Jayram Aryal Etabs Report

Structural Design Report
Of
Residential Building
Owner
Jayanti Aryal
Prepared By
Architect’s Studio Pvt.Ltd.
Gahana Pokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 01-4415115
19 December 2020
Page | i
To whom it may concern
This report comprises the summary of the design Residential building.

The report consists of the design procedure adopted, assumptions made
and input and output from the design and analysis. It is assumed that the
Client will completely follow the Structural Design specified in the form
of Design Drawings attested along with this report.
The Designer will not be responsible if any alteration to the structural

system and configuration made by Client without prior consultation of
Designer.
The design calculations and derivations presented here are limited to

some extent. However, the calculations will be provided to the Client or
the concerned Authority upon request.
Er. Ghanshyam Upreti

Structural Engineer
Architect’s Studio Pvt. Ltd
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Salient Features ................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Project Information ......................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Building Features ............................................................................................ 1
1.2.3 Site Condition.................................................................................................. 2
2 Analysis Technology and Methodology .......................................................... 3
2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Codes and Standard used .................................................................................... 4
2.3 Software Used ..................................................................................................... 5
3 Analysis .............................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Material properties .............................................................................................. 6
3.1.1 Concrete .......................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel ........................................................................................ 6
3.2 Section Properties ............................................................................................... 6
3.3 Loadings .............................................................................................................. 7
3.3.1 Load Cases ...................................................................................................... 7
3.3.2 Load Combination ........................................................................................... 7
3.4 Estimation of Load .............................................................................................. 8
3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load) .............................................................................. 10
3.4.2 Live Load ...................................................................................................... 11
3.4.3 Seismic Load ................................................................................................. 13
4 Analysis Output............................................................................................... 14
4.1 Seismic Coefficient Method ............................................................................. 14
4.2 Modal time period and mass participation ........................................................ 15
5 Force Diagram ................................................................................................. 17
5.1.1 Axial Force Diagram ..................................................................................... 17
5.1.2 Shear Force Diagram ..................................................................................... 18
5.1.3 Moment Diagram .......................................................................................... 19
5.2 Joint Reactions .................................................................................................. 20
6 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design) .......................................... 23
6.1 Design of Beam................................................................................................. 23
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6.2 Design of Column ............................................................................................. 24
6.3 Design of Slab ................................................................................................... 26
6.4 Design of Matt Footing .................................................................................... 28
7 References ........................................................................................................ 38
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List of Figure
Figure 1: 3D-Modelof Building ..................................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Frame Load (Wall Load) .............................................................................. 11
Figure 3: Area Load (Live Load) on Floor Slab .......................................................... 12
Figure 4: Envelope - Axial Force diagram: ................................................................. 17
Figure 5: Envelope-Shear Force diagram .................................................................... 18
Figure 6: Envelope -Moment diagram ......................................................................... 19
Figure 7: Joint Level .................................................................................................... 20
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List of Table
Table 1: Load Cases ....................................................................................................... 7
Table 2: Load Combination ........................................................................................... 8
Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials ............................................................................... 10
Table 4: Live Load for Residential Building ............................................................... 12
Table 5: Mass Source for Seismic Load ...................................................................... 13
Table 6: Fundamental Time period .............................................................................. 14
Table 7: Seismic coefficient and base shear ................................................................ 15
Table 8: Distribution of Story forces ........................................................................... 15
Page | vi
1 Introduction
1.1 General
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Residential Building. The
building is Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of
building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements when
subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes that are in practice in Nepal. This
report consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and
outputs, and sample design of structural members.
1.2 Salient Features

1.2.1 Project Information
Type of building : Residential building
Location : Thimi, Bhaktapur
Plinth Area : 162.696 square m.
Total Floor Area : 667.1 square m.
Total land Area : 313.80 square m.
Floor area Ratio Total Floor Area/Total

:
(FAR) land Area
Plinth area /Total land

Land Coverage (%) :
area
1.2.2 Building Features

The building has some special features which are listed below:
Type of Building : Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure
Shape : Rectangular
Plinth level : As per architectural drawing
Roof floor Type : Accessible, Terrace
Walls : Brick walls
Footing Type : Matt Foundation
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Depth of
: 3ft. for Matt foundation
foundation
Storey Height : 2.8438 m.
No of Storey : Basement+Ground Floor + Five Storey
1.2.3 Site Condition

