH to undress 1. region, area. 9to oCmnpHUH
PaBABBaTbCfl nepea chom. To un- npoMtiniJieHHHH It is a paaoH.
dress before going to bed. PasfleBaa- vast industrial area.
Tecb, nojKaJiyncTa! Take off your 2. district (an administrative di-
coat, pleasel vision), fl WHBy B JleHHHCKOM
PA3AEJlflTb see J^EJlUiTh panoHe Mockbh. / Hue in the
PA3aETbCfl see PA3JtEBATbCH Lenin district in Moscow.
PA3MfiP m. size PAKETA /. rocket
PasMep 66yBH. The size of foot- SanycTHTb paKCTy b kocmoc. To
wear. IIoKa>KHTe, nojKaJiyncTa, launch rocket into outer space.
a
KOCTioM 50-ro pasMepa. Show me a PAH|HTb, -K), -HHib, -HT Koro? bo
size 50 suit, please. q T 6? n e M? imp. & p. to wound
 PAH 121 PEB

PaHHTb nyjien. To wound with a PACT|B[, -y, -enib, -yx, past poc, -Jia,
bullet. I
impera. Boiiua paHHJio b py- -Jio, -JiH imp. /p. BupacxlH, -y,
Ky. The soldier was wounded in the -emb, -yx, past Bbipoc, -Jia, -Jio,
arm. -JIH
PAHUinfl, -Hfl, -He early
-ee, 1. to grow. ^epeBbfl pacxyx mca-
PaHHee yipo. An early morning. JieHHO. Trees grow slowly.
PaHHHe $pyKTH. Early fruit. 2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc b
PAHO adv., comp. paHBine AepeBHe. The boy grew up in
1. early. Pano yxpoM. Early in the the countryside.
morning. BciaTb pa ho. To get up 3. grow, to increase, to rise.
to
early. Pa ho Jie^b cnaxb. To go Ham ropoA pacxex. Our town is
to bed early. 3HMa nacTynHJia growing. VpoBenb pacxex.mmun
paHO. Winter came early. H The living standard is rising.
npnuieji paHO, a oh eme panb- 4. to grow. BanaHH pacxyx na lore.
me. / came early, but he had Bananas grow the south. m
come still earlier. H pano na- PACXOAflTbCH, pacxojKycb, pacxo-
yqHJiCH qHTaib. / learned to flHmbCfl, pacxoAflxcfl imp./ p. paaoH-
read early. xHCb, paaoHAlycb, -embCH, -yxcH
I
2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e- 1. and 2nd pers. sing not used to
1st
fl;aTb eme pano. It is too early disperse. PaaoHXHCb c coSpannn.
tq dine yet. Cefiqac pano. It is To disperse after the meeting.
early now. HapoA MeAJieHHO pacxoAHJicfl.
^ HeM paHbme, tbm jiyqme. The The people were slowly dispersing.
earlier, the better. 2. to differ. PaaoiixHcb bo bsfjih-
PAHbfflE adv. before Aax. To differ in opinion, to dis-
PaHbuie OH 6eiji jtpyrHM. He was agree, y
Hero cJioBa ne pacxo-
different before. AflXCH c AGJiOM. His words and
PACCEPAfiTbCH see CEPflflTbCH deeds are never at variance.
3. to divorce. Paaouxiicb c MymeM
PACCKA3 m.
1. story. PaccKas MaJibHHKa Mena (c JKeHOH). To divorce one's hus-

BSBOJiHOBaJi. The boy's story band (one's wife).

moved me. PBlATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past psaJi,
2. story. MHTepecHHH paccKaa. An pBaJia, pBaJi|o, -h imp. qxo?
interesting story. C66pHHK pac- 1. p. copBlaxb, -y, -emb, -yx to
CKaaoB. A collection of stories. pick. PBaxb D;BexH. To pick flow-
ers.
PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3bIBATb 2. p. pasopBlaxb, -y, -emb, -yx to
PACCKA3blBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -K)t
tear (up). PBaxb 6yMary, rasexy.
H T 0? K 6 M?
o H e M? imp./
To tear paper, a newspaper. \\

p. paccKaaaxb, paccKaH«y, paccKa-

fig. to break off. PasopBaxb
jKenib, paccKajKyx to tell
oxHomeHHH. To break off rela-
PaccKaaaxb HcxopHio. To tell a story.
tions.
PaccKasaxb o Apyre, o h<H3hh. To
tell about one's friend, life. PaccKa-
PEBEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi pe6Hxa &
AexH; gen. peSax & AexeH child
SHBaxb CKasKH A6XHM. To tell fairy-
tales to children.
SAopoBMH pe5eH0K. healthy A
child.
PACCTOHHHE neut. distance PEBOJlIOI^HOHHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He
PaccxoHHHe Mm^y
;;ByMH TOHKaMH. 1.revolutionary. PeBOJiK)i;n6HHoe
The distance between two points. paSonee ABHJKeHHe. The revolu-
PaccxoHHHe ox Mockbu flO JleHHH- tionary working-class movement.
rpa^a- The distance between Moscow PeBOJiFOUHOHHan xeopna. A re-
and Leningrad. Ilpoexaxb 6oJibm6e volutionary theory.
paccxoHHHe. To cover a long dis- 2. revolutionary. PeBOJiKmHOHHoe
tance. pasBHXHe. The revolutionary de-
PACTAflTb see TAflTb velopment.
PACTEHHE neut. plant PEBOJIIDI^HH f. revolution
PEfl 122 POA

PFi/^KIHfl, -an, -oe, -He; adu. pe^Ko; PEI^EnX m. prescription

comp. peme Hanac^xb peq^nx. To write out a
1. (ant. rycTdfi) thin. P^AKHe b6- IloJiyHHXb jieK^pcxBO
prescription.
jiocH. Thin hair. Pe;5KHH Jiec. no peu6nxy. To have a prescription
A thin wood. made up.
2. (ant. qacTo) rare, seldom. PeflKO PEH|b /., gen. pi. -6h
6oJieTb. To be seldom ill. 1. speech. HtHBan penb. Living
3. rare. PeAKHe MexdjiJiH. Rare speech.
metals. PcAKan KHHra. A rare 2. speech. Bucxynaxb c p^qbio. To
book. PeflKHH cjiyqan. A rare case. make a speech.
P£3ATb, pe)K|y, -enib, -yi imp. hto? -^Peib HABT o TOM, (iToSbi)... The
qeM? point is... 05 3tom hb MdHcex 6biTb
1. onZ?/ imp.
to cut. Ho>K nJi6xo H pe«iH. It is out of the question.
peJKCT. The
knife cuts badly. PEinA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. qxo?
2. p. oTpeaaTb, 0Tpe>K|y, -emb, -yx & -f- inf. I p. pein|Hxb, -y, -nmb, -dx
to cut. Peaaxb xJie6 ho}k6m. To cut 1. to decide. Mu pemHJin noHxn b
bread with a knife. Oxpeaaxb KHHO. We decided to go to the
KycoK xjie6a. To cut off a slice cinema. On peuiHJi ^xaxb. He
of bread. decided to go.
3. p. paapeaaxb, paapejKly, -enib, -yx 2. to solve. Pemaxb aaflany. To
to cut, to carve. Paapeaaxb Kypn- solve a problem. Pemaxb B^HCHbie
uy. To carve the chicken. Bonpocbi. To solve important
P£3K|Hfl[, -an, -oe, -ne, short form questions.
peaoK, pesKa, pe3K|o, -h PEfflEHHE neut.
1. shrill. PeBKHH sbjtk. A shrill 1. decision. IIpdBHJibHoe pem^HHe.
sound. PesKHH rojioc. A
shrill voice. The right decision. IlpHHHXb pe-
2. harsh. Pcskhh qeJioeeK. harsh A mcHHe. To take a decision.
person. Oh 6mji peaoK co bc^mh. 2. solution. PemeHHe BawHOH npo-
He was harsh to everybody. 6JieMM. The solution of an impor-
3. adv. abruptly, suddenly. IIoeaA tant problem.
peBKO ocxaHOBHncH. The train PEinflTb see PEfflATb
stopped suddenly. PHC m., no pi. rice
PESyjlbTAT m. result ypowaH pHca. Rice crops. Mhco c
PeayjibxaxH 6nMX0B. The results of PHCOM. Meat and rice.
experiments. IIoJiyHHXb xopomne PHC|0B.4Tb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp.
peayjibxaxBi. To get good results. K H X o? H e M? / /?. napHCjo-
r 6?
^ocxHHb xopomnx peayJibxaxoB. To Baxb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox to draw
achieve good results. PHCOB^xb KapaHAam6M na 6yMare.
O- B peayjibTfixe. As a result. To draw with a pencil on paper.
PEKA /., ace. pcKy, pi. peKH, peK, PncoB^xb ;^0M. To draw a house.
peKaM, river
etc. POBH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. p6BH0
ninpoKaH peKa. A wide river. 1. smooth. PoBHaH flop6ra. A level
riJiuxb no peK6. To sail along the road. IlHc^xb poBHO. To write a
river. Ha 6epery peKH. On the river smooth hand.
bank, 2. fig. smooth, equable. P6bhhh
PEMOHT m., no pi. repair r6jioc. A smooth voice. Pobhuh
PcMOHX 66yBH. Shoe repairs. Ox- xapfiKxep. An equable temper.
flaxb B peMOHX. To have (something) 3. used as particle sharp.
adv., H
repaired. C^^Jiaxb peMOHX KBapxH- npHAy poBHO B xpH. ril come at
pu. To redecorate one's flat. three sharp.
PECHtmA /. eyelash POJ^ m., pi. poflw, poHOB
JljiwBHue pecHHULi. Long eyelashes. 1. prepos. B pofly family, kin
PECn^BJHKA /. republic 2. prepos. b pofly birth, stock, ori-
PECTOPAH m. restaurant gin; generation
06eflaxb b pecxopane. To have din- 3. sort, kind. BcHKoro p6Aa. All
ner at a restaurant. kinds of.
 POA 123 PYK

<^ B CBoeM
p5Ae. In its (his, her, publish a novel. Anxop poMana. The
etc.)way. Ht6-to b otom poffe. author of a novel.
Something of the sort. POCT m.
POJ^HHA /., no pi. mother country 1. growth. PocT pacxeHHH. The
SamHxa poAHHH. The defence of growth of plants
one's mother country. TKhtl na p6- 2. growth. PocT ropoAOB. The
flHHe. To live in one's country. growth of cities. Pocx npoMHin-
IlHCbMO c poAHHH. A
letter from jieHHOCXH. The growth of in-
one's mother country. dustry.
POJ^flTEJI|H no sing., gen. -gh par- 3. stature, ^cjiobok bhcokofo poc-
ents xa, cpeAHero pocxa, HHSKoro
t IIoMoraTb poAHTejiHM. To help one's pocxa. A person of large stature,
parents. H^htb
c poAHiejiflMH. To of medium stature, of small stat-
live with one's parents. ure.
POAlflTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not POT m., gen. pxa, prepos. bo pxy
used, 3rd pers. -htch imp.
-htch, mouth
& p., past -HJICfl, -HJllaCb, -OCb, -HCb Bo pxy OH AepJK^Ji nannpocy He
& -HJijacb, -OCb, -HCb {only p.) had a cigarette in his mouth.
1. to be born. H poflHJicH b 1930 POHJIb m. (grand) piano
^o;^y. / was born in 1930. Hrpaxb Ha poaJie. To play the piano.
2. fig. to occur. V mchh po^HJiacb PYBAmiKA /., gen. pL -ck shirt;
HACfl. An idea occurred to me. chemise
POOTlOfl, -aH, -6e, -He BeJiaa pySaraKa. A white shirt.
1. related by blood or affinity. Poa- HoHudH pyS^mna. A nightgown,
HOH 6paT. A
brother. PoAnaa a night shirt.
TCTKa. An aunt. PyBJl|b m., gen. -a rouble
2. native. Poahoh Kpan. Native J^sa pySJia. Two roubles. Ilaxb
land. Poahoh hswk. Mother pySJieH. Five roubles. B py6Jie cxo
tongue. KoneeK. Arouble contains one hund-
3. used as n., pi. PoAHue. Rela- red copecks.
tives. <> He HMefi CTO pySjiefi, a hmgh
POACTBEHHHK m. relation CTO Apysefi (proverb). It's better to
jJaJibHHH poACTBeHHHK. A distant have a hundred friends than a hund-
relation. Bjihskhh poACTBeHHHK. A red roubles.
near relation. pyrA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. kofo?
POMC^EHHE neut. birth 3 a H X 6? / p. o6pyraIxb, -lo, -emb,
^eHb pojKAeHHH. One's birthday. -lox to scold
n03ApaBJIHK) BaC C AHCM pOHtA^HHH. MaJib^HKa pyr^JiH aa njioxoe no-
Many happy returns of the day. BeACHHe. The boy was scolded for
P03A /. rose bad behaviour.
Kpacnan posa. A red rose. ByK^x PYK A /., ace. pyny; pi. pyKH pyK,
po3. A bunch of roses. pyKaM, etc. hand, arm
P030B|blfl, -aH, -oe, -He pink JleBaa pyKa. The left hand (arm).
PoaoBoe njiaxbe. A pink dress. IIpaBaa pyna. The right hand (arm).
POJlb /., pi. pojiH, pojieH part ^epHcaxb B pyKe. To hold in one's
BnyHHTb pojib. To learn one's part. hand. Oh nowaji en pyny h ymeji.
HrpaTb pojib raMJieia. To play the He shook hands with her and left.
part of Hamlet. ^ HMeTb sojioTue pyKH. To be
^ HrpaTb BawHyio pojib (b master of one's work. Macxep ea Bce
^eM-Jli^6o). To play an important pyKH. J ack-of -all-trades. ^epKcaxb
part (in something). 3to He erpa- ce6a B pyKax. To control oneself.
CT pojiH. This is of no conse- BpaTb ceSa b pyKH. To pull oneself
quence. together. Hath noA pyKy* To walk
POMAH m. novel arm-in-arm. BpaTb noA pyKy. To
McTopHHecKHH poMaH. An historical take somebody's arm. PyKofi noAaTb.
novel. OnyCJiHKOBaxb poM^H. To It's a stone's throw (from here)
PYK 124 CAfl

MaxHyxb pyKOH na Kor6-jiH6o, 2. a number (of). Oh npHBeji u6-

HTO-JifiSo. To give up somebody, JiuH pflA npHMepoB. He gave
something. 3to b namiix pyKax. quite a number of examples. B
It is in our hands. BpaTb b cboh paAe cjiy^aeB axo xaK. In a num-
pvKU. To take into one's hands. ber of cases it is so.
BbiTb 6e3 Kor6-JiH6o, nero-JiHSo <> BbiTb b nepBbix pnA^x. To be
KaK 6e3 pyK. To be quite helpless in the forefront.
without somebody, something. PHAOM adv.
PYKAB m., gen. -a sleeve 1. nearby. MaraawH naxoAHxcH pa-
KopoTKHe pyKSBa. Short sleeves. AOM. The shop i9 nearby.
pyKOBOAflTEJlb m. leader 2. by. Gxofixb phaom c CpaxoM. To
PyKOBOIAflTb, -jKy, -flHinb, -flax stand by one's brother.
imp. K e M? q e M? to direct, to
run, to lead
FyKOBOjiHTb paSoTOH. To direct the C, c
work. FyKOBOjtHTb JiioflbMH. To lead
people. PyKOBO;^HTb aaBOAOM. To C prep.
run a plant. I. -i-gen.
PycCKIHH, -aH, -oe, -ne 1. from. BsHXb KHwry c dojikh.
otf,

1. Russian. PyccKHH napoA- The To

take a book off the shelf.
Russian people. PyccKaa npapo- 2. from. Bepnyxbcfl c paSoxbi. To
;^a. The Russian countryside. come back from work.
PyccKHH H3MK. The Russian 3. from. C yxpa ao Benepa. From

language. morning till evening. G pannax

2. used as n. Russian. Mm pyccKHe. Jiex. From one's early years.

We are Russians. 4. from. IlepeBecxH c pyccKoro

P5^M|KA /., gen. pi. -eK
H3HKa Ha (J)paHHy3CKHH. To
1. handle. PyqKa ABepn. A door- translate from Russian into
handle. French.
pen. ITHcaxb pyqKOH. To write II. -[- instr.
2.
with a pen. 1. with. HejiOBCK c nopx(|)eJieM. A
PL'IBA /.
man with a brief-case. Bpax g
1. B aKBapnyMe njiaBaJiH paa-
fish. cecxpoH. The brother and the
Hwe pmSh. Various fishes were sister. ToBopMXb c ApysbHMH. To
swimming in the aquarium. speak to one's friends. Bcxp6-
2. collective fish. JIoBHXb pwCy. To c xoBapHni;aMH. To miet
xHXbCH
catch fish. one's friends.
2. with, and. K6$e c mojiokom. Cof-
3. collective fish. }KapeHaH pmSa.
Fried fish. fee and milk.
<> Hii pwGa HH Mnco. Neither 3. with. Pa66xaxb c yAOBOJibcxBHCM.
fish nor flesh. To work with pleasure. GMOxpexb
Pb'IHlOK m., gen. -na 4)H;ibM c HHxepecoM. To see a
1. market. Kojixoshwh pwHOK. A film with interest.

collective- farm market. IlpoflaBaTb CAJ^ m., prepos. b caAy & o caAe; pi.

$pyKTbi Ha pbiHKe. To sell fruit caAu garden

in a market. JI^OM cxoflJiB caAy. The house stood
2. market. MnpoBoa pwHOK. The in a garden. (PpyKXOBUH caA- An
world market. orchard. BoxaHH4ecKHH caA- Botan-
m., prepos. o (b) pHAe & b pHAy; ical garden.
PHfl
pi. pflAM <> AcTCKHH caA.yl kindergarten.
1. row. PflA AOMOB. A row of houses. CAlJ^flTBCH, -Htycb, -AwnifcCH, -ahxch
Pha JiiOAeH. A line of people. imp. K y A a? & + inf. I p. cecxb,
riepBUH pHA napT^pa. The CHAly. -emb, -yx, past ceJi, -a, -o, -h
first row of the stalls. CHAeib B 1. to sit down. CaAWTbCH na cxyji.

n^pBOM pflAY- To sit in the first To sit down on a chair. Gecxb 3a

row. cxoji. To sit down to table.
 '

CA5K 125 CBE

2. to get on, in. CaflHTbcn b noes^, pendent work. GaMOcxoaxeJibHHH ^e-

B aBTOModHJib. To get on a train, JiOBCK. A
self-dependent person.
in a motor-car. }KHXb caMOCxoflxeJibHO. To live in-
3. to set (to work). GecxB sa pa66- dependently. Oh caMOcxoHxeJibHO
Ty. To set to work. Hsy^aex pyccKHH hbhk. He studies
4. to set. CojiHi^e caAHTca. The sun Russian by himself.
is setting. CAMIblfl, -aa, -oe, -He pron.
CAHCAlTb, -H),^ -eniB, -k)t koto? 1. the very. 3xo KHiira, Koxopyio
HTO? Ky^a? imp. I p. nocaAWTb, XH HCKaJi? —
^a, 3X0 xa caMaa
nocajKy, nocaAHoiB, nocaAHx KHHra. "/5 this the book you
1. to put, to place. IIocaAaTb dth- were looking for?" "Yes, that's
ny B KJiexKy. To put the bird the very book."
into a cage. 2. very. Maraaan naxoAHXca b ca-
2. to plant. GajKaxb i^Bexti. To MOM KOHue yjiHHH. The shop is
plant flowers. at the very end of the street, fl
CAJIAT m. 3Haji 3X0 c caMOro naqaJia. /
1. lettuce. GBe?KHH caJiax. Fresh knew it from the very start.
lettuce. 3. most. CaMHH xopomna. The
2. salad. CaJiax h3 orypi^oB, h3 no- GaMBiii KpaCHBHH
best. ropo^.
MHAopoB. A cucumber salad, a The most beautiful city.
tomato salad. <> B caMOM ACJie, oh npae. As a
CAJI<DET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok napkin matter of fact, he is right. Mm
Hacxan caJi^exKa. A clean napkin. AyMEJiH, OH 66jieH, a na eaMOM
ByMawnaH caJi^exKa. A
paper nap- ACJie OH SAopoB. We
thought he
kin. IIoJibaoBaxBca caJi$exK0H. To was ill, but in fact he is all right.
use a napkin. CAXAP m. sugar
CAM, caMa, caMO, caMH pron. KnjiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme
1. myself, yourself, himself, herself,
of sugar, ^an c caxapoM. Tea with
itself, ourselves, yourselves, them- sugar.
He HaAO MHe noMoraxb, a
selves.
caM Bce CAeJiaio. Don't help me,
CBOPHHK m. collection
ril do everything myself.
GGopuHK cxaxeH. A collection of
articles.
2. myself, yourself, himself, her-
self, itself, ourselves, your- CBAjUbBA /., gen. pi. CBaAeS wed-
selves, themselves. Oh caM roBO- ding
pHJi o5 3X0M. He himself told Becejiaa CBaA^Sa. A merry wedding.
me that. Bhxb Ha CBaAbSe. To be present at
CAMOJ],£HTEJIbHOCTI> /., no pi. a wedding. ilpasAHOBaxb cBaAb6y.
amateur talent activities To celebrate one's wedding.
XyAOJKecxBeHHaH caMOAenxeJib- <> J^o cBaAb6bi saHfiiBCT (proverb).
Hocxb. Amateur theatricals. Be^ep It'll have healed before your wed-
caMOAeaxeJibHOCXH. An amateur ding.
concert. CBAPflTb see BAPflTb
'CAMOJIET m. aeroplane CBE3K|Hfl, -ee, -ne, short forni
-aa,
Jlexexb na caMOJiexe. To go by air. CBejK, cBewa, CBe>K|e, -h; adv. cBemo
PeaKXHBHBiH caMOJiex. A jet plane. 1. fresh. GBe>Kee mfico. Fresh meat.
CAMOOBCJiyaCHBAHHE neut. self- CBe>KHe HBexH. Fresh flowers.
service GBemne ApyKXH. Fresh fruit.
CaMoo6cjiyHtHBaHHe b cxojioboh. GBe>KHe OBO^^H. Fresh vegeta-
Self-service in a cafeteria. MaraaHH bles.
caMOo6cJiyH<HBaHHH. A self-service 2. fresh. Gbcjkhh BoSAyx. Fresh air.
shop. Ha CBeHteM BOSAyxe. In the fresh
CAMOCTOHTEJlbHIblfl, -an, -oe, air.
-He; adv. caMocxoaxejibHO indepen- 3. cool. GBeJKee yxpo. cool morn-A
dent, self-dependent ing. predic.
I
impers. GerOAHH
CaMOCxoflxeJibHafl pa66xa. Inde- CBewoI It's cool today/
CBE 126 CBH

4. fresh. Cb^jkhg raaexH. Fresh an appointment. HasH^HHXb CBHAd-

newspapers. HHe. To make an appointment.
<^ BpaTbCH 3a paSoTy co ceeHcnMii <> flo CBnAaHnn! Good-bye/ J^o
CHnaMH. To tackle the work with CKoporo cbma^hhh! See you soon/
renewed strength. CBOBO^A /.

CBEPKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 1. only sing, freedom. BopbCa 3a CBO-
3rd pers. -ex, -K)t imp. / p. CBepK- 66fly. Struggle for freedom. 3aB0e-
hIvtl, 7s/ & 2nd pers. not used, Baxb CBoGoAy. To win freedom.
3rd pers. -yx to
-ex, flash, to 2. freedom. CBo66;;a cjiosa. The
sparkle freedom of speech. CBo66;^a ne-
B He6e CBepKHyjia mojihhh. Light- qaxH. Freedom of press.
ning flashed in the sky. Mope csep- CBOBO^Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short
KaJio. The sea was sparkling. form cBo66;teH, CBo66AH|a, -o, -h;
adv. CBo66flHO
CBEPKH^Tb see CBEPKATb
CBEPXy adv,
1. free. CBo66flHHH Hapo;^. A free
people.
1. oxKyfla? from ahove. Ceepxy
only complete form free of charge.
ynfiji KaMeHb. A stone fell from
2.
Cbo66ahhh bxoa. Free admis-
above. CMOxpexfc csepxy bhh3.
sion.
To look down.
2. Tjie? on the surface. JKnp njia-
3. adv. fluently. H CBo66flHO roBopi^
no-anrjiBHCKH. / speak English
Baex CBepxy. Fat floats on the
fluently.
surface.
CBETi m., no pi.
vacant. CBo66AHoe Mecxo.
4. va- A
cant seat. 3to Mecxo CBoSoflHO?
1. light. CojiHGHHUH CBex. Sun- Is this seat vacant?
light.
5. free. CBoSoAHoe BpeMH. Free time.
2. light.Samemy cBex. To switch on CeroflHfl BeqepoM a CBo66AeH.
the light. IIoracHXB cbbx. To / am free tonight.
switch off the light. IIocMOxpexL CBOB, CEOH, CBoe, cboh pron. one's
Ha CBex. To look (at something) (own)
against the light. Hnxaxb npn fl HAy K CBoeMy xoeapHmy. / am
CBexe jiaMDH. To read by lamp- going to my friend's. Oh naACJi
light.
cboh kocxiom. He put on his suit.
<» yqeHbe —
cbbt, a Heyqenbe — H npocHJi xoBapnnia npHnecxH mhb
TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that ne- CBOK) KHHry. I asked my friend to
glects learning in his youth, loses bring me his book.
the past and is dead for the fu- CBOflCTBO neut. property
ture.
CBflSATb see CBH3bIBATb
CBET2 m., no pi. world CBH3bIBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp,
riyxeniecxBHe BOKpyr csexa. A jour- Koro? Hxo? c KCMPcqe m?/
ney round the world. p. cBflsaxb.cBHHty.cBHHcemb, CBHmyr
CBETflTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 1. to tie together. CBHsaxb OAny
3rd pers. CBexHX, CBexflX BepeBKy c ApyroH. To tie one
CojiHixe flpKO CBex MX. The sun is rope to another.
shining brightly. 2. fig. to involve. 3xo CBHsano c
CBl^TJl|bIfl[, -an, -oe, -He; adv. CBexjio 6ojibmHMH xpyAHOCxflMH. This
1. light. GBexjian KOMHaxa. light A involves great difficulties.
room. predic. impers. Ha yjiHii;e
I
CBfl3b /.
CBexjio. It is light in the street. 1. tie. VKpenjiflxb cbhsh c napoAa-
2. light. Cbcxjiuh kocxiom. light A MH Bcex cxpaH. To strengthen
suit. the ties with the peoples of alt
3. fig. lucid. CBexjiHH yM, CBexjiaa countries.
roJiOBa. A lucid mind. 2. communication. Tejierpd^nan
CBHA'^HHE neut. appointment, meet- CBHBb. Telegraph communication.
ing 3. connection.
Haxh Ha CBHfldHHe. To go to keep •<> B CBH3H C TeM, <ITO... In
 cro 127 CEP

connection with... B cbhsh c 9thm... CEJ^10B[, -an, -6e, -He, short form ce^,
In
this connection... ce^a, ce^H
CrOPfiTb see TOPETB 1. grey. CeflHe bojioch. Grey hair.
C;^A|BATb, -K), -eiuL, -K)T imp. hto?/ 2. grey-haired. CeAOH cxapHK. A
p. CflQTL, CflHM, Cflanib, CflaCT, grey-haired old man.
c;iaAHM, cflaflHTe, cffaAyx, past CEHHAC arfy.
Cflaji, -a, cflajijo, -h 1. now. CeHH^c h qyBcxByio ce6fl
1. to return. CASTb KHHry b 6h6- xopomo. Now I feel well. Cen-
jiHOTeKy. To return the book to ^ac HAex ypoK. A lesson is in
the library. progress now.
2. to let. CflaBaib flany, KOMHaiy. 2. right now. H cenqac npH^y.
To let a summer cottage, a room. I'll come right now Gen^ac me
3. to take. CAaBaib aKsaMenH. To
take examinations.
HAH ciOAa! —
CeHHac! ''Come
here at once/" "Just a mo-
CJ^ATb see C^ABATB ment/"
CJ^AHA no pi. change
/., CEKPETAP|b m., gen. -A secretary
Ilojiy^HTb cflaiy. To get some CEK^HAA /. second
change. Jlaxb 10 KoneeK ca^hh. To ^Be ceKyHAH, naxb ceKyHA. Two
give 10 copecks change. seconds, five seconds.
CflEJTATb see flEJIATB <^ Chio CBKyHAy! Just a moment/
C;^EPH^ATL see JJElHCATb, 2 CEJlO neut., pi. cejia village
I CEBH pron., no ncm.\ gen., ace. ccCh, CEJlbCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He country,
dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66h village
myself, yourself, himself, herself, CejibCKafl MecxHOCXb, Country local-
itself; ourselves, yourselves, them- ity. CejibCKan }KH3Hb. Country life.
selves CejibCKHH Bpan. A
country doctor.
IlpHrjiacHTb K ce6e ^omoh. To in- •<> CejibCKoe xo3flHCTBO. Agricul-
vite to one's place. B ;aop6ry h ture.
BBHJi c co66h MbiJio, nojioTeni^e CEMbH pi. ceMbH, ceMen family
/.,
H syCnyio meiKy. / took soap, a ^pyjKHaH ceMbH. A united family.
towel, and a toothbrush with me on y MCHH 6ojTbmafl ceMba. / have a
my trip. PaGoTaTb y ce6fl flOMa. To large family.
work at home. CEHTUBPIb m., gen. -A September
-<> HHTaxb npo ceCn. To read to 3aBxpa Dflxoe ceHxaCpji. Tomorrow
oneself. Buhtb h3
ccGh. To be is the fifth of September. B cen-
beside oneself. UpiiiiTH b ce6fl. To Xfl6pe y nac enie xenjio. It is still
come to one's senses. warm in September in our parts.
CEBEP m., no pi. CEPAEHHiblH, -an, -oe, -ne, short
i. north. CaMOJiex jieTHT na cesep. form cepAeqeH, cepAeHH|a, -o, -h;
The plane is flying northward. adv. cepAeqno cordial
K ceBepy ox Her6-JiH6o. North IlepeAaxb npHBex. To
cepAennHH
of some place. give one's warmest regards. CepAeH-
2. north. JKbxb na ceBepe. To live HHH npneM, cepAeHHan oScxanoBKa.
in the North. A cordial reception, a cordial at-
C£BEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He north(ern) mosphere.
CeBepHUH Bexep. A north wind. CEP;i;flT|blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
CeBepHUH nojiioc. The North Pole. cepAHX, -a, -o, -h; adv. cepAHXo
CEPOOTH [-bo-] adv. today angry
GeroAHH Syaex ao>kjii>- ^^ ^Hl fc^^n CepAHXHH qeJiOBCK. An angry per-
today. CeroAHH yxpoM. This morn- son. H cepAHX na nero. / am angry
ing. CeroflHH BeqepoM. Tonight. with him. CepAHXHH BarJiHA- An
CErOAHflmillHfl, -Ra, -ee, -He to- angry look.
day's CEPJ^flTbCH, cepjKycb, cepAHmbCH,
CeroAHflmHflfl rasexa. Today's news- cepAHxcH imp. ha k o r 6?
paper. Ha mo? I p. paccepAHXBCfl,
CEP 128 CHJI

paccepwycb, paccep/iHinbCfl, pac- C3AflH

cepAHTCfl to be angry 1. adv. behind. Oh men csaAH. He
He cep^HCbl Don't be angry! Maxb was walking behind.
paccep;(HJiacb na cwHa aa ono3Aa- 2. prep. -{-gen. behind. GaaAH AOMa
HHe. The mother was angry with 6hji caA. There was a garden be-
her son for being late. hind the house, fl chacji caaAH
C£POT|E neut., pi. -a, cepAei^, cepA^aM, mo(J)epa. / was sitting behind the
etc. driver.
1. heart. V
nero dojibHoe cep^i^e. CHIflETb, -my, -Anmb, -ahx imp.
He has a bad heart. TAB?
2. fig. heart. Oh aaMeqaieJibHtiH 1. to sit. GiiAGTb HaAHBane, na cxy-
qejiOBeK, y nero aojioxoe cepAi;e. Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair.
He is a wonderful man, he has a 2. to stay. I^eJiHH A^Hb oh CHAeji
heart of gold. OAHH. He stayed at home alone
<> IIosApaBJiflTb OT Bcero cepAUA' the whole day.
To congratulate with all one's heart. <> CiiAexb Ha raee y Kor6-jift6o.
FoBopHTb OT HHCToro cepwa. To To be on somebody's hands. CBflfitb
speak from the bottom of one's CJio»<a pyKu. To sit idle.
heart. V mbhh ee jicwht k oTOMy CflJIA /.
cepnue. / have no liking for this. 1. strength. HejioBeK 6ojibm6H $h-
CEPEA0HA middle /. 3HiecK0H CHjiH. A man of great
CepeAHHa Kpyra. The centre of a physical strength.
circle. B cepeAwne Jieca. In the 2. power. GiiJia cjioBa. The power of
middle of the forest. GepeAHHa Jie- the word. CnJia npHBUiKH. Force
Ta. The middle of the summer. of habit.
C£P|bIfl, -an, -He grey -08, 3. usu. pi. forces. BoopymeHHHe ch-
GepuH KOCTioM. A grey suit (cos- JIH.The armed forces. Ghjih mh-
tume). Cepue rjiaaa. Grey eyes. pa H nporpecca. The forces of
CEPbE3H|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, short peace and progress.
form cepheaen, cepbe3H|a, -o, -h; 4. force. CHJia xfiwecxn. Force of
adu. cepbeano gravity.
1. serious. GepbesHHH HeJioeeK. A <> EeHcaxb nao Bcex cn;i. To run
serious person. as fast as one can. J^eJiaxb qTO-
2. serious. GepbeBHan Knnra. se- A jih6o qepea CHJiy. To force one-
rious book. GepbesHaa MysHKa. self do something,
to fl ne b
Serious music. GepbliauHH paa- CHJiax CAGJiaTb 3T0. / am unable
roBop. A
serious talk. Gepbeauo to do that. 3to CBUine mohx chji.
3a,"yMaTbrH. To think seriously. This is beyond my powers. Mhc 6to
3. serious. Gepbeaeoe nojioweHHe. A He noA CHJiy. this is beyond my
serious situation. GepbcanaH 6o- powers. 3to b Hamiix CHJiax. We
Jieaub. A
serious illness. are able to do that.
CECTPA /., pi cecipw, cecxep, cecxpaM, GflJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form
etc. CHJiea, CHJIbHa, CHJIbHO, CHJIbHH;
1. sister. Gxapraafl cecxpa. Elder adv. CHJIbHO
(eldest) sister. MJiaAmaa cecxpa. 1. strong, powerful. Cwnbuuu qejioj
Younger (youngest) sister. Poa- BeK. A
strong man. Ghjii>hhh
HaH cecxpa. A sister. /],BOi6poAHaH BapHB. A
powerful explosion.
cecxpa. A
cousin. GHJibHO yAapHXb. To hit a heavy
2. nurse. MeAHmiHCKaH cecxpa. A blow. fig. Ero penb npoHSsejia Ha
I

