Cpep,HoaeKOBHa 5 bnrapMR t1

CKaHp,MHaBMR
npe3 IX-XV a.
BACl!ln r K)3EnEB
Co¢1.1i1cKt1 yHt1Bepct1TeT

B3alt1MOOTHOWeHlt1RTa Ha 6bnraplt1Te C HapOP,ltlTe OT CKaHP,ltlHaBCKltl-

Te crpaHltl ltlMar TBbpp,e p,bnra ltlcropltlR . TR see Oll.\e He e p,ocrarbLJHO
npoyLJeHa. HRKOltl cpep,HOBeKOBHltl lt1 nO-KbCHltl aBTOpltl fltl OTHaCRT KbM
TBbpp,e paHHltl speMeHa. B KparKoro :>+<ltlTVle Ha cs. Km'lMeHT OxpltlP,CKltl
(t916 r.), HanltlcaHo B HaLJanoro Ha XII I B. or oxpltl,QCKII1R apx111enV1cKon
,Qlt1MII1Tbp XoMarltlaH, ce 1113TbKBa ep,Ha YHII1KanHa nereHp,a 3a npolt13Xop,a
Ha 6bnrap111re 111 TRXHara paHHa spb3Ka c AneKcaHp,bp MaKep,oHCKIIl (IV B.
np. Xp.) 111 esponetllcKIIlR Cesep: ,T03111 sen111K Haw orell 111 6bnrapCKII1 cse-
TltlnHIIlK 6e OT pop,a Ha esponet/1CKII1Te Ml/13111, K0111TO MHOropa3yMHII1RT LJO-
BeK 3Hae 111 KaTO 6bnrap111 . nbpBOHaLJanHO OT OnltlMnllltllCKa npyca [6pyca
s Mana A3111R] re 6Rxa npeceneHI/1 or AneKcaHp,posara pbKa 111 no Heroso
noseneHIIle KbM CesepH111R oKeaH 111 Mbprso Mope. Cnep, Karo npeMltlHa
KpaTKO speMe, C ronRMO yc111n111e Te npeKOCltlXa .[\yHaB 111 Haii1CTV1Ha BCII1LJ-
KO 3acenl!1xa - naHOHltlR 111 ,QanMal\ltlR, TpaKVlR nbK 111 V1n111p111K lt1 MHOro
MaKep,oHcKa 111 ConyHcKa 3eMR. " 1 B cKaH,QltlHascKoro cpe,qHoseKOBHo re-
orpacj:>cKo aHOHltlMHO on111caH111e ,KaKBI/1 3eMlt1 ca pa3nono:>+<eHlt1 B csera"
(KpaR Ha XIII- HaLJanoro Ha XIV s.) B p,yxa Ha 61116netllcKara KOCMoroHVlR
lt1 reorpacj:>VlR Te3111 B3aii1MOOTHOWeHII1R ca OTHeCeHI/1 KbM Hatll-p,bn6oKa p,peB-
HOCT: ,PeKara ce HapVlLJa .QyHaB. TR 1113Bltlpa or Ann111tllcKV1Te nnaHV1HII1 .
TonKosa e ronRMa, LJe B HeR ce sn111sar 60 roneMIIl peKI/1. TR ce snvma B
Mopero LJpe3 ce,qeM pbKasa 111 BCII1LJKV1 re ca roneMI/1. 3eMRTa OTBbA ra3111
peKa ce Hap111LJa TpaKltlR. TaM e pa3nono:>+<eH OH3111 rpap,, Kotllro ce HapltlLJa
KoHcraHTVlHonon. Totll e ocHoBaH or KOHyHr KoHcraHTVlH. Xopara Hapltl~ar
T03111 rpa,q M111Knarapp,. 8 TpaKIIlR orHaLJano :>+<lllBRn TVlpac, CVlHbT Ha V1a-
¢er, HoeBIIlRT CVlH . Or Hero npOII13nR3bn OH3lt1 Hapop,, Kotllro ce Hapw-Ia
rpaKIIl. MH03111Ha Ka3sar, noHe::>+<e TaKa nosecrsysar craplt1re KHIIlrVl, LJe
or re3111 38M111 6Vlnlt1 3acen111n111Te CBVlTbO,Q [WBel\VlR], a HopserVlR 6Vlna
3aceneHa OT CBVlTbOP,, a l!lcnaHP,IIlR OT Hopser111R, a rpeHnaHP,VlR OT l!lcnaH-
.,D,V1Fl".2 KbM 6V16netllcKara enoxa r111 orHacR V1 pop,oHaLJanHVlKbT Ha Mop,ep-
Hara 6bnrapcKa l!lCTOpltlOnl!lC naltlCVlt/1 XltlneHp,apCKltl B CBORTa , l!lCTOpl!lR
cnaBRH06bnrapcKa" (1762 r.). Tot/1 He caMo ryK 3a npbB nbT ynorpe6Rsa y
Hac reorpacpcKoTo noHRTltle CKaHP,I!lHaBI!lR (CKaH,qaBltlR), HO 111 s He!AHOTO
HaceneHltle TbpCltl npolt13Xo,qa Ha cnaBRHltlTe 111 6bnrap111re: , Vlacper ltlMan
e,q111H ClllH - HapltlLJanl!l ro Mocxoc. Ha Herosoro nneMe 111 pop, ce na,qHan 111

27
oT Hero ce oT ,QenVJn HaWVJRT cnasRHCKVJ e3VJK VJ ce Hapw-Jan Mocxocos
pop, VJ e3VJK . ToR pop, V1 e3VJK OTVJWbn Ha cesep, rp,eTo cera e MocKoscKa-
Ta 3eMR VJ no OH3VJ csotlt npa,Qep, Mocxoc HapeKnVJ MocKsa peKaTa, rp,eTo
Hatlt-Hanpep, ce 3acenVJnl!l, a no HeR V1 cenVJLl..\eTo. nocne nocTeneHHO ro
npesbpHanVJ s rpap,, TaM nocTasVJnVJ wapcKVJR npecTon l!1 nopap,l!l TOBa
BCW-lKl/1 ce HapeKnl!l MOCKOBL\l!l - l!1 P,O P,HeC. 8 MOCKOBCKaTa 3eMR l!IM3
eAHa cTpaHa, Hapw-la ce CKaH,[\aBVJR. KaKTO ce pa3npbCHanl!l Hatlt-HanpeA
OHVIR, KOVJTO 6v1nl!1 B Ta3l!l CTpaHa, HapeKnVJ ll!l CKaHAaBnaHl!l. Te3l!l CKaH -
,[\aBnaHl!1 cne,[\ MHOIO 10Al!1HV1 l!1 BpeMe KaTO ce YMHO/Kl!1nl!1 B OHa3V1 3eMR,
B,[\l!IIHanl/1 ce OT HeR, OTl!1WJll!1 Ha 3ana,[\ l!1 HaMepl!lnl!1 TaM 3eMR Kpat/1 0Kl!laH
Mope. Tosa Mope ce Hapw-1a 6anTl!1illcKo l!1 noMapl!1illcKo. L!1 ce 3acenl!1nl!1 Te3l!1
cKaH,[\asnaHl!1 Kpalll 6paHAl!16yp [6paHAeH6ypr], a no Tosa l!1Me ocaH,qasnaHl!1
nocne HapeKill/1 TOR po,q CJlaBRHl!1 - l!1 ,[\0 ,[\HeC. 0Hl!1R, KOl!1TO OCTaHaJll!l TaM,
ce Hapw-!aT cnasRHl!1. KpbCTl!1Jll!l rl!l cseTl!1 Kl!1pl!ln l!1 MeTO.Ql!1ill l!1 3apa,ql!l TRX
HapeKnl!1 HaWl!ITe KHl!lrl!l l!1 1...\enl!IR poA l!1 e3l!1K cnasRHCKl!l. Te rosopRT cnasRH-
CKl!l e3l!IK Haill-npasl!lnHo l!1 Haiii-Yl!ICTO l!1 Ka3saT MHoro AYMlll, nopp6Hl!l Ha
6bnrapCKl!1T8, HO cera ,[\bp>KaT pl!IMCKa BRpa l!1 BOIOB3T Ha CTpaHaTa Ha H8M-
CKl!1R 1...\ap ... Te3l!l cnaBRHl!1 ca OT e,[\l!IH po,q l!1 e3l!1K c 6bnrapl!ITe. KoraTo ce
3aCeJll!IJll!l B OHa3l!1 38MR Kpaill H8ML\l!IT8 l!1 6paH,QeH6ypl!IT8, no 8,[\HO BpeMe
ce Ha,Ql!1rHan MHOIO HapOA OT TRX l!1 OTl!1L:lJJll!l naK B MoCKOBCKaTa 38MR, HO
MOCKanl!ITe l!1 pyCl!1Te He ll!l nycHanl!l B CBORTa 3eMR l!1 CTaHana IOJlRMa BOii1Ha
l!1 6paH. TyK BbB BOiiiHaTa no6e,[\l!1Jll!l cnaBRHl!ITe, OTHOBO BJ183Jll!1 B OHa3l!1
3eMR l!1 ce 3acenl!lnl!1 Kpaill ronRMaTa peKa 6onra ... nopa.Ql!1 Ta3l!l peKa 6on-
ra OHe3l!l CJlaBRHl!1 ce HapeKill!l 6onrapl!1 - l!1 ,QO ,[\HeC, l!1 6l!1Jll!1 B OHa3l!l 3eMR
MHOro ro,[\l!IHVJ l!1 speMeHa AO 328 r. OT Po>K,QeCTBO Xpl!lcToso". 3 CbspeMeHHa-
Ta HayKa TBbpAe OT,[\aBHa e ,[\OKa3aJla, Ye Hl!ITO CKaH,[\l!1H3BL\l!IT8 ca npOl!l3-
ne3Jll!l OT TpaKl!1Te, Hl!1TO nbK npesbpH3Jll!1Te ce B CJlaBRHl!l CK3H,[\l!IHaBL\l!l,
3acenl!lnl!1 ce Kpatlt peKa Bonra, ca ,[\anl!l HaYanoTo Ha 6bnrapcKl!1R po,q.
3a ,[\a l!136erHa Tpa,[l,l!1L\l!IOHHaTa Yl!ICTO XpOHOJlOil!IYeCKa Cl!ICTeMa
Ha npeACTaBRHe Ha 6bnrapo-cKaHAl!IHascKaTa s3al!IMHOCT npe3 CpeAHO-
seKOBl!leTo, Ll..\8 Ce Onl!IT3M B HaCTORL.l..!eTO l!I3JlO/KeHl!le ,[\a l!l3nOJ13BaM Te-
MaTW-IHO-CTpyKTypHl!IR nO,QXO,[l,, KO!IITO e He CaMO MO,[\eH B CbBpeMeHHaTa
Me,[l,l!I8Bl!ICTl!IKa, HO l!1 ,[\aBa Bb3MO/KHOCT 3a nO-TOYHO HaMl!lpaHe Ha pea-
Jll!ll!ITe, KOl!1TO ce Cb,[\bp/KaT B ,[\OCTl!1rHaJll!ITe ,[1,0 HaC pa3H006pa3Hl!l l!ICTO-
pl!IYeCKl!1 l!I3BOpl!l. 3aAaYl!ITe Ha HaCTORL.l..!aTa CTYAl!1R ce cse>K,qaT ,qo cpop-
Mynl!lpaHe Ha npe,[\CTaBl!ITe 3a HRKOJlKO TeMaTl!1YHl!1 Kpbra: ycTaHOBRBaHe
Ha HaYaJlOTO l!1 XapaKTepa Ha 6bnrapo-CK3H,[l,l!IHaBCKOTO 06l.l..!8Hl!1e; nbTl/1-
l.l..!aTa Ha HerOBOTO OCbl.l..!eCTBRBaHe; o6naCTl!1Te l!1 cpeAl!1Ll..\aTa Ha B3al!1M-
Hl!1Te l!1M cpel.l..!l!l; nonl!1Tl!IYeCKl!1 l!1 APYil!1 cb6l!ITl!1R, s KOl!1TO e OT6enR3aHo
napanenHoTo yYacTl!1e Ha 6bnrapl!1 l!1 cKaHAl!IHaBL\l!1; apxeonorl!1YeCKl!l, Hy-
Ml!13MaTl!1YHl!1 L:1 APYil!1 naMeTHl!IL\l!l s cKaHAl!1HaBCKl!1Te cTpaHl!l l!1 6bnrapl!IR
- CBl!1AeTeJlCTBO 3a B3al!1MOOTHOWeHl!1R Me/KAY TRX; CKaHAl!1HaBCKl!ITe nb-
Tenl!1CHV1, reorpacpcKl!1 l!1 KapTorpacpcKl!1 npeACTaBl!1 l!1 l!l3o6pa>KeHl!1R Ha 6bn-
rapcKl!1Te 3eMl!l l!1 npel.\eHKa Ha pe3yJlT3Tl!ITe OT B3al!1MHOTO 06l.l..!eHl!le npe3
pa3tne/K,[\aHl!1R npO,[\bJl/Kl!1T8JleH nepl!10A.

28
 npe,o,sapvnenHO TpR6Ba ,0,3 ce OT6ene>KVJ, LJ8 OCKb,O,HOCTTa Ha ni!1C-
M8HIII IIICTOpVIY8CKVI CB8,0,8HVJR (B npeo6na,o,aBa~aTa CVI Y3CT T8 ca CK3H-
,D,IIIH3BCKVJ VI TBbp,D,e ManKO ca T83VI OT 6bnrapCKI/I npOV13XO,D,) VI naMeTHVI-
~111 Ha MaTepVIanHaTa KynTypa VI VI3KYCTBOTO 33Tpy,O,HRBa VI3Cne,o,saH8TO
VI LJ8CTO nbTVI nocTaBR nOB8LJ8 BbnpOCI!lT8nHVI npe,o, VI3Cne,o,BaYa, OTKOn-
KOTO ,0,3B3H8 Ha nonO>KVITenHVI OTrOBOpl!l. TeMaTVILJHaTa orpaHI!lY8HOCT Ha
nbpsoHaYanHVITe npoyYBaHVIR B KpaR Ha XIX - nbpsara nonoBI!lHa Ha XX
s. s paMKVITe Ha ,o,eLilHocrra Ha HOpBe>KKVIR KoHyHr Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,VI
(CypoBVIR) npe3 XI B. Ha 5anKaHCKI!lR nonyocTpos e nmi!1YHa 3a pycKVIR
BVI3aHTVIHVICT B. I. BacVIneBCKVILil, CKaH,O,VIHaBCKI!lTe M8,D,VI8BVICTI!l n. A. MyHK
VI C. 5nboH,o,an VI roneMI!lR 6bnrapcKIII IIICTOpVIK B. H. 3naTapcKI!1 (1866-
1935).4 He3aBI!lCI/IMO OT TOBa, IIIM8HHO T8XHIIIT8 npoyYBaH1!1R ,o,asaT Tna-
CbK 3a no-HaTaTbWHOTO 1113Cne,o,BaHe Ha 6bnrapO-CKaH,O,I!1HaBCKaTa B3a-
VIMHOCT, KoeTo npe3 nocne,o,HIIITe ro,o,IIIHI!1 ,o,a,o,e ,o,o6p1t1 nno,o,ose. ·
06~0TO Cb61t1paTenHO Ha3BaHit18 Ha CKaH,D,I!1HaBL.IIIIT8 (p,aTYaHl/1, IIIC-
naH,D,L!III, HOpB8>KL!III Ill WB8,0,111), KaKTO 8 T8XHIIIT8 paHHl/1 TBOp6111 (carlll, IIIC-
TOpW·l8CKIII Cb'-li/IH8HIIIR, noeTIII'-lHl/1 TBOp6111 Ill p,p.), TaKa Ill B niiiCM8HIIIT8
cse,o,eHIIIR Ha Bl/13aHTIIILill.lllllll ,o,peBHIII pyc111 e ,aapRru" (Vaeringjar, Bagayym,
BapRrlll, BapR3111) 5 ; B naTI/IH0831t1LJHaTa CB8TOBHa niiiTepaTypa- ,HOpMaHU"
(Normanni), T.e. ,ceBepHit1 mo,o,e", a s lllcnaH,o,cKVI, aHrnocaKCOHCKI!l, 1!1p-
naH,D,CKIII, cppaHKCKIII 111 ,o,pyr111 1113BOplt1 - ,BUKUHIU" (Vikingar). 6 B cTapo6bn-
rapcKit1 KHit1>KOBHIII naMeTHIIIL!III OT XI-XIII s. cb61!1paTenHoTo 111M IIIMe e
,pycure 6pa,[JU" (poyCbl8 6pap,bl). 7 8 CKaH,QIIIHaBCKit1T8 lt13BOpV1 IIIM8TO ,5bn-
rap111R" 111n111 ,5bnrapcKa 38MR" o6111KHOBeHo ce o6o3HaLJasa KaTo Bolgara
land (Bulgaraland), a ,6bnrap111Te" ca HapiiiYaHIII ,Bo/gar" 111 ,Bu/gar". 8 flllln-
cara Ha ,o,pyr111 8THIII'-l8CKIII HaiiiM8HOBaHI/IR 3a TRX B TBbp,Qe rOnRMa CTe-
neH yneCHRBa 1113,0,111pBaH8TO Ha CnOM8HaBaHIIIR 3a TRX.

I. HALfAfiOTO

Pa3rne>+<,o,aHeTo Ha B3aiiiMOOTHoweHIIIRTa Me>K,o,y 5bnrap111R 111 CKaH-

,O,IIIHaBIIIR B 8THIIIY8CKIII VI T8p111TOpl!laneH acneKT 80,0,111 ,0,0 ycTaHOBRBaHeTO
Ha pe,O,IIIL!a T8XHIII npep,nOCTaBKl/1 Ill o6ycnOB8HOCTIII. B OCHOBHaTa Cl/1 LJaCT
re ca npo,o,yKT Ha ,D,BIII>KeHI/IeTo Ha sapRriiiTe Ha 10r KbM Cpe.QIII38MHOMO-
p111eTo, 5anKaHCKIIIR nonyocTpoB 111 CseTaTa 38MR, KOeTo IIIMano pa3niiiY-
HIII cpopMIII Ill 1113RBIII Ill TRXHOTO aKTI/IBHO npiiiCbCTBl/18 Ill ponR B ,QpeBHOpyc-
KOTO KHR>K8CTBO Ill Blll3aHTVILi1CKaTa IIIMnepiiiR, OC068HO B H8Li1HaTa CTOnl/1-
L!a KoHcTaHTIIIHonon. KaKTO 3a 6bnrapcKaTa, TaKa 111 3a cKaH,O,IIIHascKaTa
o6~HOCT Te ca IIIManlll BTopocreneHHO 3HaLJeH!IIe 1t1 ca 111rpaen111 nep1!1¢ep-
Ha ponR. CpelJ..!IIITe 111 KOHTaKTit1Te noMe>+<,o,y VIM ca 1t1Man111 eniii30,0,IIILJeH, a
noHRKora VI TBbp,o,e cnyYaeH xapaKTep.
nbpBv1T8 6bnrapO-CKaH,O,It1HaBCKI!l KOHTaKTl/1 (Hat/1-88'-18 C ,QaHl!lT8,
T.e. ,o,aTLJaHIIITe) ce ocb~ecTBRBaT B HaLJanHVITe ,o,eceTl!lneTIIIR Ha IX B.
f Yp83 Ci)paHKCKaTa VIMnepV!R no Bp8M8TO Ha fliO,O,OBVIK 5narOY8CTVIBIII (814-

~ 29
i
f·
840) . Cnope,q cBe,qeHlilRTa Ha cppaHKCKlilTe aHaJll!lCTlil, npareHI!ll\lil Ha 6bn-
rapl!lre l!1 CBbp3aHli1Te c TRX nneMeHa TlilMOLJaHl!l li1 a6o,qpli1Tli1-npe,qeHeweH-
Tli1 ca ce cpeLL\afllil B pa3nli1LJHli1 rpa,qoBe (PereHc6ypr, Mati!HL\, AaxeH li1
,qp.) c npareHlill\lil Ha ,qaHlilTe , cBel!lre (wBe,qvne) li1 HopylilLJl!lTe (HopBe.>KL\l!l-
re). 9 no BCFJKa BepORTHOCT li1M8HHO TOraBa cpe,q CK3H,[\li1H3BL\li1T8 C8 cpop -
Ml!lpa HFlK3KBa npep,cTaBa 33 5bJlr3pCKOTO X3HCTBO H3 ,[\OJlHl!IR ,QyH3B.
He Mo.>Ke ,[\3 He ce or6ene.>Kl!l, LJe 3KO P,3Hl!!Te OTKbM ceBep c3 npe.o,craB-
JlRBanl!l 3anJl3Xa 38 cpp3HKCK8T3 l!!Mnepl!IF!, TO H8ti!H3T3 naHOHCKa M3pK3
CTaHana npl!IL\eflH3 TOLJKa 33 808HHl!IT8 p,eti!CTBl!IFI H3 6bnr3pl!IT8 npe3 20-
Te rop,l!!Hl!l Ha IX s. Ep,s3 nl!l e cnyLJ3ti!Ho, LJe s e,o.Ha noeMa Ha roras3WHl!IFI
cppaHKCKl!l ,qsopwos noer Bana¢pl!l,q Crp360H ,6bnr3pl!IHbT", ,6peTOH8L\bT"
l!1 ,Xl!!Tpl!IF!T ,D.3TLJ3Hl!IH" C3 npep,CT388Hl!l K3TO l!13p33l!IT8Jll!l Ha ,BCFIK3KbB
Bpa>KeCKl!l Hanop". 10 npe3 eceHTa Ha 845 r. Kpan nfO,D.OBl!IK HeMCKl!l (840-
876) Ha CBlilKaHl!IFI cb6op B na,o.ep6opH npl!len l!1 li13cnywan np3TeHl!IL\li1 H3
,HopMaHl!ITe, cn3BRHl!ITe li1 Ha 6bnrapl!lre" (Nordmannorum , Scl3vorum
quoque et Bulg3rorum legationes). 11
Or cppaHKCKOTO onl!1C3Hl!le H3 nneMeHaTa li1 Hapo,Ql!1Te, KOlilTO o6l!l~
raBanlil B 6nli130CT ,o.o rp3Hlill\l!!Te H3 lilMneplilRTa npe3 nbpsara nonosl!1Ha
Ha IX B., li13BecTHO no,o. lilMero 6aB3pCKli1 reorpacp, ce Bl!1>K,D.a, Ye cepl!103-
HO BHli1M3Hl!1e e o6bpH3TO Ha ,0.3TY3Hl!1Te (Danaorum), HOpT36Tp83l!1T8
(Nortabtrezi) l!1 6bnrapl!1Te (Vulg3rii). 12
npe3 Cfle,D.B3LL\l!1Te CTOJl8Tl!1FI npenfll!1T3H8TO H3 6bnrapcKaTa l!1 CK3H-
,D.l!1H3BCK3Ta l!1CTOpl!1R 8 pa3Jll!1LJHl!1 o6naCTl!1, M8CTa l!1 l!13MepeHl!1R CT383
3HaLJl!1TenHo no-aKTl!1BHO. BapA.>KKaTa eKcnaH3l!1BHOCT 111 soti!HCTBeHOCT,
TFIXHaTa BpeMeHHa l!1Jll!l nOCTORHHa Ml!1rpal...\l!1FI Ha fOr Jl8>Kl!1 B OCHOBaTa Ha
aKTl!1Bl!133L\l!1FIT8 Ha noneTO Ha KOHTaKTl!1Te.