Type of soil : Type II, Soft Soil as per IS-1893(Part 1):2016
Allowable bearing pressure : 100 KN/m2(Assumed as per site soil)
Seismic Zone Factor : 0.36
Page | 2
2 Analysis Technology and Methodology
2.1 General
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are
done without affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is
modeled using finite element method. A three-dimensional beam element
having 12 DOF with 6 DOFs at each node were used for modeling beams and
columns in the building, while 24DOFs shell element with 6 DOFs at each node
were used to model slab and wall. Moreover, the brick infill wall is model as
area element considering the material properties of brick infills.
The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions
produced by anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of
art three dimensional structural analysis programs like ETABS 2018. The design
loads considered as per the relevant codes of practice comprise dead load due to
permanent structures, live load due to occupancy of the structure and seismic
load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed location. A number
of load combinations are considered to obtain the maximum values of design
stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.
• The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting

Frame (SMRF) type. Beams and columns are considered as the
structural load resisting elements. Although non-structural components
like wall plaster, infill walls, floor finishing etc has comes effects on
structural performance, they are considered only as loading.
• For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete are used.
• Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.
• Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action
has been modeled by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered
in modeling. Slab is modeled as shell element.
• Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.
• The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
• Foundation is assumed to be fully rigid at the basement level.
• The earth pressure of side face wall is not considered on model analysis.
• The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
• Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.

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• Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along
either of the two orthogonal directions of building) and not along the
vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant for design
of structural members suitable load combinations as suggested by IS
1893– 2016 are used.
Figure 1: 3D-Modelof column
2.2 Codes and Standard used

For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are
followed:
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• IS 456- 2000Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
• IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)

for buildings and structures
• IS 1893-2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
• IS 13920-2016 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced

concrete structures subjected to seismic forces
• NBC-105-2019 Nepal Building Code
2.3 Software Used

The following software is used for the structural analysis and design.
ETABS 2018 V 18.1.1 For analysis and design of the structures
For structural modeling of the present building, ETABS software was used. ETABS is
a special purpose finite element analysis and design program developed specifically
for building systems. With ETABS, models are defined logically floor-by-floor,
column-by-column, bay-by-bay and wall-by-wall and not as a stream of non-descript
nodes and elements as in general purpose programs. The software has very powerful
numerical methods, design procedures and international design codes, all working
from a single comprehensive database. At its core, it utilizes the same analysis engine
as used by SAP2000.
Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load
generation, finite element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic
analysis, concrete frame design (column and beam) and shear wall design.
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3 Analysis
3.1 Material properties
3.1.1 Concrete
All components of plain and reinforced concrete unless specified in design are
M20 grade.
Modulus of Elasticity [Ec]= 5000 √fckN/mm2(Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:2000)
= 22360 N/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.24
Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3
Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2
The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength

multiplied by a coefficient 0.67 and divided by the material partial safety
factor. The partial factor for concrete in flexure and axial load is 1.5.
3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Characteristic strength of high yield steel is taken as 415MPa for main rebar
and shear rebar and material partial safety factor is to be1.15.
Modulus of Elasticity [Es] = 2x105 N/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.3
3.2 Section Properties

• Preliminary Size of Members
The preliminary sizes of Beam, Column, and Slab were chosen based on
experience.
Main Beam : 254 mm x 381mm
Secondary Beam : 228.6 mm x 304.8mm
Column(C1) : 355.6 mm x 355.6 mm
Column(C2) : 304.8 mm x 304.8 mm
Column(C3) : 406.4 mm x 406.4 mm
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Slab Thickness : 100 mm
During the analysis, beam and column are modeled as frame elements whereas
slabs are modeled as area element.
3.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural
model:
• The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and
the loads distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements
whenever possible.
• Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different

loading distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far
as possible.
• For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of IS 1893-2016.
3.3.1 Load Cases

The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.
Table 1: Load Cases
Load Load Description Unit Remarks

Name Type
Dead Dead Self-weight of the structure KN/m2
Wall Dead Wall Load KN/m On floor & roof beam
Finish Dead Floor Finish Load KN/m2 On floor & roof slab
Partition Dead Partition Wall Load KN/m2 On floor slab
LL Floor Live Imposed Load KN/m2 On floor slab
LL Terrace Live Imposed Load KN/m2 On terrace slab
EQX Quake Seismic Coefficient IS1893 X+0.05Y
EQY Quake Seismic Coefficient IS1893 Y+0.05X
3.3.2 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on IS 1893 -2016. The following load
combinations are specified as per 1893 -2016:
Page | 7
Static Load Combination:
1.5(DL + LL)
Seismic Load Combination:
1.2(DL + LL ± EQx± EQy)
1.5(DL ± EQx± EQy)
0.9 DL ±1.5 EQx±1.5 EQy
The following load combinations are used during analysis
Table 2: Load Combination
S.N Name Type

