ʒ.

ʑ ɆɅƐȲȴɀdž
ɭ (Design Loads)
ȹɸɈ ɮȲɃˬʒ
ŭōŹŒȆťŃŒōńǶÝćȆŹúǿōȇĜŽƫúŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿƕȍĴõș
ȆĉǿȒ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽ ŒōńǶÝŠŰŽș ōǣõŒōńǶÝ
ɆɅƐȲȴɀdžɳƙȴȠȶɆȶƀ
ɭ ɸɭ
ŸēąǼ ůĜǩ¤ àŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝņȍõƨƕșȆŐȑ ȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿŹÐŒș
ʒ.ʑ ɆɅƐɭȲȴɀdž
ȍ ȍĴõșŭōğÝșŒēĖĹȆĺ ğůŒŃğĢōƕȍĴõșȇĜŽ
ȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ƕ
ʒ.ʒ ɆɅƐɭȲɳɂɌ
ţÝșŠȱōʼn ĜǸúćŒōńǶÝƕȍĴõșƨōĺŸćĹǣ (International Building
ʒ.ʓ ɃɃȶ
ɫ Ʌȶ
ɩ ƙȲǔɵɇƐɗɃƑɈ
ɩ ɍ
Code, IBC) LjŒŃğĢōŒōńǶÝASCE 7¤
ʒ.ʔ ɆɅƐɭȲɔɳɂɌ
Ɛ
ʒ.ʑ.ʑ ƳɌɆɅƞ ɸɆɅɭ ȲɑƙNjɆɎɽ Ʉ
ɩ ɪ ASD
ʒ.ʕ ɍȲſȳɀƋNJɈƽɆ
(Load Combinations for ASD Method)
ŒōńǶÝȆśƖõȾýŎ ȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿƕȍĴõșŪǣōȇŪōŭō
ʒ.ʖ ɆɅƐɭȲƴȶ

1 2

ƨȍȆŠǿğúșȆğůȇƣÝŠǩýŎ ȆŃ ōǣõƫúŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ 1. D + F (IBC Eq. 16-8)

2. D + H + F +L + T (IBC Eq.16-9)
ĜȍķŽýŎ ¤ ȆņȑćŲȓ õķ ćňŪūļŒōńǶÝņȍõȆŐȑ ōǭõŪǣō 3. D + H + F + (Lr or S or R) (IBC Eq. 16-10)
ŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍĜȍķŽýŎ ȆőŹĹõșĹȈŪžƨĹǣŒŸŭŸŒƕș 4. D + H + F + 0.75(L T) 0.75(Lr or S or R) (IBC Eq. 16-11)
5. D + H + F + (W or 0.7E) (IBC Eq. 16-12)
ƅ¤ ŒŃğĢō IBC ōǣõŒŃğĢōƕĺ õșğŸŒōńǶÝ ASCE 7 ŭōȆŸȄŒ 6. D + H + F + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
ŻŒșŠǩàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝȆŹýȑŁŎÝșȆĜǿŪœǩȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșƕŹŭŒșÐĴŐ (IBC Eq. 16-13)
7. 0.6D + W + H (IBC Eq. 16-14)
ōǣõƕŹŭŒșÐĴŐÝǵõŹļȍõƨōǵęĖĹ ōǣõŨŠňōșÐĴŐ ŭō 8. 0.6D + 0.7E + H (IBC Eq. 16-15)
àŸÝȍĴĹșɈȈōàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝȒ àŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝŪǸŽğĢō ōǣõàŸ    ʒ.ʑ.ʒ ƳɌɆɅƞ ɸɆɅɭ ȲɑƙNjɆ Ɛ Ɏɽ Ʉ
ɩ ɪ LRFD
ŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝȆśƖõȾ¤ àŸŒōńǶÝŪǸŽğĢōŭōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŒŃğĢō (Load Combinations for LRFD Method)
IBC, Section 1605.3.1 LjŒŃğĢō ASCE 7, Section 2.4.1 àŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝƕŹŭŒș ƂǤňǩLRFD ȇĜŽŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŒŃğĢō
Ŏ ĄȍŠǸÝȆōȑ ōǣõŭōŻůĜǸúžõȆŹàŪȒ
ŹĹǹƂŕōȆŹŒǿÝǶõ ASCE 7, Section 2.3.2 ŭōŻůĜǸúžõȆŹàŪȒ

3 4
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 1. 1.4(D + F) H = ƕŭšňĜǩƕŭšňĄƀƘĺ ŃǣÝōǣõƕŭšňŒķĺ ŽŠǩ
2. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
ƕŭŦŸȒŭȓƕș
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) ǵ Ɵ ŨŠàŸŹƕÝŭĦLjƕŹŪǶĹ
T = àŸŞžƕșŒŸĺǹ ƕǩĹĴ
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
W = ŒōńǶÝŠŰŽș
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H F = ŒōńǶÝƂĹĿǶŻƂ
ȇĜŽD = ŒōńǶÝȆľŸ E = ŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ
L = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ = Eh + Ev ÝŎǶõàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝ5 ōǣõ6
Ǹ
Lr = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒŽ = Eh - Ev ÝŎǶõàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝ7 ōǣõ8
S = ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽ Eh =ȡQE = ƳŃʼnǣŠŽŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩļŪŃǣƕȆĜÝ
R = ŒōńǶÝŃǭÝȆťžȅõ Ev =0.2SDSD = ƳŃʼnǣŠŽŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩļŪŃǣƕĉŸ

5 6

ǻ ȆŽǿƕ1.0 Lj1.3
ȡ = ȆŪÐǵĴúȍōú - ȆőȆŠŽŒōńǶÝ H ŹŒĂȍ õŃŒșōǭõŒōńǶÝW LjE ÝŎǶõàŸ
SDS = ŕȓŻȔȇŪȓŹĹÐĴŐspectral response ŒōƖ ȍ7 ōǣõ8 ŹĹǹƂŕōÝȍĴĹșȆŪÐǵĴŒōńǶÝȆŽǿH Ȇƕū ǿƕǸōۤ
acceleration ŠĴȒŸůȒȆŠŽŠž ǩ - ÝŎǶõàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝ5 ōǣõ6 ȆőȆŠŽȇĜŽE
ŹÐŒșŋĹǵȈōȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ ŹĹǹƂȇĹÐĴŐƕŹŭŒșàŸŒōƖ ȍ ʒ.ʒ ɆɅƐȲɳɂɌ
ɭ (Dead Loads)
ȍ ǵŤ
ŒōńǶÝȆŹýȑŁŎÝșŒś ŒōńǶÝȆľŸ ÐDZćŃŪöōȈș ōƕŭŦŸȒȇĜŽġǣĹȆőćƨúǣȈźōĺůȟ
ɸ
ȷǁ ɺɸ ŸǻŪŒēûǹ ŽņȍõŃŪöōșŞńŽșŠžǼ ōŸŒƕșȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ ȇĜŽƅōǭõŸēąǼ ů
- ȆőȆŠŽŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽƕȍȇŒȓĹPf ” 1.44kPa ȍ ȍƣõ
ćŪǻůōǭõȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ƨ Ƕ ȆŠŽŭōŹŠǭĹà
ǣĺ ŸĴȟŸēąǼ ůĜǩȆÝǿĹ
ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŪǣōņŪņŸŒōƖ ȍćŪǻůŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ E ȆѤ Ȇő Ȇƣǿõ(seismic or earthquake event) ĜǸúŭōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŸǸŒ
ȆŠŽȇĜŽ Pf > 1.44kPa ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŹĹǭŪȇĹ 20% ŹĹǹƂŕō Ɉ.ɇ ōǣõ Ɉ.Ɉ¤ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸƫúŹĹǹƂŕōÝȍĴĹșćŪǻůŨŠŹĹǭŪ
ŒōƖ ȍćŪǻůŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ¤ ŹĹǹƂćõŹŒȆťŃŒōńǶÝȆśƖõȾȆŃȄĹȆƞǿůŪǣōȇŹŒŹŒǼŽĜǸúŒōńǶÝ