II. nbT111W.A HA ABII1)f(EHIIIE, MECTA 111 05nACTIII HA AOniiiP

noYTl!l npe3 L\Anoro Cpe,qHoseKOBl!le ronRMa aKTlllBHOCT s !J.Bl!1.>Ke-

Hl!leTo Cl!l KbM fO/KHl!1T8 Kpal!1LL\a Ha 8Bponeti!CKl!1R KOHTl!1HeHT no,o. cpopMaTa
Ha MOpCKl!l li1 cyX038MHli1 nOXO,D.l!1, yYaCTl!1e 8 KpbCTOHOCHOTO ,D.Bl!1>K8Hlile,
noKnoHHlilLJeCTBOTO Ha Csera 38MFI l!1 ,o.p. ca npoRBF!Banlil Hatll-seYe sapR-
rl!1Te . roneMlilTe 111M ycnex111 ( oco6eHo Ha Hopse>KL\l!1Te 111 l!1cnaH,D.L\l!1Te) s
Kopa6ocrpoeHeTo l!1 MopennasaHeTo ca onpe.o,enAnlll npe,o.noLJl!1TaHl!18TO
l!1M KbM li13non3BaHe Ha roneMlilTe BO!J.Hlil nbTl!1LL\a l!1 aprepl!1l!1 (Mopera l!1
p8Kli1) npe,o. Tp3,[\l!1L\l!10HHl!1T8 cyX03eMHli1 Bpb3Kl!1, KOli1TO CBbp3BaJll!1 ce -
sepHaTa C fO>KHaTa YaCT Ha KOHTli1H8HTa .
Hatll-Ba.>KHli1RT li1 Halll-KpaTKli1FIT nbT, Kotllro csbp3san CKaH,D.l!IHaBl!1R
C 5anK3HCKl!IFI nonyocTpOB, 6l!1n li13BeCTHli1RT ,BapR>KKl!l nbT" l!1Jll!1 ,l!13TO-
LJeH nbr" (vaeringa verg; austr verg) , Kotllro B ,o.pesHopycKaTa neron111c or
XI B. ,noseCTb speMeHHbiX neT" ce Hapl!1Ya ,nyTb li13 BapRrb Bb rpeKl!1 " . 13
Totll li1M3n li13KJlfOYl!ITenHo Ba.>KHa ponA 3a TbproBCKl!ITe 111 soeHH.o-nonl!ITl!I -
YecKl!ITe Bpb3Kl!l Ha CK3H,D.li1H3BL\li1Te (Hatll-BeLJe HOpBe/KL\l!ITe l!1 WB8P,li1T8)

30
 c 5bnrap111R l!1 Bll13aHTII1R 111 3a TeXHII1Te np111,QBl!1>KBaHII1R KbM KoHcTaHTII1HO-
non 111 Epycan111M. HerosoTo 1113non3BaHe ce Ha6mo,qasa o~e B cpe,qaTa
Ha IX B., HO no,qpo6HoTo My on111caH111e e CbxpaHeHo 111 ce ,qasa cToneTII1e
no-KbCHO B Cb'-lii1HeHII1eTo Ha Bl!13aHTII1VJCKII1R 111MnepaTop KoHCTaHTlllH VII
5arpRHopo,qHII1 (913-959) "3a ynpasneHllleTo Ha 111Mnep111RTa". BapR>KK111Te
KOpa6lll noTemRn111 OT cen111~8TO 8111C6l!l Ha OCTpOB roTnaH,Q (WBel_\lllR),
,[\OCTllllanlll ,[\0 nonOI_\K l 1 OTTaM no peKII1T8 ,0Bli1Ha lllnlll Hesa ,[\OCTI!Iranl!l go
XonMrap,q (gH . Hosropo,q) 1!1 .no peKa .QHenbp gocTI!Iranlll go ocTpoB cs .
ETepl!IVl (,qH. 5epe3aH), OTTYK ce npeXBbpnRnlll B peKa .QHeCTbp 111 no HeR
,qocTI!Iranlll ,qo YepHo Mope 111 ,qyHaBCKl!ITe ycTlllR . .QoTyK Te Halll-MHoro ce
6oenl!l OT Hana,qeHI!IRTa Ha neLJ8H811!1Te. no-HaTaTbK Bl!13aHTlllVJCKlllRT lllM-
nepaTOp e 3an111can cne,qHoTo: ,OT Cen111Ha [Cynl!IHCKI!IR pbKaB Ha ,qyHaB-
CKI!ITe YCTlllR] Te He Ce CTpaxyBaT OT HlllKOIO, HO KaTO BnR3aT B 5bnrapl!1R,
CTlllraT go ycTllleTo Ha .QyHaB. OT .QyHaB Te CTlllraT ,qo KoHona [ ocTpos
JleTR Me:>+<gy Cynl!IHCKV1R 111 KV1nV1ViCKV1R pbKas], oT KoHona go KoHcTaHI_\l!IR
[gH . rp. KIOCTeH,q>Ka B PyMbHV1R], go peKa BapHa [gH. p. npoBa,Ql!IVJCKa] V1
OT BapHa OTlllBaT ,[\0 peKa .QV1YV1Ha (TW-Ja]. 8CW-IKO TOBa e 6bnrapcKa 3e-
MR. OT ,QV1'-lV1Ha Te ppcTI!IraT ,qo npe,qen111Te Ha MeceMBplllR (gH . Hece6bp]
V1 TaKa goTyK CBbpWBa TRXHOTO TBbp,qe MbYV1TenHO, onaCHO, nbnHO C
npenRTCTBI!IR Te>KKO nnaBaHe" . noKpaV! AHXV1ano, Co3onon V1 AxTon on Te
,qocTI!IraT ,qo Bl!13aHTV1VICKa TeplllTOplllR 111 HaV!-HaKpaR s KoHcTaHTlllHonon. 14
npeMV1HaBaHeTO Ha BapRIV1Te no T031!1 nbT V1 6narOCKnOHHOTO OTHOWeHllle
OT CTpaHa Ha 5bnrapCKOTO 1_\apCTBO 111M gasano Bb3MO>KHOCT ,qa 6bgaT B
6nV13KV1 KOHTaKTV1 C HaceneHli18TO OT YepHOMOpCKaTa o6naCT, OC06eHO
np111 3aKOTBRHI!IRTa Clll B nplllCTaHI!I~aTa nplll CBOeTO 6nl!13KO ,[\0 6pera Ka-
6oTa>KHO nnaBaHe. no T03V1 peYHO-MOpCKI!I nbT 6111n111 V13BbpWBaHlll nOX0-
,[\111Te Ha pyCKI!ITe KHR38 cpe~y KOHCTaHTlllHOnon npl!l aKTlllBHOTO BapR>K-
KO yYaCTI!Ie npe3 860, 943 111 APYilll I0,[\111Hlll. no CBI!I,[\eTenCTBOTO Ha lllC-
naH,[\CKI!lTe car111 1!1 111CTOpV1YecKoro CbYI!IHeHI!Ie Ha CHopl!l CTypnycoH (1178-
1241) "3eMeH Kpbr" l!IM8HHO no T03lll nbT npe3 1030 I. npl!l OTV1BaHeTO Clll
BbB 81!13aHTV1R V1 np111 BpbLJ4aHeTO Clll OTTaM npe3 1043 r. npeMlllHan 6b,qe-
LJ4li1RT Hopse>KKV1 KoHyHr Xapan,q Xap,qpa,ql!l cbc csoRra sapR>KKa APY>KV1-
Ha.15 OcseH np111 soeHHlll noxo,q111 1!1 TbproscKlll nbTysaHV1R cKaH,qlllHaBI_\l!ITe
1!13non3sanlll T03lll nbT 3a noKnoHeHI!Ie Ha cseTlllTe MecTa 1!1 L\bpKBI!ITe s
KoHcTaHTlllHonon, oco6eHo cneg nocTpORBaHero Ha ,Cs. 5oropo,ql!11_\a Ba-
pR>t<Ka" 111 napaKnl!lca, nocseTeH Ha cs. Onas 15 l!l cseTlllTe MecTa s nanec-
TlllHa ll1 EpycanlllM.
3Ha'-l8Hl!leTO Ha sapR>KKlllR nbT B pa3Bli1Tli18TO Ha li13TOYHOeBpOneV!-
CKaTa TbpiOBlllR He MO>Ke ,qa 6y,q111 KaKBOTO ll1 ga e CbMH8Hll18. noKa3aTen-
HO e , '-le 111M8HHO Ha OCTpOB roTnaHg ca HaMepeHlll HaVI-MHOIO npe,qMeTlll
or Cpe,qHoseKOBllleTo, KOl!ITO l!IMaT Bl!l3aHTlllVICKI!I l 1 6anKaHCKlll npol!13xo,q.
5e3CnOpHO e , '-l8 B TbpiOBI!lRTa no T03lll nbT OCHOBHlll ,QBI!IIaTenlll ca 6lllnl!l
BapR1111T8 , HO B HeR aKTlllBHO Ce BKnrO'-lBanl!l li13TO'-lHlllT8 cnaBRHI!I, Ma,q>Ka-
pl!1T8 111 neLJeHerl!ITe, 6bnrap1!1Te l 1 Bl!l3aHTII1Vll.\li1Te. Ta31!1 TbproslllR e e,q111H oT
¢aKTOp111Te 3a li13,Ql!lraHeTo Ha pe,Qllll.\a rpa,qose KaTo Hosropo,q 111 Kl!leB 111

31
 npeBpbLi1aHeTO VlM B OCHOBHVl nonl!'1TV1'--l8CKV1 V1 TbprOBCKVl L\8HTpOBe B p,peB-
Ha Pyc111R . 17 AKTV1BHO yyacrsan111 s ra3V1 TbprosV1R 111 HRKOnKo 6bnrapcKV1
rpap,ose , M81K,[W KOV1TO oco6eHO 3HaYeHV1e V1ManV1 ManV1 npecnas (npec-
nasew) 18 V1 YepHOMOpCKV1T8 rpap,ose-npV1CTaHV1Ll.1a. npe3 969 r. pycKVlRT
KHR3 Cserocnas ce o6bpHan KbM MatllKa CV1 Onra 111 CBOV1Te 6onRpV1 cbc
cnep,HV1Te p,yMV1: ,He MV1 xapecsa p,a CTOR s K111es, V1CKaM ,Qa >KV1BeR s
npecnasew Ha ,0yHasa, 3al_l40TO TaM e Cpe,QV1HaTa Ha MORTa 3eMR, Tbt!J
KaTO TYK ce CTV1YaT BCV1YKV1 6nara: OT lbpL\VlR - 3naTO, nnaTOBe, BV1HO V1
pa3nV1YHV1 nno,qose, or YexV1R 111 or YHrap111R - cpe6po 111 KOHe, or Pyc nbK
- KO/KII1 111 BOCbK, Me,Q 111 p06111" (1113 Pyc111 >Ke CKOpa 111 BOCKb, Me,Qb 111 LJe-
nR,Qb).19 lllMeHHO CTOKII1Te or K111escKa Pyc ca npeHacRnll1 s 6bnrap111R 111
Bll13aHTV1R sapR>KKII1re rbprOBL\111, a no o6parHII1R nbr ca ,QOHacRnll1 ryK 111 s
CB0111re 3eMII1 11136poeHII1re no-rope CrOKII1 .
,Qpyr MopcKII1 nbr, 1113non3saH Yecro or cKaH,QII1Haswll1re, e 6111n 6an-
T111ti1CK111Rr. no Hero re npeMII1Hasanll1 C K0pa6111re Cll1 OrKpat/1 6pera Ha 6an-
rll1t!JCKO Mope, ArnaHrii1YeCKII1R oKeaH 111 npe3 l1116panrap Hasn1113an111 s Cpe-
P,II13eMHO MOpe. ,0BII1/KeHII1ero no Hero 111Mano He CaMO BOeHHII1 111 rbprOB-
CKII1 wen111, HO 111 noKnOHHII1LJeCKll1 . noHRKOra re ce orKnOHRBanll1 B P111M 3a
noKnoHeHII1e 111 rbprosii1R 111 orryK norernRnll1 KbM KoHcraHrii1Honon 111n111
Epycanii1M. lllMeHHO no ro3V1 nbr npea 1151 r. AOCrll1rHan AO Cse~_i4eHII1R
rpa,Q V1 ce 3aBbpHan OrryK npe3 1154 r. e,Q111H Or Hat!J-yLJeHII1re Mb/Ke Ha
cKaH,QII1HascKoro Cpe,qHoseKOBII1e a6arbr Ha 6eHe,QII1Krii1HCKII1R MaHacrll1p
,TV1Hretll,Qap" s CesepHa l!lcnaH,QII1R H111Konayc CeMyH,qapcoH. 20 3a pa3BII1-
rll1ero Ha 6bnrapO-CKaH,QII1HaBCKV1re OrHOWeHI!1R r03111 nbr He 111rpaen OC-
HOBHa 111 3HaYII1renHa ponR .
l!13secrHII1Rr ,QII1aroHaneH nbr Via Singidunum: KoHcraHrii1Honon -
A,Qp111aHonon - 0,Qp111H - <P111n111nonon (nnoB,Q111B) - Cep,Q111Ka (Cocp111A) -
Hatllcoc (H111w) - CII1Hrl!1,QYHYM (6enrpa,q) - 6y,Qa- CaKCOHII1R 111 r.H., Kotllro
csbp3san Bll13aHrV1R 111 6bnrapcKII1re 3eMV1 Cbc Cpe,QHa, 3anagHa 111 Ce-
sepHa Espona 21 , 6111n 1113non3BaH or CKaHA111Haswll1re rnasHo nog111p XI B.
BbB spb3Ka c KpbcroHOCHII1re noxog111 111 3aYecrl!1noro n111n111rp111Mcrso. Totll
no-pAgKo 6111n npeMII1HasaH c rbproscKII1 wen111, rbtll Karo rpac111pan 3eMII1 111
o6nacr111, s Ko111ro xopara or Cesepa He BCRKora 6111n111 o6e3neYeHII1 111 He
cpe~_i4anV1 Cb,Qetllcrsll1e or MecrHara snacr. To31!1 nbr 111rpaen rsbpge sa:>K-
Ha ponR 3a On03HaBaHero Ha CKaHA111HaBI_\111re C 6bnrap111re 111 reXHII1re
rpagose 111 cenV11_i4a , pa3nono>KeHII1 Kpatll sa>KHara cyxonbrHa aprep111R.
npe3 1111 r. Ha Bpbl_i4aHe or Epycan111M HOpBe>KKII1Rr Kpan Cll1rypg I Epy-
canl!lMewa ce or6111n B KOHCTaHrii1HOnon np111 Bll13aHrV1tiJCKII1R 111Mneparop
AneKc111tll I KoMHII1H . B Herosa Yecr sac111nescbr ycrpo111n 111rp111. Ha 3aMII1-
HasaHe HOpBe>KK111Rr Kpan ocras111n B KOHCraHTII1HOnon BCII1YKII1re Cll1 KO-
pa6111, a 111Mneparopbr My ,Qan MHoro KOHe 111 npV1APY>KBaYV1 no nbrR. ,Ko-
HyHr C111ryp,q OTV1Wbn Hatll-Hanpeg s 6bnrap111R (Bolgarland), a no,q111p rosa
npeM111Han npe3 YHrapV1R, naHOH111R, Csasa 111 6asapV1R. TaM rotll ce cpel.LI-
Han c Katl13ep Jlorap or PyMa6opr" (r.e. Jlorap CaKCOHCK111). OrryK npe3
,QaHII1R rotll ce BbpHan s Hopserii1R. 22 B , MopKV1HCKV1Ha" 3a rosa Heroso

32
 i

I nbrewecrsl!le e 3ana3eHo ocMOCTV1WV1 e, Koero s np eso,Q rnacl!l cne,QHO-

ro : , IO,Ql!lHa Xl!lnR,Qa I cro V1 e,Ql!lHa,Qecera I seye 6ewe, Koraro /To!11 or
lbpl\l!lR rpbrHa,/ npeMV1Ha npe3 TpaKl!lR - Fracca , I ,Qpyrl!l YY>K,Ql!l crpaHl!l I
l!1 ,QO CaKCOHl!lR ,o.o!i1,Qe I Kpan Clllryp,Q" .23 Hel!13BecreH no l!lMe ,QaTCKl!l MO-
Hax, Ko!i1ro Cbll\O V13Bbpwvm npe,o.Vl rosa noKnoHeHl!le s Epycam11M, ce
3aBbpHan npe3 1193 r. B po,Qlt1Hara CV1 , npeMV1Hasali1KV1 npe3 KoHcTaHTVl-
Honon, 5bnrapV1R, VHraplt1R 1t1 li13TOL.JHa CaKCOHV1R. 24 V13non3BaHero Ha ro-
3V1 nbT OT yYaCTBall\lt1T8 B nbpBV1T8 Tplt1 KpbCTOHOCHVl noxo,o.a CKaH,D.V1HaB-
L\lt1 He MO>t<e ga 6yg1t1 KaKsoro 1t1 ga e CbMH8Hlt1e. MHoroKpaTHVl cnoMeHa-
saHVlR s pa3nlt1YHV1 lt13BOpV1 3a npeMV1HasaHero Ha HOpMaHVl no .Q!I1aroHan-
HV1R nbT B 3HaL.Jli1T8nHa CTeneH ,D.OnbnBaT V1Hcj)OpMaL\!11RTa 3a HerOBOTO !113-
non3BaHe or xopa Ha CKaH.QV1HaBli1R.
ErHall!11eB!I1RT nbT (Via Egnatia) 25 , KOL1ro CBbp3san KoHcTaHTfllHO-
non CbC ConyH 111 .QpaY, 6111n ll13non3BaH KaKro or KpbCTOHOCL.lvtTe, raKa V1
OT HOpMaHV1Te npvt TRXHOTO npOHfllKBaHe BbB BbTp8WHOCTTa Ha 5anKaH-
CKV1R nonyocrpos npe3 XI-XII B. 8 e,o.Ha or Hopse>t<Kfi1Te carvt or XII s. ce
pa3KpV1BaT nO,D.Bli13VlTe Ha 3HaTHVlR BapRr EL1H,QpVl,D.ll1. npe3 1151 r. TOLlt
npvtcTfllrHan s KoHcraHTvtHonon np111 !11Mneparop MaHyvtn KoMHVlH
(Myklegard ... Manuele kaisar), Kolltro ro 3aL.Jvtcnvtn s csoRra renoxpaHvt-
rencKa rsapgvtR. Tp111 ro,o.VlHVl no-KbCHO rollt noen nbTR KbM po,o.!I1Hara cvt.
Or KoHcTaHTV1Honon OTV1Wbn s HaM111pall\fi1R ce s 5bnrap111R .QpaY
(Dyrakksborg i Bulgarland), orraM npe3 5pvtH.Q!I13!11 1t1 Pli1M ce ynbTVln KbM
.QaHVlR, 3a ,o.a ,o.ocrvtrHe HaLil-HaKpaR s Hopser!I1R. 2 6 lllMeHHO 3a Hero ce
OTHaCRT HRKOnKO OCMOCT!I1WV1Fl Ha PorHsan,o. Kane-ParHap (t1158) , B eg-
HO or Koero ce cnoMeHasa, Ye 3a Hero OLL\e c111 cnoMHRnlt1 s , 6bnrapcKa-
ra 3eMR" (Bolgara-landi) 27 , Kbgero, !113rne:>t<ga, rollt e 61t1n 3aegHo c vtMne-
paropa MaHyflln I KoMHfllH.
li13RCHRBaHeTO Ha Bbnpoca 3a OCHOBH!I1Te nbTfllll..\a, no KOfllTO ca ce
,D.Bitl>t<enl!l cKaH,Qlt1HaBL.llt1Te KbM 6anKaHCKV1R nonyocrpos, ,o.asa Bb3MO>t<-
Hocr ,o.a ce ycraHOBRT !11 OCHOBHV1Te cpe,D.ltlll\a, Kb,D.eTO Ce OCbll\eCTBRBa-
no npRKoro 111M o6ll..lyBaHe c 6bnrapvtre. Vl3BbH o6nacr1t1re Ha nonyocrpo-
sa, HaceneHVl c 6bnraplt1, rosa, lt13rne:>t<,Qa, e crasano s rp111re cser111 3a
- BCV1YKV1 xplt1CT!I1RH!I1 rpa,o.ose Epycanlt1M, KoHcraHTfllHonon 111 P!11M, a no
BCRKa sepoRTHOCT VI ConyH . 5e3cnopHo e, Ye HaL1-Yecro cpell\!11Te ca ce
OCbll..\eCTBRBanVI s KoHcTaHTV1Honon , Kb,o.ero nbcrponneMeHHOCTTa Ha Ha-
ceneHVlero, o6lt1TaBall..\lt1Te rpa,o.a 1t1 HerOBV1Te speMeHHVl >t<li1Tenll1 111nV1 npe-
6lt1saBall..\lt1 , e e,o.Ha or HaL1-sepHV1Te MY xapaKreplt1CTV1KVI. VL.JacTHVIKbT s
nbpBVIR KpbcToHoceH noxo,o. 5apron,o. ,o.e HaHrVlc or6enR3Ba, Ye ryK npe3
1096 r. ro!l1 BVl,D.Rn rbpL\Vl, 6bnrapVI (Bulgari), anaHvt, KyMaHVl , neL.JeHerVI
V1Tanlt1aHL.lV1, seHeL.lVIaHL\Vl , HopMaH!I1 (Normanni) 1t1 ,o.p. 28 HeMCKfllRT MOHax
or BKJpl\6ypr tlloxaH, KoL1ro npe3 1155 r. nocer1t1n Epycanlt1M, or6enR3Ba,
Ye ryK rot/1 cpell\Han npe,o.craslt1ren!l1 Ha pa3nlt1YHV1 Hapo,o.Vl, Me>t<gy KOV1TO
rbpL\l!l, wornaH,D.L\VI, ¢paHL.lY3VI, HeML\Vl, 6bnraplt1 (bulgari), aHrnVIYaHVI (angli)
l!1 ,o.p. 29 Cpell\VITe VlM BbB ,BeYHVIR rpag" PV1M, MaKap 1t1 npRKO He3aCB!I1,D.e-
rencrsaHV1, ca CbBCeM oYeBlt1,QHV1.

I
j,
l
33
 Ill. CPE~I/1 B XO,QA HA Cb6111T111R B 6bnrAPCKII1TE Ill
6AnKAHCKII1TE 3EMV1

AKTI!1BHOCTTa Ha 6bnrapO-CKaH,QI!1HaBCKIIIT8 OTHOW8HVIR , V13pa3eHa

B rnaBHa CTeneH Yp83 npV1CbCTBI!18TO Ha BapR1VIT8 VI vnanl!1aHCKVIT8 HOp-
MaHVI B VICTOp1!1RTa Ha 5anKaHCKVIR nonyocTpOB, e Haill-ronRMa B nepVIO,Qa
IX-XII s. TR e 3aCBVI,qerencrsaHa s Haill-pa3Hoo6pa3HVI VI3BOpV1 (crapo-
6bnrapcK1!1, Bl!13aHT1!1illcKVI, VICnaH.QCKO-Hopse>t<KVI 111 naTI!1HCK1!1). Haill-3Ha-
YVIMI!1RT ,qoceraweH on111r 3a HeillHoro npocne,qRsaHe np1!1Ha,qne>t<l!1 Ha e,qi!1H
OT Haill-roneMlllT8 6bnrapCKlll M8.QI!18BI!1CTI!1 aKa,Q . li1BaH .QyillYeB (1906-
1985).30

06p. 1. noKpbCTBaHe Ha PYCII1T8- MI!1HIIlaTIDpa OT BaTI/1KaHCKII1R npenlllC Ha

MaHac111esara neron111c or XIV s. (Cod. Vat. slav. II, f. 166v).

1. BapRrlll 111 6bnrap111 npe3 IX - XII s.

PycKo-sapR>t<KlllTe MopcKI!1 noxo,qVI KbM KoHcTaHTlllHonon npe3 860,
907 VI 941 I. 31 , VI3BbpWBaHIII nOKpaill 6bnrapCKOTO YepHOMOpCKO Kpaill-
6pe>t<lll8 no pa3rne,qaHIIIR seye no-rope ,nyrb 1113 BapRrb Bb lpeKI!I", e,q-
sa n111 ca ocraHanVI He3a6enR3aHVI or 6bnrap111re VI rexHlllTe snagerenVI.
CKopo nogVIp nbpsoro Hana,qeH1!1e Kl!leBCKlllTe sapR>t<Klll KHR3e AcKong 111
,[J,VIp (862-882) Ill pe.QIII~a T8XHIII CbHapO,QHIII~I/1 npl!lenl!l OT 81!13aHTVlR Xpi!IC -
TIIIRHCKaTa BRpa. 32 Tosa pycKO-BapR>t<KO nbpBO MaCOBO noKpbCTBaHe 8
HaMepl!lnO OTpa>t<eHI!I8 B p8.QVIL\a CTapo6bnrapCKIII Oplllii!IHanHIII Ill npe-
BO.QHlll CbYIIIH8HI!1R 33 111 8 lllnfDCTplllpaHO C MlllHlt1aT!Dpa B cpe,QH06bnrap-

34
 ,....
.: ../_: t
·, ' < ·t

' /
-' .

06p. 2. HawecTBV18 Ha pycKo-sapmt<KaTa apMV1R Ha KV18BCKV1R KHR3 CseTocnas

s 5bnrapV1R- MV1HV1aTfDpa OT BaTV1KaHCKV1R npen111c Ha MaHac111esaTa neTonl!1c
OT XIV B. (Cod. Vat. slav. II, f. 178r).

