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NAPCC was published in 2008 by the then-Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change.
The National Action Plan hinges on the development and use of new technologies.
The implementation of the Plan includes public private partnerships and civil society action.
The focus will be on promoting understanding of climate change, adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural
resource conservation.
There are Eight National Missions which form the core of the National Action Plan.
1. National Solar Mission (started in 2010 to promote the use of solar power)
2. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (approved in 2009)
3. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (approved in 2011)
4. National Water Mission
5. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (approved in 2014)
6. National Mission for A Green India (approved in 2014)
7. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (approved in 2010)
8. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC)
9. National Bio-Energy Mission (approved in 2017)
The National Solar Mission is a major initiative to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy
security challenge.
The program was inaugurated in 2010 with a target of 20GW by 2022.
It was later increased to 100 GW (100,000 MW) in 2015.
MNRE has proposed to achieve 60 GW from large and medium scale solar projects, and 40 GW through rooftop solar projects.
Committed to Nationally Determined Contributions (Paris Accord), India made a pledge that by 2030, 40% of installed power
generation capacity shall be based on clean sources.
It was determined that 175 GW of renewable energy capacity will be installed by 2022.
This includes 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from bio-power and 5 GW from small hydro power.
Net Metering
Net Metering is billing mechanism for grid connected Home Rooftop Solar Installation
where
The electricity generated by the solar panels is fed into the utility grid
Household draws electricity from the utility grid
The household pays only for the difference between the energy units it consumes from the
grid and the energy units fed into the grid. This is measured by a bi-directional meter called
Net Meter.
Q. ‘Net metering’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoting the (2016)
Answer: a)
Objectives
To establish India as a global leader in solar energy, by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as quickly
as possible.
To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 100,000 MW of solar power by 2022.
To create favourable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, particularly solar thermal for indigenous production and
market leadership.
October 2018
India attains global 4th and 5th positions in wind and solar power installed capacities.
India is at 5th global position for overall installed renewable energy capacity
Solar
100 24.33
Power
Wind
60 34.98
power
Small
5 4.5
Hydro
Objective: Promote the market for energy efficiency by fostering innovative policies and effective market instruments.
The mission document, which was approved in 2010, established the immense energy efficiency potential of India, which was
about Rs. 74,000 crores.
A recent World Bank study has estimated the country’s energy efficiency market to be at 1.6 lakh crores.
NMEEE includes four specific energy efficiency initiatives under its umbrella:
Assigning energy reduction targets to large energy intensive industries and distributing Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts) on
achievement of the targets. These ESCerts can then be traded.
Consumers who are not able to meet their energy savings targets will buy the ESCerts.
Promoting adoption of energy efficient equipment and appliances through innovative business models.
Domestic Efficient Lighting Program: Unnat Jeevan by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) program to promote the use of more
efficient LED lighting for households.
Super-Efficient Equipment Program (SEEP): Under this program, the manufacturers are incentivized by the government to elevate
the efficiency standards of the equipment. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the program in the XII five-year plan with a
focus on ceiling fans, considering its wide use and impact on domestic energy consumption.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is a statuary agency under the Ministry of Power.
It was created in March 2002 under the provisions of the nation’s 2001 Energy
Conservation Act.
BEE’s function is to develop programs which will increase the conservation and efficient
use of energy.
It mandatory for certain appliances in India to have BEE ratings.
The Objectives of Standards & Labeling Program is to provide the consumer an informed
choice about the energy saving.
1. Induction Motors
2. Agricultural Pump Sets
1. Room Air Conditioners 3. Ceiling Fans
2. Frost Free Refrigerators 4. Domestic Liquefied Petroleum
3. Tubular Florescent Lamp Gas(LPG) Stoves
4. Distribution Transformer 5. Washing Machine
5. Room Air Conditioner (Casettes, Floor 6. Computer (Notebook /Laptops)
Standing Tower, Ceiling, Corner AC) 7. Ballast (Electronic/Magnetic)
6. Direct Cool Refrigerator 8. Office equipment’s (Printer, Copier,
7. Color TV Scanner, MFD’s).
8. Electric Geysers 9. Diesel Engine Driven Monoset
Pumps for Agricultural Purposes
9. Inverter Air conditioners
10. Soli State Inverter
10. LED Lamps
11. Diesel Generator
Source 12. Chillers
13. Microwave Ovens
Q. On which of the following can you find the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label? (2016)
1. Ceiling fans
2. Electric geysers
3. Tubular fluorescent lamps
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 3 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d) all
Increasing the confidence of financial institutions and investors to support energy efficiency initiatives.
