Hydration

NUTD 334
 Water and the body
• Essential nutrient and waste exchange

• Maintaining organ health and function

• Dissolving minerals

• Preventing condition such as

• Kidney stones
• Stroke
• Fatigue
• And many more
 Water loss and gain
• Constant balance of fluids

• Should always consume enough fluids

• Water loss must be < water gain

• Should be balanced equal

• Exogenous water and endogenous water

should always be at balance!
Body water
Aquaporins
 Water balance?
• Osmosis
• Extra and Intracellular water

• Intravascular (IV) & Interstitial (IS)

• Filtration
• IV IS
• Absorption
• IS IV
• Hydrostatic vs Oncotic pressure
The Kidney
 Water reabsorption
• Proximal tubule

• Descending Loop of Henle

• Distal Tubule

• Collecting Duct
Regulation of water absorption
Dehydration
NUTD 334
 Dehydration
• Water loss > water gain
• Excessive sweating
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Diuretic abuse
• Disease
• Fluid deprivation
 Types of dehydration
• Isotonic
• No fluid shift between ECF and ICF

• Hypertonic
• Fluid shift from ICF to ECF
• Why?

• Hypotonic
• Fluid shift to plasma and ICF
• Why?
Urine color and hydration status
Home made oral rehydration solution
Water Intoxication
 Water intoxication

Headache,
nausea, vomiting,
Intake is higher
Increase in ICF muscle twitching,
than body’s Cells (esp brain
volume and blindness,
ability to excrete cells) swell
osmolar dilution compulsions,
water
death if
untreated
Thermoregulation
Calories lost
Effect of fluid loss on performance

Body water loss% Physiological effect

0.5 Increased strain on the heart
1 Reduced aerobic capacity
3 Reduced muscular endurance
4 Reduced strength, heat cramp, and motor skills
5 Heat exhaustion, fatigue
6 Heat stroke, coma, physical exhaustion
Content of sweat
Avoid dehydration and overheating?

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