7 8
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ƨȆľŸ¤ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽ ōǣõĜȍŒŽ Ŏ ƕȍĴõșȆĉǿ
Ǹ ÐȍŸǸÝǶõ Ɛ
ƙɆɳɉɃɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌɌɆɑ ɽȲƙNjɍ
ŭōĜǸúžõȆŹàŪȒ Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽ(ƹ.ƕŭŦŸȒȇśŎÝžõȆŽǿ:Ȇĉǿ ŸǮõ
Ɛ
ƙɆɳɉɃɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌɌɆɑ ɽȼɆ
ɸ ɮɍ ȆŒĹǵõŃŪöōșŹƘŽ¤Ž¤)
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșƕŭŦȒĜȍŒǸŽ Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșŒōńȑàĺŸÝŹŭŽ
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșŒōńǶȑàĺŸĜȍŒǸŽ Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșȆŹýõ
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșȆŹýõ Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșĄęąȍõŠĴħžõÝŎǶõ(ĹȈŪžƨŒœŒŸŭÐDZ
ǵǩ Ǹƣõș
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșƨƕ  0.718kPa ŪǣōŹĹǹƂàŸȆőȆŠŽȇĜŽŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșŠǣğō ŸŒƕșňć
ȍ õ3.83kPa)
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșȆŹÐȂõȆƨƣǣúŹĹǹōǣúōǣõȆŪàōǣú(M&E) Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșŠǣğō
Ɣ ŃŪöōșŸŒƕșȆŹÐȂõȆƨƣǣúŹĹǹōǣúōǣõȆŪàōǣú(M&E)

9 10

ɌɮɆ2.1: ƙ˪ɳɉɃɆɅƐȲɳɂɌɌɆɑɽ
ɭ ȼɸɆɮɍ
ɌɮɆ2.2: ƙ˪ɳɉɃɆɅƐȲɳɂɌɌɆɑɽ
ɭ ȲƙNjɍ

11 12
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 žõȆŹàŪćàŸÐĴŐÐȍŸǸȈōŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽ ōǣõ ŃŪöōșȆŹÐȂõȆƨƣǣúŹĹǹōǣúōǣõȆŪàōǣú = 0.24kPa
ÝŹŭŽƕŹŭŒșƕȍĴõșȆĉǿÐȍŸǸȇĜŽƫúȆŹŒǿćŽȍȇĴŐȍ ĜŽș ŒōńǶÝȆľŸƕŸǵŒŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽDroof = 0.878kPa
ș ÝĜõșƕǵǩ
ÐĴŐƨŎ ݤ ÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐžõȆŹàŪ ȆůǿõƕōūĹů Ɛ
ƳɌȴɀdžȴɌɸ ɮɵɅɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌɌɆɑɽȲƙNjɍ
ȆĹŸŒƕșȆĉǿÐDZ 5.0kN/m3¤ ƕŭŦŸȒȇśŎÝžõȆŽǿÝŹŭŽ(floor covering) = 0.6kPa
Ɛ
ƳɌȴɀdžȴɌɸ ɮɵɅɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌɌɆɑɽȼɆ
ɸ ɮɍ (ƹ.ƕōūĹșÝŹŭƕș40mm ćȆŒĹǵõŹƘŽ15kN/m3)
ŃŪöōșĜȍŒǸŽ = 0.3kPa ŒōńȑàĺŸÝǵõŕžȆÝ27mm (0.015kPax9) = 0.135kPa
ŒōńȑàĺŸÝǵõŕžȆÝ12mm (0.015kPax4) = 0.06kPa ŃŪöōșȆŹýõ (ƕōūĹș) = 0.10kPa
ŃŪöōșȆŹýõ (ƕōūĹș) = 0.134kPa ŃŪöōșŠǣğō12.5mm = 0.12kPa
ŃŪöōșƨǵǩƕƣ
Ǹ õș [(0.24kPa/25mm)x2] = 0.048kPa ŃŹŪŠǣğō  = 0.03kPa
ŃŪöōșŹŒŠȱōʼnŠŰǼŸ(ȇĜÝ)  = 0.096kPa ŃŪöōșȆŹÐȂõȆƨƣǣúŹĹǹōǣúōǣõȆŪàōǣú = 0.24kPa

13 14

ŒōńǶÝĄęąȍõŠĴħžõÝŎǶõ  = 0.96kPa ĜȍŒǸŽ) ȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿŹÝƦȈśńŒõ

ž șȆĜÝȈōȈśńĜȍŒǸŽ (ŸǸŒ
ŒōńǶÝȆľŸƕŸǵŒŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽDfloor = 2.185kPa Ɉ.ɉ)¤ ŒŃğĢōƕȍĴõșŨÐȆŹúǿōśĺŽșǚŰōǸƂŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸćžŎ Ĺ
úȍķȍŁ úȍȆţȑƕȍĴõșȇĜŽŭōŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĹǸúćõ LjȆƕū ǿ kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ž șȆĜÝ ȆőȆŠŽȇĜŽŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕș
3.83kPa ȆŐȑŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșĄęąȍõŠĴħžõÝŎǶõŹĹǹƂȇĹŲȓ õ Ǹ ȆŃŸ¤ ĜǸȆúŎȑ ŒōƖ ȍ
ĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸÐǣĹžŎ Ĺ kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒŽ
ȆơúķƕșÝȫ 0.718kPa ȆƞǿůúȍȆţȑȇĜŽŭōŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸňȍ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸōǣõƨȆľŸȇĜŽŭōžŎ ĹĜǸúýŎ ŭōĜȍȆķȑŹƘůɈ:
ćõ3.83kPa ĜǸȆúŎȑŪǣōŠǣýŸķŠǩŒōńǶÝĄęąȍõŠĴħžõÝŎǶõ¤ 1. ŒȍȇŽõŒōńǶÝȆľŸŠǩžŎ Ĺ kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸ
Ɛ
ʒ.ʒ.ʑ ɆɅƞ ɸɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌ ɸ ɮ ɍɳɃɌ
ɅɩȶɔɳɂɌɳɍˊȼɆ ž șȆĜÝōǣõŒŐńŒșŪÝŒǸÝŒȇōĿŪ
ȆŇćžŎ ĹkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ȆŹţȑȇĹƕȍĴõșȆĉǿŨÐȆŹúǿōŭōĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŃŸ Ȇůǿõōǭõ ž șȆĜݤ Ȇő
ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ ȇĜŽÐǣĹćžŎ Ĺ kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ȆŸȄŒŻŒșŠǩŸȆŒȄŒŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝȆľŸȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿȈśńĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸ ȆŠŽȆŹŒǿĜȍȆķȑŹƘůȆōȑƨŎ ÝÐǻŸȇĹÝǵȍȆťžúŠǩÝŭžȍõȇĜÝ ȇĜŽ
ćŪǻůŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ(ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŒōńǶÝŃǭÝȆťžȅõLjŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ ŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆőŹĹõșĄęąȍõžõȆŹáȆúĒŠǩƕŭƕŨŠȈōŒōńǶÝ

15 16
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ȆľŸōǣõƨȆľŸȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿŹƕŒļŪȈśńĜȍŒǸŽ¤ĜǸȆúŎȑÝŭžȍõ
žõȆōȑ ŹĹǹƂȇĹŠǣýŸķÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐĄęąȍõ ōǣõÿƩǭõŠǣğō
(ceilingtie)ȇĜŽŸõōǸƂÝŭžȍõžõȆōȑ¤
ž ș
2. ŒȍȇŽõŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸȆúĒŠǩ kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
Ǹ ȆŃŸ ȆƞǿůŒŐńŒșŪÝŒǸÝ
ȆĜÝȆŇć kN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒŽ
ŒȇōĿŪŒōńǶÝȆľŸÐǣĹćžŎ ĹkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸ¤
ćňŪūļ ĄȍȆ ŸǪƕŃǩɇ ŹĹǹƂŕōȆÐȆŹŒǿŨÐȆŹúǿōÝŎǶõàŸ
Ŏ ȆŪȆŸȄōȆōȑ¤ ȆğůȆŹŒǿ
ÐĴŐćÝșȇƕĺ õ ōǣõȆŸǪƕůÝȆŹŒǿÝǶõ
ƕŪǩàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝ ȆŐȑȆůǿõŕōŒōńǶÝȆľŸŒǸÝƨȆľŸƕŸǵŒ wTL
ɌɮɆ2.3: ɆɅƐȲNjɅɔɸ ɳɈˊɳɍˊȼɸɆɮɍɳɃɌ
ÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ž șȆĜÝÐDZ
ɭ