(hospital) nurse. MCHH cHJibHoe BncHaxJieHHe. His

CECTb see CAAflTbCH speech made a strong impression
CE|HTb, -K), -euib, -lox imp. q x o?/ on me. Y Hero CHJibnaa bojih.
p. noce|flXb, -K), -emb, -lox to sow He is a man of strong will.
GcHXb omeHHqy, KyKypyay. To 2. loud, severe. GnJibHHH myM. A
sow wheat, maize. loud noise. GnJibHHH Mopos. Se-
CaeE^b see aCEHb vere frost.
 CHH 129 cKy

CflHintt, -Hfl, -ee, -He blue CKOPO comp. CKopee soon

adv.,
CHHee Mope. Blue sea. CnHne rjia- GKopo HacxynHT Becna. Spring
3a. Blue eyes. will come soon. H. CKopo npn^y.
CHPOTA m. & /., pi. CHpoTH orphan I'll come soon. npHxo^H CKopee!
Oh ocxajicfl cnpoTon. He became Come sooner! KaK moh^ho CKopee.
an orphan. As soon as you can.
<> KpyrjiWH CBp«Ta. A complete CKOPOCTb speed/.
orphan. Exaxb SojibmoH CKopocxbio. To
c
CKA3ATb see TOBOPflTb drive at a high speed.
CKA3|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fairy-tale CKOPlblfl, -an, -oe, -He
Hap6ji;HBie CKasKH. Folk tales.
CKAMElflKA 1. fast. GKopHH noesji,. A fast train.
/., gen. pi. -bk bench
GKopaH noMomb. First aid.
CuAeTb na CKaMCHKe. To sit on a
2. soon. ^0 CKopoH Bcxpe^n! See
bench.
you soon! J\o CKoporo cBHflaHHfl!
CKATEPT|B /., gen. pi. -m table-
See you soon!
cloth
BeJiaH CKaTepiB. A white table- CKPflniKA /., gen. pi. -ok violin
cloth. riocTejiHTb CKaxepTB, To Hrpaxb na CKpiiUKe. To play the
spread a table-cloth. Gtoji noKpHT violin.
KpacHBOH CKaxepTbio. The table is CKPOMHIbia, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
covered with
a beautiful table-cloth. CKpOMHO
CKBEP m. public garden 1. modest. Ckpomhhh qeJiOBCK. A
B CKsepe nrpajin ji;eTH. Children modest person. GKpoMUO Becxii
were playing in the public garden. ce6H. To behave modestly.
CKB03b prep, through
-j- ace. 2. moderate. GKpoMHbie ycnexii.
CKBOSb jiHCTBy 6biJio BHAHO He6o. Moderate success.
The sky was visible through the fo- CKPbIBA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.
liage. nxo? ox Koro? ox Her 6?/
<> CMOTpeTb Ha ^TO-JIHSo CKBOSb p. CKpHxb, CKpolK), -emb, -K)X to
najibi^bi. To close one's eyes to conceal
something. GKpHBaxb BsrJiHAH. To conceal
CK0JIb3K|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. one's views. Oh CKptiBaex, hxo nii-
CKOJibSKO slippery mex cxHXii. He conceals the fact
GKOJibSKHH noji. A slippery floor. that he writes poetry.
\predic. impers. Ha
yjiHn,e cKOJibSKO.
CKPblBAITbCH, -locb, -embcH, -ioxch
It is slippery outside.
imp. r A e? ox k o r 6? / p. CKpnxb-
CKOJIbKO how much, how many cfl, cKp6|iocb, -embcfl, -ioxch
GKOJibKO qeJiOBBK npHffljio? How
1. only imp. to hide. GKpHBaxbCfl
many people have come? GKOJibKO
ox noJiHUiHH. To hide from the
CTOHT 3Ta KHiira? How much is this
police.
book? GKOJibKO BpeMeHH? What time
2. to escape. IIpecxynHHK ckplijich.
is it? GKOJibKO BaM Jiex? How old
The criminal escaped.
are you? CKOJibKO
ITocMOTpHTe,
3. to disappear. IIoesA ckplijich
3Aecb KpacHBWX i^BeTOB! Look what
BAaJiH. The train disappeared in
a lot of beautiful flowers there are
the distance. HejiOBeK CKpuJiCH
here!
3a yrJiOM. The man disappeared
<> GKOJibKO rOJIOB, CTOJIbKO yMOB.
round the corner.
As many men, as many minds.
CKOPEE CKPblTb see CKPblBATb
1. comp. of adv. cKopo CKPb'ITbCfl CKPblBATbCIlsee
2. adv. rather, sooner. Oh CKopee CKYHAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. no
yMpeT, ^eM npnanaeT cbok) K M y? no H e M y? to miss, to
oiiiH6KyI He will rather die than be lonesome
admit his mistake! GKynaxb no poAHxeJiHM. To miss
<0' CKopee Bcero axo thk. Most one's parents. GKynaxb no ]x6uy.
likely it is true. To be homesick.
9—4002
I
 cKy 130 CJIO

CKS'HHiblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form cnyxHHKa. To follow the move-
CKynen, cKy^Ha, CKy^Hlo, -h; adv. ment of a satellite.
CKy^HO 2. to have an eye (on). GJieflHTb
1. dull. CKyqHHH nejioBeK. A dull 3a HOBHHKaMH jiHTepaxypH. To
man. have an eye on the latest publi-
2. boring. CKyiHHU paaroBop. A cations.
boring conversation. 3. to watch. Cjie^HTb 3a sparoM.
3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored. To watch
the enemy.
Mne CKyHHO. / am bored. CJifiAOBATEJIBHO conj. therefore,
CJlAB|Llfl, -an, -we, short form
-oe, consequently
cjia6, cjiaSa, cjia6|o, -h; adv. cJia6o A paBHO B, cjiejtoBaxejibHO B paB-
1. weak. GJiaSHH nejiOBeK. weak A h6 A. A equals B, therefore B
person. CJiaStiH y^ap. feeble A equals A.
blow. GjiaSoe cep^iie. weak A CJIEJ^yiOimHfl, -an, -ee, -ne next
heart. B cjiejtyioniHH paa. Next time. Ha
2. fig. weak. Cjia6aH bojih. A weak cJie/tyioniiHH ;i;eHb. On the next day.
will. CjiaSma xapaKxep. A weak CJIE3A /., pi. cJiesH, cjies, cJie3aM»
character. etc.
<> 3to ero cjiaSoe mccto. It's his 1. t^r. no ee Jiimy xeKJin cjiesH.
weak point. CjiaSaa uaj^emjia. Tears were streaming down her
A feeble hope. face.
CJIABA /., no
fame; glory
pi. 2. pi. tears. ToBopiiTb cKB03b cJiesH.
FpoMKan cjiaea. Great fame. K Heiny To speak through tears.
npHiujia CJiaea. He has become fa- <> OGmaho AG cjie3. It is enough
mous. GJiaea noKopHTejiHM KOCMOcal to make one cry. CMeflTbCH flo
Glory to the conquerors of Space! cjiea. To laugh until one cries.
CJIABH|LIB[, -afl, -oe, -He fine, nice GjiesaMH ropH) ho rioMOHcenii*
Oh cJiaBHHH napenb. He is a fine (proverb). Cf. It's no use crying
fellow. over spilt milk.
CJIA^KIHH, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
CJIEniOfl, -afl, -oe, -ue blind
cjiaAOK, cjia^Ka, cjiaj];K|o, -h; adv.
CJienoH MaJibHHK. A blind boy.
cjiaflKo; comp. cjiarqe sweet
CJiaAKoe hSjioko. A
sweet apple.
CJlflmKOM adv. too

CJiaAKHH Han. Sweet tea. fig. GJiajt-

Th noemb cjiiimKOM rpoMKO. You
\

are singing too loud.

KaHyjiLiGKa. A sweet smile. <> 3to (ywx) cjiumKOM! That's
CJIEBA adv. {cf. HAJIEBO, 2) to (on)
really too much!
the left
GjieBa — OKHO, cnpaBa — ;iBepb. On CJIOBAP|b m., gen. -A dictionary, vo-
the left is a window, on the right cabulary
is a door. CJieBa ot MenH CH^eji AHPJio-pyccKHH cJiOBapb. An Eng-
MOH CTapHH j^pyr. On my left sat lish-Russian dictionary. Op^orpa-
an old friend of mine. ^uqecKHH cjiOBapb. A
spelling die-
CJIEJ^ m., pi. cjieAH tionary. Tojikobhh cjiOBapb. An
1. track. GjieflH na enery. Tracks explanatory dictionary.
on the snow. H^th no cjie;^aM. CJIOBIO neut., pi. -a
To follow in the tracks. 1. word. T^JiHHHoe cjiobo. long A
2. gen. -a trace. Cjiej^H KpacKH. word. Xopomne cjioBa. Good
Traces of paint. words.
3. fig. trace. CJie^H bohhh. The 2. speech. CBoSoAa cjiOBa. Freedom
traces of the war. of speech.
<> OcTHBHTb cjie^. To leave a 3. only sing, remark. 3aKJii0HHTejib-
trace. Hc^eanyTb 6e3 CJiefla. To dis- Hoe CJIOBO. Concluding remarks.
appear without leaving a trace. npcAOCTaBHTb CJIOBO. To give
CJIE|/^flTb, -JKy, -j^Hinb, -aht imp. the floor.
3a KCM? 3a HCM? 4. only sing. word. C^epjKaTb cjio-
1. to follow. GjieflHTb 3a ABH»eHHeM bo. To keep one's word, ^aib
CJIO 131 CME

^ecTHoe CJIO BO. To give one's HO. In some cases it is possible.

word of honour. B TOM cjiy»iae, ecjin h 3a6o-
5- word. PoMaHC na cjiosa Ilyin- JieK), SBOHHTe MHO flOMOH. In
KHHa. Romance, words by Push- case I fall ill, ring me up at
kin. home. IIh b kocm cjiy^iae. On
•<> Ho cJioBaM 6paTa. According to no account.
one's brother, PaccKaaaxb cbo- CJiy^AflHIBlfl, -an. -oe, -Me; adv.
HMH cjiOBaMH. To tell in one's own cjiy^aHHo accidental
words. BepHTb Ha cjiobo... To CJiy^aHHaa oraH6Ka. A slip, a for-
take somebody's word for... tuitous mistake.
CJiy^^aiiHO Bcxpe-
CflCJiaTb no nocjieAHeMy cjio- THTbCii. To meet by accident.
ey HayKH h tcxhhkh. To do CJiyHAlTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
something according to the last used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch imp.
word science
in and technology. c K e M?//). cJiyq|HTLCH, 1st & 2nd
B cjiOBax. In a nutshell.
jiByx pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
CJlOHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ho, short form -axcfl to happen
cJiojKGH, cjiojKHa, cji65Kh|o, -h; adv. Hto cjiyqHJiocb? What's happened?
cjiomno Go MHOH cjiyHHJiocb Hec^acTbe. /
1. complex. CJiojKHaH Mamima. A have had a misfortune.
complex machine. CJiyHflTbCH see CJiyHATbCfl
2. complicated. CjiojKHaa aafla^ia. CJiyiHAITb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp. ko-
A
complicated task. CjiojKHafl to? ^TO?
oScTanoBKa. Difficult situation. 1. to listen. BEHMaTCJibHO cjiymaxb
Bee 9T0 oieHb cjiojkho. This is MysHKy. To listen to music at-
all very complicated. tentively.
CJIOMATB see JIOMATb 2. to attend. CJiymaxb jicki^hh
CJIOMATBCH see JIOMATBCH (Kypc JieKn;Hii). To attend lec-
CJIOH m., gen. -a elephant tures (a course of lectures).
CJiyjKAIlilHfl m., gen. -ero employee 3.: H
cjiymaio! Hallo/ Yes!
CJiyjKflTb, cJiyjKy, cjiymnmb, cjiy- CJI^fflAITbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch
JKax imp. imp. Koro? n e r 6? / /?. nocjiy-
1. KOMy?neMy? to serve. GJiy- ma|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -iotch to
HtHTb Hapo^y. To serve one's obey
people. CJiyJKHTb flejiy MHpa. To Pe6eH0K He cjiymaexcH Maxepn.
serve the cause of peace. The child won't obey his mother.
2. r fl e? K e M? to serve, to work. nocjiyraaficfl Menal Listen to me!
CJiyjKHTb B apMHH. To serve in Do as I tell you!
the army. CJiyJKHTb b 6aHKe. To CJIIiinilATb, -y, -Hmb, -ax imp. ko-
work in a bank. CJiyjKHTb 3ko- to? q X 0? K 6 M? o q e m?/
'

HOMHCTOM. To work as an econ- p. ycjiMmlaxb, -y, -iimb, -ax

omist. 1. to hear. Hjioxo cjibimaxb. To
3. q e M? to be. GJiyjKiiTb npHMe- hear badly. H cjiwmy xe6a. /
poM AJiH flpypHX. To be an can hear you.
example for others. 2. to hear. Mw cJiLimaJiii o6 axoH
CJiyx m. hearing HOBocxH. We heard about that
y pe6eHKa xopomnn cjiyx. The news. Mh cJibimaJiH, ^xo oh npn-
good ear. MysMKaJib-
child has a ACT 3aBxpa. We heard that he
HHH cjiyx. A good ear for music. would come tomorrow.
CJI^HAfl m. incident CJIb'IfflHO Koro? HTO? predic.
GJiyHaii h3 h^hshh. An incident impers. (it is) heard
from life. Mne He cjitimno xeSn. / can't hear
<> HecqacTHbiH cjiy^afi. An acci- you. S^ecb xopomo cJiHrnno. One
dent. Ha BCflKHH cjiy^aii a aa- can hear well here.
HHcaji ero aflpec. / wrote down CMEJIIblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
his address just in case. B ot- CMCJi, cMeJia, CMeJi|o, -bi; adv. CMe'jio
nejibHbix cJiy^aHx aro bo3m6h<- 1. brave. Gmcjimh HeJiOBCK. A brave
9*
CME 132 CHH

man. J^eHCTBOsaTbCMeJio. To act 3. only imper. to look out. GMOxpn-

bravely. (xe), He ono3aaH(xe)l Look out,
2. jig. bold. CvieJioe pemeHHe. A don't you be late!
hold decision. GMeJiaH Hflea. A •0- CMOTpexb CBbicoKa na Koro-jiA-

hold idea. 6o. To look down on somebody.

CMGHA /. CMOTpexb cKBOSb Hajibi^bi (na ht6-
1. succession. CMena ahh h hohh. jih6o). To close one's eyes (to some-
Succession of day and night. thing).
2. fig. successors. J^exH name — CMOHb see MO^b
CMena. Children are our succes- CMYTflTbCH see (MYU\kThCR
sors. CMymAlTbCH, -embCH, -roxcH
-Focb,
3. shift. y^HTbCH B nepByio cmc- imp. /p. CMylxjHXbCH, -mycb, -XHUib-
Hy. To go to school in the first CH, -xflxcfl to be embarrassed
shift. PaSoiaTb b ^tHeBnyio CMe- Oh B;;pyr oneHb CMyxHJicH, noKpac-
Hy.To work in the day shift. HeJi. He was suddenly quite embar-
«0> npHHTH Ha CMGHy KOMy-JIH5o. rassed and flushed.
To succeed somebody.
(relieve) CMblCJI m., no pi. meaning, sense
CMEPTb CMepxH, CMepieH,
/., pi. noHHXb CMMCJi co5mxhh. To under-
CMepTHM, etc. death stand^ the meaning of events. B
<^ IlacTb cMepTbH) repofl. To die nojiHOM CMucjie cjiosa. In the true
the death of a hero. 3to Bonpoe sense of the word. B np^MOM (ne-
HCHSHH II cMepTH. This is a peHOCHOM) CMMCJie. In the literal
question of life and death. Ha- (figurative) sense. B axoM Hex
floecTb a6 cMopTH. To bore to CMHCJia. There's no sense in that.
death. Hex CMWcJia h^xh xy;^a. There is no
CMEX m., no pi. laughter sense in going there.
TpoMKHH CMex. Loud laughter. CHAHAJIA adv.
<> IIOAHflTb Ha CMBX K0r6-JIH50. 1. at first. GHa^aJia h c xpyfl6M
To make fun of somebody. noHHxMaJi pyccKyio penb. At first
CMEinH|Ofl[, -an, -6e, -we, short form I understood spoken Russian
CMemoH, CMemnla, -6, -u; adv. with difficulty.
CMeniHO 2. from the beginning. IToBxopHxe
1. funny. CMemnoH paccKaa. A fun- CHa^aJia. Repeat from the he-
ny story. ginning. Hnxanxe cnanaJia! Read
2. ridiculous. On 6hji CMemon. He from the beginning!
was ridiculous. CHEF m., prepos. o cnere & b, na
3. predic. impers. (it is) funny. cnery snow
Mee CMeniHO. It makes me laugh. GHJibHHH CHer. Heavy snow. Kpy-
CMEIIlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch roM Bce B cnery. All around is
imp. HaflKCM? naff hgm? to covered with snow. Ha cnery 6ujni
laugh BHAHM cjieflu 3BepeH. There were
Bee rpoMKO CMeaJincb. Everybody tracks of animals on the snow. Hjsj&T
laughed loudly. H cmchjich Ha;^ CJio- CHer. It is snowing. HaSt CHJibHHfi
BaMH 6paTa. / laughed at my broth- CHer. It is snowing hard.
er's words. CHflSy adv. o X K y A a? from below
CMOTP^Tb, CMOxpio, CMOTpnnib, cm6t- GMOxpexb CHHsy Bsepx. To look
pHT imp. qxo? or na KoroPna upward.
H T 6? BO
H T 6? / /). nocMOTpeTb, CHHMA|Tb, -TO, -emb, -lox imp. ko-
nOCMOTpK), nOCMOipHUIb, nOCM6TpHT r 6? H X 0?/p. CHHXb, CHHMy, CHH-
1. to look. GMOTpexb na TOBapnma. Merab, cHHMyx, past chhji, -a,
To look at a friend. GMOTp^Tb CHHJllO, -H
B OKHO. To look out of the win- 1. to take (from). GfTflXb KHnry c
dow. noJiKH. To take a book from the
2. to see. CMOxpeib $HJibM. To see shelf. GHHXb najibxo c BemaJiKH.
a film. GMOxpeTb cneKX^KJib. To To take one's coat from the peg.
see a performance. 2. to take off. GnflXb manny.
CHO 133 COB

nepHaTKH, Cotkhkh. To take off coScxBCHHOCXb. Personal property.

one's hat, gloves, boots. G66cxBeHHOCXb Ha scmjik). Owner-
3. to shoot. ChHTB KHHO$HJIbM. To ship of land.
shoot a film. COBCTBEHHIblfl, -an, oe, -ho
CHObA adv. again 1. own. C66cTBeHHHH AOM. One's
CnoBa npHmJia 3HMa. Winter came own house.
again. 2. self-. HyBCXBO coScxBCHHoro ao-
CHHTb see CHHMATb cxoHHCXBa. Self-respect.
COBAKA / dog COBb'ITHE neut. event
COBHPA|Tb, -K),-emb, -iot imp. ko- HcxopH^ecKoe coCmxhc. An histor-
to? mo? / p.co6paTb, co6ep|y, ic event. MejKAynapoAHoe coShxhg.
-emb, -yx, past coSpaJi, co6pajia, An international event. B MHpe npo-
co6paJiIo, -H HCXOAHX BaJKHLie co6hthh. Impor-
1. to collect. Co6paTb Bemn b ;i;o- tant events are taking place in the
pory. To collect one's things for world.
a journey. Co6paTb jnoAeii. To COBEPmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
assemble people. Hxo?//?. coBepmlHxb, -y, -nmb,
2. to gather. CoSpaxb ypojKaii. To -ax to perform, to accomplish
gather in the crop. GoBepmnxb noABnr. To accomplish
3. imp. to collect, CoSnpaTb a feat. GoBepmnxb nyxemecxBHe.
KHHiH, MapKH. To Collect books, To make a journey. CoBcpmnxb
stamps. GoSpaib KOJUieKUiiio, noesAKy no cxpane. To tour a coun-
6H6JiH0TeKy. To make a collec- try. GoBepmnxb npecxynjieHHO.
tion, a library. To commit a crime.
4. to put together.
CoCpaxb Moxop, COBEPmflTb see COBEPlHATb
MamHHy. To
put together an COBECTb /., no pi. conscience
engine, a machine. HHCxaH coBecxb. A clear conscience.
COBHPAlTtCH, -locb, -embCH. -ioxch ^^ Ho coBecTu roBopfl. Honestly
imp. I p. co6paxbCH, co6ep|ycb, (speaking).
-erabcfl, -yxcH, past co6pIajica, COBET^ m. advice
-ajiacb, -Jiocb, -jiHCb Oxen; a^Ji coBex CHny. The father
1. to gather. y^acxHiiKH KOH$e- gave his son a piece of advice. L(eH-
peHn,HH co6paJiHCb b saJie. Those HLiH coBex. Valuable advice. Bjiaro-
taking part in the conference Aapaxb 3a coBex. To thank for ad-
gathered in the hall. CoSnpaiox- vice. OSpaxHXbCH aa coBexoM k cne-
CH xyHH. Clouds are gathering. n,HaJiHCxy. To turn to a specialist
2. to decide, to intend. Mh co- for advice. En He HyjKHbi Bamn co-
6pajiHCb noHXH na BbicxaBKy. We Bexbil She doesn't need your advice/
decided to go to the exhibition. C0BET2 m. council, Soviet
COBPAHHE neut. BepxoBHHU GoBex CGCP. The Su-
1. meeting. TopHtecxBennoe co6pa- preme Soviet of the USSB. CoBex
HHe. A ceremonial meeting. Ha- MHHHCxpoB.T/ie Council of Ministers.
th Ha co6paHHe. To go to a COBET|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT
meeting. HpHcyxcxBOBaxb na imp. K M y? + i^f- I P- nocoBe-
co6paHHH. To be present at a x|0Baxb, -yio, -yemb.'-yiox to advise
meeting. CoSpaHne coctohxch bo GoBexyio BaM npo^Hxaxb axy khh-
BxopHHK. The meeting takes / advise you to read this book.
ry.
place on Tuesday. COBETIOBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembca,
2. collection. Go6paHHe coHHHeHHH. -yioxcH imp. c KeM?/p. nocoBe-
A collection of works. xIoBaxbCF, -yiocb, -yembCH, -yioxcH
COBPATB COBHPATB
see to ask advice
COBPATBCH COBMPATBCH
see GOBeXOBaXbCH c pOAHTeJIHMH. To
COBCTBEHHOCTB /., no pi. property ask advice from one's parents.
rocyAapcxBCHHafl codcxBeHHOcxb. COBETCKIHtt, -an, -oe, -ne
State property. Hacxnan coCcxBen- 1. Soviet. GoBexcKaa BJiacxb. Soviet
Hocxb. Private property. JiHHHaH power. CoBexcKoe npaBHxeJibCXBO.
COB 134 C03

The Soviet Government. Co- corjiacHjicfl c xeM, hxo oh cKasaJi

BexcKHH CoK)3. The Soviet MHe. / agreed with what he told
Union. me.
2. Soviet. GoBexcKHe aaBOflU. Soviet COrJIAIIIEHHE neut. agreement
plants. GoBexcKHe cneii;HaJiHC- ToproBoe corJiameHHe. trade A
Tti. Soviet specialists. GoBex- agreement. 3aKJiK)qHXb corjiaraeHHe
CKafl HayKB. Soviet science. c ApyrHMH cxpanaMH. To conclude
COBEII^AHHE neut. conference an agreement with other countries.
GoBemaene rjiaB npaBHxejiBcxB. A «^ IIpQUTH K corjiameHHio. To
conference of the heads of States. come to an agreement.
y^acxBOBaxb b coBemaeHH. To take COrPETb see TPETb
part in a conference. IIpHcyxcxBO- CO/HEPHCAHHE neut., no pi. contents
BaxB ua coBentaHHH. To be present PaccKaaaxb coAep?KaHHe KHnrn. To
at a conference. tell the contents of a book.
COBPATb see BPATb COEAHHaXb see COEAHHflTb
COBPEMEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He mod- COE J^HHfi[TbCfl see COEAHHUTbCH
ern COEAHHUlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
CoBpeMeHHoe ncKyccxBO. Modern Hxo? c TCM?//?. coeAHH|iixb, -i6,
art. GoBpeMeHHaa xexHHKa. Mod- -limfe -fix
ern technology. GoBpeMeHHEin npo- 1. to connect, to link. Goe;^HHHXb
MwmjiGHHHH ropoA- A modern in- ABa ropo^a HteJieanoH floporoH.
dustrial city. To connect two cities by a rail-
COBCEM adv. way.
1. quite. Oh cobcgm MaJieHLKHH. He 2. to combine. Goe^HHtixb xeopHio
is quite small. c npaKXHKOH. To combine theo-
2. in negative constructions not at all. ry with practice.
Th cobcgm He yMeenib njiasaxb. COEAHHIIlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers.
You cannot swim at all. not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -loxcfl
C0BX03 m. state farm imp. I p. coeAHH|iixbCH, 1st & 2nd
HepeAOBOH coBxoa. A
foremost state- pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch,
farm. /^HpeKxop
coBxoaa. The -HXCH to join together, to unite
director of a state farm. ApMHH coeAHHHJiHCb Ha paccsexB.
COrJiACEH, corjiacH|a, -o, -h short The armies joined together at dawn.
adj. HpoJiexapHH Bcex cxpan, cogah-
1. na ^x6? ready, fl corjiacen HHHxecb! Workers of the world,
exaxb BMecxe. / am ready to go unite!
with you. Oh corJiacen na Bce. C03Ji;A|BATb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.
He is ready for anything. n X o?/p. coa^axb, cosAaM, cosAamb,
2. c K
M? c H e M? agreeable, fl
e C03Aacx, C03AaAHM, co3AaAHTe, co-
corJiacen cBaMH. / agree with 3AaAyT, past coaAaJi, co3AaJia, c6-
you. Mh He corjiacHu c xbohm 8AaJi|o, -n to create
MHOHHeM. We don't agree with Co3Aaxb HOByio xeopHFO. To create
your opinion. H corjiacna. / a new theory. Co3Aaxb xoporane
agree. ycJiOBHH jj,Jifi pa66xH[. To provide
COrjIACflTbCH see COrJIAfflAXbC/I good conditions for work.
COrJlAinA|TbCfl, -locb, -embcfl, -roxcH C03/^AIBATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
imp. c KeM? c hom? &-}- inf./ used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl imp. /
p. corJialCHXbCfl, -raycb, -cnmbCH, p. co3AaxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not
-CflXCfl used, 3rd pers. C03AacxcH, co3Aa-
1. to agree. Oh corJiaciiJiCH bu- Ayxcfl to be created
noJiHHXb 3xy pa66xy. He agreed Go3Aai6xcH HOBbie njiaHH. New
to do that work. plans are created. Go3AaJi6cb cepbea-
2. to agree. GorJiacHXbCH c xoBa- Hoe noJiOHtCHHe. A
serious situa-
pnmeM. To agree with a friend. tion has been created.
GorjiacHXbCH c upejiJiomeBUQM. C03J^ATb see C03AABATb
To agree to a proposal, fl COS^ATbCH C03^ABATbCH
see
€03 135 COP

