CONSTRUCTION PLANNING and

MANAGEMENT
(CEng 4173)
CHAPTER-3
PLANNING , DESIGN and
MOBILIZATION

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Contents

3.1 Feasibility study and planning stage

3.2 Design Stage
3.3 Contract and Tender Document
development stage
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning

A. Site Investigation
❑ In parallel with other preliminary planning, investigation
of the site is conducted at varying levels of detail.
❑ When several alternatives are present, the various
potential sites will be studied from the standpoint of:
✓ General soil conditions,
✓ Topography,
✓ Access and cost.
❑ Further detail will be developed on the preferred
option or options. The geotechnical specialist will
provide major input at this step.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
B. Constructability Analysis

❑ Throughout planning and design, it is essential to consider

whether proposed alternatives can be built and whether they
can be built efficiently.
❑ ‘Constructability’ refers to:

✓ A process utilizing experienced construction personnel with

extensive construction knowledge early in the design stages
of projects ensuring that the projects are buildable, while
also being cost effective, biddable, and maintainable.

❑ Constructability’ is a continuing process, used as evaluation

and perhaps more active during design stage.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
C. Public Input
❑ Members of the general public may be involved in the
development of the project program.
❑ Their involvement mainly occurs prior to the
identification and study of alternative approaches to
meeting the program objectives.
❑ The public will likely have other opportunities as well
to be part of the project.
❑ At various points in the planning and design process,
public hearings and workshops may be held.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
D. Preliminary Cost Estimate
❑ In order to determine whether an alternative
under consideration is financially feasible, an
estimate of its cost is needed.
❑ During the planning process, such an estimate
cannot be made with a large degree of precision.
❑ Usually the estimator uses some broad measures
of cost to develop the estimate.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
E. Financial Feasibility Analysis

❑ Not only must a project meet certain technical and

performance requirements, it must also be financially
viable.
❑ The funds proposed to be invested in the project must
show the potential to generate an economic return to those
investing in the project.

❑ The return is at least equal to that available to them from

other similarly risky investments.
❑ This concept of ‘return on investment’ is appropriate for
most projects, whether in the private or public sector.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)

E. Financial Feasibility Analysis

❑ For instance in case of:
✓ A private-sector manufacturing facility, the
investor expects to generate sufficient cash flows
from operating the facility to pay for the
construction and the ongoing operating expenses
plus attractive profit.
✓ A publicly funded facility, those who provide the
funding expect that the benefits, either in money
terms or in non-quantifiable measures, will be at
least equal to the funds invested in the project.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
F. Project Recommendation

❑ After studying various alternatives, the design professional is now in

a position to recommend an option from the standpoint of:

✓ Costs,

✓ Economic benefits,

✓ Ease of construction,

✓ Schedule impacts,

✓ Alignment with user objectives

✓ Alignment with the project program

✓ Environmental impacts
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
F. Project Recommendation
❑ Whatever the recommendation, the design
professional will prepare a report for the owner
describing the planning process, identifying the
alternatives and explaining the rationale for the
selected option.
❑ If the recommendation is to proceed, the report will
suggest the appropriate steps to be taken to launch
the design stage.
❑ The choice/consent of whether to implement the
recommendation is the owner’s .
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
G. Project Funding

❑ The point in time at which funding approval is sought for a project

could be one of the following cases:

✓ Case i: The money could be allocated before much of the planning

process has been carried out or,

✓ Case ii: A complete design is prepared, ready for contractor

selection, prior to availability of funds.

❑ More often, however, the process outlined in ‘case ii’ leads to a

recommendation that the project proceed and that it be funded.

❑ In this case, before further design efforts are undertaken,

assurance of available funding is sought.
 3.1 Feasibility Study and Planning
(Cont’d…)
H. Site selection and Land acquisition
❑ Assuming the site is not already in possession of the
owner, there is no need to acquire land for the
project until funding is approved.
❑ In any case, the project site, if not already owned,
must be acquired through purchase, lease or other
arrangement.
❑ The site acquisition step completes the usual process
of planning and feasibility study and allows the design
stage to begin.
 3.2 Design Stage

❑ The two parts of the design stage are schematic design and
design development so as to fully complete the contract
document (or construction document).
A. Schematic Design
❑ It’s a set of preliminary drawings for approval by the owner.

❑ On a building project, for instance:

✓ The Architect will take the lead in developing a design
concept meeting the space and program requirements.
✓ Engineers will develop concepts of how the various
systems will fit into the facility.
 3.2 Design Stage (Cont’d…)

A. Schematic Design
❑ These preliminary drawings should illustrate the
project’s character such as,
✓ Architectural style,
✓ Exterior appearance,
✓ Planning and zoning requirements and
✓ Overall structural concepts.
B. Design Development
❑ Design development activities flow naturally from, and
are based on, documents produced during schematic
design.
 3.2 Design Stage (Cont’d…)

B. Design Development
❑ All of the major decisions for the project will be made
during design development.
✓The sketches prepared during schematic design
will be thoroughly detailed and developed into a
complete set of design drawings.
✓All building materials, fixtures and finishes will be
selected…
❑ When design development is complete, the project will
be considered fully developed.
 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage
❑ During this final stage of the planning and design
phase, all of the previous effort is transformed into
documents that will form the basis for the
construction contract.
❑ When this stage is completed, the contractor, or
contractors, can be selected.
❑ Construction Documents are comprised of:
✓ Bid requirements and
✓ The contract documents
(Both parts will briefly explained on next slides.)
 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
A. Bidding Requirements
i. Notice/invitation to bidder
❑ The document announcing to prospective bidders that design
documents are available and job is advertised to contractors
who are capable of completing the work at reasonable price.

❑ The purposes of an ‘Invitation to Bid’ are to attract bidders

in sufficient numbers to ensure fair competition.
❑ It should consist of the following elements:
✓ Project Title, Time and Place for Receipt of Bids,
Project Description, Type of Contract and Bonds
 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
A. Bidding Requirements
ii. Instruction to bidder
❑ This a document that describes requirements that
bidders should follow in that particular bid during bid
preparation and submission.
❑ Some of these include;
✓ Scope of work,
✓ Sources of fund,
✓ Eligibility and qualification of bidders,
✓ Bid preparation and the like to follow
 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
A. Bidding Requirements
iii. The proposal form
❑ The Proposal Form establish the intent of the
contractor to enter into a contract in order to
complete the work specified at the cost indicated in
the proposal.
❑ If owner responds by awarding the contract based
on the proposal,

an acceptance of offers results and a contractual

relationship is established.
 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
B. Contract Documents

❑ Contract documents (graphic and written) describe the

proposed construction (the ‘Work’) that results from
performing services, furnishing labor, and supplying and
incorporating materials and equipment into the construction,

❑ It basically comprises of the following:

✓ Contract Forms: Agreement between involved parties,

Payment and Performance Bonds)

✓ Specifications: Describing qualities of material, equipment

and mode of construction.

✓ Drawings: Graphic description of what to be done.

 3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
B. Contract Documents

✓ Addenda: It comprises of clarify, revise, add to, or delete

information in the original bidding documents issued prior to
contract.

✓ Change Orders: includes additions to, deletions from, or

modifications issued during the contract.

✓ General and Specific conditions of the contract:

▪ General conditions: Term definitions, Time-Cost-Quality control

and finishing of the contract.

▪ Specific conditions: Modify or supplement general conditions as

need to provide for requirements specific to a project.
3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)
3.3 Construction Documents Development
Stage (Cont’d…)