17 18

L ɸ
ƳɌȴɀdžȲNjƚȶɳȼȲɳǷƙɁȶɽ
ȹȦ ɸ
ƅ ȶƴȶɳƙǤ
wTL = D 1 + ( Lr or S or R) (eq. 2.1)
L2 ȆğůȆňƃś
ǿ ŽŒǸÝŪȓǸŪõ
ȓ șȆňȄŒōǭõŃŹŪĄęąȍõžõȆŹá

ȇĜŽ ŸŒƕșȆŞńõŐȍ ǚŰ(ŸǸŒɈ.Ɋ)

 Ǹ ȆŃŸ
D = ŒōńǶÝȆľŸĜȍŒǸŽÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒŽ L2
− H (h) + wTL L2 =0
ž șȆĜÝ
S = ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽĜȍŒǸŽÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ 2
 ž șȆĜÝ
Lr = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒǸŽÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ ĜǸȆúŎȑÝŭžȍõȆĜÝH àžůć

ž șȆĜÝ
R = ŒōńǶÝŃǭÝȆťžȅõÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ wTL L2 ( L2 / 2)
H= (eq. 2.2)
 (ňŪūļŪǣōȆŹýȑŁŎÝșƕŹŭŒșĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸȆŃ) h
L1= ŹŒȇƂõȆŹŃĹŸŒƕșȆŞńõ
 L2= ŹŒȇƂõȇÝõŒžõșȆĜÝŸŒƕșȆŞńõ
19 20
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 Ɛ
ʒ.ʒ.ʒ ɆɅƞ ɸɆɅɭ ȲɳɂɌ ɅɩȶɔɳɂɌɳɍˊɄɊɳɊȹɳɀ
ɫƒ ˊƎ Ɍ
ȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșƕŪǩàŸ (2.1) ƕŹŭŒșàŸÐĴŐŒōńǶÝƕŸǵŒ
ŭōƨȍȆŠǿĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŃŸƫúŹĹǹƂŕōƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȆŽǿňǭŪ
Ŏ ȆŪĄȆĴĺǿŸ¤
Ŏ ȆŪĄȆĴĺŸǿ ÐDZ
ȆğůȆŹŒǿŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝÝŎǶõȇśŎÝ2.1 ŒōńǶÝƕŸǵŒȆŽǿňǭŪ

L1
wTL = D +L (eq. 2.3)
L2
ȇĜŽ 
Ǹ ȆŃŸ
D = ŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșĄȆĴĺǿŸÐǣĹćkN/m2 ŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒŽ
ž șȆĜÝ
L = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸŸŒƕșĄȆĴĺǿŸÐǣĹćkN/m2 ŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ɌɮɆ2.4: ȼǚƙƳɊ free-body ɵɅɳLjƐȶɳɃɌ
(4.8kN/m2 ȆŲõļŪŒŃğĢōIBC ļŻõ1607.1Lj
21 22

ŒŃğĢōASCE 7 ļŻõ4-1)
L1 = ŹŒȇƂõȆŹŃĹŸŒƕșȆŞńõ
 L2 = ŹŒȇƂõȇÝõŒžõșȆĜÝŒƕșȆŞńõ

ɸ ɮɍɳɃɌ
əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʑ: ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅƐɭȲɑƙNjɆɽȼɆ
ŕȓŻȔȇŪȓŹĹÐĴŐƕŹŭŒșĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŃŸŭōÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.ɋžõ
ȆŹàŪ, (a) úǸŸÐĴŐŒōńǶÝŠŹøůƕŸǵŒ ōǣõÝŭžȍõàĹș ōǣõ
ŪȓǸŪȓõșƨĹǣŒŸŭȆŽǿȆŞńõ¤ (b) úǸŸÐĴŐÝŭžȍõȆĜÝȆŽǿĄęąȍõ
žõȆŹá¤
ɌɮɆ2.5: ɈɸɅɭɹƳɁɽɵɅɔƵɌƺɊɯɋȼɸɆɮɍɳɃɌ

23 24
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ƒɫ ɳɊȹɳɀƎˊɌ
əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʒ: ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅƐɭȲɑƙNjɆɽɄɊ
Ŏ 
úǸŸÐĴŐŒōńǶÝȆľŸŒǸÝōǭõƨȆľŸƕŸǵŒŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿňǭŪ
ȆŪĄȆĴĺǿŸ ȆğůƕōūĹșŁŒōńǶÝȆľŸ 2.39kPa ōǣõŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ
3.788kPa¤ Œžõŕ
ș Ĺ ōǣõŸůȒÝŪšƕŸș ŒƕșĄȆĴĺǿŸŭōŒøƟĒ
ÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.Ɍ¤
ʒ.ʓ ɃɃɫȶ ɅɩȶƙȲǔɌȶɆɅƐȲ
ɭ
(Tributary Width and Area)
ÝŎǶõúȍĴǵúȆōȑ ȆůǿõȇĴŐȍ ŠǩÐȍōǣĹŸŒƕșŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝ
ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝ(ŸǸŒɈ.ɍ)¤ ÐȍōǣĹȆōȑ ȆŹŒǿȆĜǿŪœǩÐĴŐàŸ
ȇŒõȇúÝŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽōǣõĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŇȆŽǿŋĹǵȈōȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ
ɌɮɆ2.6: ˪ƚȶLJ
ɽ Ɂ Ʌȶ
ɩ ɌɋɺȲɊƕɑɽɌɆɑɽȹɳɀƎˊɌ
25 26

Ŏ  LjňŎǭŪȆŪŹĹǹƂŕōÝȍĴĹșćŃŃǭõ
ŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝ (TW) ŸŒƕșňǭŪ ȇĜŽŠȱŃʼnĄǵȍ ƂǤĒƕƕŸ¤úȍķȍŁƕƕŸŪǣōŭōŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝȆŃ
ȈōÝŹŭŽ LjĜȍŒǸŽȇĜŽŹŃȆğůňŎǭŪ ōǣõȆƕū ǿōõ
ǭ śŽŒǸÝȈō ŭōȇĹŹŒƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶݤ
úŭöůţÝșÝķĺ ŽȈōňŎǭŪƘĺ ȍ ȈĜ ŒǸÝōǭõúŭöůţÝșÝķĺ Ž
ȆŃȄĹȈōňŎǭŪȆÿƃõȈĜ¤ĜǸȆúŎȑŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝć
TW = 1/2 (úŭöůňŎǭŪƘĺ ȍ ȈĜ)+ 1/2(úŭöůňŎŪ
ǭ ȆÿƃõȈĜ)
Ŏ  LjƕƕŸćŹÝƦȈśńÝŹŭŽ
ŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșňǭŪ
Ŏ  ŹÝƦȈśń
LjĜȍŒǸŽȇĜŽŹŃȆğůƨõÞĹșȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ¤ ƕŹŭŒșňǭŪ
Ŏ ¤
ŸõŒōńǶÝćàŸÐǵĴŹŒȆƀȑȇŽƃõ ōǣõŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșňǭŪ
ƕŹŭŒșƕƕŸƂǤĒ ƅćŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ž ȇș ĜŽÝȍĴĹșŹŠȍȇĜōȆğů
ȇŠƖŒŐńĹșȇĜŽƕĿ ǣĹȆőŹĹõșúŭöůţÝșÝķĺ ŽƕƕŸĄǣĹýŎ
ɌɮɆ2.7: ɃɃȶ
ɫ Ʌȶ
ɩ ƙȲǔɵɇƐɌȶɆɅƐȲ
ɭ
27 28
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʓ: ƳɌȴɀdžɃɃȶ
ɫ Ʌȶ
ɩ ƙȲǔɵɇƐɌȶɆɅƐɭÝ
úǸŸÐĴŐŃŃǭõŸõŒōńǶÝ ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝȈōŸōǸĹ
ňŎǭŪōǣõƕƕŸÝŎǶõŒžõȆș ŹýõȇĜŽŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.Ɏ¤
ʒ.ʔ ɆɅƐȲɔɳɂɌ
ɭ (Live Loads)
ŹÐŒșƂĹĿǶŪǣōŨąŒș Ÿõ ȍ ňŪūļ
Ǯ ȆŇōǭõȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ć ŹĹǹƂŕō
ýĹșŁ
 Ŏ Ýșć ɆɅƐɭȲɔɳɂɌ ¤ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸćÝŭžȍõŃȍŐĒŪǣōȆŃȄõ
ņĹșŭōŸůȒȆŠŽŠž ǩ ȇĜŽƫúȇŹŒŹŒǼŽļŪƫȍ õĹõșƕǵǩȆĹ
Ǹ 
ōǣõŃǩļȍõ¤ŭōŹŒȆťŃŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸƕȍžōșɉ: ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒŽ
(Lr) ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽ (S) ōǣõŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸÝŹŭŽ (L)¤ ŒōńǶÝŃǭÝ
Ǹ śõȇĜŸŒȓǵȇōĺƅÝŹŪŒõÞȆŹýȑ
Ȇťžȅõ(R) ÝȫćŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒŽ
ɌɮɆ2.8: ˪ƚȶɳɽ ƙƵȶȲƙNjɍ
29 30