I
t
35
 CKII1Fl npeso~ Ha MaHaCII18BaTa neTOnii1C (XIV B.) 111 KbM npeBO~HII1Fl T8KCT
3a 111Mneparop Bac111n111V! I MaKe~oHew (867-886) crapo6bnrapcK111RT KHII1 -
IKOBHII1K e ~o6as111n cne~HII1Fl reKcr ,np111 T03111 wap Bac111n111V! ce noKpb-
CTII1xa pyc111re". 34
npe3 943 I. KII18BCKII1RT KHFl3 Oner Cb6pan IOnRMa BOVJCKa OT sapR-
1111, pyc111 , nonRHII1 , cnOBFlHI!l, Kp111BI!1Y1!1, Tl!lBepl...\111 111 neYeHell!l C HaMepeHl!le
~a l!13BbpW111 noxo~ no Mope 111 no cywa cpeuw 81!13aHTII1Fl (Ha rpeKI!l B
no~bRXb 111 Ha KOHl!lXb). XepcoHWI!lTe 1!13Becrl!lnl!1 3a npe~cTORLL\l!lR noxo~
Bl!13aHTI!1VJCKl!lR 111Mneparop 111 roV! ycnRn Aa ro ocyer111 Ype3 Aapose or
3naro, cpe6po 111 nnarose . .Qocrl!lrHanl!lRT AO .QyHasa pycKo-sapR!t<KI!l KHR3
o6aYe nosen111n Ha neYeHerl!lTe Aa HanaAHaT 6bnrapcKaTa 3eMR .35 Tosa
Cb61!1Tl!le HaMI!lpa OTpa!t<eHI!18 111 B 8Al!1H paHeH CTapo6bnrapCKI!1 HaAnl!lC OT
943 r., HaMepeH s .Qo6pyA>t<a. 36 Mo1t<e c ocHosaHI!1e Aa ce CMRTa, ye npe3
sropara nonosi!1Ha Ha IX - nbpsara nonosi!1Ha Ha X s. ce Ha6m-oAasar
nbp81!1Te npeKI!1 1!1 KOCB8HI!1 KOHTaKTI!1 Ha 6bnrapcKaTa Abp!t<aBa C BapR11!1-
Te, rexHI!1Te KHR3e 1!1 APY>KI!1H1!1Te 111M.
8 noxo.QI!1Te Ha Kl!1eBCKI!1R KHR3 Cserocnas cpeLL\y 6bnrapcKoro
wapcrso 1!1 81!13aHTI!1Li1cKara 1!1Mnep1!1R npe3 968-971 r. yyacrsanl!1 sapR>K-
KI!1 APY>Kli1H1!1, HaYeno c B08BO,QI!1T8 CseHenA 1!1 IIIKMOp. nbp81!1RT OT TRX
BCbLL\HOCT 61!1n Tp8TI!1RT no paHr cneA KHR3a 1!1 npeABO>KAan OCTaTbl...\1!1T8
or KHR>KecKara apM1!1R np1!1 3aBpbLL\aHero Ill or 6bnrap1!1R B Kl!1eB, a APY-
ri!1RT (rolll 61!1n srop1!1 no paHr) npe3 971 r. 3ari!1Han s 61!1TKa cpeLL\Y Bl!13aH-
T1!1li1W111Te KpaLI1 .QpbCTbp (.QH. rp. Cl!1n1!1crpa). ·37 IIIMeHHO rorasa 6bnrap1!1Te
1!1Manl!1 Bb3MO>KHOCT Aa ono3HaRT 111 Karo sparose, 1!1 Karo Cbi-03HI!1L\1!1 sa-
pR>KKI!1Te Bl!1TR3111, HapeYeHI!1 OT TRX ,pyCII1Te 6pa,QI!1 ". noA np8ABO~I!1Ten­
CTBOTO Ha CseHen,q, 6bnrap1!1, sapRrlll 111 pyc111 3aLL\I!1LL\aBanl!1 cronl!lwara
Benl!lKl!l npecnaB OT np1!1CTbni!1Te Ha Bl!13aHT111Li1W1!1Te. Pa3Ka3bT Clll 3a na-
AaHeTO Ha 6bnrapcKaTa cronl!lwa npe3 nponerra Ha 971 r. Bl!13aHTI!1Li1CKI!1-
RT 1!1CTOp111K nbs .QRKOH, OYeBI!1Aew Ha Cb61!1TI!18TO, 3aBbpWBa c AYMI!1Te: ,8
ra31!1 6111rKa na,o,Hanl!1 1!13BbHpe,qHo MHoro Ml!131!1 [6bnrap1!1] . Te ce 6111en1!1
3ae~HO CbC CKI!1TI!1Te (pyCI!1T8 111 BapR11!1Te), 1!13nbnHeHI!1 C IHRB KbM pOMe-
l!lTe (B1!13aHTII1Li1L\111T8], KOI!1TO CTaHanl!l np1!1YI!1Ha 3a HaWeCTBI!18TO Ha CKI!1TI!1-
Te s 3eMRTa 111M. CseHen,q ce cnacl!1n c 6Rrcrso 3aeAHO c Manwi!1Ha APY-
1111 .. .".38 lllHrepeceH e ¢aKTbT, Ye Cserocnasosl!lre BOI!1Hl!l, MaKap 111 e31!1Y-
Hl!ll...\111 , Ll..\aAenl!l 6b~nrapCKI!1T8 L\bpKBl!l, a Bl!13aHTII1Li1L\111T8, cpeA KOI!1TO ce OT-
ni!1YI!ln Marl!lCTbp l!loaH KypKya, pa30p1!1nl!l MHoro xpaMose s III3TOYHa 6bn-
rap1!1R 111 pa3rpa6111n111 HaMepeHI!lTe B TRX l..lbpKOBHa yrsap 111 OA8>KAI!1 .39
BapRro-pycKl!l APY>KI!lHI!l B3eManl!l yyacr111e Karo HaeMHl!ll..llll B noxo-
A111Te Ha Bl!13aHTI!1VJCKI!1R 1!1Mneparop Bacl!lnl!lV! II 6bnrapoy61!1el...\ cpeLL\y 6bn-
rapcKoro wapcrso. npe3 1016 r. Bl!13aHTII1V!W1!1Te npes3en111 peAI!ll...\a Kpe-
nocrl!l B 51!1TOnCKOTO none 111 3arpa6l!ln1!1 MHOIO A061!1TbK 1!1 nneHHl!ll...\111 . l!lMne-
paropbT pa3Aenl!ln nneHHI!ll...\l!lTe Ha Tpl!l YaCTl!l . E,o,HaTa Aan Ha CBOI!lTe Cb-
I-03HI!1L\l!l pyc111Te (lt g r:D~ ). 40
BapRrl!lTe oco6eHO YeCTO npennvnanl!l CBORTa CbA6a CbC Cb61!1TI!1R 111
ni!1YHOCTI!1 OT 6bnrapcKaTa l!lCTOpl!lR, OC06eHO no speMe Ha Bl!13aHTI!l!IJCKOTO

36
r---- --~ --- --------------------------
1

06p. 3. rope: BoillCKaTa Ha KVI8BCKV!Fl KHFl3 Cserocnas onycrowasa 6bnrapCKVIT8

38M VI- MVIHV!aTI-Opa or BaTV!KaHCKVIR npenlllc Ha MaHacV!esara neronlllc or XIV
B. (Cod . Vat. slav. II, f. 178v) .
.Qony: Blll3aHrlllillcKVIRT V!Mneparop !l!oaH Ll,VIMVICXVI B noxo,o, cpew,y Kpenocna
.QpbCTbp (,o,H . rp . CVlnVlcTpa) npe3 971 r.

37
 snap,V1Yecrso (XI - XII s.), KaKro B cronV1wara KoHcraHTII1Honon, raKa V1 B
pep,V1L(a ,o,pyrV1 rpa,o,ose vl o6nacrV1 Ha 5anKaHcKV1R nonyocrpos. Tbi/1 Karo
V13YepnarenHOTO npocnep,RB8H8 Ha 38CBV1,0,8T8nCTB8HV1T8 B V13BOpV1T8 cpaK-
TV1 He e Bb3MO>KHO, ~e ce OrpaHV1Ya C HRKOl!l V1HT8p8CHV1 npV1M8pV1 .
npe3 1024 r. sapR>KKV1RT so>K,o, XpV130XV1p (3narHara pbKa) cb6pan
p,py>KV1Ha OT 800 BOl!lHV1, H8TOB3pV1n rV1 Ha KOpa6VI VI ce ynbTVIn KbM KoH-
CTaHTVIHOnon , 33 p,a CT8H8 H88MHVIK. Tbi/1 K8TO He C8 nO,[\YVIHl!ln Ha l!lMne-
paropcKaTa 3anosep,, roi/1 npl!l A6VI,o,oc snR3bn s cpa>KeHVIe c soillcKaTa
Ha T8MOWHVIR crparer VI CTVIrHan P,O neMHOC. TaM 6VIn nocpe~HaT OT
cpnorara, KOMaHp,BaHa or crparera Ha CaMoc 6bnrapV1Ha ,D.aBVIA Oxpl!lp,-
CKI!l VI conyHcKI!lR p,yK H111K111¢op Bacl!lnaKI!l. 81!13aHT1!1LilcKaTa MopcKa soLil-
cKa 11136111na BCI!lYKI!l sapRrl!1 .41
BmKHa 111 pewvnenHa 6111na ponRTa Ha sapR>KKara APY>KIIlHa HaYe-
no c Xapanp, Xapp!JaAI!l np111 pa3rpoMa Ha 6bnrapcKoro BbCTaHI!le or 1042-
1043 r., HaYeno c nerbp ,D.enRH. T03111 lllHTepeceH enii130A OT 6bnrapo-
sapR>KKI!1Te OTHOW8HII1R Ll.l8 6b,Qe pa3rne,QaH OT,D,enHO nopa,0,111 WlllpOKOTO
MY orpa3RBaHe s Hae1-pa3ni!1YHII1 1113BOp1!1.
npe3 1043 r. sapRro-pycKa APY>KIIlHa, no A npe,QBOA111Tencrsoro Ha
KHR3 Bna,D,I!1M111p Hosropo,D,CKI!l 111 soeso,o,ara B111wara, ce ornpas111na Ha
MOpCKI!l nOXOA KbM KoHCTaHTI!lHOnon . np111 BXO,D,a Ha 6oc¢opa TR npeTbp-
nRna nopa>KeHI!le. Pa36111rara wecrxlllnR,D,Ha APY>KIIlHa ce Bpbll.lana noK-
paLil 6bnrapCK111R 6pRr Ha LJepHO MOpe no MOpe Ill cywa. noseYeTO OT TRX
Bbpsenl!l newa. Cpell.IY TRX c soC1cKara c111 1113nR3bn secTbT KaraKanoH
KeKaBMeH, ynpas111ren Ha KpaC1,D,yHaBCKI!1Te rpa,D,oBe. Kpae1 BapHa roe1 He
caMo pa3rpoMI!ln APY>KIIlHara, 11136111n MH03111Ha or HeR 111 3anos111n 800 nneH-
HIIll.\111, KOI!lTO, OKOBaHI!l, 1113npaTI!ln B KOHCTaHTI!lHOnon .42
npe3 1069 r. Bl!13aHTI!1C1CKII1RT 111Mneparop PoMaH IV ,[\llloreH 61!1n np111-
HYA8H ,o,a ce onbnYI!l cpell.ly HacrbnBall.ll!lTe s C111p111R 111 Mana A3111R cen-
)J)KYKCKI!l TYPL\111 c e,D,Ha soC1cKa, KORTO npe,o,crasnRsana c6111pll.I111Ha or Ma-
Ke,QOHL\111 , 6bnrap111, Kana,D,OKII1L71L\111, y3111, ¢paHK111, sapRrl!l 111 APYrlll Hapo,QI!1. 43
nplll norywasaHe Ha BbCTaHI!lero Ha 6bnrap111Te B MaKe,D,OHI!lR no,Q
npe,QBO,D,I!lTencTBOTO Ha reoprlll Boe1rex npe3 1072-1 073 r. Bll13aHTI!1C1CKII1-
RT 1!1Mneparop ce onpRn He caMo Ha co6crseHI!1 cl!lnlll, HO 111 Ha HaeMHI!ll.\111,
cpe,Q KOI!lTO, 1113rne>K,D,a, Ca 6111nV1 V1 BapRrlllTe. npo,D,bn>KI!lTenRT Ha t/loaH
CKVInVIL(a (XI B.) Me>K.QY ,Qpyroro or6enR3Ba e,o,111H l!lHTepeceH ¢aKT, pa3-
KpV1Ba~ pa3opeHII1eTO Ha wap CaMyVInosara pe31!1,D,eHL(II1R npecna OT Bll1 -
3aHT111Li1CKI!1Te H38MH111L\111: ,AneMaHI!lTe, nbK 111 cppaHKII1T8 - Te ca 3ana,QHII1
Hap0,[\111, nycHaTI!l 1113 crpaHaTa, YHIIlll.IO>KIIlnlll OCTaHanl!lTe B npecna 6bn-
rapCKVI ,[\BOpL\111 Ill orpa6VInl!1 MeCTHVIR xpaM Ha lllMeTO Ha CB. Ax111n, KaTO He
no~a,QIIlnlll HlllKOR OT CB8TVIHVIT8 My. HRKOVI OT TRX 6lllnVI OTHOBO cnaC8HVI,
HO ,D,pyrVIre soLilcKaTa c111 pa3,o,enVIna 111 r111 np111cnoco6V1na 3a co6crseHo
ynorpe6neHI!le". 44 Vnorpe6eHVITe s cnyYaR eTHI!lYeCKI!l noHRTI!lR Ill MaT TBbp-
,o,e o6~ xapaKrep l!1 noHRKora BKmoYsar s ce6e CVI 111 sapRrl!lTe .
8 KpaR Ha OKTOMBplll 1077 r. ynpaBI!1T8nRT Ha ,QpaYKaTa o6nacT
,o,yK 111 npoep,bp H111K111¢op Bp111eHV1LI1 B,QVIrHan 6yHr, caMonpoBb3rnacl!ln

38
I ~- - ---- --- - --

I 1

. ;

06p. 4. rope: Bll13aHTV1LilCKV1RT lllMnepaTop tlloaH UlllMI!lCXI!l c BOLilCKaTa Clll npeB38Ma

6bnrapcKaTa CTOnlllu,a BenlllKI!l npecnaB- MlllHlllaTI-Opa OT BaTlllKaHCKI!lR npenlllC
Ha MaHacllleBaTa neTon111c oT XIV B. (Cod . Vat. slav. II, f. 183r).
,Oony: 8ll13aHTIIlii1CKV1RT li1Mnepmop Bacl!lnlllLilll c BOLilCKaTa Clll npeB38Ma nnlllCKa.

39
 ce 3a lt1Mneparop V1 norernvm c aolllcKara CV1 KbM A;J.pVlaHonon (JJ.H .
0;J.pV1H) Kb;J.eTo ce yKpenVln . Pa3Hopo.QHara MY apMV1R BKn!DYBana 6bn-
I

rapCKVI BOV1HV1 OT ~paYKaTa o6naCT a Cbl.l.\0 TaKa V1 ,ronRMO MHO/K8C-

1

TBO sapRrlll V1 cppaHKVl". 45 no.QV1p rO.QV1Ha 6yHTbT 6V1Jl noTyWeH OT Li8H-

rpanHaTa snacr.
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pbKaa Ha ~yHaacKaTa p,enral ce nocenvmlt1 aHrno-aapArVl , 6l!IBWlll Blll-
3aHTllllilcKlll HaeMHllll..\lll. B 8P,liiH Heorp,aBHa ny6nii1KyBaH naTV!HCKVf nat/1-
p,eHCKVI pbKOnVIC ce Vf3B8CTF!Ba, Y8 T8 np8MII1Hanll1 npe3 LJepHO MOpe 111
ce nocen111nV1 s yKa3aHara o6nacr: ,npoYee, Karo 11136111xa raM BC111YKII1
e3W-IH111Li111, re 3anoYHaxa p,a HacenRsar npos111HLi111ATa, npesb3XO/Kp,a-
~a scii1YKII1 111MnepcKII1 nposii1HL.ill1111 no scAKaKbB s111p, nnop,opop,111e . Te
npeMaxHaxa craporo V!Me Ha ra3111 38MFl 111 A HapeKoxa AHrnii1A 3a cno-
MeH Ha 38MF!Ta, OT KOFITO BOP,8Xa nOT8KJlOTO Cll1. AHrnii1T8 HapeKOXa
raKa rpap,osere c 111MeHara (Ha cso111re rpap,ose). A raA o6nacr e MHO-
ro 6orara Ha nac6Vfl.L\a, raM VIMa 3p,pasocnosHII1 VI3BOp111, peKII1 c p1116a,
npV1ATHVI n111sap,V1, nnop,opop,HII1 HVIB111, npii1ATHII1 Ha sKye nnop,ose. Ta3VI
Hosa AHrnVIA orcrolll or KoHcTaHTII1Honon Ha 6 p,eHa Kopa6onnasaHe
KbM cesep s HaYanoro Ha CKVITCKara 38MR". 46 Tsbpp,e sepoATHO e cpep,
T83111 HOBII1 nocenHII1L\111 B 6bnrapCKII1T8 38MII1 p,a 8 VIMaJlO VI HAKOII1 CKaH-
,D,II1HaBL_\111. Vl3rne/Kga, ye HAKOII1 sapArVI ca ce nocen111nV1 npe3 XI -XII s.
B ~OnHVIA ~yHaB 3a8.QHO C pyCII1T8 47 , HO 3a TOBa n111ncsaT B 1113BOp111T8
npeKII1 ,o,oKa3arencrsa.
npe3 1123 r. Haxnynii1T8 B TpaKII1Fl neYeHerVI 6111nll1 pa3rpOM8HII1 B
6111rKa Kpai/1 6epoe (.QH. rp. Crapa 3aropa) or Bll13aHTII1il1cKara soil1cKa,
HaYeno Ha KOFlTO 6111n VIMneparop tlloaH II KoMHII1H. Cnope.Q Blll3aHTII1111-
cKVIA 111CTOp111K t/1oaH K111HaM (XII B.) pewaBal.L\a B 6111TKaTa 6vma HaMeCa-
Ta Ha 111MneparopcKara rsapp,II1A- ,ceK111poHOCL!II1Te", KOVITO cnope.Q Hero
6111n111 or ,6p111raHcKa Hapo,o,Hocr". 48 8 ep,Ha or car111re 3a XaKoH Morb-
LL\111A vtcnaH,D,CKV1FlT 111CTOpV1K CHoplll CrypnycoH npe,QcrasA Hel.L\aTa CbB-
ceM ,QpyroAYe. Koraro s crpaHara Ha rbpl!liiTe ,KoHyHr 6111n KV!p111anaKc",
roi/1 rpbrHan Ha noxo,o, cpel.L\y 6noKyMaHanaH,Q [r.e. KyMaHliiA], Koraro
,D,OCTV!rHan neTL!VIH(:lBbOnyM (T.e. ,noneTO Ha neY8H81111Te" 111Jlll1 , neY8H8/K-
KII1Fl craH") rot/1 6111n nocpel.L\HaT c Heno6e,o,l!1Ma apM111Fl, or 83VIY8CKII1Fl
I

L\3p, KOii1TO 611111 CnAn. nbpBOHaYanHO 83W-IH111L!II1T8 no68,QV!nll1 B 6VITKaTa.

no,o,Vlp rosa rpbl\KII1AT KoHyHr o6pa3ysan sotllcKa or cppaHKII1 VI cpnaMaH-
,D,L\111, KORTO Cbl.L\O 6111na pa36111ra. CbseTHII1L\111Te MY Ka3anlt1 ,,o,a 1113nparlll
sapR1111T8 - T83111 CBOV1 no6e,D,OHOCHVI BOliiHVl". BapA/KKaTa ,o,py/Kl!IHa, Ha-
Lf8Jl0 c TypV1p Xencli!Hr, Ha6poRsana 450 ,o,yw111. B cpasHeHVfe c MHoro-
YII1cneHara neYeHe/KKa sotllcKa re 6111n111 ,wena xopa"- ,wecr,o,ecer e3111Y-
Hlt1Ka croen111 cpel.L\y e,o,111H xp111CTVIRHV1H" . 8bnpeKII1 rosa sapRr111re pa36111 -
nlll 83V1YH111Lil11Te, nneHII1Jllt1 rexHVlR cnAn l_\ap 111 ro nosenlt1 CbC ce6e c111.
no6e,o,ara 6V1na y,o,bp/KaHa 6naro,o,apeHV18 Ha Onacp CseTVl VI npep,V! 6111T-
KaTa sapRrVlre ,o,anlll o6er ,o,a MY V13,QlllrHaT L\bpKsa s MV!Knarap,q (KoH-
craHTV1Honon). 49 B HayYHV1Te V13cne,QsaHV1Fl Bbpxy ra3V1 cara !II V1,0,8HTII1-

40
 ¢l!1Kal...\l!lRTa Ha 0Tpa38HOTO 8 H8R Cb6l!1Tl!18 CbLL\8CTByBa pa3HOp8Yl!18.
roneMl!lRT pycKVl BV13aHronor B. r. Bacl!lnescKl!lt1 CMRTa, Ye ryK ce cno-
MeHasa 6VlTKaTa Cp8LL\Y KyMaHl!lT8 npl!l nesyHl!lOH OT 1091 r. l!1 H8rOBOTO
°
craHOBl!lll...\8 ce npl!leMa or pe,D,l!ll...\a tl13cnep,saLJl!1. 5 K. Cl!lrap ro orHaCR
KbM 1094 - 1095 r. l!1 ro CBbp3Ba C H8CbLL\8CTByBaLL\O KyMaHCKO-BJlaW-
KO HaWeCTBV18. 51 8Cbll...\HOCT OL.l.\8 np83 1937 r. P. .QoyKl!lHC npaBtllJlHO
CBbp3Ba carara C 6VlTKaTa Kpat1 5epoe, KORTO TOt1 HenpaBl!lJlHO p,aTl!lpa
npe3 1121 rop,V1Ha .52 Tosa craHOBl!lL.l.\8 Hal1-,o,o6pe ce cbrnacysa c Bl!l-
3aHTl!lt1CKvtTe CB8)J,8HV1R Itt peanvtti1T8 B HOpB8>KKO-V1CJlaHP,CKaTa cara. 3a-
TOBa C HanpaBeHaTa XpOHOJ10rLIILJ8CKa KOp8K~V1R TO ce Bb3np1118Ma B
Ta3vt CTYR~R.

2. Y'-laCT~eTo Ha XapanA XaPAPaA~ 111 HerosaTa sapR>KKa

APY>KIIIHa npe3 1041 r. B noTywasaHeTo Ha BbCTaHIIIeTo Ha
6bnrap~Te nOA npeABOAIIITeflCTBOTO Ha neTbp .QenRH
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rap111 111 sapRrvt noYTI!l Bl!lHarl!l s gocerawHIIITe 1!13cne,QsaHIIIR ce OT,QenR
cne~vtaJlHO BHvtMaHI!18. HeMy ca nOCB8T8HI!1 H8MaJ1KO CTpaHIII~III B 06LL\1!1
vt3nO>K8HV1R BbpXy 6bnrapcKaTa V1 Bl!13aHT1!1VlCKaTa l!lCTOpiiiR, a Cbl.l.\0 TaKa
vt oT,QenHI!l pa6oTI!1 .53 Xpa6p1!1RT sapR>KKIII npe,QBO,QIIITen Ha Blll3aHT1!1VIcKa
cny>+<6a OT 1034 P,O 1042 r., HOpB8>KKI!1RT KOHyHr (1 047- 1 066) - OCHOBa-
T8Jl Ha Ocno, xpa6peL4bT, 3ar1!1Han Ha 50-rop,l!lWHa Bb3pacT B 61!1TKaTa np111
CraMcpopp, 6pV1p,>K Ha 25 cenTeMspl!l 1066 r. s xo,o,a Ha 3asna,o,AsaHeTG Ha
AHrill!lR, CbC CBOI!1T8 ,0,8RHI!1R Bl!lHarlll 8 npl!lBJliiiLJan snaCTHO BHI!1MaHIII8TO
Ha cpep,HOB8KOBHI!1T8 CKanp,ose Ill IIICTOpl!l~l!l OT XI B. YaK pp HaWI!l )J,HI!1 54 Ill
Ha cbspeMeHHl!l Mep,llleBV1CTI!1. 55 BnnV1TaHero Ha l!lMBTO MY s IIICTOpiiiRTa Ha
cpep,HoBeKOBHa 5bnrap1!1R crasa Torasa, Koraro roLl! e 6111n 25-rop,IIIWeH
Mnap, Bti1TR3 .
8bCTaHV18TO Ha 6bnrap1!1T8 nop, BO)J,I!1T8nCTBOTO Ha neTbp ,[\8IlRH 8
Wl!lpOKO 0Tpa38HO OT CbBp8M8HHI!1T8 My Bl!13aHTV1VlCKV1 aBTOplll (liloaH
CKV1J1V1~a, M1!1Xal!ln ncen Ill KeKaBM8H). 56 To 11136yxHano npe3 nponeTTa
Ha 1040 r. Or nbpBoHaYanHI!lR Cl!l ~eHTbp, Kbp,ero npep,soglllrenRT MY
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vt3TOK. BbcTaHl!lLJecKara soV!cKa npe3 HV1w 111 CKon111e (rorasa rnaseH
rpap, Ha reMa 5bnrapV1R) ce HacOYl!lna KbM ConyH cpell.\y HaMI!lpaLL\V1R
ce TaM BV13aHTV1L1CKV1 V1Mneparop MV1XaV1n IV nacpnaroH, KOVlTO, 1!13nna-
W8H, 1!130CTaBV1Jl ,l48nLIIR Clt1 0603, WaTpaTa Cl!l lt1 KOJlKOTO lt1Man 3JlaTO,
cpe6po V1 TbKaHI!l " l!1 ce ornpas111n KbM KoHcTaHTI!lHonon. CraHan rocno-
p,ap Ha nono>KeHtlleTo, t4ap nerbp .QenRH pa3w111p111n o6cera Ha cso111Te
)J,8VlCTBti1R B pa3Jll!1LJH!t1 nOCOKI!l: 8,[\Ha BOVlCKa nop, npep,BO)J,I!1T8JlCTBOTO
Ha KasxaHa ce ynbTI!lna Ha 3anap, V1 npes3ena .Opay; ,o,pyra, HaLJeno c
nbnKosop,el...\a AHTV1M, 6111na 1!13npareHa KbM Enap,a V1 npV1 T111sa pa3rpo-
MV1na nporl!lsonocrasl!lnara Ill ce BV13aHTti1VlCKa apMV1R; rpera soV!cKa HaB-
nR3na B Tecami1R V1 osna,o,Rna ,QV1M111Tpa,o,a. KbM BbCTaHI!lero ce npl!1Cbe-
P.II1Htl1na V1 Hl!lKononcKara reMa, KORTO o6xsall...\ana Ent11p, Ho 6e3 Has-

41
f
naKT. 5bnrapCKOTO H3C8n8Hlr18 OT IDI03ana,D,Hlr1T8 Kp3V1Ll..(3 Ha 5anKaH -
CKlr1Fl nonyocTp OB , OTXBbpnVlnO poMet!JCKOTO Bn3,QV1Y8CTBO V1 C8 BbpHa-
no KbM CTapV1Fl CVl H3YV1H Ha ynpasn8HV18" .57

06p. 5. 5bnrapV1T8 npOBb31naCRBaT neTbp .QenRH 3a L\ap B5enrpB.A- MV1HIIlaTIOpa

oT Ma,qpV1,QCKV1R npen111c Ha xpOHV1KaTa Ha lfloaH CKV1nV1L\a oT XII B. (Cod. Matrit.
vitr., f. 215r).