C03HAHHE neut. (symbol of hosj)itality). Bcxpe-

1. consciousness. noTepaxb coana- qaxfa xjieSoM-cojibH). To welcome
HHe. To lose consciousness. Bhtl somebody with bread and salt.
6e3 cosnaHHH. To be unconscious. B HeM 3Aecb cojib? What's the
2. philos. consciousness. Bhthc point?
onpeAeJiaex cosHaHne. Being COMHEBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -roxcH
determines consciousness. imp. K M? B H e M? to doubt
B
3. understanding, sense. GosHaHHe GoMHeBaxbCH b ycnexe. To doubt
AOJira. Sense of duty. one's success. He coMHCBaxbCH b
C03HATEJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He; fl;pyre. Not to doubt one's friend.
adv. cosHaxejibHo Mh He coMHeBaeMCH, hxo bh bhhoji-
1. conscientious. CosHaiejibHoe ot- HHxe 3xy 3a;^aqy. We have no doubt
HonieHHe k paSoxe. A
conscientious that you will carry out this task.
attitude to one's work. Goana- COH m., gen. cna
xejibHHH qejiOBeK. conscien- A 1. only sing, sleep. Oh cnnx Kpen-
tious person. khm chom. He is fast asleep. Oh
2. deliberate. Oh CAeJiaji axo co- yjiH5aJiCH bo one. He smiled in
3HaxejibHo. He did it deliberate- his sleep.
ly- 2.dream. H BHfl;eji bo one cBoero
COflTia see CXOJSj/lTh^ xoBapH^^a. / dreamt of my
COflxnCb see CXOJSfiJhCH friend. Euy cnnjiHCb xopomHe
COJIJ^AT m., gen. pi. cojiAax soldier chh. He had pleasant dreams.
CMeJiHH cojiflax. A courageous sol- COOBmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
dier. OxpH;^ cojTAax. A detachment H X 0? K O M y? O K 6 M? O
of soldiers. ^eM?//>. coo6ni;|HXb, -y, -limb, -ax
COJlEHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He to report
1. salt. CojieuHH cyn. Salt soup. G006ffliHXb HOBOCXH ;^py3bHM. To
2. salted. Cojienbie orypuH. Salted tell the news to one's friends. Tase-
cucumbers. XH coo6n;aK)x o6 ycnemnoM bhhoji-
COJinaAPHOCTb /., only sing, soli- HeuHH njiana. The newspapers re-
darity port the successful fulfilment of the
CojiHflapHOCXb xpyAflni;HXCH Bcex plan. Ho paAHO coo6m,iijiH, hxo
cxpau. Solidarity of the workers of HainH cnopxcMCHH Bbicxynnjin yc-
the world. nemno. The radio reported that our
COJIHEHHlMfl, -an, oe, -ne sportsmen had achieved good suc-
1. sun, solar. CoJiHe^HHH CBex.
Sunlight. ConneHHaH cncxeMa. COOBmEHHE neut.
The solar system. GoJineqHoe 1. announcement, communication
aaxMenne. An eclipse of the sun. BaJKHoe cooSmenne. An impor-
2. sunny. CoJiHennHH A^Hb. sun- A tant announcement (communica-
ny day. tion). ^eJiaxb cooCmenne. To
COJlHUjE [coH^e] neut. make an announcement.
1. Sun. Ox BcMJiH jio CojiHua 2. communication. ITyxn coo6n^e-
CXO HHXbAeCHX MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO- HHH. Ways of communication.
MexpoB. It's 150 million kilome- IIpHMoe coo6n;eHHe. A through
tres from the Earth to the Sun. service.
2. sun. GojiHue CBexnx apKO. The COOBmflTb see COOBmAXb
sun is shining brightly. COnPOTHBJIEHHE neut., no pi. resist-
3. sun. JleJKaxb na cojiHue. To lie ance
in the sun. 0Ka3axb conpoxEBjienne npoxHB-
COJIB /. HHKy. To offer resistance to the
1. only sing. salt. Xjie5 c coJibio. enemy.
Bread and salt. COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi.
2. salt. GoJiH KaJibUHH. Calcium 1. emulation.
salts. 2. competition. GnopxHBHHe copeB-
^ Xjie6-C0Jib. Bread and sa\t HOBaHHH. Sports competition.
COP 136 coq

CopeBHOBaHHH no jiHH«aM. Skiing COCTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
VHacTBOBaTL b co-
competition. 3rd pers. -hx, -ax imp.
peBHOBaHHHX. To take part in a 1. H 3 K o r 6? H 3 H e r 6? to con-
competition. sist. OpneCTp COCXOHX H3 H3-
COPEBHIOBATBCH, -yrocB, -yemb- BecxHHX MysHKanxoB. The or-
Cfl, -yiOTCH imp. c k e m? c q e m? chestra consists of well-known
to emulate, to compete musicians.
Ham saBofl copeBHyeicH c coce^- 2. B HCM? to consist in. SaAaqa
HHM npe^npHHTHeM. Our plant com- COCXOHX B XOM, hx66h 6wcxpo
petes with a nearby enterprise. OBJia^exb nepe^oBUMH Mexo^aMH.
COCE/^ m., pi. -H, -en neighbour The task is to quickly master
J^pyH{HHe coceAH. Friendly neigh- progressive methods.
bours. COCTOlHTbCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not
COCEJ^HIHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne neigh- used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch p. to
bouring, adjoining take place
CoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoining CoSpaHHe cocxoHJiocb b sajie. The
room. CoceflHHe j^epeBHH. Neigh- meeting took place in the hall. JleK-
bouring villages. n,Hfl He COCXOHXCH H3-3a 6oJie3HH
COCHA /., pi. cocHW, cocen pine-tree JieKxopa. The lecture will not take
BwcoKaH cocea. A tall pine-tree. plac^ owing to the lecturer's illness.
<> 3a6jiyAHTbCH b xpex cocHax
(proverb). Cf. To lose one's way in
COCymECTBOBAHHE neut., no pi.
co-existence
broad daylight.
MiipHoe cocy^^ecxBOBaHHe. Peace-
COCTAB m. composition
ful co-existence.
CocxaB KOMaH;;u. The composition
COCHHTATb see C^HXATb, 1
of a team.
b cocTaae dhth
C0T|HH /., hundred
gen. pi. -en
<> J^eJierai^HH
CoxHH JiiOACH npnmJiH na njio-
qejiOBCK. A five-member delegation.
n5aAb. Hundreds of people came to
COCTABHTb see COCTABJiHTb the square. Tpn coxhh py6;ieH.
COCTAB JlUlTb, -K), -emt, -k)t imp.
Three hundred roubles.
VlT 07 / p. COCTalBHTb, -BJIH), -BHmb,
-BHT COXPAHflTbCH see COXPAHHTbCH
1. to make CocxaBHTb enncoK
(up). COXPAHHlTbCfl, & 2nd pers. not
1st
yqaCTHHKOB. To make a list of used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -ioxch imp.f
participants. CocTaBHTb Kaxajior p. coxpanlnxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not
KHHr. To make a book cata- used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch
logue. 1. to be preserved. Cxapan Kapxii-

2. to form. CocxaBHXb onpe^eJieH- Ha xopomo coxpannjiacb. The

Hoe MHCHHe. To form a definite old picture was well preserved.
opinion. H6jiokh xopomo coxpannjiHCb b
<> CocxaBHTb KOMnaHHIO KOMy-Jlfl- HffliHKe. The apples had kept
6o (colloq.). To keep somebody com- well in the box.
pany to survive. HeKOxopwe cxapwe
2.

COCTOHHHE neut., no pi. o6HqaH coxpaniijiHCb ^o nanrax

1. condition. SKonoMimecKoe cocxo- AHCH. Some old customs have
HHHe cxpanu. The economic survived up to our time.
situation in a country. BojibHOH C0l|HAJlfl3M m., no pi. socialism
B XHJKCJiOM cocxOHHHH. The pa- CO^HAJlHCTfiHECK|Hfl, -an,] -oe,
tient is in a critical condition. -He
GocxoflHHe ^eji. The state of af- 1. socialist. CoiinajiHCXH^ecKaH pe-
fairs. BOJiK>n;HH. The socialist revolu-
2. fortune. Kpynnoe cocxoAHHe, tion. Coi^HajiHCXHHecKHe cxpaHH.
A large fortune. The socialist countries.
^ H He B cocTOHHHH npo^ojiHcaTb 2. socialist. ConinajiHcxHiecKoe ox-
pasroBop. / am unable to con- HomeHHe k xpy^y. A
socialist at-
tinue our conversation. titude to work.
COI^ 137 cno

COIi;HAJIBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He night. KpeuKO cnaTb. To sleep

1. social. Coi^HajibHoe nojioweHHe. soundly.
Social status. <> Oh cnaji, KaK y5HTbiH. He slept
2. social. Coi^HaJiBHan peB0Jii6i;HH. like a log.
A social revolution. CoanaJitHHe CHEKTAKJIb m. show
ped[)6pMH. Social reforms. HnxepecHWH cneKTaKJib. An inter-
COHHHEHHE neut. estXng show. TejieBHSHOHHHH cneK-
1. work. EoJiHoe coSpanne co^h- TaKJib. A
television show. CneK-
HGHHH A. G. EyniKHHa. The TaKJib BoJibmoro TeaTpa. Bolshoi A
complete works of A. S. Pushkin. Theatre show. ITpHcyTCTBOBaTb na
2. composition. CoHnneHHe o TBop- cneKTaKJie. To be present at a show.
HecTse IlymKHHa. A
composi- CHETb see HETb
tion on Pushkin's works. HanH- CnEIi;HAJIbHOCTb /. profession,
caTfc co^HHeHHG Ha AaHHyio speciality
TBMy. To write a composition HyjKHaa cnennaJibHOCTb. neces- A
on a given subject. sary profession. PejiKaa cnennajib-
COI03 m. HOCTb. A
rare profession. On no-
1. union. Coiob paConnx h Kpec- cnemnajibHOCTH unyKenep. He is an
TbHH. The union of workers and engineer by profession.
peasants. CHEUiHAjIbHiblfl, -an, -oe,-ue;adv.
2. alliance. BoennHH coioa. A mili- cnennaJibHO
tary alliance. 1. special. CnennaJibHaH oji,emjia.
3. union. G0163 CoBexcKHX CoijHa- Special clothes.
JiHCTHHecKHX Pecny6jiHK. The 2. professional. CnennaJibnoe 06-
Union of Soviet Socialist Re- pa30BaHHe. Professional training.
publics. 3. special. Oh c;i;ejiaJi aio cue-
4. union. IIpo^eccHOHajiBHHH cok)3. i;HaJibHO AJiH MeHH. He did that
A trade union. specially for me.
CnAjIjbHH /., gen. pi. -en bedroom CIIEiniflTb, -y, -Hmb, -aT imp. k y a a>
CnACA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko- & + inf.
to? HTO? OT Koro? OT Hcro? 1. to hurry. CnemHTb j^OMon. To-
or KOMy? HTO?/jD. cnaclTH, -y, hurry home. On cnemiiJi nanii-
-emb, -yx, past cnac, -Jia, -J16, -jih caTb poAHTejiflM cBOHx BnenaT-
to save JieHHHx. He was in a hurry to-
Bpaq cnac JKHSHb SojibHOMy. The write to his parents about his
doctor saved the patient's life. impressions.
CnACAlTbCH, -locb, -embCH, -iotch 2. to gain, to be fast, ^acbi cne-
imp. OT Koro? or Her 6?/ p. maT na 5 Mnnyx. The clock is^
cnac|THCb, -ycb, -embca, -yxcH, 5 minutes fast.
past cnac|cH, -Jiacb, -jiocb, -jincb CIIHHA /., ace. cmrny; pi. cnMHM back
to save oneself, to escape JlejKaTb na cnnne. To lie on one's^
JlexqHK e^Ba cnaccH ot CMepxH. back. Oh ctohji cnnnoH k HaM. He
The flyer barely escaped death. stood with his back to us. y;].ap b
JKniejiH cnacajiHCb ot sparoB b Jie- cnnny. A
stab in the back.
cy. The inhabitants fled from the CnflClOK m., gen. -Ka list
enemy to the forest. Chhcok y^eHUKOB. list of the A
CHACflBO thank you pupils. GocTaBHTb CHHCOK. To make
CoacnSo 3a nncbMO. Thank you for a list.
the letter. CnacH6o 3a coseT. Thank CnflqiKA f., gen. pi. -en match
you for your advice. BoJibmoe cna- SaJKGHb cHH^Ky. To light a match.
ch6oI Thank you very much indeed! Kop66Ka CHHHeK. box of mat- A
CHACTfl see CHACAXb
CHACTfiCb see CHACATbCH Cn0K(3flH|bin, -aH, -oe, -He, short
CIIATb, cnJiK), cnnmb,
cuht, past form CHOKoen, cnoKOHHla, -o, -h;
cnaji, -a, cnan|o, -h imp. to sleep adv. CHOKOHHO
CnaTb BCK) HO^b. To sleep the whole 1. quiet. CnoKOHHafl peKa. A quiet
 . .

cno 138 CPA

river. GTOflXb chokohho. To CnPAfflHBAITb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

stand quietly. Ghahtg cookohho! Koro? KOM? He m?/
Sit still/ p. cnpocHXb, cnpomy, cnpocnmb,
2. serene, tranquil. CnoKOHnaH cnpocHX to ask
yjinSKa. A serene smile. Gno- y^Hxejib cnpocHJi yqennKa. The
KOHHafl 5KH3HI.. A
quiet life. teacher asked a pupil, CnpamnBaxb
CnoKOHHHH HeJiOBeK. calm A o s^opoBbe. To ask after somebody's
person. GnoKOHHHH xapaKiep. health.
An even temper. CnPOCflTb see CnPAmHBATb
<> CnoKOUHOii Hoqa! Good night/ CnPHTATb see HPHTATb
CnOP|HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HT imp. o CnPHTATbCH see HPHTATbCH
KOM? O HGM? C KeU? / p. UO- CnyCKA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -k)xch
CnOplHTb, -K), -HinB, -HT to afguc im,p. Ky^a? oxKy^a?/ p. cnyc-
GnopHTb c TOBapnn^eM o KHitre. To xHTbCH, cnymycb, cnycxHmbcn,
have an argument with a friend cnycxHxcH to descend
about a book. CnycxHXbCH c ropn. To descend
CnOPT m., no pi. sport from the mountain. CnycxHXbCH no
JIhjkhuh cnopx. Skiing. Bmjxa. jiecxHHue c xpexbero axaJKa na nep-
cnopTa. Kinds of sport. SannMaxb- BHH. To go downstairs from the
CH cnopxoM. To go in for sport. secoftd floor to the ground floor.
CnOPTflBHILlH, -an, -oe, -He sports GnycKaxbCH na JiH(|)xe. To go down
CnopxHBHaH njioma^Ka. A sports in the lift.
ground. GnopxHBHbiH kocxiom. A CnyCTflTbCil see CnYCKATbCH
sports costume. GnopxHBHbie copeB-
HOBaHHH. Sports competitions.
CnyXHHK m.
1. companion, fellow-traveller. Moh
CnOCOB m. way, method
cnyxHHK 6hji BpanoM. My com-
Gn6co6 npnroxoBJieHHH jieKapcxBa.
panion was a doctor.
The method of making up a medicine.
HaHj^Hxe KaK6u-HJi6yjih cnocoS
2. satellite. Jlyna —
cnyxnnK 3eM-
JiH. The Moon is the Earth's sat-
BcxpexHXbCH c HHM. Find a way
ellite. HcKyccxBeHHHH cnyxHHK.
of meeting him.
CnOCOBHOCTb K ^eMy? An artificial satellite. Sanycxnxb
/.
cnyxHHK. To launch a satellite.
1. ability. IlocJie panenHH oh no-
Ehbccxh cnyxHHK na opGnxy.
xepHJi cnocoSnocxb jjEPiraxbCH.
To put a satellite in orbit. Ha-
After being wounded he lost t/ie
6Jii0AeHHe 3a cnyxHHKOM. Track-
ability to move.
ing a satellite.
2. usu. pi. aptitude. Y
nero 6oJib-
miie chocoShocxh k MaxeMaxHKe. CPABHEHHE neut.
He has a great aptitude for 1. comparing. CpaBHenne flByx
mathematics HBJieHHH, flByx JiK);teH. Compar-
CnOCOBHILIfl, -an, -oe, -He capable ing two phenomena two people. y

CoocoShhh lOHOina. A capable 2. simile. Jlnxepaxypnoe cpaBne-

youth.
CnPABA adv. {cf. HAHPABO, 2) on
(to) the right
MoH cxyji cxoHx cnpaBa. chair
is on the right. CnpaBa ox jioua.
HaxoAHXCH KHHOxeaxp. To the right
of the house is a cinema.
CnPABEAJIfiBlLlfl, -an, -oe, He,
short form cnpaBejjJiHB, -a, -o, -h;
adv. cnpaBe;^jiHBO just
GnpaBe/lJiHBHH nejiOBeK. just
person. CnpaBe^JinBoe pemenHe.
just decision. Ilocxynaxb cnpaBe;^-
JiHBO. To act justly.
nne. A
simile.
<> Ho cpaBHeHHio... c KeM? c
HeM? Compared with.,. Ho cpas-
My HeHOIO C TCM, qTO fl BH^eJI
paHbme, ropoj]^ oqeeb naMeHHJiCH.
Compared with what I saw before,
the city has changed a lot.
CPABHHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp.
Koro? qTO?cKeM?CHeM?/
p. CpaBH|HXb, -K), -Hmb, -HT
A 1. to compare. CpaBHHXb itn^pH.
A To compare figures. CpaBHHXb
flBa HBJieHHH. To compare two
phenomena
CPA 139 CTA

2. to compare. CpasHHTb noBepx- 3x0 e;^HHCXBeHHoe cpe;^cxBol This

HOCTb BOJXU C aepKBJIOM. To is the only remedy!
compare the surface of the water CPOK m. time
to a mirror. G^ejiaxb pa66xy b cpOK. To do the
CPABHflTb see CPABHHBATb work in time. Bee cpoKH npomjin.
CPAsy adv. immediately All time limits have passed.
Oh cpaay noHHJi. He understood CPOHHIblH, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. cpoq-
immediately. Mh ymjiH cpasy no- HO urgent
cjie o6ejs,8L. We left immediately af- GpoHHoe coo6n];eHHe. An urgent
ter dinner. communication. Yexaxb no cpoHHO-
CPEj^A^M pl- cpe^Bi, cpen, cpe;taM, etc. My AGJiy- To go away on urgent
1. medium. BosAymnaH cpe^a. Air business. GpoHHO yexaxb. To leave
medium. at once. Gpo^Haa xejierpaMMa. An
2. only sing, surroundings. OKpy- urgent telegram.
JKaK)I^aflcpeJ^a. Surroundings. Oh CCOPIHTbCH, -locb, -nmbCH, -hxch
BocHHTLiBaJicH B paSoHeH cpe;te. imp. C KBM? / p. noccoplHXbCH,
He was brought up in work- -locb, -nmbcfl, -HXCH to quarrel
ing-class surroundings. He HaAO ccdpnxbCH. You shouldn't
CPEAA2 /., ace. cpefly; pl. cpeflH, quarrel. IIoccopHXbCH c xoBapnmeM.
cpeA, cpe^aM, etc. Wednesday To quarrel with a friend.
Cer6;^HH cpe^a. Today is Wednes- CTA|BHTb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -bhx imp.
day. JleKDiHH HHTaiOTCfl HO cpeAaM. Koro? Hxo? Kyjia? /p. nocxal-
Lectures are delivered on Wednes- BHXb, -BJIK), -BHmb, -BHX
days. B cpe^y npHJieTHT nama 1. to put. GxaBHXb cxaKan na cxoji.
cnopxHBHafl flejierauHH. Our sports To put a glass on the table. Ho-
delegation arrives on Wednesday. cxaBHXb uBexu b BOjiy. To put
CFE^Vi. prep. -\- gen. flowers in water. IIocxaBHXb khh-
1. in middle of. ^om ctohji
the rn Ha Mecxo. To put the books
cpefl;H The house was in
Jieca. in their place.
the middle of the forest. Cpeji;H 2. to give. GxaBHXb oxMexny. To
HOHH paB^ajiCfl 3boh6k. A bell give a mark.
rang in the middle of the night. 3. to make. GxaBHxb ohmxh. To
2. among. CpeAH CTy/neHiOB 6hji make experiments.
MOH flpyr. Among the students 4. to set. IIocxaBHXb saAany nepej^
was my friend. PaSoxa cpe^H KOJiJiCKXHBOM. To set a task be-
MOJio^ejKH. Work among youth. fore a collective.
CP£AH|Hfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ho 5. to stage. GxaBHXb nbecy. To
1. middle. Gpej^nee okho. The mid- stage a play.
dle window. <^ IIocTaBHTb peKopA- To set up
2. medium. ^eJioseK cpeAuero poc- a record. CxaBHTb p,MarH03. To
xa. A person of medium height. diagnose. CxaBHTb ycjiOBiia ko-
3. fig. average. Cpe/^nne cnoc66- My-JiH6o. To lay down terms to
HOCXH. Average abilities. somebody. IIocTaBHTb Kor6-JiH5o
<> CpeAHHH mKOJia.^ Secondary B TpyflHoe nojiOH«eHiie. To place
school. nojiy^HTb cpe^Hee o5pa- somebody in an embarrassing situ-
soBaHHe. To get secondary edu- ation.
>cation. Gpe^Hne BSKa. The Mid- CTAJJHOH m. stadium
dle Ages. HoBHH cxa^HOH. A new stadium,
CPEACTBO neut. GopeBHOBaHHH cocxoaxcH Ha cxa-
1. means. GpeflcxBa nponsBOACXBa. AHOHe. The competition will take
The means of production. Gpejt- place at the stadium.
cTBa nepeji;BHjKeHHfl. Means of CTAKAH m. glass
transportation. HncxbiH cxaKaH. A
clean glass. Gxa-
2. method; remedy. HoBHe cpe^- Kan MOJiOKa. A
glass of milk.
cxBa jie^eHHH Sojicshh. New CTA Jib /. steel
methods of treating a disease. Rom H3 cxaJiH. A knife made of
 . .

CTA 140 CTH

steel. BapHTb ciaJib. To found FJiyGoKaH cxapocxb. Extreme old

steel. age. B cxapocxH. In one's old age.
CTAJlbHlOfl, -an, -6e, -ue B cxapocxH OH cxaji hjioxo cjih-
1. steel. CTaJibHOH nom. A steel maxb. -4s he grew old, his hearing
knife. became poor.
2. steel(y). CiaJifcHOH i;BeT. Steel CTAPyXA /. old woman
colour. CTAPffllHfl, -an, -ee, -ne
3. fig-: CTajiBHan bojih. Cf. An iron 1. elder, eldest. Moh cxapman ce-
will. cxpa — BpaH. My elder (eldest)
CTAHOBflTbCfl, cxaHOBJiiocb, ciaHo- sister is a doctor. Y hhx xpa
BHnibCH, CXaHOBHTCfl imp. KCM? cwna. CxapmHH paSoxaex na aa-
K a K li M? / p. cxalTb, -ny, -nemb, Bo^e, cpeflHHH yqnxcH b mKO-
-Hyx Jie, a MJiaAHiHH xo^hx b jibt-
1. to stand. Cxaxb y ABepen, cxaxb CKHH caA. They have three sons.
K ;;BepflM, cxaxb k cxanKy. To The eldest works at a plant, the
stand at the entrance, to take up middle one goes to school and the
a position near the door, to take youngest goes to the kindergarten,
one's place at the lathe. 2. senior. Cxapmufi HayHHwii co-
2. only p. to stop. Hacw cxaJiH. The xpyflHHK. A
senior research asso-
clock has stopped. 4tiate.
3. to become. Oh cxaji HnmenepoM. CTAPjblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form
He became an engineer. Ilorona cxap, cxapa, cxapjo, -li
craHOBHjiacb xojioahoh . The 1. old. CxapuH tiejioBCK. An old
weather was getting cold. CxaJio person. Osa oqenb cxapa. She
xeMHO. It became dark. is very old. Cxapoe ^epeBO. An
4. only p. 4- inf. to start. cxa- Mh old tree.
JiH nexb. We
started singing. 2. old. Cxapoe najibxo. An old
5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c hhm overcoat
cxaJio noxoM? What became of 3. old. CxapuH jipyr. ylw oZd friend.
him afterwards? 4. old. CxapuH oSwHaH. old An
<> Bo qxo 6bi TO HH cxajio. By custom
all means. CTATb see CTAHOBflTbCfl
CTAH|OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool, CTAT|b}l /., gen. pi. -en article
lathe FaaexHaH cxaxbrf. A newspaper ar-
ToKapHHH cxanoK. A lathe. Pa66- ticle. HanHcaxb cxaxbio. To write
xaxb Ha HOBOM cxaHKe. To work at an article.
a new machine-tool. CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxeKJia, cxeKOJi.
CTAHI^Hfl /. cxeKJiaM, etc.
1. station. Cxani^Hfl Mexpo. An 1. glass. npoapa^Hoe ctckjio. Trans-
underground station. >KAciTb na parent glass.
cxaHHHH. To wait at a station. 2.pane. Pa36Hxb cxckjio b okhb.
2. exchange. Tejie^oHuafl cxanr^HH To break a window-pane.
A
telephone exchange. CTEKJiHHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we glass
CTAPAjTbCH, -K)cb, -embCfl, -ioxch CxeKJiHHHaH flBepb. A glass door.
imp. -{-inf./ p. nocxapa|xbCH, -locb, CTEHA /., cxeHy, pi.
ace. cxenu^
-embCH, -IOXCH cxcH, cxenaM, etc. wall
1. to try. y
Hero ne Bcer^a Bce CTEPETb see CTHPAXbi
xopomo noJiy^aexcH, xoxh oh CTHPA|Tbi, -K). -emb, -lox imp.
OHCHb exapaexcH. He doesn't Hxo? H e M? / j5). cxepexb, coxp|y^
always succeed in everything, -erab, -yx, past cxep, -Jia, -Jio, -jih
though he tries hard. to wipe off, to rub off, to erase
2. to try. Oh cxapaJicn bheojihexb CxHpaxb xprinKOH c flocKi'r. To
pa66xy b cpoK. He tried to do clean the blackboard with a duster.
the work in time. Cxepexb nujib co cxojia. To dust
CTAPflK m., gen. -a old man the table. Cxepexb HanifcaHHoe. To
CTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age erase what has been written.
 . s

CTH 141 CTP

<> CxepeTb c aaqa aeMjiH ito-jih- CTOPOHA /., ace. CTopony; pi. cto-
60. To raze something to the poHH, CTopoH, cTopoHaM, etc side .

ground HpaBafl CTopoHa. The right-hand

-emb, -iot, imp. side. G JieBOH CTOpoHM. From the
CTHPAlTb'', -K),
left-hand side. Ha fl;pyr6H CTopoHe
HTO? n&VL>lp. BMCTHpa|Tb, -K),
-emb, -K)T to wash yjiHUiH. On the opposite side of the
BHCTHpaTb 6ejibe. To wash the lin- street. Go Bcex cTOpOH. On all sides.
en. PyKaMH cTHpaxb xpyjiHO. IV CTO|HTb, -16, -limb, -HT imp. r J^ e?
1. to stand. HejioBeK ctoht y ok-
difficult to do the washing by hand.
Ha. The man is standing at the
CTHXfl pi. poetry
window.
Gthxh nyniKHHa. Pushkin's poetry.
C56pHHK CTHXOB. A Collection of 2. to stand, to be (situated). Gtoji
poetry. YnHTb cthxh HanaycTb. To
CTOHT B KOMHare. The table stands
in the room. J^om ctohji Ha 6e-
learn poetry by heart.
pery peKH. The house stood on
CTHXOTBOPEHHE neut. poem the riverbank. HapHJK ctoht na
CTHXOTBOpeHHe MaHKOBCKOrO. A Gene. Paris is situated on the
poem by Mayakovsky. JlnpHHecKoe Seine.
CTHXOTBOpeHHe. A
lyrical poem.
3. to be. Gtoht xopoman noro^a.
CTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, The weather is fine.
3rd pers. -ht, -ht imp. 4. to face. Eepe;]; HaMH ctoht Ba>K-
1. to cost. Kmira ctoht 5 pyGjiefl.
Hbie npoSJieMW. Important prob-
The book costs 5 roubles. BnjieT lems face us.
ctoht jjp'poTO. The ticket is ex-
5. to stand (still). HacH ctoht. The
pensive.
watch has stopped. Hoes^ ctoht.
2. impers. is worth. He ctoht mchh The train is standing still.
6jiaroAapHTb There's nothing to
<> CTOflTb BO rjiase qero-JiHSo. To
.

thank me for. 3to ctoht hocmo- be at the head something.

of
TpeTb! It is worth seeing! CTOHTb y BJiacTH. To be in power.
«0» Hrpa He ctoht cBei (proverb). CTP AH A /., pi. CTpaHH
The game is not worth the
1. land. Mofl po/tnaH cTpana. My
candle. native land. K>muhie CTpaHH.
CTOJI m., gen. -a table Southern lands.
GecTb 3a CTOJI. To sit down to
CTpanti JlaTimcKOH
2. country.
table. GH;^eTb 3a ctojiom. To sit at
AMepHKH. The countries of Lat-
the table. BcraTb H3-3a CTOJia. To America.
in
rise from the table. niiCbMeHHbiH The cardinal
<> CxpaHbi CBeTa.
CTOJI. A desk. points.
CTOJItmA /. capital (city) CTPAHfll^A /.page
JI^peBHHH cTOJiHD;a. The ancient cap- B KHHie 100 CTpaHiin;. There are
ital. riapHJK —
CTOjiHHa (DpaHn,HH. 100 pages in the book.
Paris is the capital of France. <> Ha cTpaHiin,ax HjypnaJia. In the
CTOJIOBIAfl /., gen. -oh columns of the magazine.
1. dining-room. S^ecb y nac cto- CTPAHHlblfl, -aH, -oe, -ue; adv.
jiOBafl, a HanpaBO ^Bepb b — CTpaHHO strange
KyxHH). This is our dining-room GTpaHHaa ^nrypa. A strange figure.
and on the right is the door to GTpaHHHH B3rJiflA- ^ strange
the kitchen. look. 3to OHeub cTpanno. It is

2.dining-hall, canteen. CTyAenqec- very strange.

Kan CTOJiOBan. A
students' canteen. CTPAX m. fear
CTOJILKO adv. J\^omdiTh OT CTpaxa. To quake with
1. SO many, so much. CKOJibKO fear.
jiiOAeH, cTOJibKO xapaKTepoB. Gf. CTPAmHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
So many people, so many minds. CTpamHO
2. such a lot. Oh ctojibko c/^ejiajil 1. terrible. GTparanafl HCTopHH. A
He's done such a lot! terrible story.
 '

CTP 142 cyM

2. colloq. awful. CTpamnafl 6oJib. CXy^EHT m. student

An awful pain. 3x0 cxpamno Cxy;;eHx 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-year
HHxepecHOl JVs awfully inter- student.
esting! CXyjI m., pi cxyjibH, cxyjibCB chair
3. adv.^ predic. impers.
(to be) af- Cecxb Ha cxyji. To sit down on a
raid. Mne cxpaiiiHO. / am afraid. chair.
CTPEJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -k)x imp. b CXyHIATb, -y, -Hmb, -fix imp. bo
K r 6? BO H X 6? to shoot Hxo? no HCMy? ^eM?//?. no-
Cxpejiflxb B ^eJlb. To shoot at a cxyq|axb, -y, -nnib, -ax
target . Cxy^axb B OKHO. To knock at the
CTPEIMflTbCfl, -MJiiocb, -MHmbcH, window. Gxy^axb KyjiaKOM no cxo-
-MHXCH imp. K KOMy? KHGMy? Jiy. To bang one's fist on the table.