ŁŎÝș ȆŒǿȆňȄŒōǭõŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒǸŽ ōǣõŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽ ŠǩȆŹţȑŨÐ ƨȆľŸňȍćõĹȈŪžȇĜŽǚŰÝŎǶõŒŃğĢōŕō ŒȓǵȇōĺōǭõŐȍ ǚŰĹȈŪž

ȆŹúǿōÝŎǶõƕȍĴõșȆĉǿćĜȍŒǸŽȆŃŸ¤ ćňŪūļ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸņȍõ ƕȍĴõșàōșȇĹȈľž¤
ȆŐȑ ŭōŒęąÝșÝǶõ
Ŏ ŒŃğĢō IBC ōǣõŒŃğĢōŒōńǶÝƕĺ õșğŸ Ɛ
ʒ.ʔ.ʑ ɆɅɭ ȲɔɳɂɌȼɆɸ ɮ ɍ (Roof Live Load)
ASCE 7¤ ƫȍ õĹõșƕǵǩȆĹȈōŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸƫŹƕȱůȆŽǿŪǵŠøŸ ș ŒÝŸĴȟ ōǣõŒǵÐŽ
ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒǸŽ ȆÝǿĹȆƣǿŠǩŃŪöōƹ ð ǣÝ
ōǣõàŸȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșȈōȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝȈōŋĹǵȈō ȇľņȍ ƨȍƣǶõȆŠŽĄǻƕĄǵŽĜȍŒǸŽ¤ ƫȍ õĹõșƕǵǩȆĹćƨōǵÐŪōȟ
Ŏ ŒŃ
ȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍȆŹàŪàŸŠǣýŸķ¤ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸȇĜŽŒęąÝșÝǶõ ȈōĄŹŭŽĜȍŒǸŽ ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșŋĹǵȈōȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ
ğĢōIBC ōǣõASCE 7 ŭōžŎ ĹkN/m2 ȇÝõŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ž șȆĜÝ ȆŹàŪàŸŠǣýŸķ¤ ŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝàōșȇĹňȍ ȆŐȑŒõÞǚŰàŸ
ŒȓǵȇōĺÐǻŸÝĹșúȍķȍŁŒŃğĢōÝȫŭōŒęąÝșŠŒ
ǩ ōńǶÝƨȆľŸŹŒŪǸŽśȍǶĺ Ǹ àōșȇĹĹǸú¤
ÐĴŐŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸĜȍŒŽ
Ŏ ŒŃğĢōćĹȈŪžƨŒœ
śõȇĜŸ (kN)¤ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸȇĜŽŒęąÝșÝǶõ ƕŹŭŒșĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ƕȍȇŒȓĹňŪūļ(ȇŃŻȔƕș) ĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŃŸ ĜȍŒǸŽ
ŒŸŭȆƞǿůŭûƕșƕĴ
ȍ õșƫúƕȆŹŪúȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșĹȈŪžŒōńǶÝ ȆàõŒŃğĢōŒōńǶÝƕĺ õșğŸASCE 7 ŒøƟĒŠǩàŸÐĴŐŒōńǶÝ

31 32
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ƨȆľŸĜȍŒǸŽć(ÐǣĹćkN/m2) F = ȆŪÐǵĴĄŹŭŽ
Lr = 0.958R1R2 (eq. 2.4) =0.12 x ș
0.58 ч Lr ч 0.96
= śŽȆňȄŒÝŪšƕș/ŹŒȇƂõÐǵĴōǭõ32 ƕŹŭŒșĜȍŒǸŽ
ȇĜŽ
ƳōʼnōǸLjȆğŪ
­1 for At ≤18.58m 2
° 2 2
Ǹ ÐǣĹćĜDZȆŹÝ(Degree)
ș = ĄŹŭŽĜȍŒŽ
R1 = ®1.2 − 0.011At for 18.58m < At < 55.74m
At = ŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝ
° 0.6 for At ≥ 55.74m 2
¯ ɮ
əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʔ: ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅƐɭȲȼɸɆɍ

­1 for F ≤ 4 ƕŹŭŒșŒõ
ž șĜȍŒǸŽŭōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõƹņƞŸĴȟɈ.ɉ Ȇğů
° Ǹ  0.479kPa ȆƞǿůĜȍŒǸŽƕȍȇŒȓĹȆŐȑ
ƕōūĹșŁŒōńǶÝȆľŸĜȍŒŽ
R2 = ®1.2 − 0.05 F for 4 < F < 12
° 0.6 for F ≥12 ŭōĄŹŭŽĜȍŒǸŽ1cm/4m ƕŹŭŒșŒõƟǹŸŃǭݤÐĴŐŒōńǶÝ
¯
33 34

žõȆŹàŪȆğůȆŹŒǿàŸŒōƖ ȍŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșŒŃğĢōIBC¤ ȇĜŽ Ce = ȆŪÐǵĴŃǩļȍõASCE 7 Table 7-2

(a) ŒōńǶÝŠŹøůƕŸǵŒȆŽǿŸōǸĹJ2 (kN/m) (b) ŒōńǶÝŠŹøů Ct = ȆŪÐǵĴÝȍȆĠASCE 7 Table 7-3
ƕŸǵŒȆŽǿňǭŪ û ƕŸǵŒȆŽǿƕƕŸ C1
Ŏ  G1 (kN/m) (c) ŒōńǶÝúȍśǣĹ Cs = ȆŪÐǵĴĄŹŭŽĜȍŒǸŽASCE 7 Table 7-3
(kN)¤
I = ȆŪÐǵĴƕȍžōșASCE 7 Table 7-4
Ɛ
ʒ.ʔ.ʒ ɆɅɭ ȲƙɈɩɍ (Snow Load)
Pg = ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŪǸŽğĢōASCE 7 Table 7-2
ŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽÐĴŐȆŽǿĜȍŒǸŽĄȆŹŪŸPs ÐDZŃŃǻŽŕōŠǩŒŃ
ğĢōŒōńǶÝASCE 7 ĜǸúžõȆŹàŪȒ ɸ Ce
ǂǍȶ2.1: ɳɊȴɭɀɃɪǂȶ

Ps = CsPf kN/m2 (eq. 2.5)

Ǹ ƕȍȇŒȓĹ
ōǣõŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽȆŽǿĜȍŒŽ
Pf = 0.7CeCtIPg kN/m2 (eq. 2.6)
35 36
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ǂǍȶ2.2: ɳɊȴɭɀȲɸɳǮ Ct ɸ ɮɍ
ɩ ɳɍˊȼɆ
əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʕ: ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅƐɭȲƙɈɍ
Ǹ ĄȆŹŪŸ (6:12)
ƨýŸŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.ɏ ŭōȆŞńõĜȍŒŽ
ȇĜŽŭōÐŭžĹ1.2m ÐǣĹŠǩƨȱÝƖȆƞǿůŭōƕĿ ǣĹȆőÝŎǶõĹȍŒōș
Lowville, New York ¤ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽ 0.48kPa Ȉō
ŹÝƦȈśńĄŹŭŽ¤ ƕōūĹșŁĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ơŽȆťžȅõņȍõŹƕõ
Ƕ  ōǣõ
ǂǍȶ2.3: ɳɊȴɭɀɑɸƴɅɽ I ŹŒȆťŃĹȍŒōș C ōǣõȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŪǸŽğĢōůÝŠǩȇśōŃǩ
ŹŠǣŽŸŒƕșŸĜĢȆĜǿŪœǩŃŃǻŽŕōĹȈŪžŒōńǶÝŹŠǣŽŪǸŽğĢō¤
ž șȆĜÝȆğů
úǸŸÐĴŐ(a) ŒōńǶÝŠŹøůƕŸǵŒ(kN/m) ȆŽǿŒõ
ȆŹŒǿŒŃğĢōIBC (b) ÝŭžȍõàĹșōǣõŪȓǸŪȓõƨ
ș ĹǣŒŸŭŸŒƕșȆŞńõ
ĜȍŒǸŽ¤

