IMPEDANCE CORRECTION FACTOR

TRANSFORMER VS MOTOR
TITLE PAGE

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 LIST OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................................ 1
LIST OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 4
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................................................... 5
LIST OF STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................ 6
1. VOLTAGE FACTOR (C): .................................................................................................................... 7
2. SIMULATION....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 C factor = 1.0 (User Defined) ............................................................................................................... 8
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05) .............................................................................................................. 8
Transformer .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Motor ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10) .............................................................................................................. 8
Transformer .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Motor ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 C factor = 1.05 ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05) .............................................................................................................. 9
Transformer .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Motor ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10) .............................................................................................................. 9
Transformer .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Motor ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 C factor = 1.1 ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05) ............................................................................................................ 10
Transformer ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Motor ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10) ............................................................................................................ 10
Transformer ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Motor ................................................................................................................................................... 10
3. TABULATION .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Transformer....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Motor ................................................................................................................................................. 11
4. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................... 11
5. REFERENCES:................................................................................................................................... 11

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LIST OF CONTENTSLIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 - Transformer c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.05 ............................................................................... 8
Figure 2 - Motor c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.05......................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 - Transformer c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.10 ............................................................................... 8
Figure 4 - Motor c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.10......................................................................................... 8
Figure 5 - Transformer c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.05 ............................................................................. 9
Figure 6 - Motor c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.05....................................................................................... 9
Figure 7 - Transformer c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.10 ............................................................................. 9
Figure 8 - Motor c factor =1 Z Adjustment = 1.10 ........................................................................................... 9
Figure 9 - Transformer c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.05 ............................................................................. 10
Figure 10 - Motor c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.05..................................................................................... 10
Figure 11 - Transformer c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.10 ........................................................................... 10
Figure 12 - Motor c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.10..................................................................................... 10

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Various values of Voltage factor c ...................................................................................................... 7
Table 2 Transformer Short circuit current (kA) value for various c factors ..................................................... 11
Table 3 Transformer Short circuit current (kA) value for various c factors ..................................................... 11

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATION
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

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 LIST OF STANDARDS
IEC 60909-0:2016 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems – Part 0: Calculation of currents

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1. VOLTAGE FACTOR (C):
According to IEC 60909-0:2016 “voltage factor (c) is the ratio between the equivalent voltage source
and the nominal system voltage Un divided by √3 “

Table 1 Various values of Voltage factor c

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 2. SIMULATION
2.1 C factor = 1.0 (User Defined)

Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05)

Transformer Motor

Figure 1 - Transformer c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.05 Figure 2 - Motor c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.05

Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10)

Transformer Motor

Figure 3 - Transformer c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.10 Figure 4 - Motor c factor =1.0 Z Adjustment = 1.10

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 2.2 C factor = 1.05
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05)
Transformer Motor

Figure 5 - Transformer c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.05 Figure 6 - Motor c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.05

Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10)

Transformer Motor

Figure 7 - Transformer c factor =1.05 Z Adjustment = 1.10 Figure 8 - Motor c factor =1 Z Adjustment = 1.10

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 2.3 C factor = 1.1
Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.05)
Transformer Motor

Figure 9 - Transformer c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.05 Figure 10 - Motor c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.05

Cmax for Z Adjustment (1.10)

Transformer Motor

Figure 11 - Transformer c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.10 Figure 12 - Motor c factor =1.1 Z Adjustment = 1.10

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3. TABULATION
3.1 Transformer

S.No C factor Impedance Adjustment Short circuit current(kA)

1 1.0 1.05 5.708
2 1.10 5.694
3 1.05 1.05 5.994
4 1.10 5.979
5 1.1 1.05 6.279
6 1.10 6.263
Table 2 Transformer Short circuit current (kA) value for various c factors

3.2 Motor

S.No C factor Impedance Adjustment Short circuit current(kA)

1 1.0 1.05 0.589
2 1.10 0.589
3 1.05 1.05 0.618
4 1.10 0.618
5 1.1 1.05 0.647
6 1.10 0.647
Table 3 Transformer Short circuit current (kA) value for various c factors

4. CONCLUSION
The short circuit current values of the transformer and motor are shown in tables 2 and 3 for various
c factor and Impedance adjustments. However, for a given c factor, the short circuit value in Table 3 of
motor remains the same for both Impedance tolerances. In the case of a transformer, the short circuit
current varies depending on the Impedance tolerance for a given c factor. This allows us to see that the
Impedance correction factor for motors is not considered. IEC 60909-0:2016, Article 6.1, says the
Impedance correction factor applicable elements in a power system and for the introduction of
Impedance correction factors are given in IEC TR 60909-4.

5. REFERENCES:
1. Real Time Project Training session – By Selva Kumar (Business Head of Power Projects)
2. IEC 60909-0:2016 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems – Part 0: Calculation of currents

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