Uap neTbp ,Qen.RH c OCHOBHaTa Y3CT OT BOtllCKaTa Clt1 ce ycraHO-

Bllln Ha CTaH Kpat/1 KpenOCTTa 0cTpOBO (6nlt130 ,[\0 ,D,H. rp. cDnoplllHa - rbp-
L\111Fl) Kpatll OcTposcKoTo e3epo, OTKb,D,eTo pbKoso,o,en soeHHlllTe ,o,etllcTBII1.R .
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Bllln cbc cb6paHaTa or Hero sotllcKa s MoclllHonon (cera pa3sanli1Hlll s
6nli130CT ,0,0 rp. KoMOTlllHlll- rbpl..\lr1Fl) . 8[113aHT111tllCKli1Te asrop111 lt13L\.Rno np111-
nli1CBaT 3acnyrli1Te 3a ycneWH!IlTe ,o,eti!CTB!Il.R cpelJ-\y 6bnrapCK!I1T8 BbCTa-
Hllll..\lr1 H8MY KaTO 6neCT.RL.l..l nbnKOBO,D,el..\. Vl3nycKaT ce ,0,83 lllHTepeCH!Il cpaK-
Ta : ltlMnepaTOpbT rorasa 6llln ronKosa 6oneH (or en111nencv1.R !llnlll sop,H.RH-
Ka) , ye 111 Hatll-ManKoTo ,D,B!I1JKeHit1e MY np!11Yli1HRBano cTpap,aH!Ile 111 Tpyp,Ho

42
noHacRn AOPlll npexvne Ha rbp6a Cl!l. 58 l!13MbYBaH oT 6onecTTa, To til see-
LlAno ce nosepRsan Ha ,MoHaxa Ko3Ma U111HL\y6yK, KOVITO nocroRHHO 6111n
c Hero 111 MY nasan Heo6xo,Q111Ml!1Te CbB8T111 ".59

06p. 6. L(ap neTbp ,[lenRH s narepa CV1 Kpalil Kpenocna Ocrposo nocpell\a
Anycli1RH- MV1HV1aTfOpa OT Ma,o,pV1,D,CKV1R npenl!lc Ha xpoHV1Kara Ha tlloaH CKV1nV1u,a
OT XII B. (Cod. MatriL vitr., f_ 217r).

06paTbT B XO,Qa Ha B08HH111T8 ,Q8VICTBLIJR Cp8U.\Y BbCT3Hl!1L\LIIT8 B rnas-

Ha creneH ce ,QbH>Kan Ha npe,qarencrsoro Ha 6bnrapl!1Ha AnycLIIRH, CLIIH
Ha 6LIJBWLIIR wap VlsaH Bna,Ql!lCnas (1 Oi 5- 1 018)' KOIIITO 6l!1n Ha Bl!133HTl!111!-
CKa cny>K6a l!1 nbpBOHaLJanHO ce npl!1Cb8,Ql!1Hl!1n KbM BbCTaHanl!1T8 CLIJ CbO-

06p . 7. Anyc111RH ocnenRsa L\ap neTbp ,OenRH no speMe Ha nlilp s OcTposo-

MV1Hit1aTfOpa oT Ma,o,p1t1.QCKit1R npenl!lc Ha xpoHV1Kara Ha tlloaH CKV1nV1u,a oT XII B.
(Cod. Matrit. vitr., f. 217r) .

43
 TeLJeCTB8Hl!IWlll. KoraTO p,a,QeHaTa MY OT nerbp ,D,enRH 40-XlllnR,[\Ha solllcKa ;.r
nperbpnRna nopa>+<eHllle npe,Q creHl!ITe Ha ConyH , no,Ql!lp rosa, no speMe
Ha e,Ql!IH nl!lp s Ocrposo rolll ocnenl!ln wapR l!l nocne ,lii36Rran npl!l l!IMne-
paropa B MOCl!IHOnon", Kb,0,8TO 3apa,Ql!l l!I3BbpW8HOTO OT Hero npe,QaTen-
CKO noKyweHllle nonyLJllln Tl!ITnara ,Marl!ICTbp". 60
,D,pyrara nl!ILJHOCT, KORTO s Oll\8 no-ronRMa creneH noMarana 3a
ycneXl!ITe Ha 6onHaBl!IR saclllnesc cpell\y 6bnrapl!ITe , 6llln sapR>t<Kl!IRT BO>+<A
Xapan,Q Xap,Qpap,vl. E,Ql!IHCTB8Hl!IRT Bl!l3aHTl!ltl1cKl!l asrop , Koll1ro pa3Kpl!ln
HerOBl!IT8 3acnyrl!l, 8 yLJaCTHl!IKbT B Cbll\l!IT8 Cb6l!ITl!IR - Bli133HTl!ltf1CKl!IRT
nbnKOB0,[\81...\ KeKaBMeH: ,Cne,Q rosa l!l36yxHa 6yHTbT Ha .O,enRH s 6bnra-
pl!IR. Xapan,o, (AQaA:rTJs) yLJacrsa s noxo,qa 3ae,qHo c sac111nesca cbc cso-
RTa soll1cKa 111 s 6op6ara cpell\y sparosere !113Sbpwl!l ,qena, ,qocroli1Hll1 3a
Herosoro 6naropo,qcrso 111 xpa6pocr. Cne,q Karo noKopl!l 6bnrapl!IR, saclll-
nescbT ce sbpHa. BnpoLJeM, 111 a3 rorasa ce cpa>Kasax 3a sac111nesca
cnope,q cl!lnlltre Cl!l. Koraro ,qotl1,qoxMe s Mocl!IHOnon, sacl!lnescbT Harpa,Ql!l
Xapan,q 3arosa, LJe rot/1 yLJacrsawe SbS soti1Hara, Karo ro noLJere c Tl!IT-
nara cnarapoKaH,Ql!I,Qar". 61 BclllLJKl!l ,qocerawHl!l l!l3cne,qsaLJl!l CMRTaT, LJe
Harpa>+<,o,asaHero Ha Xapan,q Xap,qpa,Ql!l or lltMneparopa e craHano no,Ql!lp
ycnewHoro norywasaHe Ha 6bnrapcKOTO SbCTaHl!le. Cnope,q MeH rosa e
craHano npep,l!l lltMneparopbT ,qa ce ornpasl!l KbM ConyH, OTKb,QeTo 3a-
noLJHan nOXO,QbT 3a CnOMRSaH8TO Ha 6bnrapCKOTO SbCTaHl!l8, no Bp8M8
Ha Koll1ro pewasall\O e 6111no yLJacrlllero Ha Xapan,q Xap,qpa,Ql!l V1 Herosara
APY>Kl!IHa . .O,ororasa sapRrl!ITe V1 rexHl!IRT npe,qsop,l!lren l!I3Sbpwl!lnllt pe,Ql!l-
1...\a no,QSl!l3l!l, KOlllTO npe,o,onpe,qenl!lnlll l!IMneparopcKara HarpaAa.
Ha nbpso MRCTO Xapan,qosara APY>KlllHa ycmma npe3 nponerra
Ha 1 041 r. ,qa y,qbp>Kl!l pe,Ql!ll...\a no6e,Ql!l Ha,Q 6bnrapcKl!ITe orpe,Ql!l, ,qet/1-
crsalllKlll OTKbM ATlllHa , Karo Sb3SbpHana sbs Sl!l3aHTl!lti1CKll1 pbl...\8 oKynl!l-
paHl!ITe or 6bnrapvne rpa,qose 111 Kpenocrllt s Ena,qa, Tecanl!IR 111 Enl!lp.
PyHCKl!IRT Hap,nlltc sbpxy nl!lpell1cKl!IR nbs (cera rot/1 ce HaMl!lpa sbs BeHe-
Wl!IR, a npe,Ql!l e 6111n s ATl!IHCKoro npl!lcTaHl!lll\e n111peR) , cbcraseH or sa-
pRr or Ynnas,q (Wsel...\lltR), l!l3secrRsa 3a nbpBOHaLJanHl!ITe Xapan,qosl!l yc-
nexl!l cpell\y 6bnrapcKl!ITe BbCTaHl!ll...\l!l: ,XaKoH 3ae,QHO c Yn¢, ACMYHA 111
VlopH 3asotDsaxa rosa nplltcTaHlltll\8. Tl!IR ntD,qe 111 Xapan,q Bl!ICOKllt Hano-
>Kl!IXa Bbpxy >t<l!lren~~tre Ha crpaHara 3HaLJl!ITenHl!l ,qaHbl.\l!l 3apa,Ql!l 6yHra
Ha rpbl.\Kl!IR Hapo,q . .O,anK 6e npl!IHy,QeH ,qa ocraHe s or,qaneLJeHl!l crpaHl!l.
I
¥
r,.
Er111n OTllt,Qe Ha noxo,q 3ae,qHo c Acretl1p, Topnet/1¢, Top,q 111 1!1sap no 3ano- 1

se,q Ha Xapan,o, Bl!ICOKlll, 6e3 ,qa rne,qa 3a6paHara Ha rbpL\l!ITe". 62 Pewa-

Ball\ ce oKa3an ycnexbT, KOLI!To Xapan,qosara APY>Kl!IHa YAbp>Kana s 6l!IT-
Kara noA cTeHlllTe Ha ConyH. CnopeA VloaH CKl!lnl!lwa, 3aep,Ho CbC conyH-
LJaHl!ITe 111 HaMlllpall\aTa ce s rpa,qa soll1cKa 6111n 111 ,orpR,QbT Ha renoxpaHl!l-
renl!ITe " (-ro -r6.ypa -rwu p E yu.{h) ~twuu) Ha l!IMneparopa 63 , s CbCTasa Ha KoLII -
To 6111na Xapan,qosara ,qpy>t<lllHa. E,qsa no,q111p no6e,qara Ha,Q 6bnrapl!ITe B
6l!ITKara Kpall1 ConyH 111 cne,q KaTo Y3Han 3a ocnenRBaHero Ha 1...\ap nerbp
,D,enRH, l!IMneparop MliiXallln IV na¢naroH Bb3Harpa,Ql!ln l!l noLJen CbOTBeT-
HO c Tl!ITnl!lTe ,Marl!lcTbp" l!l ,cnarapoKaH,Ql!lp,ar" Anycl!IRH 111 Xapan,q Xap,qpap,lll

44
 B Mocii1Honon. VlMeHHO OTTYK sep,Ho c Lv=mara c111 soii!cKa 111 sapR>KKaTa
,qpy>K111Ha 111MneparopbT nbpso ,OTIIIWbn B ConyH . 0TTaM HaBnR3bn B 5bn-
rap111R , 3anos111n ,QenRH 111 ro 1113npar111n B ConyH, a caM OTII1Wbn BbB Bb-
rpewHocrra Ha crpaHara". 64
ClllcTeMaTII13111paHeTo 111 no,qpe>KgaHeTo Ha csegeHII1RTa Ha Bl!l3aH-
TI!I~cKIIITe aBTOplll 3a p,eii!CTBIIIRTa np111 OKOHYaTenHOTO noTyWaBaHe Ha
6bnrapCKOTO BbCTaHI!Ie ,QaBaT Bb3MO>KHOCT p,a ce OT6ene>KaT OCHOBHIIIT8
cpa>K8H111R, B KOIIITO B3ena yYaCTI!Ie Xapan,QOBaTa .QPY>KIIIHa B CbCTaBa Ha
V1MneparopcKaTa apMVIR. Tosa yYaCTVIe 1113pVIYHO He e or6enR3aHo, 3a~o­
TO 3acnyrl!1Te 3a Y.Qbp>KaHVITe no6e.QII1 ce npVInVIcBaT 1113L\Rno Ha Kpaii!Ho
6onHV1R V1 HeMo~eH VIMneparop, KOIIITO, cnope.Q MVIXaVIJl ncen, ycnRn ,Qa
npeBb3MOrHe 6oneCTTa, KORTO HO~eM JleKyBan, a Ha cyTp111HTa CTaBan C
Bb3pO.Q8HVI CVIJlVI, KaYBaJl ce Ha KOHR VI nocne ,CaM KOMaH,QBaJl pe.QVIL\VITe
3a YY.QO Ha BCII1YKVI, KOVITO ro rne,Qanl/1". 65 lt1CTVIHaTa 6VIna CbBC8M .Qpyra VI
TR ce pa3KpV1Ba OT HOpBeJKKO-VICilaH,QCKVITe car111 111 YaCTIItYHO OT CTapo-
6bnrapCKII1Te 1113BeCTII1R. Ho HeKa Haiii-Hanpe.Q npocne.QII1M xo,Qa Ha BO.Qe-
HII1Te 6111TK111, a nO.QIItp TOBa .Qa 8111,[\VIM KaKBO 8 OTpaJK8HVI8TO 111M B CnOM8-
HaTIItT8 V13BOp111.
Cbcpe.QOTOYeHaTa s ConyH BVI3aHTVIII!cKa apMII1R, HaYeno c lllMne-
paTopa 111 Xapan.Q Xap.Qpa.QVI, nbpBOHaYaJlHO HaCOYVIJla CBOR y,Qap KbM
6bnrapCKII1R CTaH Kpall! 0cTpOBO, pa36VIna OCHOBHOTO R,QpO Ha BbCTaHII1-
L(IItT8 VI nneHVIna ocneneHIItR neTbp ,QenRH, KOII!To 6VIn OTBe.QeH B ConyH.
Cne,q rosa 6111na cnoMeHa cbnpoTVIBaTa Ha .QPYJKVIHaTa Ha MaHy111n lt1Bal\
Kpall! np111nen, KORTO Bb3HaMepRBana ,Qa Bb3npe Bll13aHTVI~CKOTO Hanpe.Q-
BaHe BbB BbTpeWHOCTTa Ha 5bnrapVIR: nneHeH 6111n 111 H8IIIH111RT npe.QBO,QII1-
Ten.66 OrryK y.QapbT 6111n HacoYeH KbM Tp111a.Q111L\a (.QH. rp. CocpVIR). nocne.Q-
HOTO orHVI~e Ha cbnpoTVIBaTa 6111na ,3.Qpasara 6bnrapcKa Kpenocr 5oR-
Ha", Kb,IJ,8TO ce HaM111panVI ,npOYYTVI VI BOII!HCTB8HIIt 6bnrap111", npe,QBO>K,Qa-
HII1 or 5oii!Ko (5oTKo). ,Ynosasa~KII1 ce Ha csoRTa xpa6pocr, re 1113ne3nll1
,qa Ce 61t1RT BbH OT KpenOCTTa, CRKaW ce cpaMyBaJllll ,Qa CTORT BbTpe.

06p. 8. MoHeTa c ll13o6pa:>+<eHll1e Ha HopBe:>+<Kli1Fl KOHyHr Xapang Xapgpagll1

(1 047-1 066)- YHli1Bepcl!1TeTCKll1 MOHeTeH Ka6li1HeT, Ocno (HopBerli1Fl).

45
Karo ce 33Bbp3ano cpa.rKeHII1ero 111 3anoYHana o.rKecroYeHa 6op6a, oHe-
3111 npoyyr111 6bnrap111 6111n111 pa36111TII1. A LL\OM no111cKan111 ga Bnrnar npe3
noprara Ha Kpenocrra, c TRX sne3nll1 111 poMeii1Te, npes3en111 rpaga 111 l!13-
BbpW111nll1 ronRMa ceY". 67
He MO/Ke ga l!lMa KaKsoro 111 ,o,a e CbMHeHl!le, Ye Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,111
l!1 HerOB3T3 ,o,py!Kl!1H3 C3 B3enl!l 3KTl!lBHO yYaCTl!le B nOCOYeHl!lTe YeTl!lpl!l
6l!lTKl!l: Ocrposo-np111nen-Tpl!la,D,l!lL\a-5oFJHa. A no,o,Bl!13l!1Te KaKTO s TRX,
TaKa 111 B npe,o,wecrBaLL\l!lTe np111 norywasaHero Ha BbCTaHl!lero Ha nerbp
~enRH MY ,o,oHecnl!l npo3Bl!lLL\eTo ,onycrowl!lren Ha 6bnrapvne". To ce cpe-
LL\a B e,D,HO OCMOCTl!lWIIle Ha li1CnaH,D,CKII1Fl CKan,o, TIIIO,D,Oncp ApHOpCOH, CbYI/1-
HeHO npe3 1065 r.

,Yyx a3, Ye ClllnHaTa 6ypR

KpanR spbxnerRna nplll Xayr,
HO onycroWII1TenRT Ha 6bnrap111Te (Bolgara brennir/
noMorHan Ha 6paT c111 MHoro.
Karo cHen oT rnasaTa c111 wneMa,
Ha neTHa,o,eceT fO,D,IIlHI/1 OT pO!K,D,eHI/1eTO Cl/1
rolil ce pa3,o,en111n
c yMpenlllR Ona¢. " 68

8 ,o,pyro OCMOCTII1W111e CbLL\IIlRT noeT Ha KOHyHra Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,0,111

eHl!lrMaTLIIYHO HaMeKBa 33 ,OCeMHa,D,eCeT CBl!lpenl/1 6111TKLII, BO,D,eHI/1 OT Hero
no speMe Ha cnyJK6ara BbB 8l!I33HTli1R, B e,o,Ha OT KOII1TO o6arp111n HOKTII1Te
Ha ,KacpRBIIlR open":

,Hapo,o,bT 3Hae, Ye Xapan,o,

ce e 6l!ln s oceMHa,o,ecer cs111penl!l 6l!ITKII1.
MlllpbT 6111n Yecro HapywasaH.
33LL\OTO sna,D,eTenRT, no6e,D,H111RT KOHyHr,
o6arp111 OCTpl!!Te HOKTI/1
Ha KacpRBl!lR open C KpbB .
npe,D,I/1 ,o,a ce BbpHe TYK,
BbnKbT cneYenlll npa3H111K, Ha Kolilro 111 ,o,olil,o,e." 69

AKo e HanbnHo RCHO 33LL\O Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,111 e HapeYeH ,onycTo-

Wl!lren Ha 6bnrapl!lre", ro He e HanbnHo RCHO KOI/1 ca Te3111 oceMHa,o,eceT
6111TKII1. BepoRTHo cpe,o, TRX ce 111Mar npe,o,s111,o, 111 so,o,eHl!lTe cpel..L\y 6bnra-
pvne. AKo s CbYl!lHeHl!lero Ha CHop111 CrypnycoH n111ncsa cara, KORTO MO-
!Ke ,o,a 6b,D,8 CBbp3aHa C 6l!lTKa cpel..L\y 6bnrapl!1T8, TO B HRKOI/1 nO-KbCHl!l
c6opHli1L\111 KaTo Morkinskinna (cbcTaseH MeJK,o,y 1220-1240 r.),
Flateyjarbok (oKono 1380 r.) 70 , Fornmanna sogur (XIV- XV s.)l 1 l 1 ,o,p. ce
Cb,Qbp.rKa e,o,Ha cara, KORTO c npaso pe,D,l!ll\a l!13cne,o,saYII1 KaTon. A. MyHK,
B. I. Bacl!1nescKll1111 l 1 ,o,p. 72 csbp3saT CbC cpa!KeHIIle, so.o,eHo oT XapanA
Xap,o,pa,o,V1 cpell\y ocneneHl!1R 6bnrapCKll1 L\3P nerbp ~enRH. OT Tpl!1Te 1!13-

46
 secTHV1 sepcV1V1 Ha ra3V1 cara Hatll -no,qpo6Ha e ra3V1 BbB Fornmanna sogur
1t1 TR s npeso,q mac1t1 cne,qHoro : ,. Cne,qsa Hatll-nbpso )J,a ce pa3Ka:>Ke KaK
ipb~KV1FlT KOHYHI nonyYV1 B8CT, Ye TBbp)J,e IOJlRMa 83111YeCKa BOIIJCKa e
Haxnyna s ~apcrsoro MY 111 c orbH 111 MeY onycrowasa cen111ll.ja 111 Kpenoc-
TV1 HaBCRKb)J,e, Kb)J,eTo MII1He. PeYe rorasa lbpi111p [leopr111 MaHl!laK] Ha
KOHyHra: ,)J,o6pe ll.je e cera, sna)J,eremo, ,Qa 1113non3saMe sapRrl!lTe 111 Hop)J,-
6plt1KT [Xapan,Q Xap,qpa,QL11] , rexHII1R BO:>K)J,. HeKa re ce on111rar cera, 3a-
Ll!OTo OH3111 nbT, KOiaTO BCII1YKIII 6RXMe 3ae,[\HO norernlllnl!l S nOXO,[\, He
na>Kenaxa )J,a Hll1 noMorHaT. A 111 MHoro xopa ryK ocseH rosa no,Q03111par,
Ye 6e3 ,[\a 3Haew, rl!l Cl!l Haen YOS8K OT l_\apCKII1 pO,[\, KaKbBTO e Hop,o,-
6plt1Kr. ,Qbp>K111 ce rbiiJ 10p,0,0, CFJKaW cr0111 Ha)J, BCII1YK111, HO a3 3HaR, Ye
Hlt1Bra He e 6111no o6111Yall1 ,Qa 6b,[\ar HaeMaHII1 no,[\06HII1 mo,[\e". KoHyHrbT
OrBbpHa: ,rosop111 ce Hal!lCTI/IHa, HO He e ,[\OKa3aHO TOIIJ ,[\a e or l_\apCKl!l
po)J,. Bceii13BecrHo e o6a4e, Ye no yM 111 cMenocr ro.tlt Ha,[\MII1Hasa BCIII4KII1
ocraHanl/1, a raKII1Ba xopa ca Hlt1 Hatlt-Heo6xo,[\111MII1 np111 or6paHara Ha crpa-
Hara". Cne,[\ rosa KOHYHibT CB111Ka soefiaYanHII1~111re 111 3anosR,o,a sapRrii1Te
)J,a rpbrHaT cpeuw e31114HII1L\lt1re: ,Baw p,bnr 111 3a,[\bn>KeHII1e e ,o,a 6paHII1re
crpaHara Hll1". Hop,o,6p111KT o6ell.\a ,o,a ce np111rors111 3ae,o,Ho c xopara c111 111
norern111xa, cne,o, Karo Cb3pRxa e3111YecKara sotltcKa 111 sapRrll1re 6Rxa ca-
Mlt1 cpell.\y He.R . E3111YHII1L\111re 111Maxa o6KosaHII1 cbc 3naro KOnll1 (vagna
jarnvarda) - MHOIO Ha 6pot/t lt1 Ha KOnena, C rRX Te ce XSbpn.Rr Cp8LL\Y
cpanaHr111re Ha sparosere c111, a Cbll.\O 111 ,o,pyr111 pa3HII1 6otltH111 MaW111HII1
(vigvelar), onacHII1 3a sapRrll1re . Hop,o,6p111Kr cb6pa xopara c111 Ha cbser 111
peYe: ,Cera 1113ne3e HaAse, Ye lbPL\111Te Hll1 3aSII1:>K,[\aT- Ha Hac, sap.Rrll1re.
Te YeCTO ca Hll1 Cb3,[\asanll1 npeYKl!l, 3a p,a Hll1 XSbpnRr S 6ep,a. 6111 6111n0
npRKO CII1Jll!1Te, KOII1TO 111MaMe, B HII1KaKbS cnyyat/t He MO:>KeM ,[\a ll!l Ha,[\SII1-
eM. ETO 3alLIO npep,naraM nbpSO ,[\a ce 06bpHeM KbM 6ora 111 KbM CSeTII1R
KOHyHr Onacp, MO.R 6par, 111 ,[\a o6ell.jaeM, Ye LL\e 1113,[\111rHeM L\bpKsa s M111K-
narapA (KoHCTaHrii1HOnon), KORTO ll.je OCBerii1M B Herosa Y8CT, aKO TOtlt
cera Hl!l ,qap111 c no6e,o,a Hap, e3111YHl!lL\111Te". Bcii1YKII1 Ha rosa ce cbrnacl!lxa
111 nono>t<111xa c pbKa Knersa, cne,o, Koero c6paxa sotltcKara cpell.ly e3111Y-
H111~lt1Te. E3111YHl!lL\l!1Te 111Maxa MHoro KOHyHrl!l (Heidinjar hofdu marga
konunga) HaYeno Ha SOIIJCKII1T8 Cl!l, HO 8,[\lllH or T83111 KOHYHIIII CTOewe Ha,Q
BCIIlLJKIIl - 6ewe Halll-Mb,D,plllRT, ana cnRn (blindr). Koraro cpanaHrii1Te ce
npV16nlll>t<lllxa e,o,Ha cpellly ,JJ,pyra, e3l!1YHII1L\l!1Te pew111xa ,qa nycHar Konl!lre
c111 cpeuw sapRrii1Te, HO re BCII1YKII1Te TaKa ce 3aKosaxa Ha Mecrara c111,
Ye 6e HeBb3MO:>KHO ,o,a r111 noMpbp,HaT. Torasa cnen111.Rr KoHyHr (blindi
konungr) peYe: ,Tytlt e ronRMO Yy,o,o, HO ero, LJe cera crasa ep,Ho OLL\8 no-
mnRMO, 3alLIOro a3, cnenlll.Rr, Slll:>K,[\aM 8,QII1H Mb:>K ,qa .R3,Ql!l 6.Rn KOH npe,q
crpOFl Ml!l, Tbtlt CTpaweH Ha Slll,Q". 8CII1YKO rosa CKOpO XBbpn111 MHOrO or
. KOHyHriiiT8 111M · S y>t<ac; CaMO WeCrlllMa OT T.RX o6aLJe ocraHaXa Ill np111exa
cpa>t<eHIIIero. HaKpa.R sap.Rrlt1re 1113SOIOsaxa no6e,qa 111 ce 3asbpHaxa s
MV1Knarap,q c MHoro nnRYKa 111 cnasa". Koraro o6elllaHara L\bpKsa 6111na
nocrpoeHa, Hop,o,6pl!1KT pew111n ,o,a R ocser111 111 ,qa ,[\3,[\e ron.RM n111p, HO
rpb~KIIl.RT lllMneparop MY 3a6paHIIln 111 MY Ka3an, Ye HRMa no-roneMI/1 npa-

47
 sa 3apa)J,l!1 ycnexa 111 6oraTcTsoTo Cl/1. E,.qsa no,.q111p Mon6aTa Ha Hop,.q6p!11KT, H

!11MnepaTOpbT .QOWbn Ha n111pa, ycTpOeH 3a nOCTpORSaHeTO Ha L\bpKSaTa, E

3ae,.qHO C en111CKOna. no,.q111p TOSa L\bpKSaTa 6111na OCSeTeHa 111 yseHLJaHa C n
KaM6aHa, pasHa Ha KORTO HRMano s MII1Knarap,.q. 73 C npaso MO>Ke ,.qa ce T
npe,.qnono>K111 , LJe s Ta3111 cara BCbLL\HOCT ce pa3Ka3sa 3a 6111TKaTa np111 H
OcTposo npe3 nRTOTO Ha 1041 r. 74 , KoraTo sotllcKaTa Ha cnen111F1 6bnrap- H
CKII1 L\ap neTbp ,OenRH 6111na pa3rpoMeHa, a caMII1RT Totll 6111n 3anoseH s e
nneH. B caraTa HerosaTa cb,.q6a o6aYe He e pa3Kp111Ta. Pa3Ka3bT Ha oLJe- p
B111.QeL\a Ha cb6111T111eTo M111xavm ncen 3a no6e,qoHOCHII1R reditus imperatoris n
Ha M111Xall1n IV nacpnaroH B KOHCTaHTII1HOnon pa3Kp111Ba He caMO B1113aH- 1
T111ti1CKII1Fl Tp111yMcp Ha,[\ 6bnrap111T8, HO 111 Cb,[\6aTa Ha ocneneHII1R 111 nneHeH c
neTbp ,OenRH: ,Tot/1 06bpHa B 6RrCTBO 111 no6e,q111 (6bnrapCK111R) HapO,[\, KOt/1- B

TO 6ewe seLJe pa3KbCaH or pa3nii1YHII1 cpm-KeHII1R 111 6e3 BO*A, HanpaBI/1 ro T

OTHOBO no,qsnaCTeH Ha CbLL\aTa 111Mnep111R, npOTII1B KOFITO Ce 6ewe pa3- c
6yHTysan 111 Tbp)KecrseHo ce BbpHa 8 npecronHII1Fl rpa,Q, KaTo 8o,.qewe p
MHOrO nneHHII1L\1!1 111, pa361!1pa Ce, Hati1-81!1,[\HII1T8 M8)K.QY TRX, KaKTO 111 C3MII1R n
111M BO/K.Q, H833KOHHOpO,Q8H1!1R, C OTpR33H HOC Ill l!138a,Q8HI!1 OLJI/1. 1/1 Tbt/1, f c
TOt/1 8n838 Tbp)K8CT88HO 8 CTOnii!L\aTa, K3TO L\8nii1RT rpa,Q ce CT8LJ8 ,[\a ro ~' VI

nocpeLL\He. A3 ro 8111,[\RX rora8a KaK ce Knarewe Ha KOHR c111 KaTo Ha I< c

norpe6eHI!18. npbCTII1T8 My, KOII1TO ,Qbp)KaXa .03,[\II!Te, np111nw-mxa Ha npbC- H
TII1 Ha sen111KaH, noHe)Ke sceKI/1 e,QIIIH or TRX 111Mawe ,.qe6en111Hara 111 rone- n
MI!1HaTa Ha pbKa- TOnK08a 3ne 6Rxa BbTp8WHOCT111T8 My, a nii1L\8TO MY He H
t
6ewe 3ana3111no HII1TO cne,qa or npe,ql!1WHII1R c111 8111,[\. TaKa 80,[\eH, rot/1 8ne- B

3e s ,.qsopel\a c Tbp>KecrseH TPIIIYM¢, cne,q KaTo npe8e,Qe npe3 reaTbpa c

[X111no,.qpoMa] nneHHII1L\1!1Te 111 noKa3a Ha poMe111Te, '-le Cll1nHII1RT ,qyx Bb3- '-!