37 38

ȆƞǿůćňŪūļƫúŸÝŕōÝŎǶõŒŃğĢō IBC Table 1607.1 Lj

ASCE 7 Table 4-1¤ ÝŭžȍõŃȍŐĒņȍõȆŐȑ ćŒōńǶÝŠŹøů
Ȇƕū ǿÐǣĹćkN/m2 ȈōŹÝƦȈśńŒõ
ž șȆĜÝLjŒōńǶÝŹŒŪǸŽśĺǶȍ ÐǣĹć
kN¤ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸŠŹøůȆƕū ǿ ōǣõŹŒŪǸŽśĺǶȍ ÐDZŪǣōƨōǵƂĹĺōȟ
ĜȍķŽýŎ ȆŃ ȆƞǿůÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐćÝșȇƕĺ õ ŒōńǶÝŠŹøů
Ȇƕū ǿȆŹýȑŁŎÝșŒ(ŽǵŒ) Ȇƕń ǿŸȇĹŻŽșȆŠŽ ȆŽǿÝȇŽõȇĹÝŎǶõ
ɌɮɆ2.9: ȼɸɆɮɍȹƙNjɍ
ÝŸĴǩĜǸúćÝŹŭŽŠĴħȆƕĺ ǿõȇĜŽŒōńǶÝŹŒŪǸŽśĺƫ
Ƕȍ úŒõÞǚŰ
Ɛ ɽȲƙNjɍ (Floor Live Load)
ŭōƘĿ ōŨŠȆŹýȑŁŎÝșćõȇĜŽŒķĺ ŽŠǩÝŭžȍõśǵõ¤ŒōńǶÝ
ʒ.ʔ.ʓ ɆɅɭ ȲɔɳɂɌɌɆɑ
ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽƫŹƕȱůȆŽǿàŸȆŹŒǿŹŕƕș ōǣõ
ƨȆľŸŹŒŪǸŽśĺȍȇǶ ĹõȇĹȆŹýȑŁŎÝșŒś
ȍ ǵĹÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐĄȍơōĄ
ŪǵŠàŸȈōȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝȈōƨõÞĹșȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ
ȆĴĺǿŸ¤

39 40
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸƨŒœŒŸŭŭōȆőÝŎǶõļŻõɈ.Ɋ¤ ǂǍȶ2.4: ɁɵɊƚɔ˪ƓɆɌNjɵɅɆɅƐȲɔɳɂɌɈƙƷɋɳɑƗ
ɭ ˊ Ʌȶ
ɩ ƙ˪ɊɮɍɇƎɸ ɭ
ǂǍȶ2.4: ɁɵɊƚɔ˪ƓɆɌNjɵɅɆɅƐȲɔɳɂɌɈƙƷɋɳɑƗ
ɭ ˊ Ʌȶ
ɩ ƙ˪ɊɮɍɇƎɸ ɭ

41 42

ƳɌƳɁɆ
ɽ Ʌɋ Ɛ
Ə ɆɅɭ ȲɔɳɂɌɌɆɑɽȲƙNjɍ = 4 ƕŹŭŒșƕƕŸžõÝŎǶõōǣõȆŹáȇĜŽýū ōÝŹŭŽ
ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸàĹșŒōĿůŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽL ÐǣĹćkN/m2 ÐDZ ŠĴħŽů
§ 4.57 · = 3 ƕŹŭŒșƕƕŸžõȆÝȄōȇĜŽŭōÝŹŭŽŠĴħŽů
L = L0 ¨ 0.25 + ¸ (eq. 2.7)
¨ K LL AT ¸ = 2 ƕŹŭŒșƕƕŸȆőŹĄǶõȇÝõȇĜŽŭōÝŹŭŽŠĴħ
© ¹
L ш 0.50L0 ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșȇĜŽŹŃōǸƂÝŹŭŽŪǻůćōș ňŎǭŪȆÝȄōýū ōÝŹŭŽŠĴħňŎǭŪžõÝŎǶõ

(ƹ.ÝŹŭŽŠĴħōǣõňŎǭŪ) AT = śŽŒǸÝȈōŹÝƦȈśńŸõŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽȇĜŽŹŃ

L ш 0.40L0 ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșȇĜŽŹŃōǸƂÝŹŭŽŠǩŸLj Ǹ
ȆğůƨõÞĹș ŪǣōÐǣĹŒēûǹ ŽņȍõŹÝƦȈśńĜȍŒŽ

ȆŹúǿōćōș(ƹ.ƕƕŸ) Ɣ ƕŹŭŒșňǭŪ
Ŏ  (ŸǻŪŒēûǹ ŽņȍõňŎǭŪćŒș) AT ćŃŃǭõŸõ

ȇĜŽL0 = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸŪǣōņōșàĹșŒōĿůůÝŠǩļŻõɈ.Ɋ Ŏ ÐǵĴōǭõŹŒȆƀȑȇŽƃŠƨ

ŒōńǶÝŸŒƕșňǭŪ ǩ ȱÝƖĜŽșƨȱÝƖŸƅõŃŹŪ¤

KLL =ȆŪÐǵĴŋĹǵŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ Ɣ ƕŹŭŒșÝŹŭŽŠĴħɇŃǣƕAT ŹĹǹƂĹǸúćõLjȆƕū ǿ1.5

43 44
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
ÐǵĴōǭõL2 (ŹŒȆƀȑȇŽƃõȈōÝŹŭŽŠĴħɇŃǣƕ)¤
Ɣ ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșȇĜŽŹŃŹÝƦȈśńÝŹŭŽȆŹúǿōćõɇćōș
ÝŎǶõƨýŸȆŹúǿōćōș AT 朎ŒǸÝȈōŹÝƦȈśńÝŹŭŽņȍõƨƕș
ȇĜŽŹŃȆğůƨõÞĹșȆŐȑ¤
ŒŃğĢōIBC ōǣõASCE 7 ŪǣōƨōǵęĖĹǚŰàĹșŒōĿůŒōńǶÝ
ƨȆľŸŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽƕŹŭŒșÝŹŭŽȇĜŽȆśńȅõŞńĹșŽÝšŠĴħɇ
ȈōŽÝšŠĴħćȆŹúǿōžõȆŹàŪȒ
Ɣ KLLAT ” 37.16m2
Ɣ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸŸŒƕșÝŹŭŽL0 > 4.8kN/m2
Ǹ ćõƘ
Ɣ ÝŹŭŽȇĜŽŭōŪǵŠøŸȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșĜú ĺ Ĺ
ƘŽŹŒĄǵȍ ōǣõŲōğĢōŸľůōĺĹú
Ǹ  ŠǩȆŹţȑťƂōǩůŨŠŠš ƕȈș ō
ŒōńǶÝȆŽǿƕÝȍĴĹș¤
Ɣ úȍȆţȑÝŹŭŽŲōğĢōŸľůōĺƨŎÝĜȍȆĴǿŸ ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ
ƫúàĹșŒōĿůŕō 20% ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșȇĜŽŹŃÝŹŭŽɈ Lj
ȆŹúǿōćōș¤
ʒ.ʕ ɍȲſȳɀƋNJɈƽɆ (Deflection Criteria)
àŸÝȍĴĹșŽÝšŠĴħȆŽǿŨŠğŒŒķĺ ŽŠǩŒōńǶÝŃȍŐĒÐDZ
ǵ ŽŨŠƨŎ ÝȆŹŒǿŹŕƕș ōǣõȆĜǿŪœǩàŸţŸ
ȆĜǿŪœǩŋŐǚŰŕōƕǵŠŭ
ƘŎ ŪȆŹŒȑňȍȈōŠǣğō ōǣõĄęąȍõȆƘťĴħŨŠ (architectural
partition)¤ćňŪūļŽÝšŠĴħŨŠğŒņȍõȆŐȑÐDZÝȍĴĹșȆŽǿ