The EEFP initiative is intended towards catalysing the finances for energy efficiency sector by addressing the barriers and
challenges in market development and project implementation.
It provides a platform for financial institutions, investors and project developers to increase their confidence in supporting energy
conservation and efficiency projects.
BEE institutionalized two types of funds in order to protect the confidence of banks and investors in energy efficiency projects and
to avoid the stalling of projects due to lack of funds.
Partial Risk Guarantee Fund for Energy Efficiency (PRGFEE): The fund guarantees a risk cover for banks and investors for up to
50% loan amount or INR 10 crore per project, whichever is less.
Venture Capital Fund for Energy Efficiency (VCFEE): This fund is intended towards promoting equity financing (stock, share) in
the energy efficiency sector and thus reducing the impact of non-availability of debt financing (bond, loan) to small size
companies and projects. The equity support is equivalent to INR 2 crore or 15% of total equity whichever is less.
It seeks to promote:
Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings by extending energy conservation building code to new and large commercial
buildings.
Better urban planning and efficient and convenient public transport to facilitate the growth of medium and small cities.
Improved management of solid and liquid waste, e.g. recycling of material and urban waste management (like producing power
from waste).
Improved ability of habitats to adapt to climate change and measures for improving advance warning systems for extreme
weather events.
Conservation through appropriate changes in legal and regulatory framework.
The Mission is being implemented through the following programmes of Ministry of Urban Development:
Objective is to ensure integrated water resource management helping to conserve water, minimize wastage and ensure more
equitable distribution both across and within states.
Ridge ad furrow irrigation: The crops are grown on the ridges and the furrows are used to irrigate.
The effect of Climate Change on Himalayan glaciers and associated hydrological consequences:
Increased drought like situations due to overall decrease in the number of rainy days.
Increased flood events due to overall increase in the rainy day intensity.
Effect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to increased flood and drought events.
Influence on groundwater recharge due to changes in precipitation and evaporation.
Increased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifers due to rising sea levels.
National Mission for A Green India (Green India Mission)
It aims at
Improvement in quality of forest cover and ecosystem services of forests, degraded grassland and wetlands.
Eco-restoration of shifting cultivation areas, cold deserts, mangroves, ravines and abandoned mining areas.
Improvement in forest and tree cover in urban/peri-urban lands.
Improvement in tree cover on agricultural lands and other non-forest lands (agroforestry/social forestry).
Q11. Which of the following best describes/describe the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?
1. Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the `green accounting’
2. Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future
3. Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures
1. 1 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: c) 3 only
The initiative is a part of Sub-Mission on Cold Desert Ecosystems under the Green India Mission.
Seabuckthorn, popularly known as Leh berries is also called the “Wonder plant” and “Ladakh gold”.
The MoEF and DRDO have launched the initiative for Seabuckthorn cultivation in the cold deserts.
It has multi-purpose medicinal and nutritional properties.
The plan the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
It is tolerant to extreme temperatures and has an extensive root system, making it ideal for controlling soil erosion and preventing
desertification.
Q. Government of India encourages the cultivation of ‘sea buckthorn’. What is the importance of this plant?
1. 2, 3 and 4 only
2. 1 and 3 only
3. 1, 2, 3 and 4
4. 1 only
NMSA has been formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas.
60% of the country’s net sown area is rainfed and accounts for 40% of the total food production.
The focus areas are integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health and resource conservation.
NMSKCC seeks to build a knowledge system that supports national policy and action for responding effectively to climate change
challenges, while not compromising on the nation’s growth goals.
Mission Objectives:
Formation of knowledge networks among the existing knowledge institutions engaged in research and development relating to
climate science.
Development of national capacity for modelling the regional impact of climate change on different ecological zones.
Establishing research networks and encouraging research in the areas of climate change impacts on important socio-economic
sectors like agriculture, health, natural ecosystems, biodiversity, coastal zones, etc.
The aim of the mission is to push sustainable development of the renewable energy sector.
The national mission will aim at improving energy efficiency in traditional biomass consuming industries, seek to develop a bio-
energy city project and provide logistics support to biomass processing units.
It will also propose a GIS-based National Biomass Resource Atlas to map potential biomass regions in the country.
According to estimates, biomass from agro and agro-industrial residue can potentially generate 25,000 MW of power in India.