KpecRsa MbpTbBL\111 Ill CTp8M8/KbT KbM nO.QBI/13111 no68)K,[\aBa TeneCHOTO T

6e3c1!1nl!1e" .75 CKopo cne,.q rosa, 1113Mb'-lBaHII1FIT or 6onecrra 111Mneparop a
l H
,qo6posonHo ce OTKa3an or npecTona, 3aMoHawll1n ce 1!1 Ha 10 ,qeKeMBp111
1 041 r. noLJII1Han . 76 KonKOTO 111 ,.qa ce crpeMRT Hero8111Te Cb8peMeHHII1L\111 ,qa X
ro noKa>KaT 3a no6e.QI!1Ten Ha,.q 6bnrapl!1Te 111 nerbp ,QenRH, oLJe8111,[\HO e, H
LJe T03111 6onHII1K-111MnepaTop caMo e cb6pan nno,.qosere Ha e,qHa LJY*Aa rc
no6e,qa - Ta3111 Ha Xapan,.q Xap,.qpa,q111 . 06orarl!1n ce or nnR'-lKaTa no spe-
Me Ha noxo,.qa cpeLL\y 6bnrap111Te 111 cne,q OTTernRHeTo or npecrona Ha t B
M111xatt1n IV nacpnaroH, np111,.qo61!1n cnasara Ha ronRM 111 no6e,qoHoceH nbn- H
K08o,Qel\ 111 80II1H, 8apR)KKI!1FIT npe,Q80.QII1Ten OLL\e 8 HaYanoro Ha eceHTa Ha p
i Tl
1 042 r. HanycHan 81113aHTII1R 1!1 ce ycTaH081!1n 8 ,[\BOpa Ha KII188CKII1Fl KHR3
Rpocnas Mb.Qp1!1R . np111 Hero npe,[\111 TOBa TOtfl 1113npaLL\an HaTpynaHI/1T8 no H
speMe Ha Bl!13aHT111ti1CKaTa Cll1 cny>K6a 6oraTCT8a. npe,qnonO/K8HII18TO 3a H
Herosoro nl!1'-lHO y'-laCTII1e s pycKo-8apR)KKII1R noxo,q KbM KoHcTaHTII1HO- H
non npe3 f0nll1 1 043 r. 77 cnope,q MeH He 1113rne>K,qa npa8,qono,qo6Ho. Bbp- c
~- c
XbT Ha Xapan,qosaTa cny>K6a BbB Bll13aHTII1Fl 6111n111 no6e,q111re, y.Qbp>KaHI/1
Ha,.q 6bnrap111Te, 111 nopa,QII1 rosa ocTaHana ,[\bnro cnasara MY Ha TexeH
I v
, onycrow111ren ". H
no,QBII13111Te Ha Xapan,.q Xap,Qpa,Ql!1 s noxo,.qa cpeLL\y 6bnrap111re 8 ,I
naTII1HOe3111LJHII1Te 1113sop111 HaM111par cna6o OTpa>KeHII1e l!1 nopa,QII1 HecnoMe- 6

48
 HasaHe Ha 6bnrapcKoTo eTHI!lLJecKo 1!1Me Tpy,.qHo ce ycTaHOBRBaT. A,.qaM
5peMeHCKI!1 (t1 076 r.) s ,,QenaTa Ha xaM6yprcKI!1Te apxl!lenl!lcKonl!l " oT,.qe -
nR BHI!1M3HI!18 Ha 1!1CTOp1!1RTa Ha CK3H,.Q1!1HaBCKI!1T8 HapO,QI!l 1!1 M8>K,.Qy ,.qpyro-
TO oT6enR3Ba, Ye Xapan,.q, 6paTbT Ha Kpan Ona¢ CseTI!l, KaTo HaeMHI!IK
Ha KOHcTaHTI!lHOnoncKI!lR l!lMnepaTop, 1!1Man ,MHoro 6111TKI!l cpeli_\y capal.\1!1-
HI!ITe no Mope 111 CKI!lTI!lTe no cywa" (multa prelia contra Sarracenos in mari
et Scitas in terra) .78 Ha ,qpyro MRCTO MY ,o,aBa cne,LJ,HaTa KpaTKa xapaKTe-
p111CTI!1Ka: "npo1.1ee, TO!Il 6e Mb/K MOibli_\ 1!1 npoYyT C no6e,LJ,1!1T8 Cl!l, KOI!lTO
no-Hanpe,LJ, [r.e. npe,.q111 Bb3KaLJsaHeTo MY Ha Hopse>KKI!IR npecTon npe3
1047 r.] y,.qbp>Kan B 61!1TKI!1 cpeli_\y BapBapl!lTe B lbpl\Lt1R 111 o6nacTI!1Te Ha
CKV1TV1R" (in Grecia et in Scythiae regionibus). 79 no,LJ, "CKI!1TV1R" 111 ,CK111TII1Te"
B L\Lt1T1!1paHI!1T8 T8KCTOB8 BepORTHO Ce pa36111paT "6bnrapii1R" 111 ,6bnrap111-
T8". 8npOY8M, ynoTpe6ara Ha TOBa eTHII1lieCKO Hai!1M8HOBaHII1e B T03111
CMV1Cbn cpell.\aMe 111 y M111xa111n ncen Lt1 HRKOII1 ,.qpyrV1 Bll13aHTII1111CKII1 aBTO-
pV1.80 8 Acta 111 Passio Ha cB. Ona¢ KpanR 111 MbLJeHII1Ka (XII B.) ce Cb,LJ,bp>Ka
nereHp,a 3a 1113,D,Lt1raHero Ha L\bPKBa B KoHcraHTII1Honon, nocBereHa Ha cs.
Ona¢. Cnope,q HeR HRKaKbB e3111YeCKV1 Kpan Haxnyn B 38MRTa Ha rpbl\KII1R
VIMneparop 111 s nbpsoro cpa>KeHII1e Y.Qbp>Kan no6e,qa Hap, HeroBaTa Bolll-
CKa. 0TLJaRH, Lt1MneparopbT ce nOMOnll1n 3a nOMOLL.\ KbM ,6na>K8HII1R Mb.Ye-
HV1K Ona¢". Cne,o, Karo y,o,bp>Kan no6e,o,a Lt1 ce 3aBbpHan B KoHcraHTII1HO-
non, "TO!Il Cbrpap,ll1n L\bpKBa B YeCT Ha .QeBa Map111R". 81 no BCRKa BepORT-
HOCT TOBa e KpaTKa naTV1HCKa B8pCII1R Ha carara 3a Hop,o,6p111KT, KORTO
BeYe 6e pa3rne,LJ,aHa no-rope. 8Cbll.IHOCT carara 3a 6111rKara Ha BapRrlt1re
cpeuw e3V1liHII1L\l!1Te, npe,LJ,Lt1 KORTO ce o6eli_\aBa cbrpa>K,LJ,aHero Ha xpaM B
Yecr Ha cB . Ona¢, or cBercKara nlt1Teparypa npeMII1Hasa B >K111TII1111Hara.
Ta3V1 L\bpKOBHa pe,o,aKL\111R e 6111na BKmoYeHa npe3 1170 r. s Passio or
apxl!1enlt1cKona Elllcreii1H .82 Cbrpa>K,o,aHero Ha L\bPKBa l!1nll1 napaKnll1c B YecT
Ha Ona¢ CseTV1 TpR6Ba ,o,a ce OTHece no speMe Ha npe61!1BaBaHeTo Ha
Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,111 B KoHcTaHTII1Honon 83 111 no BCV1YKO 1!13rne>K,o,a, Ye e cra-
Hano npe3 1041-1042 r., Henocpe,.qcrseHo cne,o, norywasaHero Ha 6bn-
rapcKoro BbCTaHV1e.
YYaCTI!leTo Ha Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,111 111 Herosara sapR>KKa APY>KI!lHa
B norywasaHero Ha BbCTaHII1ero Ha 6bnrap111re no,o, npe,o,so,o,111rencrBoro
Ha nerbp ,QenRH HaM111pa orpa>KeHLt1e B HRKonKo crapo6bnrapcKII1 Lt1CTO-
pLt1Ko-anoKanvmTII1YHII1 CbYII1HeHII1R, Cb3p,a,o,eHII1 npe3 XI s. 3acnyrara 3a
Tosa OTKPII1TII1e np111Ha,qne>KII1 Ha M. KalllMaKaMoBa, KORTO ycnR npaBII1n-
Ho ,o,a pa3TbnKysa 111 111,Q8HT111cp111L\111Pa repM111Ha "pyc111re 6pa,q111" 111 Mecrara
Ha T8XHII1Te ,Q8111CTBI!1R B 6bnrapCKII1T8 38MI!1 .84 8 6bnrapcKaTa anoKpl!lcp-
Ha neron111c or XI B. ce Cb,Qbp>Ka KparKo npe,.qaHI!le 3a nerbp ,QenRH: "Ill
cne,q rosa 1!13ne3e ,qpyr L\ap Ha 111Me laraH , a npo3BI!lli..\8TO MY 6ewe
O,o,enRH , MHoro Kpacii1B . Tolll np111e 6bnrapcKoro 1!1 lpbl\KOTO L\apcrso ...
l!1 raM L\apysa ,.qBa,qecer 111 oceM rop,1!1HI!1 111 6e noceYeH or ,LJ,pyronneMeH -
HI!1K Ha OsYe none". 85 8 ,qpyr KHI!l>KOBeH naMeTHI!lK or Cbli_\OTO croner111e-
"8l!l,Q8HII18 ,QaHII1nOBO" M8CTa Ha ,Q8!11CTBI!18TO ca OCHOBHI!l cpe,LJ,II1li_\a Ha
6bnrapcKOTO BbCTaHI!le - Cpe,.Q8L\, lnaBII1HI!1L\3, 8en6b>K,.Q, nepTOH (sepo-

49
 RTHO nepHV!K) 111 CrpyMVIL(a VI ce cnoMeHasa 3a yKpOTRBaHe Ha ,pycV!Te
6pa.QVI ".86 8 , TbnKyBaHVIe ,[J,aHVIJlOBO" ce V13B8CTRBa 3a >KeCTOKVITe BOVI-
HVI - ,pyc111re 6pa.QVI" VI no.Qpo6Ho ce pa3KpV1BaT .QelilcTB!IlRTa Ha M!llxaVIn
KaraH OT 6bnrapv1Te, KOlilTO ll\RJl ,Qa yKpOTVI ,pyC!IlTe 6pa.QVI" npl!l lnaBVI-
Hl!lL(a. no-HaTaTbK HeroBVITe .QelilcTBl!lR ce noKanVI3!11par Ha OsLJe none,
CKonl!le , Cpe,qel(, 5oRHa, Ben6b>t<.Q, nnaHVIHaTa BVIrowa, ConyH !11 CTpy-
MVIL(a .87 Oll\e no-yKa3Ball\VI CBe,QeHI/1R OTHOCHO Bpb3KaTa Ha (neTbp ,D,e-
JlRH) c MecTara Ha ,qeli1cTBII1eTo VI npoTI/1BonocTaBRHeTo MY Ha , pycVITe
6pa,qVI" VIMa s e,qHa opVIrVIHanHa 6bnrapcKa sepcVIR Ha , CKa3aHVIe l!1cae-
so": ,1!1 npe3 rO,QVIHaTa Ha L(ap LJVIrO'-IVIH t14e V13ne3e TpVI,QeCeT VI OCMVIRT
wap OT CaposaTa 3eMR Ha VIMe raraH VI no npRKOp O,qenRH ... 111 KaTO
,qolll,qe, ll\e yKpoTVI pyco6pa.QI/1Te (pyco6pa,qe) 111 ll\e on1,qe B 6bnrapcKa-
Ta 3eMR". no-HaTaTbK ,qe!I1CTBVIRTa 1/1 c6nbCbL(VITe MY c '-IY>K.Q03eMHI/1 so!/1-
CKI/1 ce noKanii13VIpar Ha Os'-le none, lpaoso none, 3eMeH, nepHVIK 111
Cpe,qel(. l1116enTa MY e onVIcaHa no cne,qHVIR Ha'-IVIH: ,nocne t14e 1113nR3aT
HRKaKBVI HaCVInHVIL\111 OT 3ana,q KaTO 6e3cpaMHII1 3MeJI1oBe VI t14e OTVI,[\aT
Ha OsLJe none c MHoro soll1cKa. Torasa wap raraH t14e OTVI.Qe Ha Os'-le
none, Karo Cb6epe L\Rnara 6bnrapcKa soll1cKa. Torasa t14e ce cTeKaT
BOVIHII1Te Ha L(ap laraH Ha 0B'-Ie none. l/1 KORTO Mali1Ka e Mb,Qpa, TR t14e
Y.Qbp>+<VI CVIHa c111, noHe>+<e ll\e 6b.QaT noceLJeHVI TII1R xopa KaTo noncKa
rpesa . 1!1 xopaTa t14e Ka>t<ar : ,0, re>+<Ko HVI, 6parR, 3all\OTO 3arVIHa 6bn-
rapcKara 3eMR 6e3 OCTaTbK. 111 OCTaHa TOnKOBa, KOnKOTO ,qa ce o6xsa-
He OT CRHKaTa Ha e,Ql!lH .Qb6". 1!1 cne,Q TOBa (L\ap laraH] t14e OTVI,Qe OT
Os'-le none Ha E.QpVIno none. 111 TaM l.lte cTaHe MHoro ronRMa ce'-1 111
MHoro KpbB t14e ce nponee, TaKa '-le HRMa ,qa ce Hap111'-1a se'-!e E.QpVIno
none, a t14e ce npocnasVI Karo KocTeHo none. 1!1 raM t14e na,qHe wap
raraH VI c Hero nose'-le OT XVInR,qa .QYWVI. 111 xopara t14e Ka:>+<ar: ,0, re>+<KO
HVI, 3at140TO L(enVIRT CBRT 3arVIHa".88 8bnpeKIII '-le ,OTCRBaHeTO Ha VICTO-
p111'-1eCKI/ITe (YBIII, 061/1KHOBeHO TBbp,qe Mano6poli1HVI) OT nceB,QOI/ICTOp111-
'-leCK!I1Te MOTVIBIII VI o6pa3VIw s crapo6bnrapcKara IIICTOpVIKo-anoKanllln-
TVI'-IHa KHVI>KHIIIHa Cb3.Qasa roneMl/1 3aTpy,qHeHIIIR nopa,q111 pe,q111L(ara Ha-
nnacTRBaHVIR npe3 BeKOBeTe, MO>Ke C ysepeHOCT ,qa ce TBbp,QIII, '-!e L(VI-
TVIpaHVITe VI npepa3Ka3aHVI no-rope crapo6bnrapcKIII Cb'-1111HeHII1R OT XI B.
Cb,Qbp>+<ar s ce6e CVI Hapo,qHaTa nereH,qa 3a wap raraH-O,qenRH (nerbp
,QenRH) VI HeroBVITe 6111TKVI cpet14y ,pycVITe 6pa,qVI" Ha Xapan,q Xap.Qpa.QII1,
'-IVIRTO >+<ecroKocr 6VIna y>+<acRBall\a; Ta3VI nereH,qa ce snnena s nVIcMe-
HVIR cnoMeH. He MO>Ke ,qa He Hanpasl/1 sneLJarneHVIe, '-le Os'-le none s
MaKe,QOHVIR e MRCTO Ha rnasHoro ,qell1cTBVIe. Mo>+<e 6V1 VIMeHHO TaM e
craHana pewasat14ara 6VITKa Ha 6bnrapcKVITe BbCTaHVIL\VI cpet14y BVI-
3aHTVIlilcKara apMVIR VI BKnto'-leHVITe s HeR sapR>+<KII1 HaeMHVIL\VI. Bnpo-
LJeM KbM e,QHO no,qo6HO TbnKyBaHe HaCO'-IBaT VI V13BeCTI/1RTa Ha BVI3aH-
TVIli1 CKVITe aBTOpVI .90
Pa3rne>+<,qaHero Ha yYaCTVIeTo Ha Xapan,q Xap,qpa,QVI VI sapF!rVITe s
norywasaHero Ha BbCTaHl!lero Ha 6bnrapV1re or 1040-1041 r. Ha'-!eno c
L(ap neTbp ,D,enRH (laraH-0.qenRH) B CBeTJlVIHaTa Ha BVI3aHTVItiJCKVITe, VIC-

50
naHACKo-Hopse:>KKl!lTe, naTl!lHCKl!lTe l!1 cTapo6bnrapcKl!1Te l!13BOpl!1 Aasa Bb3-
MO>KHOCT Aa ce ycTaHOBl!l 3a~o l!lMeHHo npe3 1065 r. cKallAbT Tl!lOAOn¢
ApHopcoH HapeKbn csoR KOHyHr ,onycToWIIITen Ha 6bnrapl!1Te". A 6li1TKa-
Ta Ha Qsye none, l!13rne>KAa, e 6111na egHa oT ,oceMHageceTTe csl!lpenl!l
6li1TKIII", KOl!lTO OCHOB3T811RT Ha Ocno 8 BOAl!ln npegl!l 33Bpb~3H8TO CVI B
Hopserl!lR npe3 1047 r. 111 Bb3KaYsaHeTo Ha npecTona. Ta3l!1 npegnonara-
eMa peKOHCTpyKL(VIR Vl3rll8/KA3 HanbllHO norVIYHa.

3. 5bnrapL1 111 sapRrL1 s niiiYHara rsapAIIIR 111 orpeAIII Ha

Blll3aHTIIIVICKIIIR L1Mneparop npe3 XI - XII B.
AKo sapRrVITe 111 pyc111Te Oll..\8 oT HaYanoTo Ha X s. KaTo HaeMHVIL\111
3anoYHanVI ga snVI3aT s cbcTasa Ha VIMnepaTopcKaTa rsapglllR BbB Blll-
3aHTVIR, 6bnrapcKaTa noRsa s HeR cTasa egsa npe3 XI s. Tosa e csbp-
3aHo C TBbpge aKTVIBHOTO npVICbCTBl/18 Ha 6bnraplll B CbCTaBa Ha Bl/13aH-
TVI~CKaTa apMVIR npe3 XI - XII B. 91 noHRKOra Te 6VInlll o6oco6RBaHVI B
OTgenHVI OTpegLtl, a B gpyrLtl ge~CTBanLtl KaTO HaeMHVIL(Ltl, HO CbC CBO!Il
C06CTB8HV1 npegBOAVIT811VI. lllMa OCHOBaHLt18 ga ce gonycHe, LJe nOHRKO-
ra Te ca snLt13a11VI s cbcTasa Ha LtlMnepaTopcKaTa rsapgLtlR 3aegHo c
APYrLtlTe HaeMHLtll(Ltl.
M111XaLt111 nce11 VI3BeCTRBa 3a egLtlH LtlHTepeceH ¢aKT, KO~TO Ce OTHa-
CR KbM 1041-1042 r. Torasa BVI3aHTVI~CKVIRT LtlMnepaTop M111Xa11111 V Ka11a-
cpaT ce 3aen ,ga npexsbpnlll nVIYHaTa CLtl oxpaHa Bbpxy CKLtlTCKVI M11aAe>Kll1,
KOLtlTO 611111 Hae11 oTgasHa"; Te 6Lt111VI TBbpge npegaHlll, noHe>+<e TO~ r111 noLJe11
c noLJeTHLtl 3BaHLtlR. EgHVI OT TRX MY 611111111 Te11oxpaHVIT811VI, a gpyr111 Lt13nb11-
HRBanVI gpyrLtl HerOBl!l :>KeJlaHVIR". 92 Tb~ KaTO T03VI BLt13aHTVI~CKVI aBTOp ynoT-
pe6RBa B HRKOLtl CJlyLJal!l eTHl!lYeCKOTO VIM8 ,CKVITVI" 3a 0603HaLJaBaHe Ha
6b11rapLt1Te, HRKOLtl yYeHVI CMRTaT, LJe B gaA8HVIR C11yl..fa~ CTaBa gyMa 3a
npVIB11VIYaHeTO Ha 6b11rapCKVI BOLt! Hill B LtlMnepaTOpCKaTa rsapglllR. 93
B egVIH xp111cosyn, gageH npe3 1074 r. OT lllMnepaTop MLt1XaVI11 VII
)J,yKa napanVIHaK Ha apl!lcToKpaTa-VICTopVIK MV1xa11111 ATanlllaT, ce nose11R-
sa11o ,Ha HaYa11HVIL\l!1T8 Ha TarMVIT8 Lt1 T8MVIT8 KaKTO Ill Ha pyCLtl, sapRrLtl,
Ky11nVIHrVI, cppaHKIII, 6b11rap111, capaL(VIHVI 111 BCRKaKBVI APYrlll" 11Lt1YHO 11111111 c
oTpeAVITe c111 Aa He OTCR.QaT s Herosl!lTe I!IMeHVIR 111 TYK Aa 6b.QaT npexpaH-
saHLtl. 94 npe3 1079 r. VIMnepaTop Hli1KV1¢op II I BoTaHI/IaT nOTBbPAl/111 Cb-
Ll.\VIR T03l!1 Xp111COBY11 95 VI npe3 Cbll.\aTa rO,QI/IHa VI3,Qa11 Xp111COBY11 B n0113a Ha
CB8TOropCKV1R MaHaCTIIIp MenaHOH, C KO~TO pa3nOp8>KAa11 TO~ ga 6bA8
ocso6o.QeH OT ,MVITaToH" (3a.Qb11>KeHl!le 3a .QaBaHe Ha nogc11oH) Ha ,Ha-
L.fanHVIL\111 H3 TarMVIT8 VI TeMI/ITe, a TaKa Cbll..\0 KbM pyc111, sapRrl/1, Ky11nVIH-
rlll, ¢paHKIII, 6b11rap111, capal(I!IHVI 111 HRKOIII gpyr111". 96 npe3 1086 r. lllMnepa-
Top AneKciiiL:l I KoMHVIH Lipe3 xp111cosyn 3a npoRBeHI!I 3acnyrll1 gap11111 Ha
JlbB Kecpana ,cenoTo XOLL.\RHe, pa3nono>KeHo s TeMaTa Mbr11eH" (MaKe-
AOHIIIR) l!1 nosen111n cnegHoTo: ,CnoMeHaToTo ce11o 3aegHo c npocKaTIIIMe-
HIIITe s Hero ce ocso6o>KgasaT OT gasaHe Ha MVITaTOH Ha HaYa11HVIL\VITe Ha
TarMVITe 111 Ha TeMVITe - poMe~CKVI 111 YY>KA038MHIII, OLL.\e Ha pyc111, sapRrLtl,
KyilnVIHrl/1, l!lHrnlll, ¢paHKVI, H8ML(III, 6bnrap111, capal(l!lHIII, Ha ,683CMbpTHIII-

