Professional Documents
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AP Research
Thank you for taking the time to review my IRB application for proposed research as a part of
the AP Research course at High School.
The attached application and addendums have been prepared for review of research ethics and
methodology as proposed for my research project to ensure that they abide by the guidelines set
forth by federal law. You will find the following addressed and provided in this application:
This application invites approval, questions, or rejection of any research methods involving
humans (including the questions being asked, the population being used, the time and
circumstances under which subjects are studied).
I have reviewed the potential risks to human subjects, and the ethics of research, in order to
determine whether or not the proposed and attached research project can be conducted. I
recognize the purpose of the IRB is to assure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights
and welfare of humans or animals participating as subjects in a research study and welcome your
feedback to that end.
Please take the time to review my application below, including any appendices (interview
questions, survey questions, consent forms, permission slips, confidentiality forms, etc.). Please
add your feedback throughout my application as you see fit, complete the attached IRB feedback
and approval form, and sign the last page where you find appropriate.
Thank you for your time and for your expertise. I look forward to receiving this application back
from you.
Thank you,
Gillian Levy
Gillian Levy
AP Research Student
High School AP Capstone Program
PART I: Project and Researcher Information
Project Title/ Research Question: Decision Aids for Unplanned Pregnancies/ How could
pathos and logos approaches to abortion counseling in female health clinics impact the
decision-making process of Colorado females aged 14-24 when seeking options for an
unplanned pregnancy?
Brief Description of gap/ project goal: The gap my research is addressing the lack of
research on decision aids. Specifically many researchers call for more research on how specific
information impacts the aid or conflict during the decision making process. My research will try
to find this answer by looking at how information provided with an appeal to pathos and
information appealing to logos aids or complicates the decision making process in order to get a
step closer to creating a decision aid. A source that outlines the gap I am trying to fill very
specifically is by Donelly et al. (2018). Their article discusses the specific gap that lead me to
this research porject: “Research evaluating DAs on early abortion methods is lacking, and
although many tools are accessible, they demonstrate suboptimal quality” (Donelly et al. 2018).
Their study analyzes external information factors and discovers that, while researchers know
that information aids the decision making process (Vlemmix et al. 2013), minimal research has
been conducted on what information specifically serves as the most effective and helpful
decision aid. Similarly I chose the age rang of 14-24 because research has showed that
adolescent feelings, knowledge, and opinions about abortion recieve little attention despite the
mnay cases of teen pregnancy in the United States each year (Stone and Waszak 1992).
Student Name: Gillian Levy
Project Status (New Project or Revision): New Project
Estimated Data Collection Start and End Dates: January 18, 2021-February 12, 2021
Location of Data Collection: Colorado, United States
Project Type: Student research (under faculty direction)
Class: AP Research
Part II: Subjects of Study Checklist
Does your project involve participants or individuals from any of these special/
vulnerable populations? (Check all that apply.)
Children under 18 years of age
Economically disadvantaged
Individuals with intellectual disabilities
Elderly
Prisoners
Individuals with physical disabilities
YES NO 11. Are data sources clearly identified in this application (such as interviews,
survey, existing project data such as services received, reports, grades,
existing school records, focus group, etc.)?
Part III: Further Explanation
Check all that apply and estimate the total anticipated number of individual participants
in each relevant category about whom you will be collecting data on for your project:
High school students Number: 20
General public Number: 20
Faculty Number:_________
Children and Youth under 18 Number: 20
1. Abstract Describing Project and Purpose: Briefly describe (a) the project or study and (b)
what human participants will experience during the proposed study or project. Describe all
strategies or experimental methods to be used, design and program activities. Indicate what
data, measures, or observations will be collected and used in the study or for the project. If any
questionnaires, tests, or other instruments are to be used, include a brief description and one
copy of the instruments in your addendum.
This study is to look at how information with an appeal to pathos versus information appealing
to logos impacts the decision making process of abortion by prociding either ease in decision
making or complicating the decision making process further. Human participants will take a
survey in which they answer questions about their basic demographics (sex, age,
socioeconimic status of their household) as well as answer the question of “would you
consider abortion for an unplanned pregnancy” and then participate in an interview with the
reserahcer. The research will ask the participants to hypothetically consider that they are
experiencing an unplanned pregnancy and are not sure which option of parenting, adoption or
abotrion they would choose. They will be given one of the three stimulus sources (pamphlets
with different information on them) or if they are a part of the control group they will receive no
stimulus. The participant will have 3 minutes to look over the pamphlet before being asked a
series of questions by the researcher to gauge the participants decision confidence based off
of the pamphlet. The questions are to be answered on a scale from one to five and each
group will receive the same questions. After all data is collected, participants will be debriefed
including contextualizing any information that may have been within the pamphlets
(oftentimes information appealing to pathos requires contextualization as it may not always be
medically accurate as far as current statistics go). The participant will also be supplied with
two call lines there to support people struggling with post-abortion mental health struggles or
mental health struggles in general. Participants will also be allowed to ask the researcher
questions at this point (should they have any).