& -f- i/?/. to strive CTtlAHO predic. impers. (to be>

CxpeMHXbCH K uejiii, k CBo66^e. ashamed
To achieve one's goal, to
strive to Mne cxH/^HO. / am ashamed. Cxij;t-
strive for freedom. CTpeMHXbCH no- HO 3a xoBapnn^a. To be ashamed of
6eAHXb. To strive to win. a friend. Cxm^ho nepe^ ApyabHMH.
To be ashamed to face one's friends.
CTPfllHbCH, -rycb, -H^enibCH, -ryxcH,
CxLi/^HO cJiymaxb axn cjioBa. /
past cxpiircH, cxpHrjijacb, -ocb,
-HCb imp. /p. nocxpiil^bCH, -rycb,
am athamed to hear such words.
-jKCfflbCH, -ryxcfl, past nocxpiircH,
CyBBOTA /. Saturday
B^ cy566Ty 6biji nnxepecHbiH koh-
nocxpnrjilacb, -ocb, -iicb to have
nepx. There was an interesting con-
one's hair cut
cert on Saturday.
CxpiWbCH B napHKMaxepcKOH. To
Cyj\ m., gen. -a
have one's hair cut at a barber's.
1. law-court.
CTPOriHfl, -aH, -oe, -ne, short form 2. trial.
cxpor, cxpora, cxp6r|o, -h; adv. Cy^flTb, cymy, cyAHmb, cy^Hx imp^
cxporo K r 6? ^i X 6?
1. strict, severe. Cxpornn yqiixejib. 1. to judge. Mh cyj^HM no xoMy^
A strict teacher. Oieu, cxporo ^xo BiTj^ejin. We judge front
nocMOxpeji Ha Cbma. The father what we saw.
looked severely at his son. Cxpo- 2. to try. Cy^HTb npecxynnnKa^
rim roJioc. A severe tone of voice. To
try a criminal.
2. fig. strict. Cxporne npasHjia. 3. to referee. Cy;^iixb ^yxSojibnyio
Strict rules. Bcxpe^y. To referee a footbalf
CTPOflTEJlLCTBO neut. match.
1. construction. CxpoiixejibcxBO sa- <> CyAH no TOMy, qxc... Judging
BOAOB H $a6pHK. The construc- from what...
tion of plants and factories. Cy^bBA /., pi. cy js,h6u, cy^eC for-
KyjibxypHoe cxpoHxejibcxBO. tune, fate
Cultural construction. J^yMaxb o cyAb6e Hapo^a. To think
2. building. PaSoxaxb na cxpoH- of the fate of the people. Cy jijb6st
xejibcxBe. To be engaged in build- MOHx flpysen. The fortunes of my
ing. friends.
CTPOIHTb, -JO, -Hinb, -hx imp. qxo? / Cy/^bH m., pi. cyffbH,^ cyACH
p. nOCXp6|HXb, -K), -Mfflb, -HX 1. judge. CnpaBeAJiHBHH cy^bH. A
1. to build. CxpoHXb ;^0M. To build just judge. HapoAHHH cyAbH.
a house. CxpoHXb jKejieanyio AO- A people's judge.
pory. To build a railway. 2. referee. CnopxHBHHH cyAbH. A
2. fig. to build. Cxponxb KOMMy- referee, on umpire. x

HH3M. To build communism. CyMfiTb see yMEXb

CTPOfl m., no pi. system CyM|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bag
rocyflapcxBeHHHH cxpoH. A state KomaLBAR cyMKa. A leather bag.
system. Kojixoshhm cxpoH. The CyMKa jxJiH. npoAyKxoB. A shop'
collective- farm system. ping -bag.
 .

cyn 143 CHH

cyn m., pi. -H soup CKOJlfLThCR, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,
Phcobmh cyn. Rice soup. TapejiKa not used, 3rd pers. cxoflHXCH, cxo-
cyna. A plate of soup. ;i;htch imp. / p. coHTHCb, 1st & 2nd
CyPOB|Llfl, -an, -oe, -iie, short form pers. not used, 3rd pers. couffjeicfi,
cypoB, -a, -o, -h; adv. cypoBO coHAyxcH, past comejicH, conijilacb,
1. stern, GypoBUH nejiOBeK. A -OCb, -HCL
stern person. l.to come
together. Gonxncb b
2. rugged. GypoBan npHpo^a. Rug- aaJie. To
gather in the hall.
ged countryside. KOJIOHHLI J^CMOHCXpanXOB co-
3. rigorous. CypoBan h<h3hl. A mJiHCb Ha nji6ni;aAH. Columns of
rigorous life. demonstrants converged in the
CyTjKH no sing., gen. -ok day, 24 hours square.
Exaxb n;eJiHe cyxKH. To be driving 2. to suit one another. Ohii co-
the whole day. J\b6q cyxoK Two days. mjiHCb xapaKxepaMH. They suit-
ed one another.
CyXIOfl, -aH, -6e, -ne, adv. cyxo;
cii;eha /.
'

comp. cyme
1. dry. Bhtph pyKH, ohh aoji>khh 1. stage. Oh Btimeji na cmeny. He
came on to the stage.
6htl cyxHMH. Wipe your hands,
2. scene. HuxepecHaH criena b
they must he dry. Gyxan o;^e}KJ^;a.
Dry clothes. Gyxoii Bos^yx. Dry
cncKxaKJie. An interesting scene
in a play.
air.
<> CoHTH CO cuieHbi. To leave the
2. dry. Gyxan KOMnaxa. A dry
stage.
room. aeMJin. Dry earth.
Gyxaa
CHACTJlflBlblfl [n;acjiHBHH], -an,
3. fig. dried-up. Gyxon qejioseK.
-oe, -He, short form c^acxjiHB, -a,
A dried-up person. On cyxo no- -0, -h; adv. CHacxjiHBO
B^opoBaJiCfl. He greeted (some-
1. happy. GnacxJiiiBaH H«H3Hb. A
body) coldly.
happy life.G^acxJiHBbm qejio-
<> Cyxoe BHHO. Dry wine.
BeK. A happy man. Kan a cnacx-
CymECTB|OBATb, -yio, -yemt, -yiOT jihbI How happy I am!
imp. to exist 2. lucky. Th cnacxjiHBHH! You're
>KH3Hb na 3eMJie cyni;ecTByeT mho- lucky/
rne mhjijihohli jict. Life has exist- <> CiacTJiHBoro nyxii! A happy
ed on Earth for many millions of journey!
years. GymecTBycT necKOJibKO bh- C^ACTbE [n;acxbe] neut., no pi.
AOB ynpaJKHeHHH. There are several 1. happiness. Bojibmoe cnacxbe.
kinds of exercises. Great happiness. >Kejiaio BaM
COOTOrPAOflPOBATb see <DOTO- CHacxbHl / wish you happiness!
rPAOHPOBATb 2. good luck.
CXBATflTb see XBATATbi <> r^e cqacTbe, xaai h pa;^ocTI>
CXOJl,flTbi, cxoJKy, cxoAHniB, cx6;^ht (proverb). Where there is happi-
imp. /p. coHTH, coHflly, -enib, -yx, ness, there is joy.
past comejT, coniJi|a, -6, -h CHHTA|Tb [n^Hxaxb], -lo, -emb, -rox
1. to go down. GxoAHTb no Jieci- imp.
HHn,e. To go downstairs. 1. K OrO? HX 0?/p. COCHHXa|xb, -K3,
2. to get off. Bbi cxoAHTe na cjie- -emb, -lox to count. Gocqnxaxb
;^yion];eH ocxanoBKe? Are you go cxa. To count to one hundred.
getting off at the next stop? G^Hxaxb no nopH^Ky. To count
<^ CoHTH c yMa. To go out of one's in the order in which things are.
mind Gqnxaxb js^eHhrn. To count
CXOJ^flTb^, cxojKy, cxoAHHib, cxo/^ht money.
p. Ky J18L? &.-}-inf. to go to some 2. KOrO? HXO? KCM? qcM? to
place and return consider, to think. H c^nxaJi
Gxofl;HTb B MarasHH. To go to the Te6n CBOHM flpyroM. I considered
shop (and return). Gxo/^htb nory- you to be my friend. Gnnxaio,
JiHTb. To go for a walk. Hxo XH nocxyuHJi npaBHJibHO.
cmH 144 TAJI

/ think you acted in the T, T

right way.
CfflHTb see mWTh TABAK m., gen. -a tobacco
CT>E33 m. congress KpenKHH xa6aK. Strong tobacco.
IlapTHHHUH CLean. party con- A Kypnxb xa6aK. To smoke tobacco.
gress. G-LesA npo$coK)30B. trade- A TABJIfl^A /. table
union congress. TaSjiHi^a yMHOJKeHHH. The multi-
CT>£3lOTTb, -H«y, -flHnib, -^ht p. plication table. TaSjiHqa BHHrpH-
K y « a? & + inf. (cf . E3J^HTb) to raeH. The list of winning numbers.
go to some place and return TAflHA /. mystery
B flpyroH ropo/i;. To go
C'besjxiiTh TaHHH npapoAbi. Mysteries of na-
to another town (and come back). ture. b xaHne. To keep
Xpanrixb
CtesAHTb OT;;oxHyTb. To go on a secret. /l^epjKaxb b xanne. To keep
holiday. (something) secret.
CT>E3H{A|Tb, -K), -emB, -iot imp. TAK adv.
Kyfla? OTKyrja? / p. ctexaTb, 1. as. ^ejiaxb xaK, KaK nyjKHO.
Cbe^ly, -euib, -yx to go (come) To do as one should. xaK meMm
down ji;0B6jibHH noea^KOH, nan h bh.
C-bexaxb c ropw. To go (come) down I^e are as pleased with the trip
the hill. as you are.
CT>E33KAlTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing, 2. so. Oh xaK mhofo xo;^^TJI, ^xo
not used, 3rd pers.
-iotch -excH, ycxaJi. He walked so much that
imp. I p. cbexaxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. he got tired.
sing, not used, 3rd pers. cbe^IeTCH, 3. as part of compound conj. xaK
-yxcH to come together, to gather KaK as, xaK hxo so,
K Beqepy HanajiH cbeantaxbCH ro- <> H xaK aaJiee. And so on. TaK
CTH. Towards evening the guests cKasaxb. So speak. TaK naabiea-
to

began to arrive. eMbiM. So-called. Tan ce6e. So-so.

CTbECTb see ECTb^ TaK H 6biTb. Let it be so. He xaK
CTbEXATb see CT)E35KATb jiH? Is it not so?
CT>EXATbCH see CT>E3^ATbCH TAKHCE adv. also
CbirPATb see HrPATb Mkl xamKC 6biJiH flOBOJibHH. We
CblH m., pi. cwHOBbH, cbiHOBeH son were also pleased.
GiaprnHH CbiH. The eldest (elder) TAKlOfl, -an, -6e, -He pron.
son. MjiaAfflHH chh. The youngest 1. such. TaKOH Beqep h 6yAy noM-
(younger) son. HHXb jiOJLTO. I'll remember such

CblP m., pi. -u cheese an evening for a long time.

ByTep5p6;i; c CbipoM. A cheese sand- 2. so. CerojiiHH xaKan xopoman no-
wich. ^6;^a! Today the weather is so
good!
CbIP|(3fl, -aH, -6e, -He; adv. cbipo
3. the same as. Oh KynnJi xaKyio
1. damp. GbipaH seMJiH. Damp me KHHry, KaK h xh. He bought
earth. CwpoH Boajtyx. Damp air.
same book as you did.
the
CbipaH KOMHaxa. A damp room.
*0^ B TaKOMcjiyqae. In this case.
predic. impers. B^ecb oienb
I
TaKHM 66pa3«M. In this way.
CHpo. It is very damp here.
Ht# TaKoe? What's that?
2. raw, unboiled. Gmpoe mhco.
TAKCfiL neut., indecl. taxi
Raw meat. Cupoe mojioko. Un-
JlePKOBoe xaKCH. A taxi-cab. Exaxb
boiled milk.
na xaKCH. To go by taxi. HaM uymno
€I>IT|bIfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short form B3HXb xaKCH. We should take a taxi.
CHx, CHxa, CMx|o, -u replete BM3Baxb xaKCH no jenei^oiiy. To
H cux. / am full. call a taxi by telephone.
CIO^A adv. Ky^a? here TAJIAHT m. talent, gift
H npnmeji cio^a yxpoM. / came y Hero SoJibmoH xaJianx. He is very
here in the morning. gifted.
TAJl 145 TEM

TAJlAHTJIHBIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He tal- TBOfl, xBOfl, xBoe, xboh pron. your(s)
ented, gifted TBOPHECTBO neut., no pi. creative
TajiaHTJiHBLiH yqeHHH,
nHcaxejib. work
A gifted scientist, writer. TaJiaHT- TBopqecxBO niojioxoBa. Sholokhov's
jiHBaH paSoxa, KHHra. work, book A works. Pacnsex xBopqecxBa. The
of great talent. height of one's creative activity. Ha-
TAM adu. r a e? there poAHoe XBopqecxBO. The creative
TaM HtHBex MOH OTei^. father My work of the people.
lives there. TaM, r^e a poAHJiCH, TEATP m. theatre
cymecTByex MHoro nnxepecHtix Teaxp onepH h 6ajiexa. A theatre
oSHHaeB. Where I was born, there of opera and ballet. /],paMaxHHecKHH
exist many
interesting customs. xeaxp. A play-house. CMOxpexb b
TAH|EI^ m., gen. -Ei;a dance xeaxpe noByio nbecy. To see a new
BHCxpHH xaneii;. quick dance. A play at a theatre. Xo^nxb b xeaxp.
HcnoJiHHXb HaponHUH xanen;. To To go to the theatre.
perform a folk dance. Eocemaxb
TEJIEBflSOP m. television set
nmojiy xaHn;eB. To attend a dancing ^
CMOxpexb nepezj;aqy no xeneBnaopy.
school.
To watch a television programme.
TAHmEBATb, -yro, -yenib, -yiox
BKJIIOqHXb (BHKJIIO^IHXb) XeJICBHSOp.
imp. H X 0? to dance
To turn on (off) television.
TanneBaxb Bajibc. To dance a waltz.
TanneBaxb c AeByuiKon. To dance TEJIEPPAMMA /. telegram
with a girl. CpoqnaH An urgent
xejierpaMMa.
TAPEJIIKA gen. pi. -ok plate telegram. Ilocjiaxb (flaxb) xejierpaM-
/.,
FJiySoKafl xapejina. soup plate. A My. To send a telegram.
MeJiKan xapeJiKa. A
flat plate. Ecxb TEJIErPA<D m., no pi. telegraph-
H3 xapeJiKH. To eat from a plate. office
TAmflTb, xan^y, xan;Hnib, xan^ax imp. LteHxpaJibHHH xejierpa^. The central
1. Koro? Hxo? to carry. Tan^nxb telegraph-office. H^th na Tejierpa(|).
MemoK. To carry asack. To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66-
2. Bbixan^Inxb, -y, -nmb,
H X 0? p. xaxb na xejierpa(|)e. To work at a
-ax to pull out. Bbixamnxb rBosAb telegraph-office.
H3 cxeHH. To pull a nail out of TEJIEOOH m. telephone
the wall. HoMep A telephone num-
xejie{|)6Ha.
TA|HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd ber. MejKAyropOAHHH xejie(|)6H. A
pers. -ex, -lox imp. /p. pacxa|HXb, trunk line. FoBopnxb no xejie^ony.
1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. To speak over the telephone.
-ex, -lox <> Te;ie4)6H-aBTOMaT. A public te-
1. to thaw. Gner xaex. The snow is lephone.
thawing. T£JI|0 neut., pi. -a
2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to 1. substance. Tbep^oe xeJio. A so-
waste away. Sanacw xaiox. The lid substance. H^itflKoe xejio. A
are dwindling. BojibHOH
supplies liquid substance.
xaex na rjiaaax. You can see the 2. body. HacxH xejia. Parts of the
sick man waste away. body.
TBEPAIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form TEMA /. subject, theme
xBepfl, xBepua, xsepAlo, -h; adv. TeMa ypoKa. The subject (theme) of
XBCpflO a lesson. TeMa ^OKJiaAa. The sub-
1. solid. TBepAoe xejio. A solid ject of a report.
substance. TfiMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, adv. xcmho
2. hard. TBepjtan seMJiH. Hard 1. dark. TeMnan KOMHaxa. A dark
ground. room. I
predic. impers. Ha yjinne
3. fig. firm, sound. TBep^He sna- xeMHO. It is dark outside.
HHH. Sound knowledge. IIpHHHXb 2. dark. Tcmehh kocxiom. A dark
xBepAoe pemenHe. To take a suit. TeMHHe bojioch. Dark hair.
firm decision. TeMHHe FJiasa. Dark eyes.
10—4002
TEM 146 TEH

3. fig- dark. TeMHwe chjih. Dark TEPHlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. Koro?
forces. mo?/p. noxepH|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox
TEMn m. tempo, speed, rate 1. to lose. IIoxepHXb cyMKy. To lose
BucTptiH TeMH. A quick tempo one's bag.
TeMn pe^H. The tempo (speed) of 2. fig. to lose. Teprixb Apyra. To
speech. TeMnu pasBHTHH 3KOh6mh losea friend. Tepnxb HaAewAy.
KH. The rate of economic development To lose hope. Tepnxb cjiyx. To
TEMHEPATS^PA /. lose one's hearing. Tepnxb BpeMH.
1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa boah To waste time.
The temperature of water. Hawe <> Tepaxb roJioey. To lose one's
pHTb TeMnepaxypy. To take a head. Bbi He BHAeJiH axy KapxH-
temperature. Hy? Hex? Bbi HHqero ne noxe-
2. temperature. V Hero BucoKan pfljiH. ''Have you seen this pic-
TeMnepaxypa. He
high has a ture? No? You have missed
temperature. colloq. high tem-
||
nothing."
perature, fever. Y peSeuna TeM- TECHjblfl, -an, -oe, -He, snort form
nepaxypa. The child has a fever. xecen, xecna, xecH|o, -h; adv. xecHO
TEHb /., prepos. b Tenii shade; shad- 1. cramped. TecHan KBapxnpa. A
ow. cramped flat. predic. impers.
\
Tenb Aepesa. The shade of a
ox 3Aecb xecHO. There is no room here.
tree. CnAexb b xenii. To sit in the 2. tight. TecHHe Goxpihkh. Tight
shade. On Gohjich coScxBeHHoii xe- shoes. PySamna Mne xecna. The
Hii. He was afraid of his own shadow. shirt is too tight for me.
TEOPHH /. theory 3. close. BHTb XeCHO CBHSaHHHM
HayHHaa xeopnH. A scientific theory. c kcm-jihSo. To be closely con-
Maynaxb xeopuio. To study a nected with somebody.
theory. CoeAHHHXb xeopnio c npan-
TETPAJ^b /. copy-book
XHKOH. To combine theory with prac-
tice.
Tojicxafl xexpaAb. A thick copy-book.
ToHKafl xexpaAb. A thin copy-book.
TEDEPb adv. now
06maH xexpaAt- A
thick, general-
Tenepb oh >KHBex b Ch6hph, a
purpose copy-book. TexpaAfc b jih-
panbuie paSoxaji b MocKse. Now he
lives in Siberia, but before he worked
HeiiKy. A
lined copy-book. Ilncaxb
B xexpaAH. To write in a copy-book.
in Moscow.
TEnJl|blH, -an, -oe, -He, short form TETH /. aunt
xeneji, xenJija, -6, -u; adv. xenno TEXHHKA /., no pi.

1. warm. Tenjian KOMnaxa. A warm 1. technique, technology.HepeAO-

room. TenjibiH Boaayx. Warm BaH xexHHKa. Advanced technol-
air. PasBe axo ropHMHH cyn? Oh ogy. OBJiaAexb xexHHKOH. To
qyxb xenjiuH. Do you call this master technique.
hot soup? It is hardly warm. 2. technique. TexHHKa nrpn na
Tenjioe naJibxo. warm coat. A CKpuuKe. The technique of play-
|

predic. impers. (is) warm. Mne ing the violin.

xenjio. / feel warm. SA^Cb xenjio. TEXHflHECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne
It is warm here. 1. technical. TexHHHecKHH nporpecc.
2. fig. warm, cordial. TenjiLie qyB- Technical progress.
cxBa. Warm feelings. Ohh xenJio 2. technical. TexHHnecKHH hhcth-
npocxHJiMCb c rocxHMH. They xyx. A
technical institute.
said good-bye to their guests cor- 3. technical. TexKHHecKan pa66xa.
dially. Technical work.
TEPIIEJlflBlblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short TEHEHHE neut. current, stream
form xepnejiHB, -a, -o, -u; adv. xep- HnjKHee xe^eHHe peKH. The lower
nejiHBo patient reaches of the river.
TepnejiHBUH yqrixejib. A patient O Iljmixb no TeneHHio (npoxHB
teacher. TepneJiHBO oS-LHCHnxb. To TeHeHHfl). To go with (against) the
explain patiently. stream.
TEH 147 TOH

TElHb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd 3. then. Kor^a npOHHTaio KHHry,
pers. -HGT, -KyT, past tgk, TeK|Jia, Tor^a OT;;aM ee xeSe. When I
-Jio, -JiH imp. have read the book I'll give it
1. to flow, to stream. Pena tghgt. back to you.
The river flows. Ho JIH^y ee TO ECTb conj. that is (to say)
TGKJiH CJiesH. Tears were streaming Cen^ac Mapx. H Bepnycb b HiOHe,
down her cheeks. to ecTb Hepea flsa MecHn;a. Now it
2. fig. to fly by. BpeMH leneT ne- is March. I'll come back in June,
saMeTHO. Time goes by imper- that is in two months.
ceptibly. TOmE adv. also
TflXlUfl, -an, -oe, -ne, s/iori /orm H TOJKC ^pH;^y na Be^ep. I'll also
Tiix, THxa, THxlo, -Hj ac?y. THXO; come to the evening-party. H tojkb
comp. THiiie ycTaJi. / am also tired. Th ne x6-
1. soft, Thxhh roJioc. A soft voice. qemb 3Toro? H TOJKe. "You don't
Thxo neTb. To smg 5o/fZi/. Tobo- wanl that? Neither do I."
pH THme! Don't speak so loud} TOJinA /., pi. TOJiDLi crowd
2. quiet. Tixoe yxpo. A quiet morn- Tojina JiioAeH. A
crowd of people.
ing. TOJICTlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form
3. quiet. Thxhh peSeuoK. A quiet TOJiCT, TOJicTa, t6jict|o, -h; comp.
child. TOJin^e
THmHHA no pi. silence
/., 1. thick. TojicTaH miTKa. thick A
IloJTHaH THniHHa. Complete silence. thread. ToJicxaa KHitra. thick A
Hapymaxb THmHHy. To break the book.
silence. CxofiJia MepTBan THmHua. 2. fat. TojicxHH neJiOBCK. /ai man. ^
It was dead silent. TOJlbKO
TKAHb /. fabric 1. adv. only. B KOMHaxe xojibKO
niepCTHHaa TKanb. A
woollen fabric. oji,EH There
cxyji. is only one
TO particle then chair in the room. Oh npnexaJi
EcjiH SyAST BpeMH, to h npnAy. xoJibKO BHepa. He came only
// / have time I'll come. yesterday.
TO... TO conj. now... now 2. conj. only, fl corjiacen, xoJibKO
To TM roBopiifflb OAHo, TO ;i;pyr6e, He cenqac. / agree, only not now.
— KaK me Mue Te6e BepnTb? Now 3. particle only. TojibKO 6h yexaxbl
you say one thing, now another, / wish only away! H 3a-
to go
how am I to believe you? HCM xojibKO OH CAeJiaJi axo? Why
TOBAP m. on earth did he do that?
1. ware. npoMbimjienHbie TOBapH. 4. as part of compound conj . a) TOJib-
Industrial wares. Ko qxo just. Oh
xojibKO hxo npn-
2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH mnpoKO- meji. He has just come, b) KaK
ro noTpeSJieHHH. Consumer goods. TOJlbKO the moment, Kan xoJibKO
TOBAPHm m. Mbi BomjiH B 3aji,,.. The moment
1. friend. BepHMH TOBapnn^. A true we entered the hall...
friend. TOH m. tone
2. used in addressing people: ToBa- BpajKAeSuHH xoh. A hostile tone.
pnm IleTpoBa! Comrade Petroval FOBOpHXb ^.pyjKecKHM XOHOM. To
ToBapnn^ Bojikob! Comrade Vol- speak in a friendly tone.
kovl TOHKIHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form
TO^J^A adv. xoHOK, xoHKa, x6hk|o, -h; adv.
1. then. Pfle tm 6hji b nrojie? fl — xoHKo; comp. xoHbme
6hji Torfl,a b ^pyroM ropo^e. 1. thin. ToHKaa xexpaAt. A thin
''Where were you in July?" "/ copy-book.ToHKoe jtepeBO. A thin
was then in another town." tree. ToHKHe SpoBH. Fine eye-
2. then. Th ne anaenib axoro? brows. ToHKO Hapeaaxb CHp. To
Torji;a bosbmh KHHry h npoHH- cut the cheese thin.
xaHl ''You don't know that? Then 2. thin. ToHKHH roJioc. A thin
take the book and read it!" voice.

10*
TOH 148 TPA

3. delicate, keen. Tohkhh BKyc. A one, the very same one. B Ty

delicate taste. Tohkhh cjiyx. A 3Ke MHHyT^. That very moment.
keen ear. Oaho h to Hce. The (very) same
4. fine. Kojibno tohkoh paGoTU. A thing. Jlejio b tom, mto... The
ring of fine workmanship. thing is that... Mne He flo Toro.
^ Tfle TOHKo, TaM H peeTCfl (prov- I've other things to attend to.
erb). Gf. The strength of a chain H TOMy noA6(>Hoe (h t. n.). And
is determined by, its weakest link. so on (etc.).
TOHHA / ton 5. as part of compound conj.: BMecxo
BecoM B 500 TOHH. 500 tons in xoro, qx66H instead of; xeM He
weight . Menee nevertheless; nocjie xoro
TOHS'Tb, TOHy, TOHeuib, Tonyx imp. KaK after, following; flo xoro
i. p. noTOuyTb, noTOHy, noxoHemb, KaK, ^epe;^ xeM KaK before; ne-
noTOHyx to sink. KopaSjib no- CMOxpH Ha x6, Hxo in spite of the
Tonyji. The ship has sunk. fact that; b xo BpeMH KaK while
2» p. yTOHyxb, yxony, yxoneinb, TOHIKA /., gen. pi. -bk point, full stop
yxonyx to get drowned. MaJib- IlocxaBHXb xoHKy. To put a full
^hk yxonyji b pene. The boy got stop.
drowned in the river. <> Toqna c aacHTOH. semi- A
3. no p. to sink. MexaJiJi xonex b colons ToHKa apeHHfl. One's point of
BO^e. Metal sink<i in water. view. C Moefi toikh speHHH. From
TOPrOBJIfl /. trade my standpoint.
BHeniHHH xoproBJifl. Foreign trade. TOHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
BHyxpeHHHH xoproBJiH Home trade. xoHeH, xo^ma, x6hh|o, -h; adv.
ToproBJiH OBomaMH. The vegetable x64H0
trade. PaasHBaTb xoproBJiio. To de- 1. exact. ToHHtiH nepeBOjt. -^n
velop trade. exact translation. Tohuo anaxb.
TOPHCECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; To know for certain. To^Hbie na-
adv. xop>KecxBtMiHO CM. A
good time-keeping watch.
1. festive. Top>KecxBeHHUH flenb. ToMHoe BpeMH. The exact time.
A festive day. 2. punctual. Tohhhh HejiOBen. A
2. solemn. Top>KecxBeHHbiH xoh. punctual man.
A solemn tone. <> ToHHbie HayKH. The exact sciences.
TOPOnflTbCH, xoponjiiocb, xoponnmb- TPABA /., pi. xpaBbi
Cfl, xopoiiflxcH imp. to hurry 1. grass. Bejienaa xpaBa. Green
ToponHXbCH B xeaxp. To hurry to grass. BucoKafl xpaBa. Tall
the theatre. grass.
TOT pron. only pi. herbs. JleKapcxBeHHue
2.
1. that. Tox flOM. That house. B xox xpaBU. Medicinal herbs.
;^eHb. (On) that day. TPAKTOP m., pi. xpaKxopa, xpaKxo-
2. other. Ha xoh cxopone. On the poB & xpanxopti, xpaKxopoB tractor
other side. Ha x6m 6epery. On TPAMBAfl m. tram
the other bank. ^BaAnaTb mecxoH xpaMBan. A num-
3.: Mm yBepenH b xom, hxo... ber 26 tram. i:xaxb na xpaMBae. To
We are sure that... fl cnpouiy go by tram. Gecxb na xpaMBafi. To
y xoro, Kxo SHaex. I'll ask some- take a tram. Cohxh c xpaMBan. To
body who knows. get off the tram.
4. that. 9x0 xox flOM? Is that the TPAHCnOPT m., no pi. transport
house? 3x0 xa Ben5b? Is that the ropoflCKoii xpaHcnopx. City trans-
thing? 3x0 ne xa Bemb! This is port. Bhaw xpaHCHopxa. Kinds
not the thing! 3xo cobccm He x6! of transport.
-.. It is not that at all! TPA|THTb. -Hy, -XHmb, -xhx imp.
-^H t6t h flpyroH. Both {one and qxo? na
h x 6?/p. HCxpa|XHXb,
the other). Hh tot hh ffpyroii. -qy, -XHmb, -xax to spend
Neither {one nor the other). Tot TpaxHXb jxeuhTR na nnxaHHe. To
Hce, TOT me caMwii. The same spend money on food. HcxpaxHXb
TPE 149 Tpy

MHoro AGHer. To spend much money. bus. GoHXH c xpojiJienCyca. To get

Oh TpaTHT MHoro BpeMeHH na ;^o- off the trolleybus.
pory. He spends a lot of time trav- TPOHyXb see TPOPATb
elling. TPyBA /., pi. xpy6H
TPEBIOBATb, -yemi,,
-yio, -yrox 1.tube. ripoHBBOAcxBO xpy6. Pro-
imp. q T o? or q e r 6? y k o r 6? duction of tubes.
OT Kor6? + qT66H or J^inf.f 2. chimney. SaBOffCKaH xpy6a. A
p. noTpe6|oBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT factory chimney. Tpy6a flOMa.
1. to demand. H Tpe6yio cjioea. / The chimney of a house.
demand the rightto he heard. 3. trumpet. Hrpaxb na xpy6e. To
y^HTeJib TpeSosaji, ^toSh mh play (to blow) the trumpet.
^ejiajiH flOMaraHHe saAannH. The TP>^B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok pipe
teacher demanded that we should KypHXb xpyoKV. To smoke a pipe.
do our home-task. TPyft m., gen. -a
2. to take. Bxa pa66Ta TpeCyex mho- i.nopl. work; labour. yMCXBeHHHH
ro BpeMeHH. This work takes a xpyfl. Brain work. OHSHHecKHH
lot of time. xpyff. Manual work.
TPEBOHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short 2. difficulty. Oh c xpy^oM Bcxaji.
form TpesoH^eH, xpeBOH^Hla, -o, -ti; He stood up with difficulty. Oh
adv. xpeBOJKHO BHyHHJi 3X0 6e3 xpyfla. He
1. anxious. TpeBOJKHUH bsfjih;;. learned it without any difficulty.
An anxious look. 3. work. HayHHHH xpyA- A scien-
2. alarming. TpenoHtHoe hojiojkc- work. TpyflU Ferejia. The
tific
HHe. An alarming situation. Tpe- works by Hegel.
Bomuoe BpeMH. An uneasy time. TPyjIiflTbCH, xpyjKycb, xpyflnmbCH,
TpeBOJKHHe hobocxh. Alarming xpy;i;HXCflimp. to work
news. JIaSopaxopHH xpyfl;HxcH Ha;^ peme-
TP(3rA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp. ko- HHeM axon aa/^aiH. The laboratory
works at solving this problem.
to? Hxo? neu^/p. xpoHlyxb, -y,
TP5^ja,H|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
-emb, -yx (momentaneous action) &
xpyJ^eH, xpjrj^na, xpyAH|o, -h; adv.
noxp6ra|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox
xpy^HO
1. to touch. SKCHOHaxM B Myaee
HejTb3H xporaxb pvKaMH. The
1. difficult. TpyAHbiH sKaaMen. A
exhibits in the museum should
difficult examination. Tpy^noe
not be touched. EMy xoxejiocb
3a;^aHHe. A
difficult task. HaM

noxporaxb Kawflyio Bem;b. He xpyAHO HOHHXb Bac. It is diffi-

cult for us to understand you.
wanted to touch every thing.
3xa KHifra xpyAua ;i;jihBac. This
2. p. only xpoHyxb fig. to move.
book is too difficult for you.
3x0 ero ne xpdraex. It doesn't
move him. MeHH axo oqeub xpo- 2. difficult, hard. Tpy^Hafl o6cxa-
Hyjio. It moved me deeply.
HOBKa. A difficult situation.