45 46

ŹŒȆƀȑȇŽƃõŸōǸĹ LjňŎǭŪ ȆƞǿůŨŠğŒƫúÐĴŐȇśƩÝȆŽǿ ŒȆŹŪǿŒŹŭƕșƕöǼĹ

àŸƂŨ
Ǥ ÐȆƨƦƕń ǣúŸŒƕșƨõÞĹșȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ¤ ŨŠğŒƨōǵęĖĹ Ŏ
= 1.0 ƕŹŭŒșȆĉǿŹƕƕșLjƕöǼ ĹȇĜŽȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșÝǶõ
Ŏ ŒŃğĢō I BC Table 1604.3 ŭōĜǸú
ƨĹǣŒŸŭŭōȇĴŐȍ ÝǶõ ŽÝšŠĴħŒȆŹŪǿŒŹŭƕșȆƕǿŪ
žõȆŹàŪȒ D = ŒōńǶÝȆľŸ
L
ŨŠğŒƨōǵęĖĹƨĹǣŒŸŭŒõÞŠǩŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸδ LL ≤ LL = ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ(ƹ.ŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸÝŹŭŽŒōńǶÝƨȆľŸ
360
ŨŠğŒƨōǵęĖĹƨĹǣŒŸŭŒõÞŠǩŒōńǶÝȆľŸ ŒǸÝōǣõƨȆľŸ ĜȍŒǸŽŒōńǶõŹŠǣŽLjŒōńǶÝŃǭÝȆťžȅõ)
ƕŸǵŒ L L = ŹŒȆƀȑȇŽƃõŸōǸĹLjňŎǭŪ
δ kD + LL ≤
240 ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșȇĜŽŹŃōǸƂĄęąȍõƳĜĢ ŨŠğŒƨōǵęĖĹ
ȇĜŽ k = ȆŪÐǵĴŸǻĒƘúș Ǹ ćõȆÐȈō L/600 Lj
ŒōńǶÝƕŸǵŒ ÐǻŸȇĹŪǣōŹĹǹƂňȍćõȈōĹȈŪžĹú
Ŏ ŽÝšŠĴħ
= 0.5 ƕŹŭŒșȆĉǿƕöǼĹȇĜŽȆŹŒǿŹŕƕșÝǶõ 9.5mmȆĜǿŪœǩàĹșŒōĿůƘŎ ŪȆŹŒȑŸŒƕșĄęąȍõƳĜĢ¤

47 48
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ƕŹŭŒșƨõÞĹșśŽǣĹŹƘŒș ćňŪūļŹĹǹƂŕōŒȆøÞ õȆŽǿȆĜǿŪœǩ ŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșȇĜŽÝȍĴĹșÝǶõ
Ŏ ŒŃğĢōŒōńǶÝ ASCE 7 ŭōȆÝǿĹ
ĄǻůŃŒșŨŠğŒƕŸǵŒ¤ ćŃǸȆŇ ĹȈŪžŒȆøÞ õȆŽǿćŨПůȈō Ȇƣǿõśńō
Ǽ ȾúȆŐžȑȆŠŽ50ĂŎȍȆƞǿůŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ ƂǤĒŭōȆÝǿĹ
ŒōńǶÝȆľŸȆĜǿŪœǩàŸţŸàŸŒȆøÞ õƞǻƕÝȍĴĹș¤ Ȇƣǿõśńō
Ǽ ȾúȆŐžȑȆŠŽ 2500ĂŎȍ¤ ƕŹŪŒșàŸÐĴŐƕȍĴõș
ʒ.ʖ ɆɅƐȲƴȶ
ɭ (Lateral Loads) ȆśƖõȾ ņȍõŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ ōǣõŒōńǶÝŠŰŽș ŹĹǹƂȇĹȆśńȅõŞńĹș
ŒōńǶÝžõȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿƕȍĴõșȆĉǿŭōɈŹŒȆťŃ ȆĜǿŪœǩÝȍĴĹșŁŪǻůķŭōƳŃʼnǣŠŽȆŹýȑŁŎÝșžž ȍõćõȆФ ÐǸŸ
ƕȍžōșȾÐDZŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșōǣõŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩ¤ŒōńǶÝņȍõɈŭōŨŠ ÝĹșúȍķȍŁ ȆņȑćÝŎǶõÝŸĴǩȇĜŽŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩŭōƳŃʼnǣŠŽ
ȈúĜōŰ ōǣõĦǩķŪǵú Ǥ ōƘŪēĖȇĜŽȆŹŒǿ
ǣ ļŪňŪūļ Œȓǵȇōĺ Ƃŋ ȆŹýȑŁŎÝșȆŽǿàŸÐĴŐņȍõŹƕõ
Ƕ ȈōŹŒŠȱōʼnŃŒșŃŽșÝŭžȍõžõ
ĜȍȆķȑŹƘůŒōńǶÝƘ Ŏ ŒŃ
ĺ ŃǣúƕŪŪǸŽŹĹǹƂŕōŒȆõÞǿĹȆƣǿÝǶõ ÝŎǶõƕȍĴõșÝȫȆğů ŒȓǵȇōĺŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșȆőȇĹŒõÞȆŹýȑŁŎÝș
ğĢō IBC ōǣõ ASCE 7 ƕŹŭŒșàŸÐĴŐÝŭžȍõžõƕŸǵŒ ƕŹŭŒșÝŭžȍõŸǵĒȆƣǿõ(uplift force)ȆŽǿĜȍŒǸŽ¤
ȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿƕĴ
ȍ õșŒõÞŠǩŒōńǶÝņȍõȆŐȑ¤ŒōńǶÝŠŰŽș

