don’t work

won’t pass
hadn’t been
would have passed
hadn’t been
would have gone
had
would email
doesn’t go
won’t go
had slept
wouldn’t have been
gives
won’t be
had
would travel
don’t eat
will be
don’t go
will be
The psychologist said the lecturer tries to understand social behavior
The psychologist said the lecturer tries to understand social behavior

Singapore’s landfill is an artificial island.

Singapore recycles as much of its trash as possible and then incinerates the rest.
Ash from incinerated trash is dumped into cells located off the shore of the main
island.
The ecosystem of the island is thriving.
The rest of the world can learn about sustainable urbanization from the Semakau
landfill.

adundant
thrive
incinerate
conservation
elimination
contaminated
constraints
anticipate
sustainable
disposal
dubious
obsolete

1. Vegdahl isn’t good at repairing his own items.

2. People who are philosophically opposed to waste can convene in repair cafes.
3. People should fix items rather than purchasing new ones. People shouldn’t waste.
4. Repairing items is a good way to save money in difficult times.
5. Jacobson wants people to conserve more and waste less.
6. Companies design these products to be thrown away so that people will buy more
of them.
7. The author’s landlord wanted to save money and time by replacing the washer.
8. RadioShack was not selling enough cables, connectors, and widgets to make a
profit. They were more successful selling smartphones and other wireless devices.
9. The watch is cheap and will break.
10. The author felt proud of and attached to her lamp because she spent time fixing
it herself.
retailers
manufacturers
incinerators
elimination
purity
environmentalists
investors
investments
corporations

1. Repair culture stands counter to the mainstream, throwaway outlook, despite

recent attempts by people like Repair PDX volunteers.
2. The island of Pulau Semakau will be viewed by ecotourists on uniquely planned
guided visits in the future.
3. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that 4.4 pounds of garbage per
day are thrown away by the typical American, compared to 2.68 pounds in 1960.

1. According to Bland, Singapore's dumps the garbage from its 4.4 million citizens
on an artificial island. In the near future, this island could become one of
Singapore's main tourist spots.
2. Because of a lack of space, more than 90 percent of Singapore’s trash is
incinerated. To reduce carbon emissions in the future, more of Singapore’s trash
will have to be recycled, Bland reports.
3. Last month Steve Vegdahl brought a slice of bread and his broken toaster to the
repair café in Portland. His toaster was functioning again and the room smelled
like toasted wheat when he exited.
4. Jacobson thinks that the idea of repairing instead of replacing will develop,
even though it has been seen as a defiant activity over the last few decades.
Repair PDX has given many objects, such as coffee grinders, speakers, lawnmowers,
and furniture a second chance.

Prediction: Umbrellas made out of recycled newspapers won’t be popular.

Reason: They won’t be very effective in the rain.
Prediction: This idea may be successful.
Reason: Financial rewards may encourage people to recycle.
Prediction: Using coffee grounds for fertilizer might be a good idea.
Reason: It shouldn’t be too expensive.
Prediction: This idea won’t work.
Reason: There won’t be enough used cooking oil to fuel many cars.

means clinics converted from shipping containers; invented by Laurie Garrett

no access to clinics in remote areas in developing countries
converts shipping containers into clinics and selects paramedics from villiages
that they serve
more affordable; portable medicine will be a reality for people in developing
countries
needs support from governments and aid organisations

means medical therapy using products from the bee to treat pain in ancient
tradition in China
alternative treatment without medications
raise bees, get stung by bees
low cost and effective
need to convince people that apitherapy works
can fine
in Haiti, cost
Garrett believes
should
reports, works
is based
probably
the best
is used

plays a trading game

works as a salesman
sits at computer
posts an online ad for a red paper clip
gets a pen for paper clip
works hard
trades stuff
trades for a glass globe
gets a part in a movie
trades a part in movie for a house in town
has a house
writing a book
town plans to build a big paper clip for tourists

in his childhood
a year before
in 2005
first
two days later
for over a year
for a few months
eventually
after a while
over a year later (2006)
today
a few years later
in the future

2 dads in Boulder
want kids to bike to school
want kids to exercise more
punch cards for credit
incentives and grab bag
use bar code system
technology RFID tags and readers; spread to other states

changed name because too many people mispronounced the name as Freaker
wanted to include walkers, both kids and parents like boltage
RFID tags and readers, bikers and walkers, more states

Freiker came from a combination of frequent and biker. It had to change because now
there are walkers too. Now it is called Boltage. Bolt means to run and boltage
sounds like voltage--a charge of electricity.
The program started out using punch cards then bar codes, then RFID tags; now
children ride past a "freikometer" and it registers their ride, so instead of
monitoring, parents can help in the classroom.
The program encourages kids to use active transportation, which means they get
themselves to school and don't get rides from their parents; riding bikes is a
healthy activity and helps develop Freiker/Boltage "safe routes to school."
Two things that remain the same in the new program are the incentives and the
solar-powered RFID readers.
They measure success by how many kids participate, how much CO2 is saved from the
atmosphere, how many miles the kids ride and how many calories they burn.