3. p. only xponyxb to touch. He

TpyAHoe BpeMH. A hard time.
xporaHxe erol Leave him alone/ TPy/^GBlOn, -aa, -oe, -Lie
1. working, labour. Tpyj^OBoe boc-
TPOE num. three HHxaHHe. Labour education.
Tpoe cxyAeHxoB. Three students. 2. working. Tpyj^oBan MOjiOAejKb.
y Hero xpoe ^exen. He has three Working youth.
children. Hac 6mjio There
xpoe. 3. hard-earned. Tpy^OBwe ;;eHbrH.
were three of us. Hpomjio xpoe Hard-earned money.
cyxoK. Three days had passed. 4. working. TpyAOBOH jj,eHh. The
TPOJIJlEflByC m. trolleybus working day.
nfixbiH xpojiJieH6yc. A number 5 <> TpyflOBMe pesepBbi. Labour-re-
trolleybus. OcxanoBKa xpojiJienCyca. serves.
A trolleybus stop. Exaxb na xpoji- TPyJ^HI^|HflCfl m., gen. -erocfl
JieH6yce. To go by trolleybus. Cecxb worker
Ha xpoJiJienGyc. To take a trolley- Tpy/^flmnecH Bcex cxpan. The workers
TPy 150 T5IH

of the world. CoBexH aenyTaxoB

TpyflHmHXCH. Soviets of workers* 1. cloud. HepHwe xyqn. Black
deputies. clouds. HnsKHe xyqn. Low clouds.
TPyC m. coward 2. fig. cloud. TyHH hujih. Clouds
Oh OKaaaJiCH TpycoM. He turned of dust.
out to be a coward. TbI pron., gen., ace. xeSfl, dat. xe6e,
TPyCb'I no sing, shorts instr. xo66h, prepos. o xe6e you
CnopxcMeHm 6hjih b KpacHux Man- Th moh Jtpyr. You are my friend.
Kax H nepHLix xpycax. The sports- Hxo XH AeJiaemb cennac? What are
men wore red jerseys and black you doing now?
shorts. <> BbiTfa Ha «TM» c kcm-jihSo. To
TP)ln|KA gen. pi. -ok rag, duster
/., thee-and-thou somebody.
CxHpaTb ntiJib xpflnKOH. To remove TblJl m., prepos. b xHJiy; pi. xhjim
dust with a rag. Mhxb noji xpfln- rear
KOH. To wash the floor with a rag. TbiJi H (|)poHx. The rear and the
Xy/HA adv. K y A a? there front. PaSoxaxb b XHJiy. I'o work
Box MarasHH, ho xy^a ne noH- mm on the home front.
flCM. Here is the but we shall
shop,
not go there. KaK ^oexaxb 30 H,eH-
TK)PbMA pi. xiopbMH, xfopeM,
/.,

xpa? —
Ty^a m6h{ho exaxb na Mex-
xiopbMaM, etc. prison
p6. ''How can I get to the centre?" — riocannxb b xiopbMy. To put into
prison. BpocHxb B xiopbMy. To fling
''You can get there by the under-
into prison. Gn^exb b xiopbMe. To
ground." Bh Hflexe He xy^a. You are
be in prison.
not going the right way.
TYMAH m. mist, fog THiKEJIlblH, -an,^ -oe^ -He, short form
yxpeHHHH XyMan. A morning mist. xflJKeji, xfl>KOJi|a, -6, -h; adv. xh-
FycxoH xyMan. A dense fog. Ha jKeJio
yjiHiie ceroj^HH xyMan. It is foggy 1. heavy. Tflwejibm hh^iik. A heavy
outside today. box. I
predic. impers. Te6e xh/KC-
J16 necxH 3X0X qeMOfl;aH. It is
TyniOK, -an, -6e, -Lie
difficult for you to carry that
1. blunt. TynoH ho>k. A blunt
suit-case.
knife.
2. fig. hard, difficult. TajKejian
2. not pointed. Tynon hocok 60-
pa66xa. Hard work. TflJKeJiaH
xiiHKa. A rounded toe-cap. JKH3Hb. A
hard life. TflJKejioe
3. fig. meaningless. TynoH bsfjih;;.
A meaningless look. sa^aHHe. A
difficult task. V He-
ro 6biJia xflJKeJiaH MOJio^ocxb. He
4. fig. dull. Tynoii yqeuHK. dull A had a hard youth. Y nero xflJKe-
pupil, a dunce.
jiHH xapaKxep. He is a difficult
5. fig. dull. Tynafl 6ojib. A dull
person. CoBepmnxb xflJKejioe npe-
pain.
cxynjieHHe. To commit a heinous
TyPflCT m. tourist, hiker crime. Tfl>KejiaH SojiesHb. grave A
TypncxM xoahjih b jiexHHii noxoA. illness. TflweJiafl onepauHH. se- A
The hikers went on a summer walk- rious operation. TflJKejioe qyBcxBO.
ing tour. HHOcxpauHLie xypncxM. A hard feeling. Tajkcjimh ^eub. A
Foreign tourists. hard day. | predic. impers. Mho
TYT adv. r « e? (colloq.) here xfl?KeJi6 BcnoMHuaxb 06 axoM. It
Tyx cxoHx cxoji, a xaM —
AHBan. is me to recollect that.
painful for
There is a table here, and a divan <> y nee Tnmeno na flyme. She
over there. has misgivings. TflHceJiafl npo-
T^OJIH pi., gen. pi. xy$ejib; sing. MumjieHHOCTb. The heavy in-
shoes
xy(|)JiH /. dustry.
KoHtanwe xy^JiH. Leather shoes. THHyXb, XHuy, xflnemb, xHHyx imp.
Ty$JiH na bhcokom (hhskom) Ka6- k r 6? mo? /p. noxHHyxb, no-
jiyKe. High- (low -)heeled shoes. ]\o- xHHy, noxHHemb, noxHuyx
MamHHe xy(|)jni. Slippers. 1. to pull. Oh noxHHyji oxi^a 3a
 .

151 VBE

pyKaB. He pulled his father's 2. fig. to kill. HsBecxne o CMepxH

sleeve. Cbina ySbex ee. The news of her
2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He thhh, son's death will kill her.
paccKaawBaH SucTpee. Don't <> XoTb ySeii, ne sHaio. / couldn't
draw it out, say it quickly. tell you to save my life.
<> TflH.VTb c OTBeTOM. To delay yBHPAlTb, -emb, -lox imp. ^ x o?/
-K>,
one's answer.
p. ySpaxb, ySeply, -emb, -yx, past
ySpaJi, -a, y6paji|o, -h
1. to remove. ySpaxb xexpa^H
y, y . CO cxoJia. To take the copy-books
from the desk.
y prep, -j- gen. 2. to put away. ySpaxb KHHrn b
1. by. Ctoji ctoht y OKHa. The mKa(|). To put away books in
table is by the window. a bookcase.
2. at. H ?KHBy y 6paTa. / live at 3. to gather (in). ySpaxb ypoHtan.
my brother's. To gather (in) the crops.
3. from, fl ysHaji y Moero y^HTejia 4. to tidy up. ySpaxb KOMHaxy.
MHoro HHTepecHoro. / learned a To tidy up the room. y5paxb
lot of interesting things from my nocxejib. To make the bed.
teacher. MoH TOBapniii; bshji y
MGHH MOio KHHry. My friend has
yBflTb see yBHBATb
borrowed a book from me. yBPATb see yBHPATb
4.: y nee 6ojiht rojiosa. She has a yBA5KA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-
headache. to? H X 0? 3 a H X 6? to respect
5.: y MGHH eCTb 3T0T jKypHaJi. / ycaJKaxb poAHxejien. To respect
have got that magazine. Tosa- Y one's parents. ysaJKaxb xoeapHma
pHma 6ojibmaH ceMbH. friend My 3a CMejiocxb. To respect one's friend
has a large family. for his bravery. Mbi ji;oji>khli yea-
yBE^flTb see YBEIiKJliiTh jKaxb Apyr Apyra. We must respect
yBEJ^flTbCH see yBE5KAATbCH one another.
yBE3KAA|Tb, -K), -emb, -kdt imp. yBA5KEHHE neut., no pi. respect^
Koro? B HGM? & -^ inf./p. y6e- nojibsoBaxbCH yBameHiieM xoBapn-
fllHTb, 1st pers. sing, not used, -Hmb, mew.. To be held in respect by one's
-HT to convince, to persuade friends. H cj];eJiaJi 3X0 hb yBaJKeuHH
Ham HHJKeHep y6e;^Hji nac b K Apyry- / did that out of respect
npaBHjibHOCTH cBoero npoeKxa. for my friend.
Our engineer has convinced us
the correctness of his project.
yBEJlfl^HBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
of
qxo?/p. yBejiHH|HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax
Mh y5e/^HJiH TOBapuma nocxy-
1. to increase. yBejiiiHHXb BwnycK
DHTb B HHCTHTyT. We persuaded
our friend to enter an institute.
XKanen. To increase the output
of fabrics.
yBEHC^AITbCH, -locb, -enibca, -lox-
2. to raise. yBCJiHHHXb 3apa6oxHyio
Cfl imp. B qeM?/ p. ySeflliixbCfl,
To raise one's salary
nJiaxy.
1st pers. sing, not used, -nmbcfl,
(wages)
-HxcH to get convinced
y6efl;HXbCH b BepnocxH Apyra. To yBEJIflHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
get convinced of one's friend's loyal- not used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl
ty. Mm ySe^HJiHCb. b xom, hxo 3xo imp. I p. yBeJiH^lHXbCH, 1st & 2nd
mpdiBjxa.. We got convinced that it pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -ax-
was true. es to increase, to grow
yBHBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k o r 6? KojiHHecxBo cxyAenxoB yBeJiHHH-
Hxo?/p. y6h\K), -emb, -lox
ySifxb, Baexcfl. The number of students is

1. to kill. y6HXb BOJiKa h3 py>KbH. growing.

To kill a wolf with a gun. yBEJiflHHTb see yBEJIflHHBATb
y6HTb HOJKOM. To kill with a yBEJlfl^HTbCH see yBEJlflHH-
knife. BATbCfl
VBE 152 VAO

yBEPEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 3rd pers. yflacxcfl, yAa;^yxcfl, past
ysepeHHO yAa|JiCH, -jiacb, -jiocb, -jiHCb
1. part., form j^Bepen, yse-
short 1. to be a success. Onux y^ajiCH.
peH|a, -w sure,
-0, certain. The experiment was a success.
yBepeHHHe b no6e;ie, mli npo- 2. impers. k o m y? -f- if^f- to man-
;iOJDKajiH 6opb6y. Certain of age. Mne y;taji6cb npnexaxb na
victory, we continued the fight. BOKsan BOBpeMH. / managed to
Mu yBepcHM b nameH no6efle. come to the station in time. HaM
We are sure of our victory. H He yAaJiocb nonacxb na BHCxaB-
yBepen b tom, hto oh npaB. / am Ky. We didn't manage to get to
sure he is right. the exhibition.
2. used as adj., short form yBe- y^AP m.
pen, yBepen Ha, -no, -nw confi-
I
1. blow, clap. CnjibHUH y^ap. A
dent, sure. ynepennHe flencTBHH. strong blow, y^ap rpoMa. A clap
Confident actions. Ero flBHJKe- of thunder.
HHH 6mjih dwcTpH H yBcpen- 2. fig. blow. 9x0 ;^Jifl Hero XHJKejiMH
HU. His actions were quick and Vflap. This is a hard blow to him.
sure. On roBopnJi yBepenno <0» BwTb B yffape. To be at one's
(adv.). He spoke confidently. best.
yBfl/^ETb see BflJUETb yAAPHTb see yj^APHXb
yBJIEKA|TbCH, -locb, -embcn, -K)TCfl yAAPEnrbCH yJ^APHTbCH
see
imp. KeM? qeM?/ p. yBJie|HbCH, y^APHHK m. shock-worker
-Kycb, -qembCH, -KyxcH, past yB- yj^apHHK KOMMyHHcxnqecKoro xpy-
JICKCH, yBJieKlJiaCb, -JlOCb, -JTHCb to Jta. A shock-worker of communist
be carried away, to be keen (on labour.
doing something) yj^APH|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-
yBJieKBTbCH cnopTOM, paGoTOH. To to? H e M? no H e M y? B H X 6?/
go in for sports, to be carried away p. yMplHTb, -K), -nmb, -hx to
with one's work. strike, to hit, to kick
^rOJI m., gen. yrJia, prepos. b yrjiy y^apEXb HoroH B flBepb. To kick
1. corner. yroJi j^OMa. The corner at the door. y;;apHXb koto-jihCo
of a house. CxoflTb na yrJiy ymi- pyKOH no njieny. To strike somebody
nti. To stand at the corner of the on the shoulder.
street. CnAexb b yrJiy KOMnaxH. y^APHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH, -ioxch
To sit in the corner of the room. imp. o6o Hxo? ^eM?/p. y^a-
2. an^le. noflyrji6M45°(c6poKnHXb plHXbCH, -K)Cb, -nmbCH, -HXCH
rpajtycoB). At an angle of 45°. to strike oneself, to hit oneself
<0> XoflHTb H3 yrjia b yroji. To H y/^apHJICH pyKoii o Kpaii cxojia.
walk up and down the room, yroji / knocked my hand against the edge
speHHA. A point of view. Ils-sa of the table.
yrjia. From round the corner. y^ATbCH see yJ^ABATbCH
yrOJIb m., gen. yrjiH coal yAHBflTbCfl see yj5HBJlHTbCH
KaMenHMH yroJib. Coal. ^oSHBaxb yflRBJlHlTbCH, -locb, -erabcfl, -loxcfl
yrojib. To mine coal. yBe-nHHHBaxb imp. KOMy? HeMy?//?. yAH|BHXb-
To increase the coal CH, -BJiiocb, -BHmbCH, -BHXCH to be
;to6uHy yrjin.
output. surprised
yrocTiiTb see yromAxb H yflHBHJiCH ero cjiOBaM. / was
surprised at his words.
yromA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko- yj^OBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form
to? ^eM? / p. yrolcxHXb, -^^y, yAoSen, yfloSnla, -o, -u; adv. y^odHO
-cxHmb, -cxHT to treat 1. comfortable. Yjx66uoe Kpecjio.
yrocxHXb xoBapHn;a ^aeM. To treat A comfortable chair. On y^oSHO
one's friend to tea. CHjieJi B Kpecjie. He sat comfort-
y;^A|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not ably in an armchair. predic. |

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -loxcfl imp./ impers. (it is) comfortable. Sflecb
p. y^axbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used. oneHb yfl66Hopa66xaxb. It is very
 yflo 153 yjiH

comfortable to work here. BaM ySKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
YAoSho CH;^eTb? Are you sitting y30K, ysKa, y3K|o, -n; comp. yjKe
comfortably? 1. narrow. ysKan yjinna. A nar-
2. predic. impers. (it is) con- row street. VsKHe SpioKH. Nar-
venient. yA66HO JIH rOBOpHTL row trousers. BpiOKH nyjKHO c^e-
06 3T0M? Isn't it awkward to Jiaxb yme. The trousers must be
speak about that? made narrower.
YAOBOJIbCTBHE neut. pleasure 2. fig. narrow, particular. y3KaH
Konnepx aocTaenji Mne 6ojii.m6e cnennaJibHOCXb. A
narrow speci-
yfliOBOJiLCTBHe. / enjoyed the concert ality. y3KHe HHxepecH. Narrow
very much. H cjiyraan neena c yjj,o- interests.
BOJibCTBHeM. / listened to the sing- 3. only short form ysoK, ysKa,
er with pleasure. -6, -H too tight. 3x0 njiaxbe ya-
yE3H{A|Tb, -K), -eniL, -K)t imp./ k6 mhc. This dress is too tight
p. yexaxb, ye^ly, -emb, -yx to go for me.
away y3HA|BATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./
Vexaxb 0XJ^Hxaxb. To go on one's p. y3Ha|xb, -K), -emb, -lox
holiday. Vexaxb h3 ropoAa b aepes- 1. Koro? Hxo? to recognise. H
HK). To go from town to the country. cpa3y y3HaJi cbok) yjinqy. / rec-
06hhho oh yesjKaex na pa66xy ognised my street at once.
pano yxpoM. He usually goes 2. HXO? O KOM? o qeM? to
to work early in the morning. learn, yanaxb HHxepecnyio h6-
B npomjiOM ro^y h KHKy^a ne Bocxb. To learn interesting news.
yesHtaJi h3 ^OMa. Last year I didn't Ox Hero MM ysnajiH o nocjie^-
go away anywhere. HHX co6biXHflx. We learned the
YEXATb see YESHCATb latest events from him. y3Haxb
y^ particle emphasising the meaning MHoro HHxepecHoro. To learn a
of the word to which it refers really lot of interesting things.
OneHb yjK njioxo oh c^ejiaji 9x0. 3. to know. Co BpeMencM mh
He really did that very badly. Th y3HaJiH ero Jiyqme. Later we got
ym He roBopn CMy 06 axoM. Don't to know him better.
you tell him about that. y3HATb see ySHABATb
y^E adv. already yfiTfl see yXOaflTb
H yme ^Hxan axy KHPiry. / have yKPACHTb see yKPAfflATb
already read that book. Yme no pa yKPACTb see KPACTb
HflXH AOMOH. It's already time to go yKPAmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
home. MoH chh yjKe BspocJibiH. ^xo? HeM? / p. yKpa|cHXb, -my,
My son is already grown-up. -cnmb, -CHX
SjiKRH m. supper 1. to deck. yKpamaxb ropo^ (|)jia-
XoJiOflHLiH fmuR. A
cold supper. raMH. To deck a town with flags.
C-becxb yH^HH. To eat one's supper. 2. to decorate. Llsexti ynpamaiox
IIpHroxoBHXb yjKHH. To cook one's KOMHaxy. Flowers decorate a room.
supper. BeceflOBaxb aa ymnuoM. yKPEnflTb see yKPEHJlHTb
To talk at supper. CeroAHfl na yjKHH yKPEHJlHlTb, -H), -emb,^ -lox imp.
pH6a. There is fish for supper to- Hxo? qeM?//7. yKpe|nHXb, -njiio,
day, nocjie ywHHa. After supper. -nnmb, -nnx
yaCHHAITb, -emb, -rox imp./
-JO, 1. to fortify. yKpenjifixb ropo^. To
p. noyjKHHa|xb, -10, -emb, -lox to fortify a town.
have supper 2. fig. to strengthen. VKpennxb
BKycHO noy»«HHaxb. To have a tasty BAOpOBbe. To strengthen one's
supper. health, ynpenjinxb flpywecxBen-
SSEJl m., gen. ysjia Hbie CBH3H. To strengthen friend-
1. knot. KpeuKHH yaeji. A tight knot. ly ties.
3aBfl3axb yaeji. To tie a knot. ^JIHI^A /.
2. fig. knot, yaeji npoxEBope^HH. 1. street. TjiaBnan yjinna. The
A knot of contradictions. main street. H muBy na yjiHn,e
yjiy 154 VMbl

ropbKOro. / live in Gorky Street. Ha yMe. To know which side one's

Hath no yjiHi^e. To go along the bread buttered on.
is Ym xopomo,
street. a flea jiyime (proverb). Gf. Two
2. outside. Bhhth na ynnqy. To heads are better than one.
go out. Ha yjiHii,e xojiOAnee, HeM yMEHbmAlTbj -K), -emb, -lox imp.
flOMa. It's colder outside than in- Hxo?/ p. yMeHbm|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax
side. to lessen, to reduce
yjiynniAlTb, -ro, -emb. -rox imp. yMenbrnnxb AaBJienne. To lessen
1T0?/ p. yjiyHin|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax the pressure. yMCHbmHTb CKopoCTb.
to improve To reduce the speed. yMeubmHTb
yjiyquiaxb >KH3Hb Hapo^a. To im- KOJiHHecTBo paGoMHX. To cut down
prove the people's life. yjiyqmaTb the number of workers.
yCJiOBHH pa66TLi. To improve working yMEHbfflA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
conditions. not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch
yjiyHfflA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not imp. /p. yMeHbin|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd
used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -iotch imp. /p. pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
yjiyqinlHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not -axcH to lessen, to decrease
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axcfl to im- J]|aBjieHHe yMenbmHJiocb. The pres-
prove sure has decreased. PaccToauHe Me>K-
Moe s^opoBbe yjiynrnHjiocb. My Ay qjiMH SmcTpo yMeubmaJiocb. The
health has improved. OTHoraeHHH distance between us was fast growing
uemjiY 3THMH CTpanaMH yjiynmaiOT- shorter.
CH. The relations between these coun-
tries are improving.
yMEHbinHTb see yMEHbinATb
yjiyHfflHTb yjiyqiHATb see
yMEHbfflHTbCH yMEHblHATb-
see

yjiynmHTbCH see yjiyqiHATbCH CH

yjIbIBA|TbCH, -locb, -embcH, -iotch yMEPETb see yMHPATb
imp. K M y? HeMy?/p. (momen- yME|Tb, -emb, -iot imp. usu. -f
-K),

taneous action) yjibi6HlyTbCH, -ycb, imp. inf.) p. cyMe|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot
-embCH, -yTCfl to smile -f- p. inf. to be able, can

yjibi6HyTbCH Apyry. To smile to a H yMeio HHxaTb. / can read. Oh

friend. yMeeT nrpaTb b TeuHHC. He can
yjII>IB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok smile play tennis. Ona cyMejia AoSnTbCH
PaAOCTHaH yjibi6Ka. A joyous smile. yBaH^euHH. She succeeded in winning
FoBopHTb c yjitiSKOH. To say with respect.
a smile. CMOTpexb na peSeHKa c yMHPA|Tb, -K), -emb, -k>t ^ imp.f
JiacKOBOH yjitiSKOH. To look at a p. yMepcTb, yMply, -emb, -yT, past
child with a kind smile. yMep, yMepjia, yMepji|o, -h
yjIblBHyXbCH see yjIblBAXbCH 1. to die. yMepeTb b 6oi6. To die
yM m. in battle. yMepeTb ot rojio^a.
1. no pi. intellect, mind, intel- To
die of hunger.
ligence. rjiySoKHii yM. A pro- 2. to die. 3th n^en ne yMpyT.
fig.
found intellect. HejioBeK 6ojib- These ideas are immortal.
moro yMa. A man of great in- <> yMHpaxb CO cMexy. To die of
telligence. laughing. yMnpaxb c roJiOAy (fig.).
2. intellect. Jlyqmne yMw nejioee- To be starving.
necTBa. The greatest intellects of yMHiblH, -an, -oe, -we, short form
mankind. yMCH, yMHa, yMH|6, -h; adv. yMHo
<0^ C^oxaTb B yMe. To count men- clever
tally. Mne npHmjio Ha yw. It yMHHH HeJioseK. clever person. A
occurred to me. J^eJiaxb ito-jih- Oh yMCH. He is clever. Oh bcji ce-
6o c yMOM. To do something clev- 6h yMHo. He behaved cleverly.
erly. BosbMHCb 3a yM. Be reason- yMbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-
able. CoHTH c yMa. To go mad. r 6? H X o? He m?//?. yMuxb, yMolio,
BbiTb 6e3 yMa ox Kor6-JiH6o. -emb, -IOT to wash
To dote on somebody. Bbixb ce6e yMUBaTb jihi;6 xojioahoh boaoh.
 .

VMbl 155 ycji

To wash one's face with

cold water. KOJiSe. The level of the liquid in
VMHEaTB pe6eHKa. To wash a child. a flask.
yMblBAlTbCH, -locb, -enibCH, -iotch 2. fig. standard, level. ypoBenb
imp. ^eM?/p. yMHTbCfl, yMoIiocb, MKH3HH Hapo^a. The living stan-
-embCfl, -IOTCH to wash dard of the people. KyjibxypHHH
yMHBaxbCfl TenjiOH bo;i;6h. To wash ypOBeub. The level of culture.
with warm water. yMbiBaTbCH c mh- yP05KAB[ m. harvest
JiOM. To wash with soap. BoraxbiH ypomafi. A rich harvest.
yMKlTbCfl see yMblBATbCH Co6paxb ypojKan. To gather in the
yHHBEPMAr m. department store harvest.
U[eHTpaJibHHH yHHBepMar. The cen- yPOK m.
tral department store. Kynnxb najib- 1. lesson. HnxepecHMH ypoK. An
t6 b yHHBepMare. To buy an over- interesting lesson. BHXb na ypo-
coat at a department store. Ke. To be at lesson. Ono3-
a
yHHBEPCHTET m. ^axb Ha ypoK. To be late for a
1. university. Mockobckhh rocy- lesson. ypoK pyccKOro HSHKa.
j^apcTBeHHHH yHHBepcHxeT. Mos- A Russian lesson.
cow State University. yqHXbCH 2. lesson, homework. Buymnh
B yHHBepcHxeTe. To study at a ypoK. To learn one's lesson. C^e-
university jiaxb ypoKH. To do one's home-
2, university. yuHBepcHTeT Kyjib- work.
xypH. A university of culture. 3. fig. lesson. Ilycxb axo Cy^ex
yHHHTOHCAlTb, -K), -euib, -lox imp. BaM ypoKOM. Let that be a lesson
Koro? qxo? ^.Qu>|p. ynnnxo- to you.
H{|HXb, -y, -HDib, -ax to destroy yCflJlHBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
yHHHx6>KHXb BpajKecKyio apMHK). Hxo?/p. ycHJi|Hxb, -K), -nmb, -hx
To wipe out the enemy army. to strengthen
yHHHT05KHTb see yHHHTOHCATb ycHJiHTb 3HCij,HnjiHHy. To strength-
ynACTb see HA^ATb en discipline. ycHJiHXb Ha6jiio;;e-
ynOTPEBHTb see ynOTPEBJDlTb HHe. To intensify observation.
ynOTPEBJiHiTb, -H), -euib, -lox imp. yCflJIHBAITbCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not
mo?/ p. ynoxpe|6HXb, -6jii6, -6Hmb, used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp./
-6hx to use p. ycHJilHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
ynoxpeSjiflXb nocjioBHi^bi b penn. used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch to in-
To use proverbs when speaking. crease
ynoxpeSjiHXb HOBbie cjiOBa. To use niyM ycHjiHJiCfl. The noise was grow-
new words. ing louder.
ynPABJlUlTb, -K), -enib, -lox imp. yCflJlHTb see yCflJIHBATb
K e M? H e M? yCflJIHTbCH see yCflJIHBATbCH
1. to drive. ynpaBjiHXb MamnHofi. yCJiOBHE neut.
To drive a motor-car. 1. data, condition. IIoHaxb ycjio-
2. to govern. ynpaBjiHxb cxpanoH. BHe sa/ta^H. To understand the
To govern a country. data of a problem. 3x0 rjiaBHoe
ynPAHCHEHHE neut. exercise ycJiOBHe ycnexa. This is the
JlerKoe ynpa^KnenHe. An easy exer- chief condition for success.
cise. TpyjtHoe ynpamneHHe. A dif- 2. only pi. conditions. npHpo^Hbie
ficult exercise. C^eJiaxb ynpaJKne- ycjTOBHH. Natural surroundings.
HHe. To do an exercise. ycjiOBHH JKH3HH. Living condi-
ynPHMlbia, -an, -oe, -ue, short tions. Pa66xaxb b xawejibix yc-
form ynpHM, -a, -0, -h; adv. ynpH- JiOBHflX. To work under difficult
MO stubborn conditions. Coa^axb HopMajibume
ynpHMMH qejiOBCK. A stubborn per- ji;jiH paSoxu. To provide
ycJiOBHH
son. Oh oHCHb ynpHM. He is very normal conditions for work.
stubborn. <> B TaKHX (3THX) yCJlOBHflX...
>^POB|EHb m , gen. -hh Under such (these) conditions.
1. level. ypoBCHb h{h;^kocxh b yCJIb'IfflATb see CJlKimATb
yen 156 yxo

yCHEBAlTb, -K), -ensh, -K)t imp. ycxajioe JiHn6. A haggard face. Oh

inf./ p. ycnelTb, -lo, -einb, -K)t
-|- BMrjiflfleji ycxajio. He looked tired.
usu.-\-p. inf. yCTATb see yCTABAXb
1. to have enough time (to do yCTH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -ue; adv. ycTHO
something). Oh ycneji npo^HTaxb oral
KHHry B cpOK. He managed to ycxHHH aKaaMCH. An oral examina-
finish the book in time. Oh ycneji tion. ycxHoe aaHBjienne. An oral
npHHTH K ywHHy. He was in statement. OxBenaxb ycxHO. To
time for supper. answer orally.
2.: He ycnejin mh Buexaib h3 yCTPAHBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.
ropofla, KaK nomeji jio>Kjs,h. qxo?/p. ycxpolHXb, -10, -nmb, -ht
Hardly had we left the town when 1. to arrange. Ycxponxb Konqepx.
it began raining. To arrange a concert. ycxpoHXb
3. only imp.: 3tot CTyaeHT He Be^ep. To arrange an evening'
ycneBaeT no $H3HKe. This stu- party.
dent is backward in physics. 2. Koro? colloq. to suit. MeHH 6x0
yCHETb see yCHEBATb He ycxpaHBaex. That doesn't
ycnPiX m. success suit me.
^o6HTbCfl ycnexa b paSoxe, To yCTPOHTb see yCTPAHBATb
achieve success in one's work. CnoK- yCKl, ^ing. yc used rarely mous-
TaKJib HMCJi 6oJibm6H ycnex. The tache (s)
performance was a great success. Jl|jiHHHLie ycH. A long moustache.
JKeJiaio BaM ycnexoBl / wish you HocHXb ycti. To wear a moustache.
success! yXOHyTb see TOHyXb
ycnOKAHBAITb, -H), -emb, -iot imp. yXPEHHIHfl, -ee, -ne morning
-nn,
KOTO? / p. ycnoKolHTb, -10, -nmb, yxpcHHee c6jiHn;e. The morning sun.
-HT to calm, to reassure yxpeHHHH nporyjiKa. A morning
VcnoKOHTb 6ojibH6ro. To reassure stroll.
the patient. YcnoKOHTb HepBH. To yXPO neut., dat. pi. no yxpaM morn-
calm one's nerves. ing
ycnOKAHBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, Csemee yxpo. A cool morning. C ca-
-lOTCH imp. /p. ycnoKOlHTbCfl, -locb, MOro yxpa. From early in the morn-
-nmbCH, -HTCfl ing. Hnxaxb KHiiry ao yxpa. To
1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe- read the book till morning. B 7 Ha-
6eH0K ycnoKOHjiCH. The child has coB yxpa. At 7 o'clock in the morn-
quietened. Mope ycnOKOHJiocb. ing.
The sea became calm. yXPOM adv. in the morning
2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib ycno- BcxaBaxb pano yxpoM. To get up
KOHJiacb. The pain has abated. early in the morning. 3aBxpa yx-
3. to rest. He ycnoKaiiBaTbca na poM MH Bce pemHM. We'll settle
AOCTHrnyTOM. Not to rest on everything tomorrow morning.
one's achievements. yXiDr m.r gen. -a iron
ycnOKOHTb see ycnOKAHBATb FopHHHH yxior. A hot iron. Fji^*
yCnOKOHTbCH see YCnOKAH- To iron (to press).
^HXb yxioroM.
BATbCH yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear
yCTAlBATb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. + BojibHHe ymn. Bad ears.
inf. /p. ycTa|Tb, -ny, -nemb, -Hyx <> CKasaTb Ha yxo. To whisper
to get tired into somebody's ear. He BepHTb
Bqepa h oqenb ycxaJi. / got very CBOHM ymaM. Not to believe one's
tired yesterday. Vcxaxb ox cnopa. ears. Ho ymii BJiio5HTbCfl b Koro-
To get tired of arguing. Vcxaxb JiA6o. To
be head over heels in love
xanneBaxb. To get tired of dancing. with somebody.
yCTAJI|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He; adu. ycxa- yXOJ^flXb, yxoHty, yxoanrab, yxo-
Jio tired flHX imp./ p. yHXH, VHAJy, ^ -emb,
VcxajiLiH ^eJiOBeK. A
tired person. -yx, past ymeji, ymji|a, -6, -h to go
ycxaJiHH BsrJiHfl. A
tired look. away, to leave
 .