49 50

Ɛ
ʒ.ʖ.ʑ ɆɅɭ ȲȳƘɍɽ (Wind load)
ŭōŹŒȆťŃŹŒŠȱōʼnɈÝŎǶõȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍƕȍĴõșƕŹŭŒșŒōńǶÝ
ŠŰŽșŹĹǹƂŕōÐĴŐȒ ŹŒŠȱōʼnŃŒșŃŽșÝŭžȍõŠŰŽșúȍŒõ (main
wind force-resisting system, MWFRS) ōǣõ component
and cladding (C&C)¤MWFRS ŭōƕǵƂĹĿŨ
ǣ ŠȆśńŸŒōńǶÝŠŰŽș
ŸŒƕșƕĴ
ȍ õșņȍõƨƕșȆŇĜǩȆúĒŠǩōǩƂǸȆȔ śƖõȾýŎ ȈōƕȍĴõș¤
ƹņƞŸĴȟ ĄęąȍõŃŒșÝŭžȍõžõ (shear wall) ȆŹýõŠŹõõ
ǭ 
(braced frame) ȆŹýõŪȓǸŪȓõș (moment frame) ōǣõŋĹǵ
ŠŹõǭõȆĜÝ(diaphragm) ŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽ ōǣõÝŹŭŽȆƞǿůŋĹǵ
ŒõðǶ ȍņȍõȆŐȑćŃǸȆŇŹƕŒļŪŃǣƕȆĠȈōÝŭžȍõŠŰŽș¤
51
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
Component and cladding (C&C) ćƨõÞĹș LjŸŕŸ
ȇĜŽŸõŒōńǶÝ ĜǸúćƕŭƕŨŠğúșȆğůȇƣÝ ćŪǻůŒōńǶÝ
ŠŰŽșȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȇÝõōǭõƨõÞĹșņȍõȆŐȑ¤ ƹņƞŸĴȟȒ ŸǻŪ
ŭō Ąęąȍõ cladding ĜȍŒǸŽ ÝŭžȍõȆŽǿÝƕƕŸȆƣǿõ ōǣõ
ƕŭŦŸȒŹŒÝșĜȍŒǸŽ¤ ćŃǸȆŇ ƕŭšňŠŰŽșȆŽǿ C&C ňȍćõ
MWFRS ¤ ƕŭšňŠŰŽșćƨōǵÐŪōȟȈōŹÝƦȈśńŠŰŽșƳŃʼnǣŠŽ
Ae ȇĜŽŭōǚŰÝŎǶõŒŃğĢōIBC ÐDZ
( span of member) 2
Ae = ( span of member)(tributary width) ≥ (eq. 2.8)
3
úȍȆţȑcladdingŹÝƦȈśńŠŰŽșƳŃʼnǣŠŽAe ŹĹǹƂȇĹŪǣō
ȆŽǿƕŠǩŹÝƦȈśńȇĜŽŒēąǹ ōȆŇȆŽǿcladdingōǩŪǻůȾ¤
52
 ÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐƕŭšňŠŰŽș ƕŭšňƂǤĄŭ
ą ōŹĹǹŕōŒøƟĒ ƕŭšňŠŰŽșȆĜÝ ōǣõĉŸƕǵŃʼn ȆŽǿŹÝƦȈśńȇÝõžõȆŹáȈō
ȆğůÝŭžȍõãŸǵĒå ȆŽǿȈśńĄęąȍõLjȈśńĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ōǣõƕŭšňŠŰŽș ƕȍĴõș¤ƕŭšŠŠŰŽșŃŃǻŽŕōŠǩŒŃğĢōASCE 7 Figure 6-
ƨƂĄ
Ǥ ŭ
ą ōŒøƟĒćÝŭžȍõãņĒå ȆúĒŠǩȈśńĄęąȍõLjĜȍŒǸŽ¤ 2 ƕŹŭŒș MWFRS ōǣõASCE 7 Figure 6-3 ƕŹŭŒș C&C¤
ƕŭšňŠŰŽșÐĴŐƨŒœŒŸŭƕŹŭŒș MWFRS ōǣõ C&C ÐDZ ƂǤňƘ
ǩ ŪēĖ ƫúƨōǵƂĹĺōȟŕō ŽǵȑŹļȇĹȆśńȅõŞńĹșŽÝšŠĴħ
0.479kPa (IBC Section 1609.1.2)¤ ņȍõƨƕșžõȆŹàŪȒ
Ɛ
ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅɭ ȲȳƘɍ ɽ (Wind Load Calculation) Ɣ ƕȍĴõșƘŪēĖ (ƹ.ŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșȆśńŸļŪŋĹǵȆĜÝŸŒƕș
ŭōƂǤňɉ
ǩ  ƕŹŭŒșÐĴŐŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșȆŽǿƕȍĴõș ōǣõ ÝŹŭŽōǣõĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ȆŇŹŒŠȱōʼnŃŒșÝŭžȍõŠŰŽșúȍŒõșŒēĊŸ)
ȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍȆśƖõȾ ȇĜŽŕōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŒŃğĢōŒōńǶÝ ASCE 7 Ɣ ƕȍĴõșŒǣŃĄǣĹ (ƹ. ŪǣōŭōŹŒȆơõúȍƞňȍȆőȆŽǿ
ŭōĜǸúžõȆŹàŪȒ ȇśŎÝȈōƕȍĴõș)
1. ɎɄ
ɩ ǒ Ǥ ǩŃǩɇ): ȆŹŒǿŹÝƦȈśńȇÝõćŪǻůōǭõ
ɪ Ɋȥƈ (Ƃň Ɣ ÝŪšƕșĜȍŒǸŽŪňŰŪȈōƕȍĴõș” 18.28m

53 54

Ɣ ƕȍĴõșƕǵǩȆŪŹŃǩ ŠŰŽșŒÝșŪÝȆŽǿ (windward wall) ōǣõƕŭšňƨƂĄ

Ǥ ŭ
ą ō Lj
Ɣ ƕȍĴõșȇĜŽŭōÝŪšƕșĜȍŒǸŽŪňŰŪ”ŹŒȇƂõĹǸú ƕŭšňŹƕǹŒ/ŒDZĹ ƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȆŽǿĄęąȍõȆŹàŪŠŰǶŽș (leeward
ćõȆÐȈōƨýŸ wall)¤
Ɣ ƕȍĴõșýū ōĹȍĴ ŸǪÝŸǻŪ 3. ɎɄ
ɩ ɪɈɩɳǒɄɅɿȳƘɍɽ(ƂǤňǩŃǩɉ)
2. ɎɄ ɩ
ɩ ɪɎNJȴ (ƂǤňǩŃɈ
ǩ ): ƕŭšňŠŰŽșŭōƨȍȆŠǿȇÝõōǭõȈśń Ɣ ŹŒƕǣōȆŒǿ Ƃň
Ǥ ǩŃǩɇ LjŃǩɈ ŪǣōƫúȆŹŒǿŕō ƂǤŋō
ĄęąȍõžõȆŹáōǣõĜȍŒǸŽ¤ ŠǣȆƘňōȟŠŰŽș(wind tunnel procedure) ŹĹǹƂȇĹȆŹŒǿ¤
Ǥ Ð (analytical method) ƫúƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȆŽǿ
Ɣ ƂǤňǩ ƂŨ ƂǤŋōŠǣȆƘňōȟŠŰŽș ÐDZȆŹŒǿƕŹŭŒșȆŸȄõŻŽșƕȍĴõș
ƕȍĴõșȇĜŽŭōŻõňŪūļ (ȆŪǿŽ ASCE 7 Section 6-2) Šš ƕșȾōǣõƕȍĴõșȇĜŽŭōÝŪšƕ/ș ŹŒȇƂõŠž ǩňȍćõ5¤
ȇĜŽŪǣōŸõÝŭžȍõŠŰŽșŪǣōňŪūļĜǸúćƨȍȆŠǿȈōŠŰŽșÝǻú¤ ǩ ŪēĖ(ƂǤňǩŃǩɇ)ŹĹǹƂŕōȆŹŒǿ¤
ÝŎǶõȆŪȆŸȄōȆōȑƂǤňƘ
Ǥ ǩ ƂŨ
Ɣ ÝŎǶõ Ƃň Ǥ ÐƕŭšňƂǤĄŭ
û ōƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȆŽǿĄęąȍõŸõ

55 56
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 ɎɄ
ɩ ȴɀdžɆɅ
ɪ Ɛ
ɭ ȲȳƘɍɽ ǒɊȥƈ (ɎɄ
ɩ Ƀ
ɪ ɪʑ ɑƙNjɆɽ ŽůȆúĒŠǩASCE 7 Figure 6-2¤
ɸ
ɑɀ ɽ
ȶɔƵɌDŽɆʉ) ƂǤňƘ
ǩ ŪēĖ (ƂǤňǩŃɇ
ǩ ) ƕŹŭŒșàŸÐĴŐŒōńǶÝŠŰŽșŭō
ǩ ŪēĖȆōȑÝŭžȍõŠŰŽșƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȇÝõōǭõŹÝƦȈśń
ÝŎǶõ ƂǤňƘ ƨōǵƂĹĺōȟļŪĄȍơōžõȆŹàŪȒ
ŒēĊŸ (VPA) ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńȆśĺÝ (HPA) ȈōƨýŸ¤ ĜųŹàŪ 1. ÝȍĴĹșȆŽœȂōŠŰŽșƨōǵƂĹĺōȟ ƕŹŭŒșŃǩļȍõƕȍĴõș
ƕŭšňŠŰŽșƕŹŭŒș WMFRS ŭōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.ɇɆ¤ ȆúĒŠǩASCE 7 Figure 6-1¤
ƕŭšňȆĜÝćŒōƖ ȍƕŭšňŸǵĒ ōǣõŒDZĹ ćŪǻůƕŭšňžõÝŎǶõ 2. ÐĴŐÝŪšƕșĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ŪňŰŪ ōǣõÝȍĴĹșŹŒȆťŃĹȍŒōș
ȇĜŽƫúȆýŽŕō ƕŭšňŒēĊŸŸǻŪŭō ŒōƖ ȍƳŃʼnǣŠŽ ŸŒƕșŠŰŽș¤
ƕŭšňžõȆŹáōǣõžõȆŹáÝŎǶõ¤ĹȍŒōșƕŭšňŠŰŽșȆśƖõȾýŎ  3. ÝȍĴĹșƕŭšňŠŰŽșȆĜÝ ōǣõĉŸćƨōǵÐŪōȟȈō
Ŏ ļŻõɈ.ɋ¤ ĹȍŒōș E Lj G
ŭōÝŎǶõŸǸŒɈ.ɇɆ ȇĜŽÝȍĴĹșÝǶõ ȆŽœȂōŠŰŽșĄŹŭŽĜȍŒǸŽĹȍŒōș(zone) ōǣõŹÝƦȈśńŹŒƕǣŃʼn
ȆőȆŽǿĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ŽůȆúĒȆŹŒǿƕŭšňŠŰŽșŸĒ
ǵ ŸŒƕșĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ŨŠ ȆúĒŠǩASCE 7 Figure 6-2 ƕŹŭŒșMWFRS ōǣõ