2. Methodology: Specify who the project participants or research subjects will be. Indicate how
they will be solicited, recruited, or contacted. Include any recruitment letters and materials with
this document. State how much time will be required of each participant or subject. Describe
procedures to which individuals will be subjected.
The project participants will be any Colorado aged females aged 14-24. This includes high
school students within The participant will likely need to give
me anywhere from 15-20 minutes of their time depending on how much time they need to fill
out the survey or how much thinking they do for each question. Participants will need to be
willing to answer questions about their families income as well as other demographics, as well
as willing to think about abortion and their emotions towards abortion.
3. Voluntary Participation: Specify the steps that will be taken to ensure that each individual’s
participation is voluntary. State what, if any, inducements will be offered for their participation.
No inducements will be offered as I am hoping that people will simply be willing to participate.
As for voluntary participation I will make sure that people feel no pressure to participate by
making the environment very no-pressure so that participants can voice if they are
uncomfortable or feel they do not want to participate any further.
5. Informed Consent: Attach a copy of all consent forms to be signed by the participants and/or
any statements to be read to or provided to the participant.
6. Risks to Participants: (a) Describe any potential risks to participating individuals — physical,
psychological, social, legal, or other; (b) include all known and anticipated risks to the
participants such as side effects, risks of placebo (inert) treatments, etc.; and (c) in research
that proposes substantial risk to human participants, list emergency backup procedures that are
in place such as medical or counseling interventions.
There are no social, physical, or legal risks for participants. But, there could possibly be
psychological risks as the questions I ask may or may not be triggering. Should there be any
psychological effects of my study I will supply participants with resources to contact to seek
the help they may need. One of which is the Colorado Crisis Line which is a 24/7 call like to
help people struggling with mental health issues as well as mental emergencies. The other
resource is an organization called 4 exhale and provides nonpartisan support for women and
their family and friends who needed mental support after someone has had an abortion.
7. Benefits: (a) Describe the benefits and/or any compensation that the participating individuals
can expect and (b) describe the gains in knowledge that may result from the project or research
study.
While the participant may not be able to gain any physical things from participating in the
study, they will be able to gain reliable and accurate information on abortion causing them to
likely become more knowledgable on the topic.
YES NO f. Taste and food quality evaluation and consumer acceptance studies, (a) if
wholesome foods without additives are consumed or (b) if a good is consumed that contains a
food ingredient at or below the level and for a use found to be safe, or agricultural chemical or
environmental contaminant at or below the level found to be safe, by the Food and Drug
Administration or approved by the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food Safety and
Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Please provide an explanation as to
how your research falls into this category:
Part IV: Researcher Certification and Signature
Attachments: Attach all that apply to your proposal. (Check the ones you’ve included with your
proposal. )
REQUIRED
Completed IRB Application
A. Informed consent form(s)
B. Research methodology - Methods Phase II & Operational Definitions
(research design, data source, sampling strategy, etc.)
RECOMMENDED
C. Statement(s) of approval from cooperating entities
(email or on organization letterhead)
D. Outline(s) of proposed questionnaires, surveys, or other data-gathering forms
E. Any letters, flyers, questionnaires, etc. that will be distributed to the study subjects
I am asking you to participate in a research study titled “Decision Aids for Unplanned
Pregnancies.” I will describe this study to you and answer any of your questions. This study is
being led by Gillian Levy, an AP Research Student at Columbine High School. The Faculty Advisor
for this study is , Social Studies Department & AP Capstone.
Benefits
The only direct benefit you may experience from participating in this study is learning about
abortion in a non-partisan way, but direct benefits may not be ensured and depend on your
prior knowledge. The main benefit of this research is to fill a research gap that currently exists
within the reproductive world of science. By participating in this study, we are able to know
more about the effects of information on the decision making process, bringing us one step
closer to making a very tough decision a little bit less emotionally taxing through informational
decision aids about all of the options for an unplanned pregnancy (parenting, adoption, or
abortion)
Privacy/Confidentiality/Data Security
While surveys and interviews will not be anonymous, all personal and identifying information
will be de-identified before showing research to anyone (including , the teacher of AP
Research). Your name, age, gender, or any other personal information will not be anywhere
within data tables or papers. I plan on keeping a Google Sheet with all of the information that
includes each participant's first and last initial but this document will be for my eyes only and
deleted as soon as possible.
Please note that the survey is being conducted with the help of Google, a company not
affiliated with High School and with its own privacy and security policies that you
can find at its website. We anticipate that your participation in this survey presents no greater
risk than everyday use of the Internet.
Your confidentiality will be kept to the degree permitted by the technology being used. We
cannot guarantee against interception of data sent via the internet by third parties.
I have read the above information, and have received answers to any questions I asked. I
consent to take part in the study.
Your Signature Date
This consent form will be kept by the researcher for five years beyond the end of the study.