51
 T8 " 111 BCII1LJKII1 ,qpyr111 - poM8111 111 111HocrpaHL\~1 ". 97 CblJ..1aTa nos8nR c8 nosra- (n
pR B xp111coByna, KoLilro 111Mn8paropbT np83 1088 r. ,qan Ha MaHacr111pa , CB. m
VloaH npo,qpoM", H3M111p3Ll.\ C8 Ha OCTpOB naTMOC. 98 81
Or,qaBHa 8 ycraHOB8Ho or 1113Cn8,QB3LJII1T8 , Y8 cn8,Q 70-T8 ro,QII1HII1 TC
Ha XI B. HaCTbnsa 8,[\Ha 3HaYII1T8nHa npoMRHa np111 Ha6111paH8TO Ha 111Mn8- TE
paropcKara rsap,Q111R, KORTO 8 o6ycnos8Ha or Cb3,Qanara C8 o6craHOBKa: Ml
BapRro-pyCKII1T8 H38MHV1 ,Qpy>KII1H111 nOCT8n8HHO 6111B3T 1113M8CT8HV1 OT B3- Tl-
pR10-3Hin111VJCKII1T8 .99 ToBa o6RCHRBa 111 noc8nBaH8TO Ha BapRrll1 or AHmii1R He
t-
B CeBepHa ,Qo6py,q>Ka B KpaR Ha XI B., KOII1TO HapeKnll1 3acen8Hara or
~ 01
TRX rep111rop111R ,HoBa AHrnii1R" . Or KpaR Ha XV B. reH,Q8HL\111RTa KbM 1113- B
rpa>K,qaHe Ha BV13aHTII1~CKara apM111R Ype3 MacoBo Ha6111paHe Ha HaeMHI/1-
L\Vl or pa3nii1YHV1 HapogHOCTIIl e c111nHo 3acrbneHa; TR e npe,qcraBeHa He
I
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caMo or poMelll, HO 111 or BapRrlll, pyc111, 6bnrap111, neYeHerlll, KyMaHIIl, ana- He
Hltl, a6a3r111, apMeHL\111, ceng>KyKCKIIl TYPL\111 , aHrnV1YaH111, repMaHL\111, yHrap- m
L\Vl Ill cppaHL\Y3111 Ill e 6111na 8THII1Y8CKII1 MHOIO nbCTpa 111 pa3H006pa3Ha. 100 P'
Me>KAY 1078-1081 r. 6bnrap111HbT 6op111n e 111rpan TBbpge Ba>KHa pon.R BbB sc:
soeHHo-nonii1TII1YeCKII1.R >KVlBOT Ha Bll13aHTII1~CKaTa 111Mnep111.R, 6111ge~K111 nbp-
BoHaYanHo ,npoegbp 111 Benii1K np111MII1KIDP Ha eTHII1KII1Te" (r.e. Ha Kopnyca c~
OT YY>KA8CTpaHHII1T8 HaeMHVlL\111), a nO-KbCHO - ,eTHapx". npegnonara ce, YE
Ye TO~ e KOM3H,QBan OTp.Rga OT 6bnrapCKII1 H38MHII1L\111. 101 E.Q111H gpyr BII1- 61
33HTII1~CKV1 ap111croKpar or 6bnrapcKII1 npo1113XOA l!lcaaK AapoH (npaBHYK
P'
Ha L\ap 111BaH Bnag111cnaB) npe3 1166 r. 6111n aKonyr, T.e. KOMaHgBall.\ 111M- BC
neparopcKara Bap.R>KKa rBapg111.R. 102 M:
C gpyr111 AYMIIl, CbBMecrHoro yyacr111e BbB Bll13aHTII1~CKara apM111.R pL
e 6111no egHa or cpopM111Te Ha 6bnrapo-Bap.R>KKO o6ll.\yBaH8 np83 XI- XII B., n
KO.RTO np111 no-,qera~nHo npoyYBaHe 6111 Morna ga 6bge o6orareHa c HOBII1 nc
np111Mep111. p<
KC
4. HopMaHI.II 111 sapHrlll - KpbCTOHOC4111 s 6bn r apcKI.IITe 3eMIII H<
npe3 X I - XII B. BE
Ha111MeHoBaHII1ero ,HopMaHII1" cny>KII1 rnaBHO 3a o6o3HaYaBaHe Ha TE
cKaH.QII1H3BL\111Te, KOII1TO ce noc8nBaT B AHrn111.R, CeBepo3anagHa (j)paH- TE
L\VlR (HopM3H,[\111R) 111 K)>KHa 111Tanltl.R. B
HopMaHII1Te , 3acen111n111 ce MacoBo B K)>KHa l!lranlllR Oll.\e B HaYano- L\1
ro Ha XI B., He caMo Cb3.QaBaT CBOR gbp>KaBa Bbpxy Bll13aHTII1LilcKa rep111 - L\l
rop111.R, HO Ill Bnii133T B OCTbp KOH¢nii1KT C lllMnepltl.RTa. np83 1041 r. 6bnra-
p111-naBnii1K.RHII1 s CbCTaBa Ha Bll13aHTII1VJCKara apMVl.R ce cpa>KaBanll1 s l!lra- n;
nltl.R cpell.\y HopMaHIIlTe. 103 npe3 1078 r. AYKbT Ha ,QpaY H111K111¢op Bacll1na- 81
KV1 cb6pan ron.RMa Boil1cKa or poM8V1 , 6bnrap111, an6aHL\111 111 ¢paHKII1 (sepo- 111
RTHO HOpMaH111), B,QIIlrHan 6yHT 111 ce ynbTII1n KbM Ogp111H c HaMepeHllle ga Bl
3aeMe Bll13aHTII1VJCK111R rpoH, Ho 6111n pa36111T or npOTlllBOnocraBlllnara MY Cl
ce 111MneparopcKa apMV1.R . 104
npe3 1081-1085 r. nog npegBOA111TencTBOTO Ha Po6ep IIDlllCKap H
(XLtnp8L\a) 111 6oeMYHA TapeHTCKIIl, 111Tanl!laHCKII1Te HOpMaHII1 1113BbpW111nll1 c
ron.RMO HaW8CTBII18 B 3ana,qHara nonoBII1Ha Ha 5anKaHCKII1R nonyocrpoB n
52
 (no-TOYHO B HRKorawHv1T8 6bnrapcKII1 381\!1111) 111 nocn8p,osaT8nHo npes3e-
nl!1 ,D,paY , p,sara nonora, Oxp111p,, Ocrposo, CocK, CepB111R, 5ep (p,H. rp .
88p8R s lbpl\111R), Bop,eH (AH. rp. Ep,eca s lbpl\111R) , MbmeH , Kocryp, 5111-
ronR 111 p,p. Tosa HaW8CTBII18, 0Tpa38HO OT Bll13aHT111ti1CKaTa BOtiJCKa, B CbC-
TaBa Ha KORTO sn1113an111 sapRr-111 , pyc111, 6bnrap111 111 p,p ., o6xsaHano 38MII1Te
M8>KAY Ap,p111ar111Ka 111 peKa Bapp,ap 111 HaHecno 3HaYII1T8nHII1 Ll..\8TII1 Ha Mec-
THOTO 6bnrapCKO HaceneHI!18. 105 EH8piii1YHa CbnpOTII1Ba Cp8Ll..\Y o6cap,ara
Ha HopMaHII1Te oKa3an or6paHRBall.\111RT Oxp111,Q Bll13aHT1!1tllcKI!1 nbnKOBO,Q8L\
or apMeHCKIIl np01113XOA Ap111es npe3 1082 r. 106 Herosoro 111Me ce cpell.\a 111
s 6bnrapcKara anoKplllcpHa neron111c or XI s. ,l!l cne,Q rosa 1!13ne3e ,Qpyr
wap or KoHcraHrii1Hrpa,Q Ha 1!1Me Apes, ce,QHa Ha npecrona Ha wap KoH-
craHrlllH, L\apysa ce,QeM rO,Q111HII1 111 no1.1111Ha". 107 Tosa e KocseHo orpa>KeHIIle
Ha opraHII13111paHI!1R 3arosop or Hero 1!1 or YM6epronyn, ,Qpyr Sll13aHr111LitCKI!1
nbnKoso,Qel\ or sapR>KKII1 npo1!13XO,Q, npe3 1091 r., 3a csanRHe Ha 111Mne-
parop AneKc1!1Lit I KoMHI!1H, 3asbpW1!1n c HaKa3aHI!1e - 1113rHaH1!1e 1!1 3aroYa-
saHe Ha ,[\SaMara 3arosopH1!1L\111. 108
EKcnaH3111Rra Ha HOpMaHI!1Te S 3ana,QHara nonOBII1Ha Ha 6anKaH-
l CKI!1R nonyocrpos s caMII1R KpaLit Ha XI s. 1!1 no-HararbK 3anoYsa see no-
Yecro ,Qa C8 npenn111ra C npeMIIlHasaHeTO Ha KpbCrOHOCHII1Te SOVtCKII1 npe3
6bnrapCKII1re 3eM111, B KOIIlrO B3111MaT yYaCTIIle 1!1Tanll1aHCKII1 HOpMaHII1 111 Ba-
pRrl!1. npe3 eceHra Ha 1096 r. Kpan 5oeMYHA TapeHrCKl/1 c 1 O-xl!1nR,QHa
sotllcKa or l!lranii1R npe3 A,Qp111arii1YecKo Mope ,cnR3bn Ha 6bnrapcKa 3e-
MR" (in Bulgaria regione) . 8 5bnrap1!1R (in Bulgaria) KpbcroHOCL\1!1re HaMe-
p1!1nll1 ronRMO 111306111n111e OT >KIIlTO, BII1HO 111 MaGnO. no Hape>K,QaHe Ha Bll13aH-
TI!1Li1CK111R 111Mneparop HaceneHIIlero B MaKe,QOHIIlR HaBCRKb,Qe 111M ype>K,Qa-
no na3ap111, Ho 6bnrap111re or Kocryp orKa3anl!1 ,Qa cropRT rosa. TyK, no-
pa,QII1 n111nca Ha Cb8CTH111 np111nac111, KpbcroHOCL\111Te ce HaXBbpnlllnlll ,Qa nnRY-
Kocsar OBL\e, sonose, OBH111, CBII1He 111 AP· B 6n1113ocr ,QO rpa,Qa re nona,Q-
Hanll1 Ha ,HRKaKsa Kpenocr Ha eperii1L\111 (quoddam castrum haereticorum)-
B8poRrHo 6oroMII1n111, KORTO npes3en111 111 1113rop111n111 3ae,QHO c >K111ren111re Ill.
Tsbpp,e 111HrepeceH e ¢aKrbr, Ye HRKOII1 111CrOp111L\111 Ha noXO,Qa Ha HOpMaHII1-
T8-KpbCTOHOCL\111 or6etJR3Bar rpa,QOBere Ha a,Qplllarw-JeCKOrO KpaLit6pe>KII1e
BanoHa 111 ,D,paY 111 ,Qpyrll1 rpa,Qose Karo np111Ha,Qne>KaLL!II1 Ha 5bnrapcKoro
wapcrso (per Valonam et Duraz et ceteras civitates regni Bulgarorum), a
LtRna MaKe,QOHII1R Karo ,6bnrapcKa 38MR ".109
npe3 1107-1108 r. 3anOYHano HOpMaHCKOrO HaCTbnneHl/18 B 3a-
na,qHara nonos111Ha Ha 5anKaHCKII1R nonyocrpos. Torasa soLitcKara Ha 5o-
eMyH,q TapeHrCKIIl ,Q86apK111pana np111 AsnoHa (,qH. rp. Bnbopa s An6aH111R)
l!1 npes3ena pe,QII1L\a HRKoraWHIIl 6bnrapcKII1 KpenocTII1 Karo KaHIIlHa, ,D,e-
l son, lnas1!1HII1L\a 111 ,qp. 111 o6ca,q111na DpaY . Cne,q e,qHOrGAIIlWeH npecroLit rR
I ce OTT8rn111na s l!lranii1R .11 0
Ycnop8,QHO C 8TOp111R KpbCTOHOC8H nOXO,Q (1147-1149 r.) HOpMa-
HII1re np8Anp111en111 HOBO HaxnysaHe BbB B111:;3aHr111tllcKara 111Mnep1!1R , A8Vt-
crsati1K111 rnaBHO CbC CBORTa ¢nora 111 npeB38MatiJKII1 pe,QIIlL\a ocrpOBIIl .
3 np83 1 048 r. HOpMaHCKaTa ¢nora ,QOCTII1ra YaK ,qo KoHcraHrlllHOnon Ill

53
 l H
ono>+<apRsa npe,Qrpa.Q!I1RTa My. 5naro,QapeH!I1e Ha seHew!l1aHL\!11Te !11Mne- ,r.
p111RTa ycnRBa ,[\a ce OLJ!I1CT!I1 OT HaWeCTBeH111W!11Te, OTTern!l1n!l1 ce OTHOBO B

s V1Tanii1R.
111
I
c
'· E
Apa6CK!I1RT reorpa¢ Vl,Qpl!1C!11 6ll1n npl!1BneLJeH OT HOpMaHCKl!1Fl Kpan ~
t_ !11
Po>t<ep II B nanepMO - C111Wll1n!I1R !11 TYK npe3 1153 r. 33BbpW111n C80Fl !113- f
KnfOLJ!I1TenHO !11HTepeceH TpaKTaT ,Pa38neLJ8H!I18 33 KOnH88Ll\!I1Fl ,[\3 npe6- I .Q
p0,[\!11 CTpaH!I1Te". T083 8 e,[\!11H OT H3111-60r3T!I1Te H3 C8e,[\8H!I1Fl cpe,QH08eKO - H

B8H reorp3¢cKII1 TPYJ\ 33 e8ponelllcK!11Te cTp3HII1 111 oco6eHo 33 6bnr3pCKII1- '

Te 38MII1. 112 Hero80TO npe.QH33H3YeHII1e e He C3MO c no3Ha8aTeneH X3- c
p3KTep, HO 111 C orne,[\ Ha H3CTbnaTenHaTa nonl!1TII1K3 Ha HOpMaHCKOTO c
KpanCT80 cnpRMO 53nK3HCKII1FI nonyocTp08. n
BbpXbT 111 KpaRT H3 HOpM3HCK3T3 eKcnaH3111R 6ene>KII1 HaWeCT8111e- T

TO npe3 1185-1187 1. 113 To 111M3 npRKa 111 KOC8eHa 8pb3Ka CbC Cbp,6aTa 111 r.
111CTOp111RTa Ha 6bnrap111Te. ,[\8111>Keii1KII1 ce OT ,QpaY KbM ConyH no 11138ec- r
THII1R ErH3L\11188 nbT (Via Egn3tia), HopM3Hl!1Te no,o,no>KII1n111 H3 onycrowe- H
HII1e o6naCTII1T8 111 cenii1Ll\8Ta B MaKe,D,OHII1R. np111 381J.\111T3Ta 111 npes3eMa- K
HeTO Ha ConyH (24 38rycr 1185 r.) 3ar111Han111 Hap, 7000 ,o,yw111, ,8 T08a B
YII1CnO OT 6bnrapCKII1T8 neXOTII1H~II1 (lK~OVA ycigwv Tic:~ o-r~) l!1 OT ~RnaTa L

80II!CK3 cnopep, H8nbnHO TOYHII1 C88,0,8HII1R H8 XOpa, KOII1TO 38 T03111 6poll! E

ca yyn111", n111we M111Tpononii1TbT Ha ConyH E8cTaTII1111. 114
l!l3rne>K,o,a, Ye 111MeH- r
HO np111 38Bn8,D,FIB8HeTO Ha rpap,a OT HOpM8HII1T8 M8CTHII1 >Kl!1T8nll1-6bnrap111 r
ycnen111 ,o,a cn3CFIT Yy,o,orsopHa 111KOH3 Ha noKpoB!I1TenR MY cs. ,[\111MII1Tbp, E
,[\B3M8Ta 6paTR AceHeB~l/1 -
115 1-
KORTO OTH8Cnl!1 B TbpHOBO. nerbp 111 AceH,
KO!I1TO Bb3rnaBII1nll1 BbCT8Hl!1Y8CKOTO ,D,BII1>KeHII18 Ha 6bnrap111T8 B 38MII1T8 r
Ha cesep or 5anKaH3, !113non3sanll1 rosa, nocrpo111n111 s TbpHoso xpaM Ha 1-

111MeTO Ha CBeTe~a 111 p33rn3CII1n111, Ye ,Xp111CTOB!I1RT MbY8HII1K ,[\111MII1Tbp H8-

nycH3n ConyHcKaT3 M111Tpononii1R 111 TaMOWHl!1R xpaM 111 npe6!11B3BaHeTo E

Cl!1 np111 poMeii1Te, a ,o,owbn np111 TFIX [6bnrap111Te], 3a ,o,a l!1M 6bp,e noMOIJ.\- '
'
HII1K 111 noKpOBII1Ten s ,o,enoro", pa3Ka3sa CbspeMeHHII1KbT Hli1KII1Ta XoH!I1-
aT.116 npeB3eMaHeTO H3 ConyH OT HOpM8H!I1Te 111 388TOCTTa Ha BII138HTII1111 -
~l!1Te 38 OT6nbCKB8He Ha TRXHOTO H8CTbnneH!I1e KbM KOHCT8HTII1HOnon
KOCBeHO nop,nOMOrHanl/1 ycnexa Ha 6bnr3pCKOTO BbCT8Hl!1e, K08TO B Kpaii!-
H3 CM8TK8 ,D,OBeno ,0,0 Bb306HOBRB8H8TO Ha 6bnr3pCK8T8 ,D,bp>K8BH8 H8-
38Bli1CII1MOCT. noKOpRB3HeTO Ha KpanCTBOTO Ha 111T8nii13HCK!I1T8 HOpM8HII1
or repMaHCKII1R li1Mneparop Xaii1Hp111x V npe3 1194 r. cno>+<111no Kpalll Ha
eKcnaH3111RT8 111M KbM 6anK8Hli1T8.

IV. 6bnrAPVIR B CKAH)J,VIHABCKATA rEOrPA<f)CKA

KHVI)f(HVIHA VI Cb6VITV1R OT 6bnrAPCKATA V1CTOPV1R
BCKAH~V1HABCKVITEAHAnV1

npe3 XII-XIV B. B CK3H,D,II1H8BCK!11Te CTp3Hll1 ce H36mO,D,3Ba 38CII1-

neH !11HTepec KbM reorpa¢!11RTa, B pe3ynTaT H3 K08TO ce nORBRB8T pep,!11-
W3 CbLJ!I1H8HII1R 111 K3pT111 . no OTHOW8HII1e Ha 3BTOpCTBOTO 111 BpeM8CbCT3BR-

54
 H8TO Ha T83!11 reorpa¢CKV1 TpaKTaTV1 B HayL1HaTa Jll!1Teparypa Cbll_\8CTBy-
BaT roneMV1 pa3nli1YV1FL DoKaro K. Pa¢H 111 cne,QBaLi.j!I1Te Heros111 Bb3rne,QV1
csbp3BaT Hall1-crap!11Te cKaH,QV1HascKV1 on111caHV1R c lt1MeHaTa Ha HV1Konayc
5eprcoH (t1159), a6ar or MaHaCTV1pa ,MyHKarsep" s CesepHa l!lcnaH,QL!lR
1t1 XayKp EpneH,QCOH (t1334) - Ha0-3a6ene:>K!I1TenH!11Te reorpa¢111 s cKaH-
,QV1HascKoTo cpe,QHOBeKOBl!le 11 7 , Hanocne.QbK ce Ha6mo,qasa npe,QaTL!lpa-
He Ha CbLJL!lH8Hlt1RTa lt1 CBbp3BaH8TO lt1M C aHOHL!lMHlt1 aBTOpL!1. 11 8
1!1M8TO Ha 5bnrapl!1R KaTO reorpa¢CKO l!1 nOJll!1TII1Y8CKO nOHRTII18 ce
cpell_(a B nOYTII1 BCII1LJKlt1 Cp8,QHOB8KOBHII1 CKaH,Q111HaBCKlt1 reorpa¢CKlt1 Onlt1-
) CaHlt1R. B ,Onlt1caHll1e Ha 38MRTa", cbcraseHo Me:>+<,qy 1170-1190 r., e 3a-
nl!1caHo cne,qHoTo: ,Espona ce Haplt1Ya rperara L.Jacr oT 38MRTa ... B 1113-
TOL.JHaTa L.Jacr Ha Espona ce HaM111pa rap,Qap111KII1 [Pyc111R]. TaM ca KeHy-
1 rap,Q, XonMrap,Q, nanrecKII1R 111 CManecKII1R [rpa,QoBeTe K111es, Hosropo,Q,
nonOL\K lt1 CMoneHCK] . Do rap,Qaplt1Klt1 Ha fOI03ana,Q ce HaMlt1pa 1..\apCTBOTO
Ha rpbl\Klt1FI KOHyHr. lnaBHlt1RT rpa,Q Ha TOBa L\apCTBO e KOHCTaHTlt1HOnOJl,
KO~To Hlt1e Haplt1YaMe Mlt1Knarap,Q. B Mlt1Knarap,Q lt1Ma 1..\bpKsa, KORTO Hero-
Blt1Te :>Klt1Tenlt1 Haplt1YaT Arlt1oco¢lt1R, a t-lOpMaHlt1Te R Hapw-!aT Erlt1clt1s; Ta31!1
WbpKsa no Blt1,Q lt1 pa3Meplt1 e Ha0-senlt1KonenHaTa lt1 3a6ene:>Klt1TenHaTa oT
BClt1YKlt1 L\bpKBlt1 Ha 38MRTa. Ha rpbl\Klt1R KoHyHr ce no,QLJlt1HRBa lt1 5bnra-
plt1R (Bolgara-land), a Cbll40 lt1 MHOIO OT OH83lt1 OCTpOBlt1, KOlt1TO ce Hapii1LJaT
rpbl\Klt1. Kplt1T lt1 Klt1nbp ca Hail1-lt13BecTHlt1Te oT rpbl\Klt1Te ocTposlt1". 119 Bb-
se>+<,QaHero Ha lt1MeTo Ha 5bnraplt1R s lt1cnaH,qcKaTa reorpacpcKa KHlt1:>KHlt1 -
'·
I, Ha npe3 XII s. e,Qsa nlt1 e cnyYa0Ho, KaTo ce lt1MaT npe,QBlt1.Q spb3KII1Te ll1
nplt1CbCTBlt18TO Ha BapRrlt1T8 lt1 HOpMaHlt1T8 C 8lt13aHTlt1~CKaTa lt1Mneplt1R lt1
Ha 5anKaHCKlt1R nonyocTpos.
no-KbCHO (sepORTHO B KpaR Ha XIII- HaYanOTO Ha XIV B.) e CbCTa-
) B8HO ,Qpyro ,3eMeOnlt1CaHlt18", B K08TO npe,QCTaBlt1T8 111 lt1H¢0pMal\lt1RTa ca
3HaL.Jlt1TenHo pa3Wlt1p8Hlt1 lt1 o6orareHlt1: ,B Espana Ha0-lt13TOLJHaTa LJacr e
CKlt1Tlt1R, KORTO Hlt1e Haplt1YaMe Benlt1K Cslt1TbO,Q. TaM e nponoBR,QBan anoc-
ron ct>lt1nlt1n. rap,Qaplt1Klt1 - TaM ce HaMlt1paT nanTeCKl!1R lt1 Klt1eHyrap,Q; TaM
n nbpsoHaL.JanHo :>Klt1BRn Maror, Clt1H Ha LllacpeT, Clt1Ha Ha Ho0 . . . OrpoMHaTa
peKa ,QyHas TeL.Je Me:>K.QY CaKcnaHA [lepMaHlt1R] lt1 lplt1KnaH.Q [Blt13aHTlt1R].
TpaKli1R - Tosa e~ Cbll40TO, KaKsoro e lplt1KnaH.Q. TaM OTHaLJano :>Klt1BRn
V1 T111pac, cl!1HbT Ha l!lacpeT, CII1H Ha Ho~. OT Hero e npolt13JlR3bn T03lt1 Hapo.Q,
a KO~To ce Haplt1Ya TpaKlt1. Do TpaKII1R ca pa3nono>+<eHlt1 YHraplt1R lt1 5bnra-
pl!1R (Bolgera land). B lplt1KnaHA lt1Ma nnaHlt1Ha, KORTO ce Haplt1Ya Onlt1Mn 111
TR ce lt13,Qlt1ra nO-Blt1COKO OT o6nal\l!1T8. TaM lt1Ma KaMbK, K00TO ce HapL!lL.Ja
a36ecr l!1 KO~To He 1113CTlt1Ba, KoraTo ce HaropeLi.jlt1" .12° Cxo,QeH lt1 lt13rne>t<-
,qa CbCTaBeH no Cbll40TO Bp8M8 8 lt1 T8KCTbT B ,KaKBlt1 38Mlt1 ca pa3nono-
>K8Hl!1 Ha 38MRTa", K00To 6e L\lt1Tlt1paH s HaLJanoro Ha Ta3lt1 CTY.Qlt1R. Hero-
Bl!1RT 3asbpweK rnaclt1 cne.QHOTo: ,Do TpaKlt1R ce HaMlt1pa YHrap111R . 0TTYK
e po,qoM en111cKon MapTlt1H. TaM 6nlt130 ce HaMl!1pa 5bnrapvu:~" (Bolgaria-
- land) .121 AKo s pa3rne,o,aHli1Te onl!1caHlt1R 6l!16ne~cKli1RT eneMeHT e nplllMe-
- ceH CbC CB8TCKl!1R lt1 CbC CaMOCTORT8JlHl!1 Ha6nfO,Q8Hl!1R, TO B ,Qyxa Ha 6!116-
1- nerllcKaTa KOCMOrOHlllR l!1 reorpacpl!1R ca l!13,D,bp>t<aHl!1 ,o,se 1..\bPKOBHo-reo-