1 1.5(DL + LL) 1.5(DL + LL)
2 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx) 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx)
3 1.2(DL + LL - EQx) 1.2(DL + LL - EQx)
4 1.2(DL + LL + EQy) 1.2(DL + LL + EQy)
5 1.2(DL + LL - EQy) 1.2(DL + LL - EQy)
6 1.5(DL + EQx) 1.5(DL + EQx)
7 1.5(DL - EQx) 1.5(DL - EQx)
8 1.5(DL + EQy) 1.5(DL + EQy)
9 1.5(DL - EQy) 1.5(DL - EQy)
10 0.9DL + 1.5EQx 0.9DL + 1.5EQx
11 0.9DL - 1.5EQx 0.9DL - 1.5EQx
12 0.9DL + 1.5EQy 0.9DL + 1.5EQy
13 0.9DL - 1.5EQy 0.9DL - 1.5EQy
3.4 Estimation of Load

The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight
of different structural and non-structural elements is derived from IS 875 Part 1
and presented in Table 3. The load calculations are based on actual measured
drawings. The self-weight of beams, columns and slabs are calculated by the
program. Similarly the imposed loads are applied on the slab as area load in
KN/m2 and values of imposed loads are tabulated as per standard.
• The weight of infill walls are calculated and applied on beams as line weight
in KN/m.
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• Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as
area load in KN/m2.
• Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab.
• Single type of Live load is assigned in each panel of slab.
• A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof
level.
• The roof is assumed accessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian
Standard, IS 875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic
load.
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3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)
Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875 -
1987(part1). Unit weights of different material used are given below.
Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials
S.N Type Value
1 Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
2 Brick Masonry 19kN/m3
3 Screed 23.56 KN/m3
4 Marble 26.5 KN/m3
5 Mosaic finish 20.36 KN/m3
6 Plaster 20.4 KN/m3
Page | 10
Figure 2: Frame Load
3.4.2 Live Load

The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the
building. These are to be chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various
occupancies. The live load distribution varies with time. Hence each member
is designed for worst combination of dead load and live loads. Live loads for
residential building are given below.
Page | 11
Table 4: Live Load for Residential Building
S.N Area type Load Unit

1 Bed Rooms 2.0 KN/m2
2 Terrace (Accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
3 Terrace (Inaccessible) 0.75 KN/m2
4 Staircase and Passage 3 KN/m2
Figure 3: Area Load (Live Load) on Floor Slab
Page | 12
3.4.3 Seismic Load
The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern in
ETABS 2018 as per IS 1893-2016. This load case is assumed static linear and
all the necessary data are given as per the following conditions.
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the
seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2016. The soil type is considered as soft
with 5% damping to determine average response acceleration. Thebuilding is
analyzed as moment resisting frame without consideration of infill wall.
Therefore, the fundamental time period Tais obtained by using the following
formula:
Ta = 0.075h0.75[Cl.7.6.1, IS 1893 -2016]
Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 for Zone V [Table 3, Cl 6.4.2, IS 1893 -2016]
Importance factor, I = 1.2 [Table 8, Cl 7.2.3, IS 1893 -2016]
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for special RC moment resisting frame

(SMRF) [Table 9, Cl 7.2.6, IS 1893 -2016]
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table
10, Cl.7.3.1, IS 1893 (Part 1):2016)
Table 5: Mass Source for Seismic Load
S.N Load Type Scale Factor
1 Dead Load 1
2 Live Load <3 0.25
3 Live Load>3 0.5
3 Roof Live Load 0.25
Page | 13
4 Analysis Output
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both seismic coefficient and
response spectrum methods are used. The major discussion are focused on the
eccentricity, story shear, inter story drift, maximum displacement and base shear
along two orthogonal directions. The column and beam size and reinforcement
are then checked.
4.1 Seismic Coefficient Method