yxy 157 <1>AK

Oh KynHJi KHHry h yraeji h3 Mara- yHEH|bItt, -an, -oe, -He

SHHa. He bought the hook and left 1. scientific, academic. YHCHaH
the shop. Bee na 9KCKypcHH).
ynijiii cxeneHb. An academic degree.
Everybody has gone on an excursion. 2. used as n. scientist. HsBecxHbiH
^ Oh yraeJi c tojioboh b paSoxy. y^eHHH. A
well-known scientist.
He is up to his eyes in work. ynflTEJIIb m., pi. -n teacher
yxy^niAlTb, -lo, -emb, -lOT imp. y^Hxejib (|)H3HKH. A
physics teach-
HTO? / p. yxy^niHTb, yxyAmly, er. Pa66xaxb yqnxejieM b mKOJie,
-nmb, -ax to make worse To work as a schoolmaster. Cxaxb
yxy^niHTb CBoe nojiOHCCHHe. To y^HxejieM. To become a teacher.
make one's situation worse. ynflTb, yqy, yHHmb, y^ax imp.
yxyAfflAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 1. p. Bbiyq|HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax h x o?
used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./ to learn. YqHXb ypoK. To learn
p. yxyj^m|HTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. one's lesson. Bwy^nxb cxhxoxbo-
not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axca to penne. To learn a poem.
deteriorate, to become worse 2. p. HayHHXb, Hayqy, Haynnmb,
IIojioJKeHHe B CTpaee yxyamnjiocb. Haynax ^ e m y? &-}-inf.^ to
The situation in the country has teach. yHHXb nnxaxb h nncaxb.
deteriorated. SflopoBbe 6oJibH6ro To teach to read and to write.
yxyjimHJiocb. The patient's health y^nxb pyccKOMy asHKy. To
has become worse. teach Russian.
yx^AfflHTb see yxyAmAxb ynflTbCH, yqycb, ynnmbCH, yqaxcH
yX^AniHTbCfl see yxyAoiATbCH imp. H e M y? & -f- inf./p. nayqiixb-
ynACTBIOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT CH, Hayqycb, Hay^HiiibCH, nayHaxca
imp. H e M? to take part
B 1. to learn, to study. Yraxb-
ynaCTBOBaxb b copeBHOBaHHHX. To Cfl njiasaxb. To learn to swim.
take part in competitions ynnxbCH pyccKOMy asLiKy. To
study Russian.
yHACTHE neut., no pi. b qeM? 2. no p. to study. Moh 6pax
participation
y^Hxca B yHHBepcHxexe. My
ripHHjixb yqacxne b KOHn,epxe. To
brother studies at the university.
take part in a concert.
<^ BeK HCHBH —
BBK yqHCfa (prov-
yHACTHHK m. participant Ci. Live and learn.
erb).
ynACTlOK m., gen. -Ka yiDTHIblH, -aa, -oe, -bie; adv. yiox-
1. section. JIbchoh ynacxoK. sec- A HO cosy, comfortable
tion of a forest. yioxaaa KOMHaxa. A cosy room.
2. sector. Ba>KHHH ynacxoK pa66- Sjiecb OMeub yioxno. It is very com-
XM. An important sector of work. fortable here.
3. district. HsSHpaxejibHHH y^a-
cxoK. An electoral district.
yHEBHHK m. text-book
yqeSHHK pyccKoro asuKa. A Rus-
sian text-book. yneSHHK aJth xex- OABPHKA /. factory
HH^ecKHx HHCXHxyxoB. A text-book TeKCXHJibHaa (J)a6pHKa. A textile
for technical institutes. factory. PaSoxaxb aa ^aSpane. To
yHKBHlbin, -aH, -oe, -ue school, work at a factory.
academic OAKT m. fact
yneGHWH rOA A school (academic) ^eHCXBHxejibBbiH (|)aKX. A real fact.
year. YqeGnoe nocoSne. An aid to OaKXbi roBopax o xom, axo oh 6iiia
study, a teaching aid. npaB. The facts show that he was
yHEHflK m., gen. -a right.
1. pupil. yqeHHK cpeAHen raKOJiH. OAKyjIbTET m. faculty, department
A
secondary-school pupil. cDhjioc6(|)CKHH ^anyabxex. The phi-
2. pupil, disciple. ynemiK snaMe- losophy department, yqaxbca aa
HHxoro npo|)eccopa. The famous XHMHaecKOM (|)aKyabxexe. To study
professor's pupil. at the chemistry department. Ilocxy-
<I>AM 158 XAP

HHTb Ha $H3HqeCKHH ^aKyJILT^T. 2. gusher. He^xHHOH ^OHxaH. An

To enter the physics department. oil-gusher.
OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name oOpma /.
cDaMHJiHH cxyj^eHxa. The student's 1. shape. Cxoji KpyrjroH (|)6pMH.
name. KaK Baiua 4>aMHJiHH? What's A round table. npe^Mex HMeex
your name? Moh $aMHJiHH HfiaHOB. (|)6pMy uiapa. The object has the
My name is Icanov. shape of a ball.
OEBPAJI|b m., gen. -a February 2. form. CoaepwaHHe n $6pMa.
B (JeBpaJie ^acio 6i>iBaioT Mexejin. The content and the form.
In February there are often snow- 3. uniform. BocHHan $opMa. Mili-
storms. SaBxpa nrixoe (^esipaJiH. To- tary uniform.
morrow is the fifth of February. <> BbiTb B 4>6pMe. To be in good
Oh yeawaex BOCbMoro (|)eBpaJiH. He form. EbiTb He b ^^^pMe. Not
leaves on the eighth of February. to be in good form.
onry^PA /. OOPTOHIKA /., gen. pi. -eu fortochka
1. figure. CxpoHHan (^nrypa. A (a small hinged window pane used
slender form. Y
xoponian
ne'e
for ventilation)
(|)Hrypa. She has a good figure. OxKptixb ^opxoqKy. To open the
2. figure.FeoMexpHHecKan (fnrypa. fortochka. Cnaxb npn oxKpbixoH
A geometrical figure. $6ptt)HKe. To sleep with the for-
OflSHKA /. physics tochka open.
EpoGjiGMH $i]3HKH. The problems
of physics. 3aHHMaxtca 4>h3hkoh.
OOTOAnnAPAT m. camera
To study physics. JIckuhh no (|)h- CHHMaxb ^oxoannapaxoM. To pho-
tograph.
BHKe. Lectures on physics. fljiepHaa
(|)H3HKa. Nuclear physics. OOTOrPAcDflPlOBATb, -yio, -yemb,
<DH3flHECK|Hn, -afl, -oe, -ne -yiox imp. ko r 6? h x o? /p. c$o-
1. physical. (DH3HqecKafl cvtna. Phys- xorpa$Hp|OBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
ical 3aHHMaxbCH ^u-
strength. to photograph
3HHecKHM xpyfliOM. To do physi- (Doxorpa^npoBaxb peSeHKa. To pho-
cal work. tograph a child.
2. physics. OHSHHecKHii $aKyjib- OPOHT m., pl.^ -LI front
xex. The physics department. Haxh Ha ^poHX. To go to the front.
OH3KyjIbT5^PA /. {= (J)H3HHec- CpajKaxbCH Ha (|)p6Hxe. To be fight-
Kaa Ky-^Lxypa) physical culture ing at the front.
SauHMaxbCH (|)H3KyJitxypoH. To go OP5^KTbI otzZt/ pi. fruit
in for physical culture. 3aHflXHH CBmne ^pyKXbi. Fresh fruit. Uo-
no $H3KyjiBxype. Physical culture Kynaxb $pyKXH b MarasHHe. To buy
lessons. fruit at a shop.
OHJIbM m. film OYTBOJI m. football
Hayqno-nonyjiHpHHH ^hjilm. A Hrpaxb B (|)yx66ji. To play football.
popular science film. J^OKyMenxaJib- CopeBHOBauHH no $yx66jiy. Foot-
HMH (J)HJibM. A
documentary film. ball competitions.
Xy;;6>KecxBeHHbiH $HJibM. feature A
film.
X, X
OJIAP m. flag
Focy/^apcxBeHHHH $Jiar, The nation-
al flag. XAJIAT m. overalls
OJIOT m. fleet FaSoHHH xajiax. Overalls. KynaJib-
BoeHHO-MopcKOii The navy.
(|)Jiox. HLiH xaJiax. A
bath-robe. J^OM&ni-
ToproBHH $Jiox. The merchant ma- HHH xajiax. A
dressing-gown.
rine. BoBAyniHbiH $jiox. The air fleet. XAPAKTEP m.
OOHTAH m. 1. character. CHJibHWH xapaKxep.
1. fountain. Ha njion^aAH 6uji (|)oh- A strong character. TBepflWH xa-
xaH. There was a fountain in the paKxep. A
strong character. Bo-
square. jieB6H xapaKxep. A
strong-willed
XBA 159 XOJl

person. HepxH xapaKxepa. Traits 2. pi. xjieSbi, gen. pi. xJie6oB loaf.
of character. KpyrJiHH A
round loaf.
xjie6.
2. nature. XapaKxep mgcthocth. 3. pi. xJie6a, gen. pi. xjieSoB corn.
The nature of the country. ySopKa xJie66B. The corn har-
XBAJIfiTb, xBajiK), xBaJiHinb, XBajiHx vest.
imp. Koro? hto? 3a hto?/ XJIOniOK m., gen. -Ka cotton
p. noxBajiHTb, noxBajiio, noxBa- XOJl,flTb, xojKy, xo^Hmb, xoji^fiT imp.
jiHmb, noxBajiHT to praise (cf. CX0AHTb2)
XBajiHTb yqeHHKa sa xopomnH ot- 1. to walk. On AOJiro xo^hji no
Bex. To praise a pupil for his good KOMuaxe. He walked about the
answer. XBaJiiixb hobmh cxanoK. room for a long time.
To praise a new machine-tool. 2. to go. ^exH xdjiiiT B mKOJiy.
XBATAiTb^, -K), imp. ko-
-enib, -lox Children go to school. Ohh Macxo
to? Hxo?//>. cxBaxHXb, cxBany, xoztHX B rocxH. They often go
cxBaxnmb, cxBaxHx to seize visiting. Ka}Kji;yio cy656xy cxy-
Oh cxBaxHJi mchh 3a pyny. He ^enxLi xojifiT na Benepa. Every
seized my hand. Saturday the students go to eve-
ning-parties.
XBATAlTb^, -ex, past -jio impers.,
3. to wear. Oh Bcerji;a xo/^hx b nep-
imp. I p. XBaxHXL, XBaxHx, past
HOM KOcxiOMe. He always wears
XBaxHJio to have enough
a black suit.
Mm xBaxHX BpeMenn cj;ejiaxb ypoKU.
Xo^HTb neiiiKOM. To go on foot.
<>
They'll have enough time to do their
lessons. EMy ne XBaxaex BpeMenu
X03I1HH m., pi. xoBflGBa, xosaeB
1. host. Xo3flHH flOMa. The master
xopomo yqnxb ypoKH. He has no
of the house. Xobhhh npurJiacHJi
time to learn his lessons well.
rocxen k cxoJiy. The host asked
<> 3Toro emie hg XBaxaJio! As if
the guests to take their places at
we didn't have enough trouble with-
table.
out that!
2. owner, master. XoaanH yca^b-
XBATflTb see XBATATb^ 6li, $a6pHKH. The owner of an
XBOCT m., gen. -a tail estate, factory. \\ fig. Xo3HHH
XHMflHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne CBoero BpeMeuH. The master of
1. chemical. XnMHqecKHH aJieMenx. one's time. Xo3hhh cboch cy;i,b-
A chemical element. 6li. The master of one's own
2. chemistry, chemical. XfiMH^e- destiny.
CKHH ^aKyjibxex. The chemistry X03HHCTB0 neut.
department. XnMitqecKaH JiaSo- 1. no pi. economy. CouHaJiHCXH^ec-
paxopHH. A
chemical laboratory. Koe xo3flHCXBO. Socialist econo-
XflMHH /. chemistry my. Hap6;i;Hoe xoshhcxbo. Na-
HeopraHuqecKaa xhmhh. Inorganic tional economy. CeJibCKoe X03flH-
chemistry. OpramiqecKafl xhmhh. CXBO. Agriculture.
Organic chemistry. Hsyiiaxb xhmhk). 2. farm. KojineKXHBHoe xobhh-
To study chemistry. CXBO. A collective farm. Uepej^o-
XflTPlbin, -aH, -oe, -He Boe X03fjHCXB0. A progressive
1. cunning, crafty. XnxpbiH nejio- farm. OxcxaJioe xoshhcxbo. A
BeK. A cunning person. XHxpLie backward farm.
rjia3a. Crafty eyes. Xnxpan XOJIOAflJIbHHK m. refrigerator
yjibiSKa. A
cunning smile. JI^OCTdiRhMaCJIO H3 XOJIOAHJIbHHKa!
2. fig. tricky. XiixpHH Bonpoc. A Get the butter out of the refrigera-
tricky question. tor/
XJIEB m. XOJIOJi;Hlblfl. -an, -oe, -He, short
1. no pi. bread. BejiMii xJie6. White form xojiOAen, xojioahsI, x6jioah|o,
bread. ^epHHH XJie6. Brown -Bi; adv. xoJioAHO
bread. CBeJKHH xJie6. Fresh 1. cold. XoJiOAHHH Bexep. cold A
bread. MarKHH xjieG. Soft bread. wind. XoJio/iHHH ^an. Cold tea.
HepcxBHH xjie6. Stale bread. 2. fig. cold. XojioAHHH oxBex. A
XOP 160 UBE

cold answer. XoJionHLie OTHOrae- xoJiOflHJiLHHKe. To keep butter in

HHH. Cold relations. Xojioahlih a refrigerator.
BsrJiHA- A cold look. Oh OTBe- 2. to kGGp. XpaHHXb nncbMa flpy-
THJi x6jio;tHO. He answered
coldly. ra. To keep one's friend's let-
\predic. impers. Ha yjiHU,e 6hjio ters. XpaHHXb B naMflXH 66pa3
xoJioflHO. It was cold outside. MaxGpn. To keep the image of
•0-IIOJIHTHKa XOJIOAHOH BOHHU. one's mother in one's memory.
Cold war policy. XyaOHCECTBEHHIblfl, -an. -og, -ue
XOPOIIIIHfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form artistic
xopoui, -a, -6, -h; adv. xopomo; XyAOHtGCXBGHHOG npOH3BGAGHHG. A
comp. jiyHme (q. v.) good work of art. XyflOHtGcxBGHHaH jih-
XopomaH noro^a. Fine weather. Xo- xGpaxypa. Fiction. Xy;^6>KGCXBGH-
poiuee HacTpoeHHG. good mood. A HMH $HJibM. A feature film.
XopouiHH roJTOc. A good voice. Xopo- XyAOHcecTBCHHafl caMonenTejib-
<^
lUHH OTBGT. A
good auswer. Xopomo HOCTb. Amateur theatricals.
HrpaTL B maxMaxH. To play chess XYAOHCHHK m.
well. 3to ohghl xopomo. It is very 1. artist, painter. TajiaHXjiHBbiH
good.\predic. impers. Xopomo 6uno xyflOJKHHK. A
gifted artist.
3a ropoflOMl It was good in the 2. mastGF. XyAOHtHHK cjiona. A
country! Xopomo 6ti noexaxb 3a fnaster of elocution.
ropofl! It would be good to go to XyjXlOU, -aH, -06, -HG thin
the country! XyAOH pgSghok. thin child.a
<>Bcero xoporaero! All the best! X^5KE comp. of adj. nJioxoH & adv.
njioxo
XOTETb, xoMy, xoqemb, xonex, xothm, 1. worsG, not so good. IIoroAa
XOTHTG, xoTHT imp. ^ B T 6? or-\-
CGroAHH xywG, qGM BHGpa. To-
inf./p. 3axoTeTb, 3axoqy, 3ax6-
day the weather is not so good
Hcmb, saxoHGT, saxoTiiM, aaxoTHxe, as it was yesterday.
aaxoxHx to want 2. worsG. Oh qyBcxBycx CG6fl xy-
Oh xoxeji bhagxl gg. He wanted to 5KG, tiGMBHGpa. He feels worse
see her. PgGgbok xotgji KOfl(|)GX. than he did yesterday.
The child wanted some sweets. H
xony, Hxoobi xbi npnmGji cevojjjaa.
BGHGpoM. / want you to come to-
night.
XOTETbCH impers. xo^Gxcfl imp. I|AP|b m., gen. -A
KOMy? Horo? or -f ^^/- //>• 1. tsar. PyccKHH i;apb. Tlie Rus-
saxoxGXbCH, 3ax6qGxcfl to want sian Tsar.
Mhg xohgxch noiixH b xcaxp. / want 2. king. I^apb sBGpcH. The king of
to go to the theatre. Mhg xohgxch animals. Hapb nxHi5. The king of
nnxb. / am. thirsty. Euf xoxGJiocb birds.
CKOpGG noHXH K HGH. He wanted to <0> Hpii qape Topoxe. In olden
go to her as soon as possible. times. Be3 i^apa e rojioee. None
XOTH (XOTb) conj. though too clever.
IlyXGraGCXBGHHHKH flBHHyJIHCb B I^BElCTft, -xy, -xeuib, -xyx, past nBeji,
nyxb, xoxH 6mjio xgmho. The trav- nBGJi|a, -6, -H imp to blossom
ellers started on their journey though I^BGxex CHpGHb. The lilacs are in
it was dark. blossom. BHmHH ijBexex. The cherry-
XPABP|WBf, -an, -og, -wg; adv. xpa6- trees are in blossom.
po bravG I^BET m., pl.-& colour
XpafipbiH coJinax. A brave soldier. KaKoro nBexa Bamc naJibxo? What
XpaSpbiH nocxynoK. A brave ac- colour is your coat? ITajibxo ceporo
tion. XpaSpo cpajKaxbCH. To fight itBGxa. A
grey coat. IlJiaxbH npKHX
bravely. nBGxoB. Gay- coloured dresses.
XPAH|flTb, -10, -Hfflb, -Hx imp. hxo? I^BETII|Ofl, -an, -6e, -hg colourGd
1. to keep. XpaHHXb Macjio b I4BGXHMe KapaHAaran. Coloured
UBE 161 HAfl

pencils. I^BexHOH $H''iI'M. A colour o;i;e>Kfly. To cut the prices of

film. clothes. noBMuieHHe ii,eH na 10%
<0> I^BeTHwe MexaJiaw. Non-ferrous (npoi;eHxoB). A 10 per cent
metals. price rise. CnHmeHHe i;eH na
I^BET|OK m.y gen. -Ka; pi. i;BeTM, 20% (^po^eHXOB). A 20 per cent
itBexoB flower price cut.
^yuiHCTtie i^BexLi. Sweet-smelling 2. fig. value.
flowers. BHpamHBaxb u,bctli. To <> JIio56ii u,eH6M. At any price.
grow flowers. Ona npnuiJia c ubct- I^EHTP m.
KOM B BOJiocax. She came with a 1. centre. I^enxp ropo^a. The centre
flower in her hair. of the city (town). B D;eHxpe
I^EJIHHA /. virgin soil ropoAa. In the centre of the town.
IIoAHHMaTB i;ejiHHy. To plough 2. centre. PaHOHHBin i^enxp. The
virgin lands. OcBaHBaiL i],ejiHHy. centre of a region. npoMBimjieH-
To bring virgin lands under the HBie ueHxpM cxpauBi. The in-
plough. dustrial centres of the country.
I^EJI|OBATL, -yio, -yeiub, -yrox imp. L(eHxp HayKH. A
scientific centre.
Koro? ^T0?//7. noqejiloBaxB, -yio, <0> I^enxp TawecTii, The centre of
-yemfc, -yiox to kiss gravity.
l^ejiOBaxb peSeHKa. To kiss a child. Il.EHTPAJIbHlI>lfl[, -an, -oe, -Bie cen-
non;ejiOBaxB MaxB. To kiss the moth- tral
er. L(eHxpaJiBHBiH xejierpa(|). The cen-
U,EJIlOBATbCH, -yrocB, -yeiuBCH, tral telegraph I^eHxpaJiBHMO
office.
-yioxcfl imp. c k e M?/p.
noinejilo- rasexu. Central newspapers. I][eHX-
BaxBCfl, -yiocB, -yeniBCH, -yiorcH to paJiBHLie yjiHU.Bi. Central streets.
kiss one another I^EIIb /., prepos. o nenn & na uenH
KpenKO noi;ejiOBaxBCfl c ^pyroM. 1. chain. Co6aKa na ncum. The
To kiss one's friend affectionately. dog on a chain.
is
I^l^JIIWfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 2. fig. chain. LJenn rop. Chains of
i;en, ^eJIa, EteJi|o, -u mountains.
1. unbroken. CxaKan ynaJi, ho oc- I^EPKOBb /., gen. i;epKBH; pi. nepK-
xaJiCH ii;eJiBiM. The glass fell, BH, itepKBen, uepKBaM, etc. church
but it did not break. CxapHHHaH i;epKOBB. An old church.
2. only complete form whole. Oh I^EX m., prepos. b n;exy & o (b)
EBinnji uiejiBiH KyBniHH BOj\bi. He nexe; pi. n.exa (work)shop
drank the whole jug of water. Ha^aJiBHHK uexa. A
shop foreman.
<0> I^eji II HeepeAHM. Safe and Pa66xaxB b n;exy (n.exe). To work
sound. at a shop.
^EJlb /. I^HPK m. circus
1. target. CxpejiHXB b i^cjib. To EoHxii B unpK. To go to the cir-
shoot at a target. cus. B uHpKe
Shjio MHoro napofly.
2. objective. IIocxaBHXB ce6e n;ejiBio. There were many people at the cir-
To set oneself as an objective. cus.
J^ocxHHB CBOGH neJiH. To achieve IJ,0a)PA /. figure
one's objective. ^oShxbch hcjih. Pe6eH0K yqujiCH nncaxB nn^pM.
To succeed in one's aim. LJejiB The child was learning to write fig-
WH3HH. One's object in life.
<> C uejibio, B i^ejiflx.,. With the
object of... H, 1
I^EHA /., ace. ri;eHy; pi. u,eHU
1. price. BucoKaH D;eHa. high A ^lAfl m.
price. HiisKHG n;eHBi. Low prices. 1. tea. rpysHHCKHH
qafi. Georgian
IJ[eHa KOCxioMa. The price of tea. riHXb Han. To drink tea.
a suit. noBMinaxB nieHBi na HaniKa Han. A
cup of tea. Kp^n-
npOAyKXBi. To raise prices of KHH qan. Strong tea. TKaj^Knii
food-stuffs. CHHH^axB i;eHBi Ha Han. Weak tea.
11—4002
MAft 162 MEP

2. tea. BeceAOBaxL 3a «iaeM. To HAIU,E comp. qacTO oftener

of adv.
talk over tea. PaHbuie xbi ko mhc qame.
xoAHJi
<> npiujiacHTb iia laiDKy «ian. To You used to come and see me oftener.
ask to tea. fl name xeSji xowy b khho. / go
HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle to the cinema oftener than you do.
HAC m., gen. naca & »iaca (with car- ^lEfl, HbH, »ibe, ^bH pron. whose
dinal num.), prepos. o ^lace, b »iace Heu
bTO cjiOBapb? Whose dictionary
& B... Macy; pi. -w hour is Hbn &X0 xexpa^B? Whose
it?
KoTopuii qac? What time is it? copy-book is this? Hbe bro nepo?
B Mac jiufi. At one o'clock in the Whose pen is this? HbH ^xo KHMra?
afternoon. B iieTBepxoM nacy. Be- Whose books are these?
tween 3 and 4 o'clock. Hepea ABa HEfl-TO, HbH-xo, »ibe-xo, qbii-xo pron.
Haca. In two hours. Ono3ji,aTb Ha somebody's
^ac. To be an hour late. Tpn ^aca fl no omiiGKCb3Hji neii-xo nopx-
HeaaMexHO. Three hours
iipojiexejiH / took somebody's brief-case
(|)ejib.

flew by without anyone noticing it. by mistake.

<> HacM niiK. The rush hours. MEJIOBEK m., pi. jiioah, JHOacm, jiio-
B A66pbiH «iae! Good luck! AHM, jnoAbMii, o jiioAflx man, person
HACTHlblK, -an, -oe, -ue CboGoahum iiejiOBeK. free person. A
1. particular. MacxHtiii cjiyqafl. XopjimHH ^lejiOBeK. good person. A
A particular case. HacxiiuH bo- llac Gbijio HHXb iiejiOBCK. There
npoc. A
particular question. were five of us.
2. private. HacxuaH coGcxBeuHOcxb. O Mojiojs,6ime:iOBeK. A young man.
Private property. MEJI0BE4ECK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne
1. human. HejiOBenecKoe 66mecxBO.
4ACT0 adv., comp. ^ame
often (q.v.)
Human society.
Hacxo Bcxpe^axb ^icjioBeKa. To meet 2. humane, kind. HejiOBeqecKoe
a person often. Macxo xofliixb b oxHomeHne. Humane attitude.
xeaxp. To go to the theatre often. MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. mankind
Hacxo Gojiexb. To be often ill. MEM conj. than
HACT|b /., gen. pi. -efi Bpax cxapmc, "icm cecxpa. The
1. part. Hacxb MauiiinH. A part of brother is older than the sister. On
a machine. BoJibinaH nacxb npnmeji nosAuee, »ieM B^epa. He
AOMa 6unai aannxa cxojiOBoii. came later than yesterday.
Most of the house was occupied <> MeM paHbme, tgm jiymne. The
by a dining-hall. Hacxb Jno^eH earlier, the better.
ynijia c coBpanHH. Some people HEMOj[^AH m. suit-case, trunk
left the meeting. MEMIIHOH m. champion
2. part. HepBafl ^lacxb poMana. The MeMnnon no maxMaxaM. A chess
first part of the novel. champion. MeMnnoH no njiaBannio.
3. part. MacxH CBexa. Parts of the A swimming champion.
world. MEPE3 prep. ace.+
MACtl no sing, timepiece
pi., 1. across. ITepeiixH qepe3 njiouiaAfc.
Pyniiue Hacti. A
wrist watch. Gxeii- To cross a square, riepenjiijxb
Hbie Macbi. A
wall clock. Macw ciie- Mepea peny. To swim across a
luaxiia 5 MHnyx. The clock is 5 min- river.
utes fast. Hacbi oxcxaiox ua 3 mh- 2. over. Epbirnyxb
qepea aaSop.
uyxw. The clock is 3 minutes slow. To jump over a fence.
Hacbi HAYT xopomo. The clock keeps 3. through. Bjieaxb ^lepea okho. To
good time. Hacbi ocxaiiOBHJiHCb. The climb through the window. Haxh
clock has stopped. Hacbi cxohx. The qepea Jiec. To go through the
clock doesn't go. wood.
HAUIIKA /., gen. pi. -ck cup 4. in. OiniBepnyjmcb qepea MecHi;.
^aHHaH A
teacup. Ko^efi-
qaiHKa. They returned a month later.
uaH HamKa. A
coffee cup. Bwuhtb Mepea xpii aha oh yexaji. He
nauiKy ^aio. To drink a cup of tea. left in three days.
 x