55
 rpacpcKl!l onl!lcaHl!lR oT HaYanoTo Ha XIV B. nbpBoTo oT TRX maclll cne.qHo- 31

To: ,VlacpeT l!lMan 7 Cl!lHa. TexHl!lTe l!lMeHa ca TaKl!lBa: loMep, MamK, Ma- 3(

.qaG1, VlyBaH , TyBan , MacoK l!1 Tl!lpaK . Te3l!l ca cTpaHl!lTe B Ta3l!l YacT Ha
cBeTa, KORTO ce Hapl!lYa EBpona: 8enl!1K CBl!lTbO,[I - TaM ynpaBnRBan Ma-
roK ; KfDn¢l!lranaH,q, KORTO Hl!le Hapl!lYaMe lap,qapl!lKl!l - TaM 6l!ln Ma,qaG1;
lpl!lKnaH,q - TaM ynpaBnRBan VlyBaH; 5bnrapl!1R (8olgara-land) - TaM 6l!ln Y!
Tl!lpaK; YHrapl!lR, CaKcnaH,q, cppaHKnaH,q , CnaHnaH,q - TaM 6l!ln TyBan .. ." 5•
ManKa npOMRHa e HaCTbnl!lna BbB BTOpl!lR TeKCT, B KOI71TO ce OT6enR3Ba, CJ

Ye ,Tl!lpac ynpaBnRBan 5bnrapl!1R (8olgara Iande), YHrapl!lR, CaKcnaH,q V1 xc:

cppaHKnaH,q". 122 8 CbCTaBeHoTo B HaYanoTo Ha XIV B. ,PbKOBO,[\CTBo" no
3apbKa Ha HOpBe>KKl!lR KoHyHr XaKOH MarHycoH l!lMeTo Ha 5bnrapV1R He
Ce Cb,[\bp>Ka, HO ca ynoTpe6eHV1 aHTV1YHI!1Te Hal!lM8HOBaHV1R Ha OT,[\enHl!lTe
npo8111HL\111111 Ha 5anKaHCKII1R nonyocTpo8, KoeTo e o6ycnoBeHo or TepM111-
HonorV1RTa V1 V13non38aHII1Te naTII1HCKII1 1!13TOYHII1L\111. He3a8l!1CV1Mo oT To8a,
TeKCTbT Ha TOBa ,PbKOBO,[\CTBO" 3acny>Ka8a ,[Ia 6b,[le L\l!lTl!lpaH, 3apa,[11!1
V1H¢opMal...\l!lRTa cl!l: ,Me>KAY no-paHo cnoMeHaTl!lTe ,[lyHa8 V1 Cpe,[11113eMHO
Mope ne>KaT TaK1!1Ba 3eMI!1. 0THaYano 1!1,[18a MV13111R, nonyYl!lna HaV1MeHo-
8aHI!1eTo Cl!l 3apa,[\V1 C80V1Te 6oraTI!1 ,[I06l!18ll1 Ha 3bpHO Ill npe8b3XO,[\Hl!1Te
nno,[lo8e, nopa,[\111 Koero e3l!1YHli1L\l!1Te Hapw-1an111 Ml!13li1R >Kl!lTHl!ll...\aTa Ha
Uepepa, KORTO Te noYI!1Tanl!1 KaTo 6ori!1HR Ha 3bpHoTo l!1 A3PII1TenKa Ha
nno,[loBe. MV13V1R ne>Kll1 Ha 1113ToK or .QyHaBCKli1Te ycTIIlR, a Ha fOIOII13TOK
OT HeR e Ta3ll1 3eMR , KORTO ce Hapw-la TpaKIIlR (Tracia). Ha K>l OT HeR
ne>Kl!l Ta3l!1 YaCT OT lbpl...\111R, KORTO ce HapW-la MaK8,[\0HV1R (Macedonia),
a Ha 3ana,q - 111CTpli1R. no,ql!1p TOBa l!l,[\Ba naHOHIIlR, KORTO e HapeYeHa
TaKa, 3a~oTo enl!lcKon CB. MapTli1H TypcKIIl ce e po,[lll1n TyK. A nbK Tpa-
Kli1R e nonyYl!lna l!1MeTo Cll1 oT T111pac, CV1Ha Ha tllacper. TaM ce HaMl!1pa
KoHcTaHTl!lHonon - T03ll1 rpa,[l, Kol71To HOpMaHl!lTe Hap111YaT MV1Knarap,[1 ...
Ha ceBep or HeR (Tracia) ne>KIIl peKa l!lcTbp - T08a e Cb~li1RT T03111 .Qy-
Has . Tol71 e Hal71-ronRM or BCV1YKII1 peKl!1, KOli1To 1!1Ma 8 Espona. Ha K>r oT
TpaKl!lR ne:>Kl!l OHOBa MOpe , KOeTO ce Hap1!1Ya Eret71CKO, a Ha 3ana,[\ OT
HeR - MaKe,qoHl!lR. Te3V1 o6nacTV1 s HRKorawHo 8peMe 3acenl!1nll1 pa3-
nii1YHll1 Hapo,qvr MacareTIIl l 1 Mecl!1reTl!1, capMaTl!1 l!1 CKII1TV1 l!1 MHoro APYill1 .
111 3a~oTo ToBa e ronRMa 3eMR, TaM ce HaM1!1paT roneMl!1 nneMeHa 111
MHOIO HapO,[\ll1". 123
naTli1HOe3li1YHaTa rpa,[ll!1L\V1R npl!l o6o3HaLJa8aHe Ha reorpa¢cKl!1Te
nOHRTl!lR cne,[\83T l 1 Hal71-CT3pl!1Te cpe,[IH08eKOBHII1 CKaH,[\li1H38CKll1 KapTll1.
HaG1-paHHaTa oT TAX (cpe,[laTa Ha XIII s.) oT6enR38a Ha 5anKaHCKV1R no-
nyocTpos lbpl...\l!lR , TpaKli1R (Tracia), KoHcTaHTl!1Honon, Mll13li1R (Misia) 111 Cnap-
Ta1 24 . 8 KapTa oT XIV B. B paMKl!1Te Ha EBpona ce or6enR38aT peKa ,Qy-
HaB, YHrapl!1R, lepMaHli1R l 1 lbpl...\l!lR, 3a KORTO e 3anl!1caHo : ,8 HeR ca KoH-
cTaHTvtHonon, AH,qpononon [O.qpli1H] , TecanoHl!1Ka - YYAHV1 rpa,[IOBe" . 125 8
KapTa , KORTO Heonpe,[leneHo ce ,[laTyBa npe3 XII - XIII B., oT l!1HTepecy-
Ba~vtTe Hl!l reorpa¢cK111 noHRTvtR ca nocoLJeHl!1 ,D,yHaB, lbpl...\l!lR , KoHCTaH -
TvtHonon l 1 o6nacTl!1Te MaKe,[IOHli1R l 1 TpaKvtR (Macedonia, Tracia). 126 KaKTO
ce Bvt>K,qa , npvt reorpa¢cKV1Te HavtMeHosaHl!lR ce cne,qBa npe,qvt BCIIlLJKO

56
 0- aHTVlLJHaTa Tp8,Ql!1L\VlR , a OCbBpeMeHRBaHeTO e TBbp,Qe Cna6o B ,qyxa Ha
a- 3ana,qHoespone!llcKaTa cpe,qHoseKOBHa rpa.QVlL\l!lR . Karo V13TOYHV1K Ha l!1H -
-i a ¢opMaL\l!1R 3HaYeHVleTO Ha CK8H,[\V1H8BCKV1T8 cpe,QHOBeKOBHVl KapTl!l He 8
a- 3HaYl!1TeJlHO.
lll ; CKaH.Qlt1HascKOTo VlCTOpV1Ko-neronlt1cHo rsopYecrso (c V13KniD-
t1 Jl YeHl!le Ha canne) K8TO lt13TOYHV1K Ha VlH¢opM8L\lllR 33 cpe,O,HOBeKOBHa
6bnrapV1R ,o,ocera He e 6Vlno o6eKT Ha BHli1MaHllle. 127 B o6lljlll ,o,aHHVl ro
.a, cne,qsa yHVlBepcanHVlTe xpoHVlKVl Ha asropl!l or XI - XII B. Karo EKe-
V1 xap,o,, 3lllre6epr, XoHopllllll V1 BeHcaH ,IJ,bO 5yse 128 V1 33VlMCTsa or TRX
10 HRKOVl CBe,0,8HV1R 38 6bnrap1!1T8 . 8 ,VlcnaH,O,CKVl 3H3Jllll" , B KOVlTO ca V13-
18 Jl0>K8HV1 Cb6V1TV1R OT 46 ,0,0 1406 r., Ce CnOM8H383T p8,0,111L\3 Cb6111TV1R OT
re Bll13aHT111lllcKara VlCTOp111R . E,o,111HCTBeHoro cse,o,eHII1e 3a 111CTOpii1RTa Ha
111- 6bnrapcKII1Te 38MII1 e nocraseHo no,o, 1396 r . 111 ce OTHacR ,o,o 6111rKara
a, np111 HII1Konon. To rnac111 cne,o,Horo: ,CTaHa ronRMa 6111TKa, s KORTO ryp-
~ Vl CKIIlRT cynraH 5aR3111,0, y,o,bp>Ka no6e,o,a Ha,o, xp111CTII1RHII1Te, a Kpan Cll1-
10 rii13MYH,IJ,, KaYsaVIK111 ce Ha e,o,111H Kopa6, 11136Rra 111 cnac111 >KII1BOTa c111. A
o- nbK ,o,pyr111 rocno,o,ap111 111 3H3TH111, KOII1TO 6111nV1 nneHeH111 , 6Vlnll1 3BepcKV1
re 1113MbLJB8HII1 111 11136V1TV1" . 129
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0 06p.9. 5pOH30B H8Kpali1Hli1K Ha HO>KHl!lU,a Ha sapR>KKl!l M8LJ OT X B. , H8M8p8H B
0 Kpenocna ,CraH a" Kpalil Hosl!l na3ap -l!1 cropV1YecKV1 My3elil, WyM eH.

57
 V. APXEOnOrlll4ECKII1 Ill HYMII13MATIIl 4H IIl CBIIl,D.ETEnCTBA
3A 8Pb3KII1TE HA BAPRrlllTE C 6bn rAPCKIIlTE 3EM IIl

8Cbll_\HOCT MaT8p111anlll3111p3HIIIRT CnOM8H 33 sapmKKOTO npiiiCbC-

)
. TBl/18 8 6bnrapCKaTa Cp8,1J.HOB8KOBHa I/ICTOpiiiR Ca HRKOIII IIIHT8p8CHIII apxe-
onorW-18CKIII Ill HYMIII3MaTIIIYHIII HaXO,IJ.Kl/1. TRXHaTa CIIICT8MaTI/I33L\IIIR 8 MHO-
ro OTHOW8HIIIR Ll_\8 Cb3,IJ.a,o.e no-ronRMa nnbTHOCT Ha npe,O.CTaBaTa 3a MH0-
1088KOBHOTO 6bnrapO-CKaH,O.IIIH3BCKO 06LL.18HIII8.
YcTaHoBeHo 6e, Ye paHHocpe,o.HoBeKOBHIIITe 6bnrapcKIII aMynerlll,
npe,O.CTaBRLL.1111 WaMaH , KOLliTO 1113BbpWBa H868CHOTO Clll nbTyBaHe Ha KOH,
(
IIIMaT CID:>K8T8H napanen B 8,IJ.Ha BIIIKIIIHICKa BOTIIIBHa 3naTHa Orbpnllll...\a, C
111306pa38H Ha H8R oco6eH KOH , BbpXy KO~TO 8 nOCTaBeHa KOpOHOBaHa '
j

yosewKa masa (sepoRTHO 6o::>t<ecrso). Tosa 1113o6pa:>t<eHIIIe, no c111nara Ha

ycTaHOB8HaTa B8Y8 rpa,O.IIIL\IIIR, ce 3ana3111nO B 1113KYCTBOTO Ha CKaH,O.III-
HaBCKIIIT8 Hapo,qlll YaK ,o.o XIX s. 130 ,Oan111 Te3111 (npa)6bnrapcKIII aMynerlll
ca oKa3anlll sniiiRHIIIe Bbpxy sapR.>+<Kara ropeBTIIIKa - rosa e e,o.IIIH Bbn- I
poc, Ha Ko~ro, 3acera noHe, e,o.sa n111 MO.>+<e ,o.a 6b,o.e ,o.a,o.eH 3a,o.osonlllre- r
neH OTIOBOp. Mo.>+<e 6111 TOBa e 06ll..1 MOTIIIB, npO,O.IIIKTyBaH OT CXO,O.CTBO B I-
penlllriii03HIIITe e3111YeCKIII BRpBaHIIIR Ha npa6bnrap111 Ill CKaH,QIIIHaBl...\111. E
OT , BIIIKIIIHrcKo speMe" ca Tplll 6poH30BIII HaKpa~HIIIKa Ha HO.>t<HIIIl...\111
3a MeY, HaMepeHIII B Ma,o.apa, c. PynKIIITe, Crapo3aropcKo, 111 KpenocTra
,CTaHa" Kpa~ rp. Hos111 na3ap . 131 Cbll..10 Ha sapR:>t<KIII BOIIIH e np111Ha,qne:>t<an
M8YbT, ,O.pb:>KKaTa Ha KO~TO 6e HaMepeHa np111 pa3KOnKIII Ha HaMIIIpall..1111R Ce
CP8ll..1Y CvmiiiCTpa ocrpoB nbKb~yn ny~ Coape. 132 no BCRKa sepoRTHOCT
T83111 IIIHTepeCHIII HaXO,O.KIII TpR6Ba Aa 6b,QaT CBbp3aHIII C nOXOAIIITe Ha KIII8B-
CKIIIR KHR3 CserocnaB B 6bnrapcKIIITe 3eMIII npe3 968-971 r., Koraro s
CbCTaBa Ha HerOBaTa BO~CKa ca yYaCTBanlll MHO/KeCTBO BapR:>KKIII BOIIIHIII,
KaKTO seYe no-rope 6e or6enR3aHO. Bb3MO:>t<Hocrra re3111 Haxo,o.KIII ,o,a 6b-
,o.aT CBbp3aHIII C np111CbCTBIII8TO Ha ,BIIIKIIIHICKIII BOIIIHIII" 8 Cesep01113TOYHa
5bnrap111R npe3 nbpBaTa nonoBIIIHa Ha XI B. 1113rne.>+<,o,a ManKo BepoRTHa.
AKTIIIBHaTa BapR:>t<Ka TbproBIIIR npe3 IX - XI s. c Pycw-1 111 Blll3aH-
TIIIR e ocTas111na HYM1113MaTIIIYHIII 111 APYIIII cne,o.111, KOIIITO noKa3sar, Ye ,o,o-
KaTo AO cpeAaTa Ha X B. B CK3HAIIIHaBCKIIIT8 C8nl/lll..1a Blll3aHTIII~CKIII MOHe-
TIII L\lllpKynlllpaT cnopaAIIIYHO, TO OTTOrasa ,0,0 cpeAaTa Ha XI B. TRXHaTa
L\lllpKynal...\IIIR 8 perynRpHa, a nO-KbCHO B8Ye 6ene.>+<lll TeHAeHL\IIIR KbM Ha-
ManRBaHe Ill 1113Y83BaHe. 133 MaKap Ill sapR.>KKIIIRT ,nyrb 1113 BapRrb Bb rpe-
Kl/1 " Aa e MIIIHasan noKpa~ 6bnrapcKOTO YepHoMopcKo Kpat116pe.>+<llle, AO-
cerawHIIITe apxeonOriiiYeCKIII HaXOAKIII He CBIII,0.8TenCTB8T 38 aKTIIIBeH Tbp-
IOBCKIII 06M8H.
L
CaKCOHCKIIIRT aHOHIIIMeH aHan111cr (XII B.) or6enR3Ba, ye Hopse.>+<-
300 roneMIII KOpa6a Ill ,OCBeH TOBa
KIIIRT Kpan Xapan,o. Xap,o.pa,o.111 IIIMan 1
CbKpOBIIILl_\8 OT 3naTO, K08TO ,QOH8Cbn OT rbpl...\IIIR, YIIIRTO T8/KIIIH8 8,D,Ba 12 1
134 \
Mna,qe:>t<lll B,O.IIIranlll ,o.o spaTa c111". B e,QHa oT paHHIIITe car111 (KpaR Ha XII I

B.) ce pa3Ka3Ba , Ye Xapan,o. Xap,Qpa,qlll ce 3asbpHan s goMa c111 Ha Tbp-

roscKIII KOpa6 , HaTOBapeH , C MHOIO 6oraTCTBa Ill CbKpOBIIILl_\8". 135 He ca-

58
MO npV1 C80V1T8 no6e,QOHOCHV1 nOXO,QV1 8 pa3nW-JHV1 Kp3V1Ll\3 (8Knf0LJV1Ten-
HO V1 8 6bnrapCKV1T8 38MV1) TOt/1 V1Man 8b3MO>KHOCT ,qa C8 'Harpa6lt1 C
nnRYKa. 8b3 OCH083 Ha Cbll.\8CT8Y83U.\ o6w-Jati1 npV1 CMbpTTa l!lnltl OT-
CTp3HFl83H8TO Ha 8lt133HTV1ti1CKlt1R V1MnepaTOp 83pFl>t<KaTa ,qpy>Kl!!Ha MO-
>Kena p,a 838M8 OT CbKp08V1Ll\3Ta MY 8CV1LJKO OHOBa, K08TO tiJ TpR68a-
no.136 Xapan,o,osaTa P.PY>KV1Ha ltlMana Tpl!l TaKlt18a ,o,o6pl!l Bb3MO>KHOCTV1:
npltl 3aMoHawsaHeTo Ha Ml!lxal!ln IV nacpnaroH (1041 r .), npV1 CMbpTTa Ha
Mltlxaltln V KanacpaT (1 042 r.) lt1 npl!l C8anRHeTo Ha V1MnepaTpl!IL\V1Te 3oR l!1
Teo,o,opa npe3 Cbll.\aTa ro,o,l!!Ha.
~3Cn8,D,83Hl!JFlTa Ha l!J3TbKH3Tlt1 n03H383Ylt1 Ha BV133HTl!I~CKaTa l!J
cKaH,D,ltlHascKaTa HYMli13MaTlt1Ka noKa3BaT, Ye cne,o, 3aspbll.\aHeTo Ha
Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,l!l l!1 HerosoTo Bb3KaYBaHe Ha Hopse>t<Kl!IR npecTon s
MoHeToceYeHeTo MY ce 3a6enR3Ba cl!lnHo Bll13aHTII1~CKO Bnii1RH111e. Cb-
LL\OTO Bnii1FlHII18 Ce Ha6m-o,o,aBa 111 B MOH8TOC8Y8H8TO Ha H810BII1R CbBpe-
M8HHlt1K ,o,aTCKII1R Kpan CseH EcTp111TCOH (1 047-1 075) . 137 8b3npo1113Be>t<-
,o,aHeTo Ha BII133HTII1~CKII1T8 npOTOTII1nOB8 Ha MOH8Tlt1, C8Y8HII1 OT 111Mne-
paTOp111T8 M111xa111n IV 111 M111xa111n V, cTasa o6111KHoseHo RsneHII1e 111 CBII1-
,o,eTencTsa 33 npOL\8Ca Ha BII133HTII1HII13111p3H8TO Ha CK3H,D,II1H3BCKII1T8
Bna,o,eTencKII1 ,o,BopoBe.

' ........

06p. 10. BnRso- cpe6bpHa Yawa Ha senV1KV1R >KynaH CV1BV1H, HaMepeHa BbB
BenV1KV1 npecnas (X B.) - Hal.IVlOHaneH V1CTOpV1Y8CKV1 My3etlt, Co¢V1R .
8,[\RCHO- cpe6bpHa Yawa, HaMepeHa Ha OCTpOB roTnaH,[\ (WB8l.IV1R) OT X-XI B.-
ApxeonOrV1Y8CKV1 My3etlt, CTOKXOnM.

HaMepeHaTa s paHHocpe,o,HoBeKOBHaTa 6bnrapcKa cTonii1L!a Benii1-

Klt1 npecnaB Yawa Ha Benii1Kl!!Fl JKynaH Cl!IBltlH (KpaR Ha IX - HaYanoTO Ha
X B.) 138 no CTl!ln l!1 l!1306pa:>K8Hl!!Fl BbpXy HeR e TBbp,D,e CXO,D,Ha CbC cpe6bp-
HaTa YaWa OT Cp8,D,HOB8KOBHOTO CbKpOBl!IIJ...\8 OT OCTpOB roTnaH,D,, ,D,3TII1-
paHa npe3 XI B. ~3pa3eHoTo npe,o,nono:>KeHl!le, Ye roTnaH,o,cKaTa Yawa e
YacT OT nnRYKaTa Ha BapR>KKltlTe HaeMHl!IL\ltl Ha Xapan,o, Xap,o,pa,o,l!l, yYac-
T8anl!1 Ha~-aKTltlBHO B noTyWaBaHeTO Ha 6bnrapCKOTO BbCT3Hl!18 npe3
1041 r., e TBbp,D,e nOrltlYHO. 139 no BCRKa BepORTHOCT l!J ,D,pyrltl CTapltlHl!t OT
XI - XII B. oT cKaH,D,II1HaBCKl!ITe cTpaHltl MoraT ,o,a 6b,o,aT csbp3aHl!l c npe-
6lt1BaBaHeTo Ha sapRrl!ITe Ha 5anKaHCKlt1R nonyocTpos.

59
 VI. BAPR>KKIIl OCTATbUIIl B 6bnrAPCKII1R E3111K

5bnr-apo-cKaH,D,li1Ha8cKoro o6uw8aHe npe3 Cpe,o,Ho8eK08l!lero oc-

Ta8R l!1 HRKOlll CJl8,1J,l!1 OT 83l!1K08 xapaKTep, KOl!lTO ,D,OC81a ca cpaBHli1T8JlHO
cna6o npoyYeHlll. TepMl!lHbT ,Bl!1TR3", KO~To ce cpe~a 8 crapo6bnr-apcKll1-
re l!13BOpll1 111 ce ynorpe6R8a 111 ,o,o ,o,Hec 8 CMlllCbn Ha ,xpa6peL(, ,!DHaK",
8epoRTHO e npoHlllKHan no,o, 8Jlii1RHI!le Ha 8apRili1Te. 14 ° Cb~o no,o, TRXHO
BJllllRHI/18 e npOHI!lKHan 1113pa3bT ,TI!1Jlli1Jl8~CKII1 !Oplll", KO~TO 8bB cponKnOpa
Hlll o3HaLJa8a ,,o,aneLJHa, H83Ha~Ha 111 nycra nnaH,I/1Ha" 14 1 , ro~ ce C8bp3sa c
1801pacpcKOTO nOHRTl/18 Thule, C K08TO B Cp8,D,HOB8K08HII1T8 CKaH,D,li1Ha8-
CKII1 1!1380p111 ce o6o3HaYasar ce8epHli1Te crpaHlll Ha e8pone~cKara repll1-
rop111R . BepoRTHo 1!1Ma 111 ,o,pyr-111 3aeMK111, KOI!lTO Bb3Xo>K,o,ar KbM Cpe,o,Ho-
seKOBII1ero, HO OTKp1!1BaH8TO 111M 8 ,IJ,bJll Ha 831!1KOB8,0,111T8.

5ene)KKM

1 An. M~nes. /KVITVIe Ha cs. KnVIMeHr OxpVI,D,CKVI. Co¢VIR, 1961.

2 E. A. MenbH~KoBa. CKaHAVIHaBCKVIe morpa¢w-!eCKVIe coLJVIHeHVIR. TeKCTbl,
nepeBO,D,bl, KOMMeHTapVILil. MOCKBa, 1986, C. 62, 65.
3 6. Pa~KOB. naVICVIeBVIRT pbKOnlllC Ha ,lt1CTOpVIR cnaBRH06onrapcKaR" 1762.
Co¢111R, 1989, C. 55-56. 3orpa¢cKaTa lllCTOpVIR OT 1785 r. Ha MOHaXa FIKOB ("lilCTOpii!R
BKparwe o 6onrapocnoseHCKOM Hapo)::le") TbpCVI npo1113xo,o,a Ha 6bnrap1!1re CbLWO ,or
peKa Bonra ,o,o BenVIKa CKaH,D,VIHaBVIR", HO ro o6RCHRBa CbBCeM no APY' HaYVIH- B>K. 1/1.
111saHoB. 5bnrapcKVI crapVIHIIl Vl3 MaKe,qoHVIR. Co¢VIR, 1931, c. 630-631.11lepocxii1MO-
Hax CnVIpVI,D,OH la6pOBCKVI B,l!1CTOpVIR BO Kparwe 0 6onrapCKOM Hapo,qe CnOBeHCKOM"
oT 1792 r. (V13,D,. B. H. 3narapcKVI, Co¢111R, 1900, c. 10-14) CMRTa, Ye ,6bnrapCKVIRT Hapo,o,
e HaLil-nbpBVIRT VI HaLil-CTapwn B XpVICTVIRHCTBOTO VI wapCTBOTO, rnasa VI npe,D,BO,D,VITen
Ha wen VIR cnasRHCKVI poA" VI npoV13XO>KAa OT nneMeTo Ha Mocox KaKTO VI ocTaHanlllTe
cnaBRHCKVI HapO)::lVI, HO no TBbp)::le OpillrVIHaneH HaYVIH npe,D,CTaBR 3acenBaHeTO Ha 6bn-
rapV1Te Ha 5anKaHCKVIR nonyocTpOB VI HaYanHaTa 111M VICTOpVIR TyK.ToLil He CMRTa CKaH-
)::\VIHaBVIR 3a 6bnrapCKa npapO)::lVIHa, KaKTO CBOVITe npe)::lWeCTBeHVIL\VI.
4 B. r. Bac~IlbeBCKIIIJ.1. BapRro-pyccKaR VI sapRro-aHrnVILilCKaR APY>KVIHa B
KoHcTaHTVIHonone XI VI XII seKoB, VII. ,QeLilcTBIIlTenbHaR VICTOpVIR Iapan bAa VI era sepVIH-
ros s KoHcTaHTVIHonone.- /KypHan MlllHVICTepcrsa Hapo,o,Horo npocseL.WeHVIR, Y. 177
(1875), c. 394-451; P. A. Munch. Det Norske Folks Historie, II . Oslo, 1885, s. 66 ff.; B.
H. 3naTapcKIII. V1cTopVIR Ha 6bnrapcKaTa ,D,bp>Kasa npe3 cpe,qHVITe seKose, Ill. Co¢VIR,
1934, c. 71-78, 487-489 ; S. Blondal. The Last Exploits of Harald Sigurdson in Greek
Service. A Chapter from the History of the Varangians .- Classica et mediavalia, II, 1
(1939) , p. 1-26; idem , The Varangians of Byzantium . An Aspect of the Byzantine military
History, translated, revised and rewritten by B. S. Benedikz. Cambridge, 1978, p. 74-77.
5 OTHOCHO Te3VI HaVIMeHoBaHVIR B>K. S. Blondal. The Varangians in Byzantium,
p. 1-14; CoseTbl VI paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa. CoYVIHeHIIle BVI3aHTVILilcKoro nonKoso,o,wa XI
seKa, no,qroTosKa TeKcTa, sse)::leHVIe, nepeso,o, VI KOMMeHTapVILill. I. nvnaspVIHa. Moc-
KBa, 1972, C. 176, 280, 439-440, 590-594; noseCTb speMeHHbiX neT.- B: naMRTHV1KVI
nVITepaTypbl ,o,pesHeLil Pyc1t1 (XI- HaYano XII seKa). MocKsa, 1978, c. 36 , 38, 58 VI ,qp.