57 58

Ps30 = ʄ Kzt Iw Ps30 ш 0.479kPa

ASCE 7 Figure 6-3 ƕŹŭŒșC&C¤ Pnet30 = ʄ Kzt Iw Pnet30 ш 0.479kPa
4. ŃŃǻŽŕōƕŭšňŠŰŽșÐĴŐ (P30 ƕŹŭŒș 5. ƕŭšňŠŰŽșȇĜŽŕōÐĴŐ ƨōǵƂĹōȟȆŽǿƨýŸĜǸú
MWFRS ōǣõ Pnet30 ƕŹŭŒș C&C) ćƨōǵÐŪōȟȈōƕŭšň ŒøƟĒÝŎõASCE 7 Figure 6-2 ƕŹŭŒș MWFRS¤úȍķȍŁ
Ŏ ļŻõŸŒƕșŒŃğĢō
ŠŰŽșÝǶõ Ŏ Ąȍơō3
ȇĜŽŭōÝȍĴĹșÝǶõ ƕŹŭŒșMWFRS ŃŃǭõĹȍŒōșžõúǵõÐDZȆƕū ō
ǿ ǭõ2a¤
ÝŪšƕș ōǣõȆŪÐǵĴÝȍȇĴŃǩļŪõ(ůÝȆúĒŠǩ ASCE 7 Figure 6. ƕŭšňŠŰŽșȇĜŽŕōÐĴŐ ƨōǵƂĹĺōȟȆŽǿĄęąȍõ
6-2 Lj 6-3) ȆŪÐǵĴťǸŪǣƘźƕĺ  (topography factor) Kzt ƨýŸōǣõĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ĜǸúŒøƟĒÝŎǶõASCE 7 Figure 6-3 ƕŹŭŒș
(ASCE 7 Section 6.5.7) ōǣõȆŪÐǵĴƕȍžōș I ůÝȆúĒŠǩ C&C¤úȍķȍŁƕŹŭŒșC&C ŃŃǭõĹȍŒōșžõúǵõÐǭȆƕū ǿ a
IBC table 1604.5 LjASCE 7 Table 1-1 ōǣõ6-1¤(ƕŹŭŒș ȇĜŽ a ” 0.1x ŹŒȇƂõŠž ǩȈōƨýŸ
ŽÝšŠĴħàŸğĢōȇĜŽŭťǸŪƘ
ǣ źƕĺ ȆŽǿȈśńŻŒKzt = 1.0) Ǹ ŪňŰŪȈōƨýŸ
” 0.4x ÝŪšƕșĜȍŒŽ
• 0.04x ŹŒȇƂõŠž ǩȈōƨýŸ
59 60
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 • 0.9m

ɌɮɆ2.10: ȼǚƙƳɊɑNjƕɄȳƘɍɽ
ɑƙNjɆɽ MWFRS ɌɮɆ2.10: ȼǚƙƳɊɑNjƕɄȳƘɍɽ ɑƙNjɆɽ MWFRS
61 62

ɌɮɆ2.5 : ƳɌȲɸɀɁɽɁɆ
ɸ ɅɽɑNjƕɄȳƘɍɽ, MWFRS əDŽɒɌɀɿʒ.ʖ: ƳɌȴɀdžɆɅƐɭȲȳƘɍɽɑƙNjɆɽ MWFRS
Zone Description
A End zone horizontal wind pressure on the vertical projected wall surface
ƨýŸȆĉǿÝŪšƕșɇćōș Ńȍƞȍ 15mx22mŭōŒøƟĒÝŎǶõ
B End zone horizontal wind pressure on the vertical projected roof surface
C Interior zone horizontal wind pressure on the vertical projected wall face
ŸǸŒɈ.ɇɇ¤ ŸůȒÝŪšƕșÐǣĹĜŽșÝȍĴŽșúōńŽșȇŠƃ õ 4.5m ōǣõ
D Interior zone horizontal wind pressure on the vertical projected roof face
E End zone vertical wind pressure on the windward side of the horizontal projected roof surface
ÐǣĹĜŽșȆŪĜȍŒǸŽ 7m ŠǩȆŽǿōǩƂȔǸÝŹŭŽćōșŞńŽșĜǩ¤ ƕōūĹșŁ
F End zone vertical wind pressure on the leeward side of the horizontal projected roof surface
G Interior zone vertical wind pressure on the windward side of the horizontal projected roof surface
ƨýŸŒǣŃĄǣĹȆƞǿůƕĿ ǣĹÝŎǶõŹŒȆťŃĹȍŒōș C¤úǸŸÐĴŐÝŭžȍõ
H Interior zone vertical wind pressure on the leeward side of the horizontal projected roof surface
ŠŰŽșȆĜÝŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿ MWFRS ļŪŃǣƕȆĠŃŃǭõ ōǣõ
EOH End zone vertical wind pressure on the windward side of the horizontal projected roof overhang surface
GOH Interior zone vertical wind pressure on the windward side of the horizontal projected roof overhang surface
ŒȆķĺ ůƨýŸ ōǣõƕŭšňŠŰŽșŸĒ
ǵ ȆƣǿõƕǵŃʼn ȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿ
ƕŹŭŒșĄŹŭŽĜȍŒŽ
Ǹ ĹǸúćõ100 ÝŪšƕșŽůȆúĒÐǻŸ ĜȍŒǸŽ(MWFRS) ļŪŃǣƕŃŃǭõōǣõŒȆķĺ ůȆğůƕōūĹŁ
ș 
ȇĹŹĹǹƂŕōȆŹŒǿĄȍōƕ
ǻ ÝŪšƕșĜȍŒǸŽŪňŰŪƕŹŭŒșàŸÐĴŐ ŒōńǶÝȆľŸŸŒƕșĜȍŒǸŽ0.718kPa.
ŃŃǭõĹȍŒōșžõȆŹá2a¤

63 64
Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.
 Ɛ
ʒ.ʖ.ʒ ɆɅɭ ȲɌȥɯ ƅ ȼɪ (Seismic Load)
ƫȍ õĹõșƕǵǩȆĹȈōŒōńǶÝŸēąǼ ůĜǩȇĜŽŭōƨȍȆŠǿȆŽǿȆŹÐȂõ
ŒõðǶ ȍƕȍĴõșćƨōǵÐŪōȟȈōŹŒȆťŃŹŒŠȱōʼnŃŒșŒōńǶÝžõȇĜŽȆŹŒǿ
ÝŎǶõƨýŸ ŃŪöōșȈōƨýŸ ōǣõŽÝšŠĴħĜǩȆőŹĹõșàŸğĢōƘõ
ƕõș¤ àŸÐĴŐƨōǵȆƀŪļŪ ASCE 7-05 Section 12.14
ćƂǤňǩ ƂŨ
Ǥ ÐƘŪēĖ¤ ƂǤňǩȆōȑ ƨōǵęĖĹȆŹŒǿƕŹŪŒșȆŹÐȂõŒõðǶ ȍ
ȆŹýõȆĉǿ¤ ÝŎǶõàŸÐĴŐ ƨýŸŹĹǹƂŕōƕōūĹșćŃŹŪŒõÞŒș
ȆőŹĹõșŹÐǭȑ¤ ƂǤňǩ ƂŨ
Ǥ ÐÝŭžȍõŸēąǼ ůĜŭ
ǩ ōŒøƟĒŽȍƨǣĹÝŎǶõ
ȍ ǣĹȆŃ
ASCE 7¤úȍȇĴÝǑÝŎǶõȆŪȆŸȄōȆōȑŪǣōŭōȆŸȄŒŻŒșŽƨ
ȆŹţȑŁÝŎǶõŹŒȆŃƕȆůǿõýū ōŸēąǼ ůĜȆǩ ŃŐȆŠŽŒúûǶŒœōŎ¤
65

Lecturer: SOK RASMEY, MEng.