MEP 163 HTO

5. every other.... ripHHHMaTB lie- B qncjie apyaen. To be among

KapcTBO qepea qac. To take med- one's friends.
icine every other hour. Xoamtl 2. date. KaKoe cero^HH qncjio?
Kyaa-jiHSo aghb. To go
Hepe3 What is the date today? B nepBWx
somewhere every other day. qncJiax Mapxa. Early in March.
HEPHflJIA pi., no sing, ink <> B TOM »iiicjie... Including...
HepHtie HepHHJia. Black ink. IlHcaTij Hfl|CTHTb, -my, -cxnmb, -cxhx imp.
HepHHjiaMH. To write in ink. H T 0? II e M?
qfiPHlBIfl, -an, -oe, -ue black 1. p. noHH|cxHxb, -my, -cxHmb,
^epHBie BOJiocM. Black hair. -CXHX to clean. Hhcxhxb syGbi
<0>HepHbiM xjie5. Brown bread. mexKoii. To clean one's teeth
Hepnafl HKpa. Black caviare. Hep- with a toothbrush. ^iicxHXb 6o-
Hwii K64>e. Black coffee. XHHKH. To clean one's boots.
4EPT m., pi. ijepxH, qepxeH devil 2. p. OHH|cxHXb, -n];y, -cxnmb, -cxhx
OIIocjiaTb K qepxy. To send to hell. to peel. HncxHXb KapxomKy.
HepT B03bMH! The deuce take it! To peel potatoes. OnHCXHXb aneJib-
HepT c hhm! Let him go to hell! CHH^ To peel an orange.
HEPTA /. HHCT|bIH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
1. line. npoBecTii nepTy. To draw HHcx, HHCxa, 4Hcx|o, -m; adv. qiicxo;
a line. comp. mime
2. boundary. Hepxa
ropoAa. The 1. clean. ^hicxaH BO^a. Clean wa-
city (town) boundary. ter. Hncxbie pyKH. Clean hands.
3. trait, ^epibi xapaKxepa. Traits Hncxan py5amKa. A
clean shirt.
of character. 2. pure. Hiicxoe sojioxo. Pure gold.
<> Hepxbi JiHU,a. Features. Mncxan mepcxb. Pure wool.
HECTHlblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 3. fig. clear. HncxaH coBecxb. Clear
^lecxeH, necxHa, ^lecxHlo, -li; adv. conscience. FoBopiixb na »ihcxom
HecxHO honest pyccKOM H3HKe. To speak good
HecxHfciH HeJiOBeK. An honest per- Russian. Gji,eJiaxb noAsipOK ox
son. HecxHLie rjiaaa. Honest eyes. uiicxoro cepAU;a. To give a pre-
nocxynnxb ^lecxHO. To act hon- sent without any ulterior motives.
estly. HHTAjTb, -K), -emb, -lox iinp. q x o?/
<> J^aTb HecTHoe cjiobo. To give p. npoHHxa|xb, -K), -emb, -lox
one's word of honour. 1. to read, ^nxaxb rasexy. To read
HETBEPO num. four a newspaper. Hnxaxb HymKHHa.
MexBepo flpyaen. Four friends. II To read Pushkin. Hnxaxb BCJiyx.
GbiJio MexBepo. There were four of To read aloud. Hnxaxb npo ce-
them. 6h. To read to oneself.
METBEPT|b /., gen. pi. -en 2. to deliver. Hnxaxb JieKi^Hio.
1. quarter. MexBepxb H6jiOKa. A To deliver a lecture.
quarter of an apple. HJIEH m. member
2. quarter. ^exBepxb naca. quar- A ^Ijien ccMbii. A member of the fa-
ter of an hour. Bea ^exBepxH Hjien napxHH.
tuity. member of A
nflXb. It is a quarter to five. a party, ^jichm npaBiixeJibcxBa.
Ceii^ac nexBepxb mecxoro. It is Members of the government.
a quarter past five. HTEHHE fieut.
HHHflTb, HHHio, imHHUib, HHHHx imp. 1. reading. Knura ajih hxcuhh. A
4X0? I p. noqHHHxb, oomhhk), no- reader, a reading book.
iiHHHuib, noTOHHx to mend 2.reading. ^OMamnee Hxenne.
XIoHHHHXb nacw. To mend a watch. Home-reading.
^Inmrxb nocKit. To mend socks. HTO^ [mxo] pron., gen. qero [hhboI,
HHCJIO neut., pi. qiicjia, qiiceji, hhc- dat. ^CMy, ace. qxo, instr. ^om,
jiaM, etc. prepos. o »]eM what
1 number. I^eJioe hhcjio. A whole Mxo ACJiaxb? What is be done?
to
number. Bojibmoe qncJio jno^eH. Mxo OH CKasaJi? What did he say?
A large number of people. Bbixb 'leM OH AyMaex? What is he
11*
HTO 164 UIAP

thinking about? H CKaaaJi, mo jiytAaJi. ^yAecHan AenymKa. A wonderful

I said what I thought. girl. MyAeceaH norOAa. Wonderful
<> Hto ^o
3a Bemb? What sort weather, fl qyAecHO ce6H qyBcxByio.
of thing is that? / feel fine.
HTO^ [uiTo] conj. that Hym\OVl, -an, -6e, -ne
fl AyMajia, *iTO 3X0 HHiepecHO. / 1. somebody else's. Hymoik nopx-
thought it would be interesting. ^Jib. Somebody else's brief-case.
HTOBW [uiToeti] conj. 2. strange. Hymoii qeJiOB^K. A
1. in order (to) by the
or rendered strange man.
inf. Ht66u xopomo SHaxb HawK, 3. foreign. ^yjKafl seMJiH. for- A
HaAO MHoro saHHMaTtcfl. To eign land.
know a language well one must MYJIOK m., gen. qyjiKa; pi. qyjiKH,
study a lot. Oh BCxaJi oieHL pa- qyjioK, qyjiKaM, etc. stocking
HO, ht66h He OHosAaxb. He got HpocxLie qyjiKH. Ordinary stock-
up very early in order not to be ings. niepcxflHbie qyjiKH. Woollen
late. stockings. KanponoBbie qyjiKH. Kap-
2. that. Bee jiioah na seMJie xoxht, ron stockings.
m66u He 6wjio bohhw. All the HyXb adv. nearly, scarcely
people in the world wish that Oh qyxb He onosAaJi na noesA. He
there should be no war. BaM npo- wasMiearly late for his train. Oh
CHJiH nepeAaxb, qx66M bu npn- roBopHJi qyxb cibimno. He spoke
mjiH saBxpa. They asked me to scarcely audibly.
tell you to come tomorrow. ^YTh'HSTb adv. nearly, a little bit
HTO-HHBS^^B [mxo-] pron., gen. ne- fl qyxb-qyxb ne ynaJi. / nearly
r6-HH6yAb [qHBO-] dat.neMy-HJi6yji,h,
, fell. ToBopii qyxb-qyxb rpoMqe.
ace. HXo-HH6yflb, instr. iieM-HHSyAt, Speak a little louder.
prepos. qeM-HH6yAi> something
PaccKajKH MHe HT6-iiu6y}ib. Tell me
something. m, m
HTO-TO [fflxo-] pron., gen. qoro-xo
[qHBO-], dat. qeMy-xo, ace. hx6-xo, IIIAr m., gen. mara & mara (with
instr. qeM-xo, prepos. o qcM-xo cardinal num.); pi. marn
something 1. step. ninpoKHH mar. A long
Hx6-xo ynaJio b coceAHea KOMHaxe. step.
Something fell in the adjoining 2. fig. step. 3x0 hobmh mar bhc-
room. peA- This is a new step forward.
HS^BCTBO [qycxBa] neut. feeling <> Ham AOM HaxoAHTCH b AByx
HcHbixaxb rjiySoKoe qyBcxBO pa- marax ocTaeoBKH TpaMsan.
ot
flOcxH. To feel great joy. HyBCXBo Our house is a few steps away
coJiHAapHOCXH. A feeling of solidar- from a tram stop. Ha Ka»<AOM
ity. mary BCTpeqaJiHCb MarasHHU.
-H^BCTBIOBATb [qycxBasaxb], -yio, There were shops at every step.
-yemb, -yiox imp. q x o?/p. noqVBCx- lIlAniKA /., gen. pi. -ok cap
BlOBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to feel MexoBaH manKa. A fur cap. Ho-
HyBCXBOBaxb 6ojib. To feel a pain. ciixb manKy. To wear a cap. Xo-
rioqyBcxBOBaxb rojiOA- To feel AHXb 6e3 manKH. To go without a
hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rJiyGoKoe cap.
yBawcHHe. To have profound re- niAP m., pi. -M
spect. 1. sphere, l^enxp mapa. The centre
<> KaK Bbi ceSfl qyacTsyeTe? How of a sphere. PaAHyc mapa. The
do you feel? R qyBCTByio ce6^ radius of a sphere.
njioxo (xopomo). / feel bad (all 2. globe. SeMHOH map. The terres-
trial globe. BoaAyniHHH map.
HyAfiCHlMH, -an, -ue, short
-oe, A balloon.
form qyAeccH, qyaecHla, -o, -m; niAPO m. scarf
adv. qyA^CHO wonderful TenjiMH map$. A warm scarf.
UJAX 165 UIVM

llIAXMATbl pi., no sing, chess 2. fig. ninpoKHe bosmojkhocxh.

Hrpaxb B maxMaxH. To play chess. Great possibilities. DlHpoKaH na-
HeMnHOH MHpa no maxMaxaM. The xypa. A
generous person.
world chess champion. 3. only short form too wide. IlJiaxbe
fflAXTA /. mine, pit MHe mnpoKO b noHce. The dress
yrojibnaa maxxa. A coal mine. is too large in the waist for me.
^o5HBaxB yrojib b raaxxe. To mine niHTb, mb|io, -emb, -lox, imper. men
coal in a pit. imp. Hxo? KOMy? HeMy? / p.
lUEJIK m., pi. uienKa silk cmnxb, cofflb|i6, -emb, -lox to sew,
IlJiaxbe H3 mejiKa. A
dress made to make
of silk. HaxypaJibHHH mejiK. Natu- niHXb njiaxbe j^jia Aonepii. To
ral silk. HcKyccxBeHHMH mejiK. make a dress for one's daughter.
Artificial silk. Cranxb KOCXIOM b axeJibe. To have
lUEjIKOBIbin, -an, -oe, -me silk a costume made at a dressmaker's.
inejiKOBMH njiaxoK. A silk scarf. inKAO m., prepos. b mKa(|)y & o
niejiKOBaa pySaniKa. A silk shirt. mKa^ti
mKa(|)e; pi.
inEnOTOM adv. in a whisper Khhjkhhh mKa$. A bookcase. Khh-
ToBopiixb menoxoM. To speak in a ra cxoHX b mna^y na noJiKe. The
whisker. book is on a shelf in the bookcase.
niEIITATb, menqy, menqenib, nien- IlJiaxHHOH raKa$. A
wardrobe. He-
qyx imp. qxo? KOMy?/p. npo- cropaeMBiii mKa(|). safe. A
raenxaxb, npomenny, npomennemb, mKOJIA /.
nporaenqyx to whisper 1. school. yqnxbCH b mKOJie. To
FyGbi ee hx6-xo menxaJin. Her lips go to school. Hocxynnxb b mKO-
were whispering something. Oh npo- Jiy. To enter school. OKonqiixb
menxaJi hobocxb na yxo cocefl;y. mKOJiy. To finish school.
He whispered the news into his 2. fig. school. Oh npomeji xopo-
neighbour's ear. myio mKOJiy jkhbhh. Life has
mEPCTb /., no pi. been a good school to him.
1. hair (of an animal). J^jinHHan <> Ha^iajibHaa raKOJia. A primary
mepcxb. Long hair. school. CpeflHHH raKOJia. A sec-
2. wool. FpySaH mepcxb. Coarse ondary school. Bbicman mKojia.
wool. A higher school. MysbiKa.ibHafl
3. wool. KocxioM H3 HHCXOH mep- mKojia. A
musical school. IIIko-
cxH. A suit of pure wool. Jia-HHTepnaT. A
boarding-school.
niepcxb Ha njiaxbe. A length of
woollen material for a dress.
mJIIInA hat /.

fflEPCTHHIOfl, -an, -6e, -we woollen

BeceHHHfl mJiana. A spring hat.
niepcxHHMe HOCKH. Woollen socks.
niJiana c mnpoKHMH nojiaMH. A
wide-brimmed hat.
niepcxHHoe Hjiaxbe. A woollen inOCCE neut., indecl. highway
dress.
in£H neck
Exaxb no mnpoKOMy mocce. To
/.
drive along a wide highway. Bji;0Jib
Jl^JiHHHaH mefl. A
long neck. Toh-
mocce pacxyx nepeBba. There are
KaH mefl.^ thin neck. Howixb 6y-
trees on both sides of the highway
CH Ha raee. To wear beads around
one's neck. inOOfiP m. chauffeur, driver
<0> CHrtexb Ha raee y poJ^HTeJIeH. Dlo^ep xaKCH. A taxi-driver.
To be on one's parents' hands. milHOH m. spy
niHPOKIHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, form
short mxyKA /. piece, thing
mnpoK, -a, -6, -h; adv. mnpoKo; 10 mxyK nannpoc. 10 cigarettes.
comp. ffliipe fflYM m.
1. broad, wide. IIlHpoKaH pcKa. 1. noise, sound. Mh ycnHmajm
A wide river. ElnpoKHH none. CHJibHHH rayM. We heard a loud
A broad belt. H xo^y, hx66li noise. UlyM AOat^a. The sound
i66Ka 6HJia mnpe. / want the of rain.
skirt wider. 2. fig. row. IIOAHFixb myM BOKpyr
12—4002
uiyM 166 3J1E

co6uTHH. To raise a hue and The economy of energy. Co6jik)-

cry over an event. flaxb 3KOh6mhk). To observe econ-
myiMETb, -MJiK), -MHmb, -MAT imp. omy.
tomake a noise 2. economy. IIojiHXHHecKafl 3koh6-
Mope rayMHT. The sea is noisy. MHH. Political economy.
J\eTU myMHT. The children are mak- 3KPAH m. screen
ing a noise. 3KpaH xejieBHSopa. The screen of a
inyXfiTb, myTHinb, myxHT
my^y, T.V. set. 3KpaH b KHHoaaJie. The
imp. /p. nomy^y, no-
norayTHTb, screen in a cinema. niHpoKHH aK-
myTHmb, norayxHT paH. A
wide screen Ha aKpanax
l/to joke. fflyxHTb c flpysbHMH. KHHOxeaxpoB fleMOHCxpHpyexcfl h6-
To joke with one's friends. BHH $HJibM. A
new film is on at
2. Hafl KeM? to joke. IQyTHTb the cinemas.
Hafl pacceflHHHM TOBapHmeM. To 3KCKyPCHH /. excursion
joke at an absent-minded friend. BaropoflHaH aKCKypcHH. An outing
III^TIKA /., gen. pi. -ok joke to the country. 3KCKypcHH b My-
OcxpoyMHan myxKa. witty joke. A aen. An excursion to a museum.
3Jiafl myxKa. A malicious joke. Exaxb na SKCKypcHio. To go on an
-«0» GKasaTb b myxKy. To say (some- excursion.
thing) in jest. 3KCKyPCOB(3;^ m. excursion guide
3KCnEJ]iflUiHH /. expedition
HaynuaH aKcncAHUHH. A scientific
n^, m expedition. dKcnejuaixiifi na CeBep-

mE^PIBIfl, -aa, -oe, -He

HHH n6jiH)C. An expedition to the
North Pole. y^acxBOBaxb b aKcne-
1. generous. IHe;tpHH xosahh. A flHUHH. To take part in an expedi-
generous host. I^e;^poe ceipjme.
tion.
A generous heart.
3KCnJiyATflP|0BATb, -yK), -yemb,
2. fig. lavish, rich, meapan npn- -yiox Koro? imp.
p6fl;a.Lavish nature. JH^ejiipuu
1. to exploit. 3KcnjiyaxHpoBaxb
ypojKan. A rich harvest.
paSoHHX. To exploit workers.
mEKA /., ace. n;eKy; pi. h^Skh, ntCK,
2. to make full use of. 3Kcnjiya-
meKaM, etc. cheek
To make
XHpoBaxb xexHHKy.
m£T|KA /., gen. pi. -ok brush
full use of technique.
3y6Hafl n;exKa. A toothbrush. IHex-
Ka fl;jifl o^ejKAM. Clothes-brush. Ca-
3JIEKTPflqECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -Me
electric(al)
nownan niexKa. A
shoe-brush. Hric-
3JieKxpHHecKHH xoK. Electric cur-
XHXb mexKOH xy(|)JiH. To clean
rent. 3JieKxpHqecKHH CBex. Electric
one's shoes with a brush.
light. 3jieKxpHHecKaH jiaMooHKa.
An electric bulb. SJiCKxpiiqecKHH
3, a yxior. Anelectric iron. SjieKxpH-
necKHH HaHHHK. An electric teaket-
3K3AMEH m. examination tle.
TpyflHHH aKsaMen. A difficult 3JIEKTP0CTAHI^HH /. electric pow-
examination. JTerKHH aKsaMen. An er station
easy examination. FocyflapcxBeHnHH Kpynnan aJieKxpocxannHH. A large
SKSaMeH. StateA examination. electric power station. Ilycxiixb h6-
CflaBaxb (cAaxb) aKsaMCH. To take ByK) aJieKxpocxanuHK). To put a
(pass) an examination. HpOBajiHTb- new power station into oper-
electric
CH Ha 3K3aMeHe. To fail in an ation. SjieKxpocxanuHH aaex tok.
examination. The electric power station is now
3KOH0MHKA /. no pi. economics giving power.
SKOHOMHKa CeJIbCKOrO XOSHHCXSa. 3JIEMF.HT m.
The economics of agriculture. 1. element. IlepiiOflHqecKaH CHCxe-
3KOH0MHH /. no pi. Ma aJieMCHTOB. The periodic sys-
1. economy. Bkohomhh aneprHH. tem of elements.
SHE 167 5IBJI

2. element. B cxaxBe ecxi. sjieMen- lOr m., no pi.

TU KpHTHKH. There are elements 1. south. Oh nomeji npHMO na lor.
of criticism in the article. He went straight south.
3. element. IIporpeccHBHtie ajie- 2. south. Ox^Hxaxb na lore. To
MCHTH 66n;eCTBa. The progres- have one's holidays in the south.
sive elements of society. EoexaxB na lor. To go to the
3HEPrfi[HHILlfl [3H9-], -an, -oe, -He south.
energetic iDHCHjBIfl, -an, -oe, -ne south(ern)
SneprHHHHH qeJiOBeK. An energetic IOjkhhh Bexep. A southern wind.
person. 3HeprHHHue abhjkchhh. KDjkhhh hojiioc. The South Pole.
Energetic movements. SHeprn^HaH K)MOP m., no pi. humour
nox6;^Ka. A wilful gait. Hmcxb HyBcxBO lOMopa. To have a
3HEPrHH [9H3-] /. sense of humour. FaccKasHBaxt c
1. energy. BneprHH bo ah. The lOMopOM. To tell with humour.
energy of water. lOHOCTB /., no pi. youth
2. energy. Pa66TaTL c Gojibmon CnacxjiiiBaH lOHOcxb. Happy youth.
aHeprnen. To work with great B lOHOcxH OH MCHxaJi cxaxb apxHc-
energy. XOM. In his youth he dreamt of
3TA;K m., gen. -a floor, storey becoming an actor.
H{HTb Ha nepBOM axame. To live on K)HOIII|A m., gen. pi. -en a youth
the ground floor. ExopOH sxaHi. The CMeJiHH lOHOma. A
brave youth.
first floor. JIJOM b 7 axaJKCH. A sev- KpacHBHH lOHoma. handsome A
en-storeyed house. youth.
9T0 see STOT I0H|LIQ, -an, -oe, -ne young
5 TOT, 3Ta, 3T0, axH pron. lOHHe ro^H OH npoBCJi b Hxajinn.
1. this. 9tot flOM. This house. He spent his youth in Italy. KDnaa
3to okho. This window. 3tot y^e- AesymKa. A young girl.
HHK HacTO onaBAHBaex. This pu-
pil is often late.
2. that. B axoT js,enh mh bcc co- fl, a
Spa jihcb y Hero. On that day we
all gathered at his place. H pron., gen., ace. Mena, dat., prepos.
3. 3T0 neut. it; this, these; MHe, instr. mhoh I
that, those. 3xo cxoji. This is Mena ne 6hjio aoms Bnepa Beqe-
a table. 3x0 cxyjibfl. These poM. / was not at home last night.
are chairs. 3x0 Snjia OHa. Kxo 3X0? — 3x0 a. "Who is it?"
That was she. 3x0 6hjio ^aBHO. "It's me." fl H^y b xeaxp; xh hoh-
That was a long time ago. Kxo ^emb BMecxe co mhoh? I'm going
§xo? —
3x0 MOH 6pax. "Who is to the theatre; will you go with
that?" "It's my
brother." Hxo me? Mae CKynno. / am bored.
§xo xaKoe? " that?" 3xo
What's Mne xojiOAHO. / am cold. Th
yneSHHK? —
Hex, 3xo cjioBapB. BCxpexHfflb Mena? Will you meet
"Is it a text-book?" "No, it me? IIpHXOAH KO MHe ceroAHfll
is a dictionary." ^^6 ^xo 3a Come to see me today!
HeJiOBeK? What sort of person HBJI0K|0 neut., pi. hSjioket, aSJiOK
is he? Hxo ^xo 3a Benut? What apple
sort of thing is that? Men ^xo BojibfflOH ypojKaH hSjiok. a rich
CXOJI? — 3x0 CXOJI HBanoBa. harvest of apples.
"Whose desk is it?" "It's Iva- HBKlThCR see HBJlHTbCH
nov's desk." Kxo xaM? 3xo h. — HBJIEHHE neut. phenomenon
"Who is there?" "It's me." iIBJlH|TBCH, -locb, -embca, -loxca
imp. I p. HBHXbca, aBJiiocb, aBnmb-
H), H) ca, aBaxca
H)B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok skirt 1. to come, to turn up. Oh hosaho
OHa 6HJia B mnpoKOH K)6Ke. She HBHjica aa JieKunio. He turned
wore a wide skirt. up late for the lecture.
12*
51 ro 168 JIIUH

only imp.
2. IlyinKHH HBnaexcH HHBAP|b m., gen. -h January
BejiHKHM pyccKHM n03T0M. Push- HoHL B HHBape. A
night in Janu-
kin is a great Russian poet. ary. IlepBoe HHBapH. The first of
HrO^A /. berry January.
Co6npaTb rpH6u h HroAM. To gath- HPKinfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
er mushrooms and berries. HrOAU flpoK, HpKa, HpK|o, -h; adv. apKo;
KJiySHHKH. Strawberries. BKycHan comp. Hpqe
ca^OBafl HroAa. A tasty cultivated 1. bright. flpKHH CBex. A bright
berry. BapeHLe H3 Atoji,. Jam made light.
from berries. 2. bright. HpKne KpaCKH. Bright
fiJ\FOneut.,pl. HApa, H^ep, H^paM, etc. colours.
nucleus 3. fig. striking, brilliant. HpKHH
flApo aTOMa. The nucleus of the npHMep. A striking example.
atom. flApo KJiexKH. The nucleus HpKHH xajianx. A
brilliant tal-
of a cell. ent.
H3I»1[K m., gen. -a
1. tongue. noKaaaxb h3mk. To HCHIblQ, -aH, -08, -He, short form
HCCH, HCHa, hch|o, -h; adv. hcho
show one's tongue.
1. clear, fine. Hcnoe neSo. A clear
2. language. Hayqaxb HuocxpaHHUH
H3LIK. To study a foreign lan-
sj^y. HcHWH jj^BRh. fine day.A
2. fig. lucid. HcHLiH yM. A lucid
guage. BjiaAeXb HeCKOJILKHMH
HHOCXpaHHMMH fl3LIKaMH. To
mind. Hcnaa Mt^c.^b. A clear
thought. 3xox Bonpoc Mae Hcen.
know several foreign languages.
This question is clear to me.
<> J^epHcaTb H3faJK aa aySawH. To
keep a still tongue in one's head.
BaM 3X0 HCHO? Is that clear to
you? Oh roBopnx 6»ieHb hcho.
HauTH 66n^HH hsuk c Kew-jiH- He speaks very clearly.
6o. To speak a common language
with somebody. HmHK m.
HflU[0 neut., pi. HHqa, fli'in; egg 1. box. Hh;hkh6jiok. box of A
KypHHHe HHqa. Hen's eggs. apples. HmHKc KOHcepBaMH.
<> Hhujo BCMHTKy. A soft-boiled A box of preserves.
egg. Ran,6 EKpyxyio. A
hard-boiled 2. drawer. flmHK nncbMeHHoro
egg. Hhuo b MeraoqeK. well- A cxojia. A
drawer of a desk.
boiled egg. Hiii^a Kypimy He yqax 3. box. IloqxoBbiH HmnK. A post-
(proverb). Cf. Don't teach *your box.
grandmother to suck eggs.
 ,

SUPPLEMENT
THEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS
Names of Nationalities, of People inhabiting Various Countries
and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives

aBCTpaJiHeij Australian (man),aecTpa- a^TRHen Afghan (man), a^raHKa Af-

jiHHKa Australian (woman), aBCxpa-
jiHHrtH Australians, ABCxpaJiHA
Australia; aBCTpaJiHHCKHH Austra-
lian
aBCxpHen; Austrian (man), aBCTpwHKa
Austrian (woman), aBCTpHHiiH Aus-
trians, ABCTpna Austria; aBCTpHH-
CKHH Austrian
asHaT Asian (man), asnaTKa Asian
(woman), asnaxLi Asians, Abhh
Asia; asHaxcKHH Asian
ajiSanei; Albanian (man), aJi6aHKa Al-
banian (woman), aJi6ABnu Albanians
Aji6aHHH Albania; aji6aHCKHH Alba-
nian
aJiWHpert Algerian (man),
ajiwHpKa
Algerian (woman), aJiH^Hpmj Alge-
rians, AjiJKHp Algeria; ajiH^HpCKHH
Algerian
aMepHKaHen American (man), aMepn-
KaHKa American (woman), aMepn-
KaHii;ti Americans, AMepHKa Amer-
ica; aMepHKancKHH American
aHrjiHHaHHH Englishman, aHrJimaHKa
Englishwoman, aHrjimane English,
AnrjiHH England; aHrJiHHCKHH Eng-
lish
apa6 Arab (man), apa6Li Arabs; apa6-
CKHH Arab
apreHTHHen Argentinean (man), apreH-
THHKa Argentinean (woman), apree-
THHiiLi Argentineans, ApresTHHa
Argentine; aprsHTHHCKHH Argentine
ghan (woman), a^raHn;Li Afghans,
A^raHHCiaH Afghanistan; a^ran-
CKHH Afghan
a^pHKaHGD; African (rnan), a$pHKaHKa
African (woman), a^pHKaHn;i>i Af-
ricans, A(|)pHKa Africa; a(|>pHKaH-
CKHH African
6ejibriiert Belgian (man), 6ejisrHHKa
Belgian (woman), 6ejiBrHHi];i>i Bel-
gians, BeJibrHH Belgium; SejifcriiH-
CKHH Belgian
Gnp-MaHeu; Burmese (man), 6HpMaHKa
Burmese (woman), 6HpMaHii;ti Bur-
mese, BitpMa Burma; SHpMancKHH
Burm ese
6ojirapHH Bulgarian (man), 6oJirapKa
Bulgarian (woman), 5oJirapH Bul-
garians, BojirapHH Bulgaria; 6oji-
rapcKHH Bulgarian
6oJiHBHeii; Bolivian (man), 6ojTHBiiHKa
Bolivian (woman), 6oJiHBHHn;ti Bo-
livians, BojiHBHfl Bolivia; 6ojiHBiiH-
CKHH Bolivian
6pa3HJien; Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjiLii;Ei
Brazilians, BpasHJiHfl Brazil; 6pa-
3HJIBCKHH Brazilian
Bajuiiiei^Welshman, BaJijiHHKa Welsh-
woman, BajiJiHHi^H Welsh, Yajitc
Wales; BajiJiHHCKHH Welsh
Beerp Hungarian (man), BenrepKa
Hungarian (woman), BGHrpH Hun-

^ The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationality

either do not exist or are not used in the literary language.

garians, BenrpHfl Hungary; Benrep-
CKHH Hungarian
BGHecyajien; Venezuelan (man), Bene-
cyaJiKa Venezuelan (woman). Bene-
cy3Jn>ii;i>i Venezuelans, BeHecyaJia
Venezuela; BCHecyaJibCKHH
elan
BbeTHaMe^ Vietnamese (man), Bbex-
HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), blgt-
HaMi^w Vietnamese, BtexHaM Viet-
nam; BbeTHaMCKHH Vietnamese
raneu Ghanean (man), raHKa Ghanean
(woman), rani^H Ghaneans, Tana
Ghana; rancKHH Ghanean
TBaTeManen; Guatemalan (man), rBaxe-
MaJibii;w Guatemalans, FBaTeMaJia
Guatemala; rBaxeMaJibCKHH Guate-
malan
rBHHeen; Guinean, rsHHeHiiiLi Guineans,
rBHHGH Guinea; rEHHencKHH Guinean
Germany; repMancKHH
repMaHHH
German {see HeMen;)
roJiJiaHflei;Dutchman, ronjiaH^Ka
Dutchwoman, rojiJiaHj^qbi DutcK
ToJiJiaHAHH Holland; rojiJiaHACKHH
Dutch
rpeK Greek (man), rpeqaHKa
(woman), rpeKH Greeks,
Greece; rpe^ecKHH Greek
flanaHHH Dane (man), aaxHaHKa Dane
(woman), flaxHaHe Danes,
Denmark; ;;axcKHH Danish
GBpea Jew, espeHKa Jewess,
Jews; GBpeHCKHH Jewish
eBponeen; European (man), eBponennibi
Europeans, EBpona Europe; eBpo-
neficKHH European
erHnxflHHH Egyptian (man), ernnxae-
Ka Egyptian (woman), ernnxHHe
Egyptians, Eranex Egypt; ernnex-
CKHH Egyptian
Indian (man), HHAnaHKa In-
HHflHeix
dian (woman), nH^Hnii;bi Indians,
Hhahh India; hhahhckhh Indian
HHA0He3He^ Indonesian (man), hh^o-
HesHHKa Indonesian (woman), hh-
ji;0He3HHi;u Indonesians, Hn^OHesHH
Indonesia; HHflOHesHHCKHH
170
HopaaHen; Jordanian (man), Hopj^aHii,Hi
Jordanians, MopJ^aHHH Jordan;
HopAancKHH Jordanian
HpaKeix Iraqi (man), HpaKiibi Iraqis,
IlpaK Iraq; HpaKCKHH Iraq
Venezu-
HpaHen; Persian (man), npaHKa Per-
sian (woman), HpaHn;bi Persians,
UpaH Persia (Iran); npancKHM
Persian (Iranian)
HpjiaHAei; Irishman, npjidHAKa Irish-
woman, HpJIaH;^^w Irish, HpjiaHAHH
Ireland, HpjiaH;i;cKHH Irish
ncJiaH^eiii Icelander (man) ncjiAHjiKa
Icelander (woman), HCJiaH3ii;bi Ice-
landers, HcjiaHAHfl Iceland; HCJiaHjt-
CKHH Iceland
Hcnaneit Spaniard, HcnaHKa Spanish
(woman), HcnaHLtM Spanish, Hcna-
HHH Spain; HcnancKHH Spanish
HxaJibHHeri Italian (man), nxaJibHHKa
Italian (woman), HxajibaHn;H Ital-
ians, HxaJiHH Italy; HxaJibHHCKHH
Italian
HeMGHeit Yemeni, HeMeHn;Li Yemeni,
HeMGH Yemen; HeMeHCKHH Yemeni
KaM6oAMtHen; Cambodian, KaMSo^JKHH-
n,u Cambodians, KaM56fl;H«a Cambo-
Greek
dia; KaM5oA»«HHCKHH Cambodian
Fpei^HH
KanaAen; Canadian (man), KaHa^Ka Ca-
nadian (woman), KaH^Aii;bi Cana-
dians, KaHa^a Canada; KanaACKHH
J^annH
Canadian
eBpen
KHnpnox Cypriot, KHnpHOXM Cypriots,
Knnp Cyprus; KHnpcKHH Cyprian
KHxaen; Chinese (man), KHxaaHKa Chi-
nese (woman), KHxaHqu Chinese,
KnxaH China; KHxancKHH Chinese
KOJiyMSnen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM-
6hhi];h Colombians, KojiyMSnH Co-
lombia; K0JiyM6HHCKHH Colombian
KOHrojieaen; Congolese (man), Konro-
Jieaqw Congolese, Konro The Congo;
KOHroJieacKHH Congolese
KOpeen Korean (man), KopeaHKa Ko-
rean (woman), KopeH^H Koreans,
Kopea Korea; KOpencKHH Korean
KyoHHeq Cuban (man), Ky6HHKa Cu-
Indone- ban (woman), Ky6HHi|iii Cubans,
Ky6a Cuba; Ky6HHCKHH Cuban
 171