60
 6 H. Damaco. The Voyage to Byzantium: the Evidence of the Sagas.- Bw3aHTv1tli-
cKII1W speMeHHV1K , 56 (81 ), 1995, C. 108, 6en. 4.
7 B.TbnKosa-3aiiJMOBa 111 A. MlllnTeHosa . VlcropwKo-anoKanwmW-JHaTa KHVJ>K-
HV1Ha BbB Bw3aHTV1R V1 s cpe.QHOBeKOBHa 5bnrap111R. CocjmR , 1996, c. 125.
8 0T,[\ei1HV1 HaCOYBaHV1R B1113BOp111Te Ha HaV1MeHOBaHV1RTa Ha 5bnrapV1R V1 6bnra-
pV1Te Ll.\8 6b,QaT HanpaBeHV1 nO-HaTaTbK B V13JlO>K8HV1eTO V16ene>KKII1Te.
9 Einhardus. Annales regni Francorum.- Monumenta Germaniae historica-
Scriptores, I , p. 212-214; Annales Fuldenses. -Ibidem, p. 358-359.
10 Walafridus Strabo. Carmina.- Monumenta Germaniae historica- Poetae
latinorum medii aevi, II, p. 406.
11 Annales Fuldenses, p. 364.
12 8. no3enes. 5asapCK111RT reorpa¢ 111 HRKOII1 BbnpOClt1 Ha 6bJ11apcKaTa 111CTO-
plt1R or nbpsara nonosii1Ha Ha IX s.- ro,qlt1WHlt1K Ha Co¢wLilcKlt1R YH111sepc111rer- Q)lt1no-
co¢cKo-lt1cropw-leCKlt1 ¢aKynrer, LVIII, 3 (1964), c. 292.
13 noseCTb BpeMeHHbiX neT, C. 26.
14 Constantine Porphyrogenitus. De administrando imperio. Ed. Gy. Moravcsik
et R. Jennkins. Budapest, 1949, P- 56-62. nogpo6eH KOMeHTap c onlt1T 3a lt1.QeHT111¢lt1Ka-
L\111R Ha HaV1MeHosaHlt1RTa -Ibidem, vol.ll. Commentary. London, 1962, p. 54--58. B>K.
Cbli..\0 Tbi1KysaHlt1RTa Ha n. KoneAapos. Vl3 VlCTOplt1YecKaTa reorpa¢lt1R H8 Cesepo3a-
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ne,[\, XXXIII, 3 (1972), c. 50-64.
15 CHoppltl GrypnycoH. Kpyr 38MHOLI1. MocKsa 1980, c. 402-403, 410. Cps. aH-
mV1LilCKlt1R npesog: Snorri Sturluson (1178-1241 ). Heimskringla (History of the Kings of
Norway). Trans!. Lee M. Hollander. Austin, University of Texas Press, 1964, p.578-579, 589.
16 E. A. MenbHitlKosa. KynbT cs. Onasa s Hosropoge 111 KoHcTaHTlt1Honone.-
8V13aHTV1LilCKV1Li1 speMeHHV1K, 56 (81 ), c. 92-106. UbpKsara ,Cs. 6oropO.Q111Wa BapA>KKa" s
KoHcraHTlt1Honon ce HaMltlpana 3ag Karegpanara ,Cs. Co¢1t1R"- Fr. Miklosic et J. Muller.
Acta et diplomata graeca medii aevi sacra et profana, I. Vindobonnae, 1860, p. 423.
17 K>. B. rorbe. >Kene3Hb1Lll seK B BocTOYHOLll Espone. MoCKBa- neHlt1Hipag,
1930, C. 232-235.
18 B. H. 3narapCKit1. VlcropV1R Ha 6bnrapcKara .Qbp>Kasa npe3 cpe.QHlt1Te seKo-
se, I, 2. Cocplt1R, 1927, C. 580, CMRTa, Ye T03lt1 cpe.QHOBeKOBeH rpag ce HaMlt1pan Me>Kgy
YepHa soga 111 Xbpcoso nplt1 c. KagbKbOLil, TyrpaKaHCKO. Tosa me.QV1Ll.\e ce ocnopsa-
B>K. rpbWK111 V13BOpV1 3a 6bnrapcKaTa lt1CTOplt1R, VI. Co¢lt1R 1965, c. 280, 6en. 6. no-
sepORTHO lt131Jle.>Kga Manlt1 npecnas ga e lt1.QeHTV1YeH c pa3sanlt1HV1Te Ha ocrpos nbKb-
Lilyn nylil Coape Ha .QyHasa, pa3nono>KeH cpell.\y CV1nV1crpa.
19 noseCTb speMeHHbiX neT, C. 80, 82.
20 P. Riant. Expeditions et pelerinages des Scandinaves en terre Sainte au
temps des croisades. Paris, 1865, p. 80 sq.
21 3a T03Vl sa>KeH cyxo3eMeH nbT B>K. K.ll1peYeK. BoeHHVlRT nbT or 6enrpag 3a
L(ap111rpag V16anKaHCKV1Te npoxog111 .- 5bn·rapcKa lt1CTOpV1YecKa 61116n111oTeKa, IV, 4 (1931 ),
c. 1-162; n. Myra¢>Yit188. Craplt1RT APYM npe3 ,TpaRHOBa spara".- Cnii1CaHit1e Ha 5bJ1-
rapcKaTa aKa,o,eMII1R Ha HayKV1Te, IV (1937), c. 19-148.
22 CHopp111 CrypnycoH. Kpyr 3eMHOLit, c. 486-488; Snorri Sturluson.
Heimskringla, p. 698-699 .
23 Morkinskinna. Udg. F Jonsson. K0benhavn, 1932, p. 408-409; E. A. PbJA3es-
cKa.FL ,Qpe8HRR Pycb 111 CKaH,D,II1HaBII1R 8 IX- XIV B8. (Marep1118Ilbl 111 VJccne,o,osaHlt1R).
MocKsa, 1978, c. 43 .

61
 24 P. Riant. Op. cit., p. 295.
25 F. O'Sullivan. The Egnatian Way. Harrisburg, 1972; J. Koder. Der Lebensraum
der Byzantiner. Graz-Wien-Koln, 1984, S. 66-68.
26 Orkneyingasoga, umset av G. lndrebo. Oslo , 1929, p. 203.
27 Corpus poeticum boreale. Ed. G. Vigfusson et F York Powwel , II . Oxford, 1883,
p. 353; Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning, udg. F. Jonsson, A. I. Kobenhavn og Kristiania,
1912, p. 486.
28 P. Riant. Op. cit., p. 130.
29 T. Tobler. Descriptiones Terrae Sanctae ex saeculo VIII , IX, XII et XV. Lipsiae ,
1874, p. 189.
30 lv. Duicev. Les Normands a Byzance et dans Ia peninsule des Balkans.-ln:
Varangians Problems . Copenhagen, 1970, p. 201-208.
31 r. OcTporopCKJ/1. 111CTOpii1R Ha Bll13aHT111ii1CKaTa P,bp>KaBa. Co¢111R, 1998, c.
310-311,346 , 367-368.
32 E. M111xalltnos. Pyc111 111 6bnrapll1 npe3 paHHoTo cpep,HoseKOBII1e. -lop,II1WH111K
Ha Co¢111ti1CKII1R YHII1Bepc111TeT, l!lcTopw-leCKII1 cpaKynTeT, T. 66 (1 975), c . 122 en. ~

33 B. no3enes. CTapo6bnrapCKII1 CBII1P,eTenCTBa 38 noKpbCTBaHeTo Ha PYCII1Te [

npe3 866 r. -lop,II1WHII1K Ha Co¢111il1cK111R yHII1sepC111TeT, HayYeH l_\eHTbp 3a cnasRHO-
BII13aHTII1VicKII1 npoyYsaHII1R ,l!lsaH ,QyillYes", T. I (1 987), c. 59-65. r
34 neTonll1cTa Ha KoHcTaHTII1H MaHacll1. cDoTOTII1nHo 1113P,aHIIIe Ha BaTIIIKaHCKII1R (
npen111c Ha cpep,Ho6bnrapcKII1R npesop,, ysop, 111 6ene>KKIII OT l!lsaH ,Qyi11Yes, c. 328, 334. ~
35 nosecTb speMeHHbiX neT, c. 58; M. ,Q. np111cenKOB. Tp0111L\KaR neTonii1Cb. ,
MocKsa-DeHII1Hrpa,o,, 1950, c. 73---74. B nbpsaTa neTon111c cb6111TIIIeTo e nocTaseHo nap, (
6452 (=944 r.), a BbB sTopaTa s 6451 (=943 r.). 3acnyraTa 3a npaslllnHaTa p,m111posKa E
np111Hap,ne>KII1 Ha H. Fl. nonosollt . 0 p,aTe sToporo noxo,o,a l!lropR Ha rpeKOB 111 noxop,a E
pyccKII1X Ha 6epp,aa.- Bll13aHTII1illcKII1il1 speMeHH111K, XIV (1956), c. 139 en. 1
36 B. no3enes. ,Qo6py)J,)KaHCKII1RT Hap,niiiC 111 Cb6111TIIIRTa B 5bnrapii1R npe3 943 r.- E
VlcTopw-JeCKII1 npernep,, XXIV, 6 (1 968), c. 40-48. r
37 0cHOBHIII1113BOp111 ca IIICTOp111YecKoTo nosecTsysaHV!e Ha Dbs ,QRKOH (X s.)- 1
lpbl\KII1 1113sop111 3a 6bnrapcKaTa VICTOp111R, T. V. Co¢111R, 1964, c. 248-250, 253-274, 111 1
pycKaTa noseCTb speMeHHbiX neT, c. 78-88. OT p,oceraWHVITe 6bnrapCKII11113Cnep,saHII1R c
BHII1MaHII1e 3acny>+<asaT Te3111 Ha B. H. 3naTapcKIII. l!lcTOp111R Ha 6bnrapcKaTa p,bp>Kasa t
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1=
CKII1e oTHoweHII1R np111 CsRTocnase.- Seminarium Kondakovianum, IV (1 931 ), c. 77-94. \
38lpbl\KII11113BOp1113a 6bnrapcKaTa 111CTOp111R, T.V. Co¢111R, 1964, c. 264.
39 naKTaM, C. 268 . ,I
40 0CHOBeH 1113BOp 3a TOBa Cb6111TII1e 1113a cnep,saW,111Te, CBbp3aHII1 CsapRrii1Te, e ,I
111CTopw-leCKOTO CbYII1HeHII1e Ha BV13aHT111VIcKII1R asTop llloaH CKII1nll1l_\a (X- XI s.) 111 Herosii1R c
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41 naK TaM, C. 297. c
'-
42 naK TaM, C. 307-308; noseCTb speMeHHbiX neT, C. 169. f-
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44 naK TaM, C. 337.
45 naK TaM, C. 188; lpbl,\KII1 1113BOp111 3a 6bnrapcKaTa 111CTOp111R, T. VII . Co¢VIR, n
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~ L
etudes byzantines, XXXII (1974), p.322-323. 6bnrapCKII1 npesop,y B.TbnKOBa-3ai/IMO- E
Ba. DonHII1 ,DyHas- rpaHWlHa 30Ha Ha Bll1 3aHTII1ii1CKV1R 3ana,o,. Co¢111R , 1976, c. 132-133. s

62
 47 n. Myra<P'·H/JeB. npoV13XO)J,bT Ha AceHOBL\V1.- MaKe)J,OHCKV1 nperne,q, IV, 4
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48 rpbL\Klt1V13BOpV1 3a 6bnrapcKara V1CTOpV1R, T. VII . Co¢lt1R, 1968, C. 210. Cps.
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49 CHopp111 CrypnycoH. Kpyr 3eMHOL11, c. 551-552. 6bnrapCKII1 npeso,q y n. B.
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V1CTOp111R.- B: 6bnrap111R 111 cseTbT npe3 seKosere. Co¢111R, 1983, c. 14-16.
50 B. r. BaCJI11leBCKII1Vt, L(lllT. CbLJ.- /KypHan MlllHlllCTepcrsa Hapo,qHoro npocse-
ll.\eHIIlR , T. 178 (1875), c.143 en.; n. B. CrOFIHOB, L(lllT. CbLJ ., C. 17.
51 K. Ciggaar. Flemish Mercenaries in Byzantium. Their later History in an Old
Norse Miracle.- Byzantion, Ll (1981 ), p. 46-74.
52 R. M. Dawkins. An echo in the Norse Sagas of the Patzinak War of John II
Komninos.- Annuaire de philo Iogie et d'histoire orientale, V (1937), p. 243-249 .To sa
MHeH!Ile Bb3npllleMar S. Blanda!. The Varangians of Byzantium, p. 148; H. R. Ellias
Davidson. The Viking Road to Byzantium. London, 1976, p. 191 , 205.
53. B>t<. L\lllTIIlpaHaTa n111reparypa s 6en. 4. KbM HeR or 6bnrapcKIIlre 1113cnegsa-
HII1R rpR6sa ga ce ,qo6asRr cne,qHIIlTe pa6or111: B. H. 3naTapcKII1. Hopse:>t<Kara cron111L(a
Ocno 111 6bnrap111Te.- s. Cso6ogHa peLJ , r.l, 6p. 263 or 11 RHyap!111925; lv. Duicev, op. cit.,
p. 202-205; r. UaHKOBa-neTKosa, IOro3anagH!I1re 6bnrapcKII1 3eMII1 npe3 XI s. cnopeg
,CrparerlllKOHa" Ha KeKasMeH.- V13BeCTII1R Ha V1HCTII1Tyra 3a 6bnrapcKa 111CTOpV1R, VI
(1956), C. 592 en .; n. CTOFIHOB. BbCTaH!IleTO Ha neTbp .QenRH B 111CD3H,QCK!I1Te car111.-
BeKoBe, IX, 5 (1980), c. 41-46; V1CTop111R Ha 6bnrap111R, T. Ill. Co¢111R 1982, c. 32-34; VIs.
5o>KII1110B 111 B. fl.o3enes. V1crop!11R Ha cpegHoBeKOBHa 5bnrap!11R VII- XIV s. Co¢!11R,
1999, c. 399-401. TBbp,qe L(eHHI/1111 Cb.Qbp>t<arenHIIl 6ene>t<KII1 3a Xapan,q Xap,qpag111 B:>t<.
8 : CoBerbllll paccKa3bl KeKasMeHa. CoLJII1HeHII1e Bll13aHT111LilcKoro nonKoBO.QL(a XI BeKa,
no,qroTOBKa reKcra, ssegeH!Ile, nepeBO)J, Ill KOMMeHTaplllL/1 r. r_ n111rasp111Ha. MOCKBa,
1972, c. 590-598. Or ,qpyrnre Bll13aHTono:>t<KIIl pa6or111 BHII1M3HIIle 3acny:>t<asar: A. Vasiliev.
The Opening Stages of the Anglo-Saxon Immigration to Byzantium in the Eleventh
Century. - Seminarium Kondakovianum , IX (1937), p. 39 sq.; Ph. Grierson. Harald
Hardrada and Byzantine Coin Types in Denmark.- Bysantinische Forschungen, I (1966),
p. 124-138; M. F. Hendy. Michael IV and Harald Hardrada.-The Numismatic Chronicle,
VII series, vol. X. London, 1970, p. 187-197.
54 . 0T li1CnaH)J,CKO-HOpBe:>t<KIIlre cpe,QHOBeKOBHII11113BOpi11 OCHOBHO MRCTO 111M3
,Cara 3a Xapan,q Xapgpag111 (CyposlllR)" s npo1113Be,qeHIIlero Ha CHop111 CrypnycoH,
,Kpyr 3eMHOL/1", C. 402-464, KORrO ce ,D,OnbnBa OT HRKOI/I OCMOCTI/IWII1R Ha CKan,qose Ill
car111 c ,opyro Cb.Qbp:>t<aHI!1e. Or nari/IHCKII1Te 1113BOp111111HTepecHII1 cse,qeHIIIR ce Cb.Qbp:>t<aT B
aBrop111 or XII B.- Adam Bremensis. Gesta Hamburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. Ed. B.
Schmelder. Han nove rae et Lipsiae, 1917, p. 153-154, 159; Theodoricus monachus.
Historia de antiquitate regum norwagiensium. -In: Monumenta historica Norvegiae Latinske
kildeskriftertil Norges historie I middelalderen. Udg. G. Storm. Kristiania, 1880, p. 57.
55 Or cKaH.QIIlHaBCK111Te Me,qll1eBIIICTIII npe3 XIX- XX B. HaL/1-ronRMa aKT111BHOCT
npV11113cne,qBaHe Ha ,qenara Ha Xapan,q Xap,qpa,q111 npoRBRBaT HOpse>KK111re IIICTOPIIIL\111:
P. A. Munch. Det Norske Folks Historie. II. Oslo, 1855, s. 53 ff.; idem, Kritiske
Undersogelser om vore Kongesagaers Fremstilling of H. Sigurdsons (Haardraades)
Bed ritter in den graeske Keisers Tjeneste.- In: Samlede Afhandlinger, Bd.l. Oslo, 1873,
s. 519 tt.; G. Storm. Harald Haardraade og Vaeringerne I de graeske Keiseres Tjeneste.

63
 '
- Historisk Tidsskrift, 2. rekke, IV (1884), s. 354 ff.; H. Koht. Harald Hardrade. -In : Norsk f
biografisk Leksikon, V. Oslo, 1931, s. 464-465; M. Olsen. En skjemtehistorie av Harald
Hardrade. Maal og Minne, 1953. URna KHV1>KKa Ha Hopse>KKOTO cnlt1CaHlt1e St. Hallvard •
(XLIV, 3-4, Oslo, 1966, s. 129-248) e nocseTeHa Ha 900-ro.Qlt1WHV1HaTa oT CMbpna Ha
KOHyHr Xapan.Q Xap.Qpa.Qlt1. C orne.Q Ha 6bnrapcKaTa 1t1 Blt13aHT!11tllcKara lt1CTOplt1R Hatll-
ronRMO 3HaLJeHlt1e s T03!11 c6opHV1K OT CTaTlt1!11!11Ma pa6oraTa Ha Per Jonas Nord hagen.
Harald og Byzants. -Ibidem, p. 129-149. ny6nlt1KysaHlt1Te cne.Q 1966 r. pa3nlt1YHlt1!113-
cne.QBaHlt1R Bbpxy no.QBV13!11Te Ha Xapan.Q Xap,Qpa.Qlt1, csbp3aHlt1 c 6bnrapcKaTa 1t1 Blt13aH-
It 135
t
Tlt1tllcKaTa lt1CTOp!11R npe3 nbpBaTa nonoBV1Ha Ha XI B., ce L\li1TV1paT Ha pa3nli1YHV1 MecTa B
HaCTOR~aTa CTY.Qlt1R . BV12
56 rpbl..\Klt1!113BOpV13a 6bnrapcKaTa V1CTOp!11R, T. VI. CocpV1R, 1965, c. 94-99, 301-
306; CoBeTbl 111 paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa. MocKBa, 1972, c. 160,162,172,174,180,282, Stu1
284 . .QonbnHlt1TenHV1 CBe,QeHV1R Ce cpell...\aT Cbl.l..\0 B,/K111Tlt1e Ha Jla3ap" OT MOHaxa rpV1ro-
p!11Cil (sTopaTa nonoBlt1Ha Ha XI B.) 111 ,!11CTOp!11R" Ha M111xa111n ATanlllaT, KORTO oTpa3RBa Iller
nep!110,[\a 1034-1079 r.- B>K . rpbl..\K!Il !113BOp!11 3a 6bnrapcKaTa !llCTOp!llR, T. VI. CocpV1R, 3av
1965,c.90-91,160. URnocTHV1!113no>KeHV1RBbpxyBbCTaH!IleToy: B.H.3naTapcKIII. 6pa
!llcTop!llR Ha 6bnrapcKaTa .Qbp>Kasa npe3 cpe.QH!IlTe seKoBe, T.ll. CocjmR, 1934, c. 41-81; Micl
r. UaHKOBa-neTKOBa. neTbp .QenRH npe3 norne,Qa Ha HeiOB!11T8 CbBpeMeHHVll...\111 . -
!11CTOpV1LJeCK!I1 nperne,Q, XXII, 4 (1966), C. 97-106. r. niiiT8Bp111H. 5bnrap!11R- B!l13aHT!11R
(XI- XII 88K). Cocp!llR , 1987, c. 288-303; L'ls. 5mKIIIflOB Ill B. rto3enes. !11CTOp!11R Ha
cpe.QHoseKosHa 5bnrap!11R, VII- XIV BeK. CocpV1R, 1999, c. 396-401.
57 rpbt.J,K!Il !113BOp!11 3a 6bnrapCKaTa !llCTOp!llR, T. VI. Cocp!llR, 1965, c. 303-304. nos
58 naKTaM, c. 95, 160; CoseTbl !11 paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa. MoCKBa, 1972, c. 172,174. OT )<
59 rpbt.J,K!Il V1380p!11 3a 6bnrapcKaTa !llCTOp!llR, T. VI. Cocp!llR, 1965, c. 306.
60 naK TaM, C. 96-98, 304-306; CoseTbl !11 paccKaabJ KeKaBMeHa. MocKBa,
1972, c. 160, 162.
61 CoseTbl 111 paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa. MocKBa, 1972, c. 160, 162. Blr13<
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npe3 cpe,QH!IlTe 88KOBe, T. II. Cocp!llR, 1934, c. 74-75; n. CTOHHOB. BbCTaH!IleTO Ha
neTbp .QenRH s !llcnaH.QCK!IlTe car111.- BeKose, IX, 5/1980/, c. 45.
63 rpbt.J,Klt1!11380p!11 3a 6bnrapcKaTa !llCTOp!llR, T. VI. CocplllR, 1965, c. 305. p. 3:
64 naK TaM, C. 305-306; CoBeTbl !11 paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa, c. 282.
65 rpbl..\K!Illt13BOp!113a 6bnrapcKaTa lt1CTOpv1R, T. VI. Cocp!llR 1965, c. 96. TIIIB
66 naKTaM, C. 306.
67 naK TaM, C. 160; CoseTbl !11 paccKa3bl KeKaBMeHa, C. 180.
68 Den norsk-islandske skjaldedi gtning, A. I, S. 369, B. I, S. 339. prot.
69 Ibidem, A. I, p. 370, B. I, p. 340-341.
70 Morkinskinna. Udg. F. Jonsson. Kobenhavn, 1932, p. 65-68.
71 Fornmana sogur (Magnusar konungsngoda, Haralds konungs Hardrada ok
son a Haus). Utg.Th. Hins. Kaupmannahofn, 1831, p. 144-148; Antiquites russes d'apres in th
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72 P. A. Munch. Kritiske Undersbgelser. .. IS. 519; B. r. BaclllneBCKVIVt. CoBeTbl 23().
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74 n. CTOHHOB, L\lt1T. Cb'-J . C. 45-46.

64
 ;k 75 lpbl(Kl!1l!13Bopw 3a 6bnrapcKaTa wcTopwR , VI , c. 99.
ld 76 naK TaM, C. 306.
·d 77 CoseTbll!1 paccKa3bl KeKasMeHa , c. 597.
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~- 791bidem , p. 159.
1. 80 lpbl(Kl!1l!13Bopw 3a 6bnrapcKaTa V1CTOp!11R, I, c. 93, 99.
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-·
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Michael Ill in Apocryphal Literature.- Byzantina metabyzantina, I (1946), p. 247 sq.
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R 86 naK TaM, C. 118-120.
a 87 naKTaM, C. 125-127.
88 naK raM, c. 167-172. ,Qpyra no-KpaTKa sepcl!1R e ny6nVIKysaHa OT A. HIIIKO-
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89 A. HVIKOilOB. L\VIT. CbY. , c. 105.
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65
 r
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