The fundamental time period of the building as given by the software, total
seismic weight and base shear in both orthogonal directions are given in Table
6.
Table 6: Fundamental Time period
Direction Time period (sec)
X 0.723
Y 0.723
According to IS 1893: 2016, clause 7.6.2,
The fundamental time period is,
𝑇𝑎 = 0.075ℎ0.75 = 0.723𝑠𝑒𝑐
Based on program/software calculated time period, seismic coefficient, base

shear and storey shear are as shown in the Table 7 and
Table 8. To calculate these parameters, the following equation has been used
as per code.
The coefficient is given by,
𝑍 𝐼 𝑆𝑎 0.36 1.5 𝑆𝑎
𝐴ℎ = = 𝑥 𝑥
2𝑅 𝑔 2 5 𝑔
And, base shear is given by,
𝑉𝑏 = 𝐴ℎ 𝑊
Page | 14
These values in both the orthogonal direction are tabulated in the Table
7below.
Page | 15
Table 7: Seismic coefficient and base shear
Seismic Weight (KN) 2654.59
Direction X Y
Seismic Coefficient 0.135 0.135
Vb (KN) 358.3728 358.3728
Table 8: Distribution of Story forces
TABLE:
Story
Response
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
5TH 20.5191 Top 11.9648 11.9648
4TH 17.6754 Top 120.8086 120.8086
3RD 14.8316 Top 244.4184 244.4184
2ND 11.9878 Top 320.0189 320.0189
1ST 9.144 Top 350.0508 350.0508
GROUND 5.9436 Top 358.3728 358.3728
BASEMENT 2.7432 Top 358.3728 358.3728
4.2 Modal time period and mass participation

IS 1893: 2016 clause 7.7.5.3 states that number of modes to be used in the
analysis should be such that the sum total of modal masses of all modes
considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic mass of the structure.
Analysis was carried out for first 10 modes so that the mass participation
satisfies this criterion in both orthogonal directions.
TABLE:
Modal
Participating
Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY
sec
Modal 1 0.604 0.5772 0.0512 0 0.5772 0.0512
Modal 2 0.565 0.0617 0.6312 0 0.6389 0.6824
Modal 3 0.477 0.0447 0.0136 0 0.6835 0.696
Page | 16
TABLE:
Modal
Participating
Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY
sec
Modal 4 0.203 0.0728 0.0006 0 0.7563 0.6966
Modal 5 0.186 0.0009 0.0638 0 0.7572 0.7604
Modal 6 0.167 0.0033 0.0025 0 0.7605 0.7629
Modal 7 0.11 0.017 0.002 0 0.7775 0.7649
Modal 8 0.105 0.0017 0.0153 0 0.7792 0.7802
Modal 9 0.094 0.0009 0.000002159 0 0.78 0.7802
Modal 10 0.076 0.0001 0.0061 0 0.7802 0.7863
Modal 11 0.075 0.0079 0.0005 0 0.7881 0.7868
Modal 12 0.066 0.0022 0.0025 0 0.7903 0.7893
Modal 13 0.06 0.0001 0.000003704 0 0.7904 0.7893
Modal 14 0.058 0.000008311 0.0001 0 0.7904 0.7893
Modal 15 0.046 0 0 0 0.7904 0.7893
Modal 16 0.015 0.2092 0.0003 0 0.9995 0.7896
Modal 17 0.013 0.0003 0.2092 0 0.9998 0.9988
Modal 18 0.008 0.0001 0.0008 0 0.9999 0.9996
Modal 19 0.005 0 0 0 0.9999 0.9996
Modal 20 0.004 0 0 0 0.9999 0.9996
Page | 17
5 Force Diagram
The output of forces obtained from ETABS analysis for load combination
DCon2 have presented below as a sample only. The output forces are axial
force, Shear force and Moments.
5.1.1 Axial Force Diagram
Figure 4: Axial Force diagram
Page | 18
5.1.2 Shear Force Diagram
Figure 5: Shear Force diagram
Page | 19
5.1.3 Moment Diagram
Figure 6: Moment diagram
Page | 20
5.2 Joint Reactions
The reactions at the support of column for load combination of (DL + LL) are
as follows:
Figure 7: Joint Level
Page | 21
Table 8: Joint Reactions:
TABLE:
Joint
Design
Reactions
Unique Output
Story Label Name Case Case Type FX FY FZ
kN kN kN
BASEMENT 30 233 DCon2 Combination 11.6276 -3.0022 1770.1328
BASEMENT 34 234 DCon2 Combination 21.7249 0.4481 1389.6491
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
- -
-
BASEMENT 73 254 DCon2 Combination -19.379 -4.1111 161.2197
BASEMENT 91 262 DCon2 Combination -2.4926 34.6627 157.4448
BASEMENT 74 255 DCon2 Combination -18.497 -9.4486 133.9039
Page | 22
TABLE:
Joint
Design
Reactions
Unique Output
Story Label Name Case Case Type FX FY FZ
kN kN kN
BASEMENT 90 260 DCon2 Combination -4.4222 12.7618 110.3967
-
-
-
Page | 23
6 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)
6.1 Design of Beam
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design
Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1ST B9 211 BM 10"X15" DCon3 6172.1 6349.9 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 40 40
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-97.8459 2.1574 79.0357 0.1573
Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-97.8459 3.1726 0 -101.0185
Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu
Page | 24
Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -101.0185 809 0 809 202
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 405 0 0 405
Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
103.7582 0 119.302 34.9262 969.49
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
2.4676 78.5437 194 321 381.02
6.2 Design of Column

