Nutrition and diet therapy Lecture

WATER  Inside the cells

 Component of all body cells  Spinal cord
 50-60% of body weight  Pregnancy
 higher in males  Amniotic fluid
 Males have more muscles, females have more
adipose tissues Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
 Absorbed rapidly in the blood stream and lymph  A state of water balance that exists when the
by diffusion, it passes easily between body total fluid volume in the body is adequate and
compartments by osmosis depending on the approximately distributed among the body
concentration of electrolytes. compartments.
Water intake = water output = water balance
FLUID COMPARTMENTS
A. INTRCELLULAR FLUID Water Intake
 Water WITHIN the cell THIRST
 65% of total body fluid  Reliable indicator of the body’s need for water
 High in potassium and phosphate  Usually oral, otherwise, intravenous
B. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
 Water OUTSIDE the cells Water Output
 35% of total body fluid URINE
 Largest output of water
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID  Normal: 600-1600mL/day or 30mL/hour
A. INTERSTITIAL FLUID FECES
 Water BETWEEN the cells  50-200mL/day
B. INTRAVASCULAR FLUID EXPIRED AIR
 Water inside the blood or blood vessels  350mL/day
C. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID PERSPIRATION
 Water found on secretions,  Varies with activity and climate
 ex. Synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, Water intake Water output
pericardial fluid Fluids 500-1700mL Urine 600-1600mL
Water in 800-1000mL Water in 50-200mL
Functions of Water food feces
1. Solvent Metabolic 200-300mL Other 850-1200mL
 For nutrients water insensible
 Helps transport both to and from body cells by fluid loss
way of the blood. Total: 1500-3000mL Total: 1500-3000mL
2. Excretes waste products from the lungs, kidneys,
and the skin. Required Water Intake
3. Catalyst  Varies on age, size, activity, environmental
 Digestion temperature, physical condition
 Absorption  Average: 13 cups for men
 Circulation  9 cups for women
4. Hydrolysis and metabolism Sources of Water in the Diet
5. Joint lubricant  Drinking water
6. Helps regulate  Beverages
 Body temperature  Fruits, vegetables, soups, milk, gelatin desserts
7. Shock absorber  Macronutient’s metabolism

1 Water and electrolytes

 Nutrition and diet therapy Lecture

Electrolytes
A.Sodium
B.Potassium
C.Chloride

Water Imbalances
1. Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
 Occurs when a person experiences vascular,
cellular, or intracellular dehydration
 Loss of solutes along with water
 Severe, when body fluid levels fall by 10% of
body weight is a medical emergency.
Causes:
 Diarrhea
 Vomiting
 High fever
 Sweating
 Using of diuretics
 Polyurea

Characteristics:
1. Infrequent urination
2. Decreased skin elasticity
3. Dry mucous membranes
4. Dry mouth
5. Unusual drowsiness6. Light headedness or
disorientation
7. Extreme thirst
8. Nausea
9. Slow or rapid breathing
10. Sudden weight loss

2. Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)

 Condition where a person experiences
increased fluid retention and edema
Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
A. EDEMA
 An excessive accumulation of fluid in interstitial
spaces caused by seepage
 Water retention of 10% more
B. Water INTOXICATION
 Consumption of large amounts of water in a
short period of time
 Dilution of electrolytes
 Muscle cramps, decreased BP, weakness

2 Water and electrolytes