JiaoTHHHH Laotian (man), JiaoxHHKa an), New Zealand-

HOB03ejiaH;5i^iii
Laotian (woman), JiaoxHHe & Jiaoc- ers, HoBan Sejian^HH New Zea-
n;H Laotians, JIaoc Laos; JiaoxflH- land; HOBoaeJiaHACKHH New Zealand
CKHH & jiaoccKHH Laotian
HopBGJKei; Norwegian (man), nopBrnna
JiaTHHoaMepHKanen; Latin American Norwegian (woman), HopBmitH
(man), jiaTHHoaMepHKaHKa Latin Norwegians, HopBernn Norway;
American (woman), jiaTHHoaMepn- HOpBGHCCKHH Norwegian
KaHii;H Latin Americans, JlaTHBCKan
naKHCTanen; naKHCxaHUiH
Pakistani,
AMepHKa Latin America; JiaTHHO- Pakistanis, IlaKHCxaH Pakistan;
aMepHKancKHH Latin American
naKHCxancKHH Pakistani
jiHBaHeii Lebanese, jmsaHi^iJ Lebanese,
oanaMitH Panamanians, IlaFaMa Pana-
JlHBan The Lebanon; jiHBaecKHH
ma; nanaMCKHH Panamanian
Lebanese
nepyanen; Peruvian (man), nepyaHKa
jiHBHeix Libian, jihbhhiih Libians, JIh-
Peruvian (woman), nepyanrtbi Peru-
BHH Libia; jihbhhckhh Libian
vians, riepy Peru; nepyancKHH Pe-
MaJiaei^Malayan (man), MaJiaHKa Ma- ruvian
layan (woman), MaJianiiiH Malayans,
noJiaK Pole (man), noJiLKa Pole (wom-
MaJiaHH Malaya; MaJiaicKHH Ma- an), noJiHKH Poles, EojiBma Po-
layan
land; noJiBCKHH Polish
MRJiHen;Mali (man), MaJiHHKa Mali
nopxyraJien; Portuguese (man), iiopxy-
(woman), MajiHHii;H Malis, MaJiH
raJiKa Portuguese (woman), nopxy-
Mali; MajiHHCKHH Mali
raJibii;H Portuguese, nopxyraJiHH
MaJibram Malagasi, MaJibramn Mala- Portugal; nopxyraJibCKHH Portu-
gasi; MajibramcKHH Malagasi guese

MapoKKanen; Moroccan (man), MapOK- pyMHH Rumanian (man), pyMHHKa

KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapoK- Rumanian (woman), pyMHHLi Ru-
KaniiM Moroccans, MapoKKO Moroc- manians, PyMHHHH Rumania; py-
co; MapoKKancKHH Moroccan MMHCKHH Rumanian
MeKCHKanen Mexican (man), mgkch- pyccKHH Russian (man), pyccKBH Rus-
KaHKa Mexican (woman), mgkch- sian {woman), pyccKHe Russians,
KaniiH Mexicans, MeKCHKa Mexico; PoccHH Russia; pyccKHH Russian
MCKCHKaHCKHH Mexican
ceHeraJiei5 Senegalese, ceeeraJibiiBi Se-
Monro Ji Mongolian (man), Monro JiKa negalese, CeneraJi Senegal; cene-
Mongolian (woman), MonronH Mon- raJibCKHH Senegalese
golians, MoHroJiHfl Mongolia; moh- cep6 Serbian (man), cepSna Serbian
roJibCKHH Mongolian (woman), cep6H Serbs, CepSzH
Herp Negro nerpHTHHKa Ne-
(man), Serbia; cep6cKHH Serbian
nerpM Negroes; nerpn-
gro {woman), CHpneix Syrian (man), cHpnaKa Syrian
THHCKHH Negro (woman), CHpHHn,H Syrians, CnpHH
HeMGii German,neMKa German (woman), Syria; cnpHHCKHn Syrian
neMiiH Germans; neMGiIKHH German cjiOBaK Slovak (man), CJiOBa^Ka Slo-
HenaJiert Nepalese, nenaJibi^H Nepa- vak (woman), cnoBaKH Slovaks,
lese, HenaJi Nepal; nenaJibCKHH CjioBaKHH Slovakia; cjiOBai;KHH
Nepal Slovak
coMaJiHGi^ Somali (man), coMaJiHHKa
enrepneii Nigerian, nnrepHnqH Nige-
Somali (woman), coMaJiHHiiiH So-
rians, HnrepHH Nigeria; nnrepHH-
malis, GoMaJiH Somaliland; coMa-
CKHH Nigerian
jiHHCKHH Somali
HOBOsejiaH/jen; New Zealander (man), cyAaHGi; Sudanese (man), cy^aHKa Su-
HOBoaejianziKa New Zealander (wom- danese (woman), cyAanqH Suda-
 172

nese, CyABH The Sudan; cy;^aHCKHM niBeHnapHH Switzerland; mBeHrtap-

Sudanese CKHH Swiss
TaHJiaH;;ei; Thai, TaHJiaHAUH Thais, TUBeji, Swede (man), raBeflKB Swede
TaHJIaH;^ Thailand; TaHJidn/tCKHii (woman), msejiu Swedes, inBen.HH
Thai Sweden; mBeflCKHH Swedish
Torojieaeq Togolese, lorojieartH Togo- moTJiaH^eii Scotsman, moxJiaHflKa
lese, Toro Togo; ToroJieacKHH To- Scotswoman, moxJiaHfln.H Scots,
golese
nioxjiaHflHH Scotland; moxjianflCKHH
TyHHcei; Tunisian (man), xyHHCKa Tu- Scotch
nisian (woman), TyHHcn;M Tunisi-
ans, TyHHC Tunis; xyHHccKHH Tu-
a^Hon Ethiopian (man), a^nonKa Ethi-
nisian
opian (woman), afj^uonu Ethiopi-
ans, S^HODHH Ethiopia; a^noncKHH
TypoK Turk (man), xyp^aHKa Turk Ethiopian
(woman), xypKH Turks, TypmiH
lorocjiaBH Yugoslavs, lOrocJiaBHH Yu-
Turkey; TypertKHH Turkish
goslavia; lorocJiaBCKHH Yugoslav
yKpaHHeu Ukrainian (man)^ yKpaiiH-
Ka Ukrainian (woman), yKpaHHii;i>i fiuoBeii, Japanese (man), HUOBKa. Japa-
Ukrainians, VKpaHHa The Ukraine;
nese (woman), fln6Hn,L] Japanese,
yKpaHHCKHH Ukrainian HnoimH Japan; hdohckhh Japa-
nese
ypyrBaei^ Uruguayan (man), ypyrBafi-
i^u Uruguayans, YpyrBaH Uruguay; NUMERALS
ypyrnaHCKHH Uruguayan
1 OAHH, OAHa, oAHo; nepBJbiH, -an,
yajibcnw Welsh, VajiBc Wales; yajiBc- -oe, -we first
KHH Welsh 2 Asa, flee; BxopIOH, -an, -6e, -we
^HJiHnnHHen;
second
Filipino, ^HJiHnnHHrtu
3 Tpii; TpexluH, -bn, -be, -bH third
Filipinos; (DnJiHnnHHH The Philip-
pines 4 qexwpe; qexBepxIwii, -an, -oe, -we
fourth
$HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (wom- 5 nHXb; nflx|wii, -an, -oe, -we fifth
an), $HHHH Finns, (PHHJIflHJtllH 6 mecTb; mecxlou, -an, -oe, -we
Finland; ^JHHCkhh Finnish sixth
7 ceMb; ceffbMjoH, -an, -oe, -we sev-
4>paHn;y3 Frenchman, ^panniyweHKa
Frenchwoman, enth
^panaysu French,
8 BOceMb; BocbM|6u, -an, -oe, -we
OpaHi^Hfl France; $paHii;y3CKHH
eighth
French
9 AeBHXb; AeBflx|wii. -an, -oe, -we
xopsaT Croat (man), xopsaTKa Croat ninth
(woman), xopeaTLi Croats, Xopsa- 10 necflXb; AecflTlwii, -an, -oe, -we
THH Croatia; xopeaTCKHH Croatian tenth
11 oAHHHaAi;aTb; o^iiHHaAuaxIwJf,
peHJiOHert Ceylonese (man), ri;eHJi6HKa
-an, -oe, -we eleventh
Ceylonese (woman), ii;eHJi6HixiJ Ceylo-
12 ABenamaTb; ffBenaAi^axIwu, -an,
nese, L[eHJi6H Ceylon; iienjiOHCKHH
-oe, -we twelfth
Ceylonese
13 xpiiHaAi;aTb; TpnHaAaax|wu, -a a,
qex Czech (man), neniKa Czech (wom- -oe, -we thirteenth
an), HexH Czechs; HexHH Czechia; 14 qexbipHajwaTb; qexwpHaAuax|wu,
^eracKHH Czech -afl, -oe, -we fourteenth
15 nflXH^Ai^axb; nHTHaAuaT|wu, -an,
miJiueij,Chilian (man), qnjiHHKa Chil-
-oe, -we fifteenth
ian (woman), qEjiHHi^ti Chilians,
16 mecxHajwaxb; niecxHaAuax|wii,
Hhjih Chile; ^hjimhckhh Chilian
-an, -oe, -we sixteenth
mBGHixapeii Swiss (man), mBeniiSpKa 17 ceMHaAqaxb; ceMHafluax|wM, -aa,
Swiss (woman), mBeHn;api;iJ Swiss; -oe, -we seventeenth
 ,

173

18 BOceMHaAuaTb; BOceMHaAi^aT|ijii, 1000000000 Maanaap^; MHJijraapA-

-an, -oe, -we eighteenth h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth
19 fleBflTHawaxb; j^eBHTuajmaiTlhiu
-an, -oe, -we nineteenth DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS,
20 flBawaxb; ABa;maT|wH, -an, -oe, SEASONS, TIME-UNITS
-we twentieth
21 ABa^aaTb oahh; ABa^i^aTb nep- Days of the Week
b|wh, -an, -oe, -we twenty-first noHeAejibHHK m. Monday
30 TpHAuaTb; TpemaT|wH, -aa, -oe, BTopHBK m. Tuesday
-we thirtieth cpe^a /., pi. cpeAH Wednesday
40 copoK; copoKOBJOH, -an, -oe, -we qcTBepr m., gen. nexBepra Thursday
fortieth naTHHi^a /. Friday
50 HHTbAecHT; nflTHAec«T|wH, -a a, cy666Ta /. Saturday
-oe, -we fiftieth BOCKpeccHbe neut. Sunday
60 mecTbAecHx; mecTHffecaTlwfi,
-aa, -oe, -we sixtieth Months
70 ceMbflecax; ceMHffecHTJwfi , -aa, aHBapb m., gen. HEBapa January
-oe, -we seventieth (j[)eBpajib m., gen. (|)eBpajiH February
80 BoceMbflecax; BOCbMHAecaTlwfi, MapT m. March
-aa, -oe, -we eightieth anpejib m. April
90 AeBaaocTo; fleBaHOCTlwii, -aa, Mail m. May
-oe, -we ninetieth uiOHb m. June
100 cTo; coTlbiH, -aa, -oe, -we one m. July
iiiojib
hundredth aarycT m. August
101 CTO OAHH, CTO o^aa, cto o^ho; ceHTa5pb m., gen. ceHTflSpa Septem-
CTO nepBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we one ber
hundred and first oKTaSpb m., gen. OKTaSpn October
110 CTO AecaTb; cto AecaTlwa, -aa, Hoa6pb m., gen. HoaSpfl November
-oe, -we one hundred and tenth AeKa6pb m., gen. ;^eKa6pH December
200 flaecTH; «Byxc6T|wH, -aa, -oe,
-we two hundredth Seasons
300 TpHCTa; TpexcoTlwa, -aa, -oe, Bocaa /. spring
-we three hundredth jiCTO neut. summer
400 qeTwpecTa; qeTwpexcoTlwH, -a a, ocenb /. autumn
-oe, -we four hundredth 3HMa /. winter
500 naTbcoT; naTHc6T|WM, -aa, -oe,
-we five hundredth Time-Units
600 raecTbcoT; raecTncoTlwa, -aa, ceKyH^a /. second
-oe, -we six hundredth MHHyTH /. minute
700 ceMbcoT; ccmhcotIwh, -aa, -oe, qac m., pi. ^acw, Ha cob hour
-we seven hundredth rofl m., prepos. b ro^y & o r6ji,e; gen.
800 BoceMbcoT; BocbMHCOTlwii , -aa, pi. Jiex year
-oe, -we ei^ht hundredth BCK m., pi. BeKa century
900 fleBaTbcoT; flesaTHCOTlwii, -aa,
-oe, -we nine hundredth COLOURS
1000 Twcaqa; TwcaqHlwil, -aa, -oe,
-we thousandth 5eji|wH, -aa, -oe, -we white
1961 Tbicaqa ^eaaTbcoT raecTb^ecaT rojiySloii, -aa, -oe, -we light-blue
oahh; Tbicana aeaaTbcoT raecTb- »;ejiT|bm, -aa, -oe, -we yellow
flecaT nepalwH, -aa, -oe, -we one 3eJieH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we green
thousand nine hundred and sixty- KpacHJWH, -aa, -oe, -we red
first KopH*iHeB|wii, -aa, -oe, -we brown
lOOOO aecaTb Twcaq; flecaTHTwcaq- .ihji6b|wh, -aa, -oe, -we lilac
H|biH, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth opaHH<eB|biii, -aa, -oe, -we orange
1000000 mhjijihoh; mhjijihohhIwh, posoBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we pink
-aa, -oe, -we millionth chh|hu, -aa, -ee, -ae blue

ceplbiu, -afl, -oe, -we grey
cBex.ilwH, -an, -oe, -we light
TeMHJbiii, -aa, -oe,-we dark
^HO.ieTOBlwii, -an, -oe, -we violet
qepHlwu, -an, -oe, -we black
PARTS OF THE BODY
rojioea /., ace. roJiOBy,
roJiOB, roaoBaM, etc.
niea /. neck
njieio neut., pi. hjichh shoulder
rpyffb /., prepos. Ha rpy/tii chest
cnHHa /., ace. cnnny, pi. cnHHti back
6oK m., pi. ooKa side
»{hb6t m., gen. H^HBOxa stomach
pyKa/., aec. pyKy, pi. pyKHhand, arm
.laAOHb /. palm
jioKOTb m., gen. jiokth, gen.
xefi elbow
KyjiaK m., gen. KyjiaKa fist
Hora /., aec. Hory, pi. hofh foot, leg
KOJieHO neut., pi. KOJienn knee
najieu m., gen. naJibqa finger, toe
HoroTfa m., gen. hofth, gen. pi. Hor-
xefi nail
cepAue neut., pi. cep^na heart
jierKoe neut., pi. JierKne lung
HtejiyAOK m., gen. jKeJiy^Ka stomach
BOJiocbi pi., gen. pi. BOJioc hair
yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear
jio6 m., gen. jT6a forehead
HOC m., pi. Hocu nose
rjias m., pi. rJiasa eye
6poBb /., gen. pi. 6poBeH
pecHHaa /. eyelash
ii],eKa /., pi. msKH cheek
poT m., gen. pxa mouth
ry5a /., pi. rySu lip
3y5 m., gen. pi. aySoB tooth
BHCOK m., gen. BHCKa temple
H3biK m., gen. flawKa tongue
noA^opoAOK m., gen. ^o;^5op6^Ka chin
yc m., pi. ycM moustache
saTbijiOK m., gen. aaxMJiKa back [of
the head
6opoAa /., ace. Sopo^y, pi- Sopo^M,
6op6;t beard
TRAITS OF CHARACTER AND
MAN'S QUALITIES
aKKypaTH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we painstak-
ing
aKTHBH|wu, -an, -oe, -we active
6ecnoK6HH|biif, -aa, -oe, -we restless
174
66ap|wh, -aa, -oe, -we cheerful
BeH<jiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we polite
Beceji|wUv -aa, -oe, -we gay
BHHMaTe;ibH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we atten-
tive
reHHajibH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we of genius
rnyn|biH, -aa, -oe, -we stupid
ro^AlWH, -aa, -oe, -we proud
pi. rojiOBti, rpy6|wii, -aa, -oe, -we rude, coarse
head A65p|wH, -aa, -oe, -we kind
H<aAH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we stingy
HiecTOKlHH, -aa, -oe, -ae cruel
3a56TJiHB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we solicitous
3aAyM4HB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we thought-
ful
HCKpeHH|nu, -aa, -ee, -ae frank, sin-
cere
jiacKOBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we affectionate
pi. jiok- .i>khb|wh, -aa, -oe, -we untruthful
.ierK0Mi6cJieHH|biu, -aa, -oe, -we
light-headed
jieHUB|wu, -aa, -oe, -we lazy
jiobkIhh, -aa, -oe, -ae adroit
jiio6onwTH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we curious
jiH)5o3HaTejibH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we in-
quisitive
MyApluU) -aa, -oe, -we wise
Mya«ecTBeHHlbiii, -aa, -oe, -we coura-
geous
HacTOuqHBlwM, -aa, -oe, -we persis-
tent
He»(H|wu, -aa, -oe, -we gentle
nepBHlwu, -aa, -oe, -we nervous
ocTopoHCHlwH, -aa, -oe, -we careful
eyebrow ocxpoyMHlwif, -aa, -oe, -we witty
npaBAHB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we truthful
po5K|nH, -aa, -oe, -ae timid
pacceaHHlwif, -aa, -oe, -we absent-
minded
caMOJiio6HB|wu. -aa, -oe, -we touchy
caMoyBepeHH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we self-
opinionated
cepbe3H|wii, -aa, -oe, -we serious
cKpoMHiwH, -aa, -oe, -we modest
CMeji|wa, -aa, -oe, -we courageous
cnoKOHH|WH, -aa, -oe, -we quiet,
calm
cnoc66HlwH, -aa, -oe, -we capable
cnpaBeAJiHBlwif, -aa, -oe, -we just
cTapaTejibH|wH, -an, -oe, -we assid-
uous
CTpaHH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer
CTp6r|HH, -aa, -oe, -ae exacting,
strict
cypoBlwa, -a a, -oe, -we severe
TajiaHTjiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we talented
 175

TpycJiHB|MH, -aa, -oe, -we cowardly HOCKH pi., sing. HOCOK m., gen. nocKa
yMHJbiH, -afl, -oe, -we clever socks
ynpflMlwii, -aa, -oe, -we stubborn mjiana /. hat
xHTplwH, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunning manKa /., gen. pi. manoK cap
xpa6p|wH, -aa, -oe, -we brave map4) rn. scarf
qecTH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we honest nepqaxKH pi., gen. nepnaxOK; sing.
n^e^plwii, -aa, -oe, -we generous nepnaxKa /. gloves
3HeprHqH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we energetic njiaxfae neut. dress
loGKa /., gen. pi. k)6ok skirt
6jiy3Ka /., gen. pi. 6Jiy30K blouse
THE FAMILY K64)xa /. jacket
»KaKex m. jacket
poAHTejin pL, gen. poanxejieH parents qyjiKH pi., gen. HyjioK; sing. qyjioK
oxen; m., gen. OTii;a father m., gen. qyjiKa stockings
AiaTb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn, 6oxHHKn pi., gen. 6oxhhok; sing. 60-
instr. Maxepbio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe- XHHOK m., gen. ooxHHKa boots
pen, MaxepaM, etc. mother xy^jiH pi., gen. pi. ly^eJih', sing.
CWH m., pi. CHHOBbfl, CHHOBeH SOU xy(|)jifl /. shoes
J^oqfa /., gen., dat., prepos. flonepn, rajioran pi., sing, rajioraa /. galoshes
instr. j^OHeptio; pi. j^onepn, jj^o^e- 66xw pi. overshoes
peH, AonepflM, floqepLMH daughter 6ocoH6»CKn pi., gen. OoconoJKeK; sing.
6paT m., pi. 6paxi.a, Spaxbee brother 6ocoH6>KKa /. sandals
cecxpa /., pi. cecxpH, cecxep, ce- xano«!KH pi., gen. xano^eK; sing, xa-
cxpaM, sister
etc. no^Ka /. slippers
poacTBeHHHKH pi. relatives canoru pi., gen. cauor; sing, cauor m.,
AeAymKa m., gen. pi. j^efl;ynieK grand- gen. canora high-
riding boots,
father boots
6a6yinKa /., gen. pi. 6a6ymeK grand- BaJieHKH pi., gen. BaJienoK; sing. Ba-
mother jiBHOK m., gen. BaJieHKa felt boots
BHyK m. grandson BopoxHHK m., gen. BopoxHHKa collar
BHyqKa /., gen. pi. BHyqeK grand- pyKaB m., gen. pynaBa, pi. pyKasa
daughter sleeve
AH^a m. uncle noac m., pi. noaca belt
Texa /. aunt KapMaH m. pocket
njieMaHHHK m. nephew nyroBHE^a /. button
njieMaHHHu;a /. niece maj-poK m., gen. mnypKa lace, shoe-
j^Boiopo^HWH 6paT m. cousin lace
;^Boi6poAHaa cecTpa /. cousin npaHCKa /., gen. pi. npaJKen buckle
ofleajio neut. blanket, quilt
cKaxepxb /., gen. pi. CKaxepxen table-
CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR, cloth
LINEN caji$exoK
caji(J)exKa /., gen. pi. nap-
kin
najibTo neut., indecl. overcoat noj^OAeajibHHK m. quilt cover
iny6a /. fur coat noAymKa /., gen. pi. noAymeK pillow,
njiam m., gen. njian^a raincoat cushion
KocTioM m. suit, costume npocxbma /., pL npocxHHH, npo-
6pi6Kn no sing, trousers cxuHb, npocxHuaM bedsheet
Tpycw no sing, shorts H^BOJioqKa /., gen. pi. HaBOJio^eK
HHAHcaK m., gen. nH^JKaKa jacket, coat pillow-case
p^amKa /., gen. pi. pySameK shirt nojioxeaqe neut., gen. pi. noJioxeneq
rajicTyK m. tie towel
CBHTep m. sweater, pull-over njiaxoR m., gen. njiaxKa scarf;
AHceMnep m. jumper hocob6h njiaxoK handkerchief
nn»caMa /. pyjamas 6ejibe neut., no pi. underwear; linen
xajiax m. dressing-gown, housecoat HHWHee 5eabe underwear
 176

ARTICLES OF TOILET FURNITURE

MbiJio neut., no pi. soap CTOJi m., gen. CTOJia table
sy^Hfiifl nacTa /. toothpaste CTyji m., pi. ciyjibfl chair
KpeM AJiH 6pHTbH shaving cream mKa^) m., prepos. b mKa(|)y & o mKa-
aySeoii nopomoK m., gen. nopomKa $e, pi. mKa(|)u cupboard, wardrobe
toothpowder KBBHCBbifl mKa4> m. bookcase
rySeaH noMana lipstick 6y4>eT m. buffet, dresser
iqeTKa /., gen. pi. mexoK
brush; cepBaBT m. sideboard
1. sy^H^fl lueTKa toothbrush, ABBdB m. divan
2. n^eTKa ajih bgjioc (oAeHC^bi, KpecJio neut., gen. pi. Kpeceji armchair
65yBH) hairbrush (clothes-brush, KpoBaTb /. bed
shoe-brush) TyMGoqKa /., gen. pi. TyM6oHeK bed-
paciecKa colloq. /., gen. pi. pac^ecoK side table
comb BemajiKa /., gen. pi. BemaJiOK hanger
sepKajio neut., pi. sepKaJia, aepnaji
looking-glass
6pHTBa razor
PLATES, DISHES, ETC.
/.
AyxH no sing., gen. jiyxoB perfume
Tape*iK^/., gen. pi. Tape.iOK plate
OAeKOJiOH m. eau-de-Cologne
cxaKaH m. glass, tumbler
nyApa /. powder
KpeM m. cream
MamKa /., gen. pi. ^jameK cup
6jii6Aii;e neut., gen. pi. 6JlK)^,e^ saucer
BBJiKa /., gen. pi. bhjiok fork
THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS .lOWKa /., gen. pi. jiojkck spoon
Boa« m., gen. noma, knife
KacTpiojifl /. sauce-pan
flOM 771., pi. jiOMB. house
cKOBopoAa /., pi. CKOBopoAU frying-
sAaene neut. building pan
noMeiueBBe neut. premises no^BOC m. tray
dTa»< m., gen. aiaJKa floor, storey
qaiiBBK m. teapot, teakettle
noff'beaff m. entrance
KpyHCKa /., Kpy?KeK
gen. pi. mug
KBapTHpa /. flat KyBIDBB m. jug
KopHAop m. passage 6aBKa /., gen. pi. 6aH0K jar
KOMHaTa /. room 6yTbijiKa gen. pi. 6yTUJiOK bottle
/.,
3aji m. hall
Baaa /. vase
Ka6HHeT m. study rpa(bBB m. carafe
KyxHfl /., gen. pi. KyxoHb kitchen
6oKaji m. wine-glass
cnajibHH /., gen. pi. cnaJien bedroom
pioMKa /., gen. pi, pioMOK liqueur
CTOJioeaH /. dining-room
glass
BaHHan /. bathroom
GajiKOB m. balcony
Kpuma /. roof FOOD-STUFFS
Tpy6a /., pi. Tpy6H chimney
jiB^T m. lift xjie6 m. bread
jiecTBBua /. staircase Macjio neut., no pi.: c.iBBO^Boe M&cno
BepBJia no sing, railings butter, pacTBTSJibBoe mScjio oil
jspeph /., gen. pi. aBepen door HBiio neut., pi. flHua, Ann egg
OKBO neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, OKHaM cwp m., pi. CHpH cheese
window cjiHBKH pi. cream
noji m., prepos. na nojiy, pi. noJiu CMeT^aa /., no pi. sour cream
floor TBop6r m., no pi. cottage cheese
BOTOJioK m., gen. noTOJiKd ceiling Ke4)Bp m., no pi. kefir
CTBBa /., ace. CTeey, pi. cxenH wall MOJioKo neut., no pi. milk
noAOKOBBBK m. window-sill MHCO neut., no pi. meat
saMOK m., gen. saMKa lock, padlock pwSa /. fish
KJiioq m., gen. KJiio^a key KOBcepBu pi. preserves
 177

K0Ji6aca /. sausage aneJibCHH m. orange

rop^HE^a /. mustard 5aHaH m. banana
nepeu m., gen. nepi;a pepper rpyma /. pear
cojib /., no pi. salt jiHMOH m. lemon
Kpyna /., pi. KpyuH groats MaH^apHH m. tangerine
caxap m., no pi. sugar nepcHK m. peach
KOH(feTa /. sweet h6jioko neut., pi. hSjiokh, gen. a6jiOK
neneHbe neiit., no pi. pastry, biscuits apple
BapeHbe neut. jam BHHorpan ^' grapes
moKOjiaA rn., no pi. chocolate MopKOBb /., no pi. carrots
Meff m., no pi. honey orypeu; m., gen. oryprta cucumber
MopoHteHoe neut., gen. MopojKenoro, noMHAop m. tomato
no pi. ice-cream BHmHH /., gen. pi. EHmen cherry
nnpoHCHoe neut., gen. nnpo^KHoro, pi. KJiySHHKa /., no pi. strawberries
nHpojKHHB fancy cake cjiHBa /. plum
BHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine qeperanfl /., gen. pi. qepemeu sweet
BO^Ka /. vodka cherry
ap6y3 m. water-melon
Dishes AbiHH /. melon
repox m., no pi. peas
a)'BaHerpeT m. Russian salad KanycTa /., no pi. cabbage
HKpa /., no pi. caviare KapTO^JCJib m., no pi. potatoes
cejib;5fa /., gen. pi. cejibj^en herring jiyK m., no pi. onion(s)
cajiaT m. salad CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot
b) SyjibOH m. broth pe^HC m., no pi. radishes
cyn m., pi. cynbi soup peAHCKa /., colloq. radishes
miH pi., no sing, n^en, maM, ni;aMn, (j)ac6jib /., no pi. French beans
(o) ntax cabbage soup
6opa^ m., gen. 6opina borsch
(beetroot soup) PLANTS
paccojibHHK m. soup with pickled
cucumbers, capers, etc. Trees
Jianma /., no pi. noodle soup
c) 6H4)raTeKc m. beefsteak 6epe3a /. birch
ryjiHra m. goulash Ay6 m., pi. Ay6M, -6b oak
KOTJiexa /. rissole, cutlet e.ib /. fir-tree
poMmTeKc.m. rumpsteak HBa willow
/.
neneHKa /., no pi. liver Kejq)m. cedar
cupHHKH pi. cottage-cheese pan- KJieH m. maple
cakes ocHHa /. aspen
niHHqeJib m. schnitzel najibMa /. palm
HH^Hnqa [-mn-] /. fried eggs cocHa /., pi. cocuH, cocen pine-tree
d) MaKapoHbi pi. macaroni
Kama /. cereal pudding
pnc m., no pi. rice Flowers
e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoa
K64)e m., indecl. coffee acTpa /. aster
qaii m., no pi. tea BacHJieK m., gen. BacHJibKa corn-
KOMnoT m. stewed fruit flower
KHcejib m., gen. KHcejia thin (fruit) JiaHj^um m. lily-of-the-valley
jelly MaK m. poppy
HesaGyAKa /., gen. pi. ueaaSyAOK
Fruit, Berries, Vegetables forget-me-not
<|)najiKa /., gen. pi. ^naJiOK violet
aGpHKoc m. apricot poMamKa /., gen. pi. poMamcK daisy
ananac m. pineapple poaa /. rose
 178

Cereals rojiySb m., gen. pi. roJiyGen pigeon,

dove
KyKypyaa /., no pi. maize
rycb m., gen. pi. rycei goose
OBec m., gen. OBca oats
BHAioK m., gen. HHfliOKa turkey
nmeHHqa /., no pi. wheat K^pni^a /., pi. KypH hen
po>Kb /., gen. pjKH, no pi. rye
jieoeAb m., gen. pi. jie6efleH swan
pHC m., no pi. rice
opeji m., gen. opjia eagle
nonyran m. parrot
ANIMALS AND BIRDS naBJiHH m. pea-cock
Wild Animals cTpayc m. ostrich
yxKa /., gen. pi. yxoK duck
BOJiK m., gen. pi. bojikob wolf
ea« m., gen. ema hedgehog
sajui m., gen. 3aH^a hare
KpoKOAHJi m. crocodile
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
jieB m., gen. jibsa lion
jinca /., pi. jmcH fox aaoT m. nitrogen
MeABe^b m. bear ajiiOMHHHH m. aluminium
o6e3bflHa /. monkey, ape 6poM m. bromine
CJiOH m., gen. cjiona elephant BOAopoA m. hydrogen
THrp m. tiger rejiHH m. helium
qepenaxa /. tortoise HceJieso neut. iron
SOJIOTO neut. gold
Domestic Animals HOff m. iodine
Kajinii m. potassium
BepGjiiOA ni. camel cepa /. sulphur
BOJi m., gen. BOJia ox cepe6p6 neut. silver
Koaa /., pi. Koati goat CTponqHH m. strontium
KopoBa /. cow CBHHeu, m., gen. CBHHua lead
KomKa /., gen. pi. KomeK cat KHCJiopoA m. oxygen
Jioma^b /., gen. pi. Jioma^eH horse MBflb /. copper
OBqa /., pL OBnH, ouen sheep HaTpnii m. sodium
oceji m., gen. ocjia donkey HHKejib m. nickel
co6aRa /. dog ojiOBO neut. tin
CBHHbfl /., pi. CBHHbH, CBHHeH pig paAHH m. radium
pryrb /. mercury
Birds yrjiepoff m. carbon
ypan m. uranium
Bopo6eH m., gen Bopo6bH sparrow 4>6c4»op m. phosphorus
Bopona /. crow xjiop m. chlorine
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

Anpilogova, B. G.
Essential Russian-English
dictionary

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