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design
Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
5TH C26 169 CM14"X14" DCon11 2462.8 2843.8 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
355.6 355.6 60 30
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Page | 25
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
24.6984 -74.3828 -3.0287 0.494 0.494 1453 1.15
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.770542 2462.8 -5.1708 0 0.494
Minor Bend(M2) 0.80648 2462.8 4.4304 0 0.494
Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 26.1563 58.5483 42.0464 26.1563 394.16
Minor, Vu3 52.3126 58.5483 42.0464 52.3126 394.16
Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 80.8382 565.5077 1264.5 0.143
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 161.6763 565.5077 1264.5 0.286
(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.496 0.909
Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1264.5 14.5 1682.8582 448.393 24.6984 1
Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.866 355.6 5.337 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.866 355.6 5.585 12 No 0
Page | 26
6.3 Design of Slab
1 .Sample Design of Slab

Design Data
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
Dimensions of the slab (c/c distance betn supports),
Length of short span, lx = 3.174 m
Length of long span, ly = 3.861 m
Width of the supporting beam, = 254 mm
Clear cover to main reinforcement = 20 mm
Assume dia. of reinforcement steel = 8 mm
Calculations
Assume the thickness of slab as 127 mm ;
Effective depth, deff = 103 mm
Effective span, lx = 3.174 m (or) 3.023 m whichever is less; = 3.023 m
ly = 3.8609 m (or) 3.71 m whichever is less; = 3.71 m
(ly / lx) = 1.23 < 2 ; Here, (ly / lx) is less than 2
Hence design the slab as two way slab
Load Calculations
Dead Load of slab = 0.127 x 25 = 3.18 KN/m2
Finishes load on slab = 1.00 KN/m2
Total Dead load acting on the slab = 4.18 KN/m2
Live Load on slab = 2.0 KN/m2
Factored Design Load, W = 9.27 KN/m2
Support Condition (Type of panel according to support condition)

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous For this support condition,
Short span coefficient for (ly / lx) = 1.23, Long span coefficient,
For negative moment, ax = 0.0615 For negative moment, ay = 0
For positive moment, ax = 0.0462 For positive moment, ay = 0
Moment Calculation
Max. BM per unit width, Mx = ax w l x 2 & My = ay w l x 2
Mu Mu / bd2 pt Ast, req Ast , min = (0.12/100) bD = 152

KNm N/mm2 % mm2
For Short Span,
Reinforcement details
At mid span, 3.91 0.37 0.0866 89
At supports, 5.21 0.49 0.1154 119 Provide 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midsp
For Long span, supports for short span (Ast pro. =
Page | 27
At mid span, 2.96 0.33 0.0771 79 Provide 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midsp
At supports, 3.98 0.44 0.1033 106 supports for long span (Ast pro. =
Check for Deflection

For Required reinforcemnt.
Required tension reinforcement = 0.115 %
fs = 0.58 fy (Ast req / Ast pro) 290
Refer Fig. 4 of IS 456,
Modification factor Required = 1.65
For Provided reinforcement
Percentage of tension reinforcement = 0.33 %
fs = 0.58 fy (Ast req / Ast pro) = 77
Refer Fig. 4 of IS 456,
Modification factor prov. = 2
( l/ d) basic 23
( l/ d) max = ( l/ d) basic x kt x kc = 46
( l/ d)provided = 29
< ( l/ d) max (i.e. = 46) OK
Hence safe in deflection.
Check for shear