APPENDIX B
Method Element Outline - Phase II
My approach is to explore the correlation between How do your approach and design fit into your Body
Approach information and the decision-making process and how of Knowledge?
information specifically targeted to either emotion Deductive reasoning and the use of the explore and
and/or logic connects to ease or conflict of decision. explain approaches is common within the social
sciences and my design of explore to find out more
My design is to conduct interviews with participants about the correlation between information and the
Design after giving them a survey on basic demographics. decision making process fits with the social science
Participants names will not be asked they will only be body of knowledge.
known on their surveys and interviews as “participant
#”
Qualitative
I will conduct interviews with participants in which I
will ask the same questions for each group and
participant but each cohort will receive different
stimuli. They will be asked to rate their answers on a
scale of 1-5 with 1 being not at all confident/helpful
and 5 being incredibly confident/helpful.
Colorado females aged 14-24. How do your subjects connect to your research
question?
Subjects of My question specifically says that I am looking at the
decision-making process of females aged 14-24 in the
study
state of Colorado so I think the connection is pretty
air-tight.
Method Description Justification
Subtopic
On the rubric, a 3 “Describes a replicable research On the rubric, a 4 and 5 “Logically defends the
method, with questionable alignment to the purpose of alignment of a detailed, replicable research method to
the inquiry.” the purpose of the inquiry.”
Instruments What specific tools (surveys, frameworks, interview How will your instrument gather the information you
questions, etc.) need to be created? want?
Zoom, post research counseling services that I could I will use zoom for the interviews which will be
provide participants with (Colorado Crisis Line and conducted based off of the survey and the interview
the 4 Exhale line), questions to ask participants, questions that I will ask. Those sources will allow me
survey about basic demographics, informed consent to compare the results from my interview to the
DADD scale to see which of the three stimulus
form, and IRB approval.
options was most effective at decreasing decision
difficulty.
Procedure How will you gather your data, step-by-step (describe How will this process support both internal and
in as much detail as you have)? external validity as well as good research ethics?
My procedure (as of right now) is to give participants (what have you done/ need to do?)
a survey in the form of a Google Form which asks for
basic demographics (age, sex (not gender), By using a scale of 1-5 to measure the participants'
Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status) as well as if responses upon, I maintain more internal validity
within the study by turning qualitative data into
abortion is something the participant would ever
quantitative data. As abortion can be a tough topic to
consider should they experience and unplanned discuss (especially with a stranger) ethics were taken
pregnancy. Next, I plan on conducting in-depth into consideration with every step of this proces. I am
interviews of women aged 14-24 in Colorado over trying to limit any possible emotional distress by
Zoom or Google Meets. Each participant, regardless providing participants with slips of paper including
of cohort, would be asked to imagine a hypothetical the contact information of two psychological
situation in which they are currently seeking options assistance lines that can be contacted at any time.
for an unplanned pregnancy. They are trying to decide Along with this, I am obviously going to try to limit
any emotional distress experienced by the participant
between parenting, adoption, or abortion. The
at any time during the study by creating a
participant would be told that at this particular point in non-judgemental and comforting atmosphere for them
exploring their options, they are considering abortion to be interviewed within as well as providing a
but am not leaning towards one option more than “prefer not to say” option for any question that may
another. I would have a control group in which I be possibly triggering.
would give a medically accurate pamphlet on abortion
as well as adoption and parenting--all with an appeal
to logos. In another group (group B) I would give
information given to women with an appeal to pathos;
after this survey is completed there would be a debrief
in which all potentially misleading information
presented in the pamphlet would be corrected. In a
third group (group c) I would give a mix of half
information appealing to logos and half appealing to
pathos; after this survey is completed there would be a
debrief in which all false information presented in the
pamphlet would be contextualized. A possible 4th
group that would not receive any stimulus is also
being considered. Each group would get a debrief after
data collection that will allow them to still have
confidence in their decision-making process and
contextualize any information that may have been
medically inaccurate on the pamphlets. Also in the
debrief, as well as at the end of the survey, the
participant will receive two phone numbers of talk
lines they can call at any time should the interview or
study have unintentionally caused any emotional
distress. The first phone number would be for the
Colorado Crisis Line and the second would be for a
post-abortion counseling hotline for women who have
had abortions as well as their friends family or anyone
needing support surrounding the topic of abortion. The
organization is non-partisan and called 4Exhale.
Operational Definitions
Research Topic:
Concept/ Variable: Operational Definition(s): Measurement tool ( scale, amount, category - quan./
qual. data)
Pathos approach An approach to abortion counseling More than 80 percent of the information on the
in which the clinician appeals to the pamphlet is not based on quantitative data
emotions of the client
Logos approach An approach to abortion counseling More than 80 percent of the information on the
in which the clinician appeals to the pamphlet is based on the most recent accurate
factual side of the client quantitative data
Impacts Causes more ease or difficulty Using a scale of perceived post-decision confidence
within the decision-making process
Demographics Age, sex (not gender), Male, Female (study is only on females), <$20k,
Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic $20k-50k, $50k-100k, > $100k
Status
FOR INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD MEMBERS’ USE ONLY:
Approved
Notes:
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Rejected
Notes:
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