Shear force per m strip (W*lx/2), V = 14.01161 KN/m
Shear stress , (V/bd), τv = 0.110 N/mm2
Pt = 0.33%
τc,permissible = 0.246 N/mm2 Refer Table 23, IS 456
> τv (i.e. = 0.11) OK
Since τc,permissible > τv, so safe in shear.
Page | 28
6.4 Design of Matt Footing
DESIGN OF RAFT FOUNDATION
Design Example 18.5, Page 561, Reinf concrete
A.K.Jain
Name of Project :
Residential building
(Jayaram Aryal)
Given
Data:
F
1 Grade of Steel e 500
2 Grade of Concrete M 20
(X x 355. m 35 m
3 Size of Column Y) 6 m X 5.6 m
Safe Bearing Capacity of 100. KN/
4 Soil 00 m2
(Along X-
5 Diameter of Bars direction) 16 mm
(Along Y-
6 Diameter of Bars direction) 16 mm
1 2 Y 3 4
D D
C
B
X
B
A
O
1 2 3 4
Details of
Columns
Considering column A-1 as M clockwise
origin (O) Moment about X-axis x +ve
Moment about Y-axis M Anticlock
Page | 29
y -ve
Colu Momen Mome

mn X-cord Y-cord Load t My nt Mx
(KN-
(in m) (in m) (KN) (KN-m) m)
A-1 0 0 423.3 0 0
A-2 4.954 0 608.298 0 0
A-3 8.8149 0 463.18 0 0
A-4 13.133 0 461.93 0 0
B-1 0 3.2257 833.92 0 0
B-2 4.954 3.2257 1130 0 0
B-3 8.8149 3.2257 926.43 0 0
B-4 13.133 3.2257 1180.09 0 0
C-1 0 9.5756 719.91 0 0
C-2 4.954 11.1505 892.35 0 0
C-3 8.8149 11.1505 814.15 0 0
C-4 13.133 11.1505 819.733 0 0
Cantilever length from centre line of
columns
Lef
t 3 m Top 3 m
Rig Botto
ht 3 m m 3 m
To Run the Program Press < Ctrl+w >
Total Vetical Column 9273.29

Load P = 1 KN
Eccentricity along x-
direction
Taking moment of column forces about the grid 1-1
x = 6.987 m
e
x = 6.987 - 6.5665
= 0.420 m
Eccentricity along y-
direction
Taking moment of column forces about

the grid A-A
y = 4.768 m
e
y = 4.768 - 5.57525
= -0.807 m
Page | 30
I 15.5
3
x = 19.133 X 756
12
m
4
= 6024.71
I 19.1
3
y = 15.576 X 33
12
m
4
= 9091.02
19.1
A = 15.576 X 33
m
2
= 298.007955
K
Mxx - N
= P.ey = 7487.13 m
K
Myy N
= P.ex = 3895.29 m
P/A KN/
= 31.12 m2
Soil pressure at different points is as

follows
P Myy Mxx
 = + .x + .y
A Iy Ix
Corne
r C-4
-
3895
7487
C- .29 9.56 8.5
= 31.12 + - .13
4 65 753
9091 6024
.02 .71
4.09
= 31.12 + 9 - -10.657
KN
= 45.873 /m2
Corne
r A-4
Page | 31
A-
+ 4.09 +
4 = 31.12 9 -10.657
KN
= 24.560 /m2
Corne
r C-1
C- 4.09
- -
1 = 31.12 9 -10.657
KN
= 37.675 /m2
Corne
r A-1
A- 4.09
- +
1 = 31.12 9 -10.657
KN
= 16.362 /m2
Grid
B-4
B-
+ 4.09 +
4 = 31.12 9 -2.920
KN
= 32.297 /m2
Grid
B-1
B- 4.09
- +
1 = 31.12 9 -2.920
KN
= 24.099 /m2
Maximum Soil Pressure 45.8 100. KN/

= 73 KN/m2 < 00 m2
H
e
n
c O
e K
In the X-direction, the raft is divided in
three strips :-
(
i Strip
) C-C
Widt 6.96
h = 24 m
45.8 KN/
Soil Pressure = 73 m2
Spa
n = 4.95 m
Page | 32
45.8 2
Maximum moment = X 5
73 10
112. KN
= 58 m/m
(
i
i Strip
) B-B
Widt 5.57
h = 525 m
39.0 KN/
Spa
n = 4.95 m
39.0 2
85 10
95.9 KN
= 2 m/m
(
i
i
i Strip
) A-A
Widt 4.61
h = 285 m
28.4 KN/
Spa
n = 4.95 m
28.4 2
28 10
69.7 KN
= 7 m/m
Cantilever Moment along X-

direction
45.8 KN/
Spa
n = 3.00 m
45.8 2
Maximum moment = X 3.0
73 2
206. KN
= 43 m/m
(
i
i Str
i ip 4-4
Page | 33
)
Maximum Soil Pressure 45.8 100. KN/
= 73 KN/m2 < 00 m2
Spa 7.92
n = 48 m
45.8 2
73 8
360. KN
= 12 m/m
Cantilever Moment along X-

direction
45.8 KN/
Spa
n = 3.00 m
45.8 2
Maximum moment = X 3.0
73 2
206. KN
= 43 m/m
Theref
ore,
KN
Maximum Factored Bending m/
Moment = 540.18 m
 b
Limiting Moment of c d
2
Resistance = 0.133 k
Therefore depth
required d = 460 mm
Check for Punching Shear :
Let depth 50 m
required = 0 m
Shear Strength of ks
Concrete = c
Whe
re ks = 1 + c
Short dimension of column
c = = 1
Long dimension of column
Theref
ore ks = 1
0.2 
5 c N/m
c = k m2
1.1 N
= 2 /
Page | 34
m
m
2
He
nc
e,
1.
Shear Strength of 1 N/m
Concrete = 2 m2
For Corner Column

b 855. 85
Perimeter o = 856 + 856 + 6 + 5.6
m
= 3422 m
122959
Nominal Shear  Vu 9.5
= =
Stress v 171120
bod 0
N/m
= 0.72 m2
For Side Column

b 85
Perimeter o = 856 + 856 + 856 + 5.6
m
= 3422 m
177013
Nominal Shear  Vu 5
= =
Stress v 171120
bod 0
N/m
= 1.03 m2
  N/m
v - c = -0.08 m2
Hence Effective depth is O.K.
Therefore effective depth
required = 500 mm
Adopt effective depth = 500 mm
Overall depth = 540 mm
Development Length :
0.87
Development length
= y 
Ld
4 bd
whe
re, bd = 1.6 x 1.2 = 1.92
Page | 35
Therefore,
L
d 5 
= 9
mm
bars
(along
F X-
o 1 directio
r 6 n)
L
d m
= 944 m
mm
bars
(along
F Y-
o 1 directio
r 6 n)
L
d m
= 944 m
Reinforcement in long direction
0.87 y Ast (d -
M = yAst/ckb)
A
43 st 0.02
3.10E+08 = 5 ( 500 - 5 Ast )
A A
st 2175 s
2
10.875 - 00 t + 3.10E+08 = 0
A
st = 1543 mm2/m
Minimum reinforcement
required = 0.12%
m
m
2
/
= 648 m
m
m
2
Therefore area of steel /
required = 1543 m
mm  in long
Prov bars directio
ide 16 @ 140 mm C/C n
Page | 36
(At top and bottom)
Reinforcement in short
direction
0.87 y Ast (d -
M = yAst/ckb)
A
43 st 0.02
5.40E+08 = 5 ( 500 - 5 Ast )
A A
st 2175 s
2
10.875 - 00 t + 5.40E+08 = 0
A
st = 2906 mm2/m
Minimum reinforcement
required = 0.12%
m
m
2
/
= 648 m
m
m
2
Therefore area of steel /
required = 2906 m
mm  in short
Prov bars directio
ide 16 @ 70 mm C/C n
(At top and bottom)
DRAWING
19.13
1
17.15
1 4 mm
6 mm  bars@ 0 c/c
(top &
bottom)
Page | 37
mm

1 bars 7
6 @ 0 mm c/c
(top & bottom)
1 mm # m
6  # m
bars c/c
@
0.540
1 mm 7 m
6  0 m
bars c/c
@
Note : (1) All
dimension in
m where not
specified
(2) Drawing
not to scale
(Reinforcement Details)
Page | 38
7 References
➢ IS 456- 2000Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
➢ IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)

for buildings and structures
➢ IS 1893-2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
➢ IS 13920-2016 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced

concrete structures subjected to seismic forces
➢ NBC 105-2019 Nepal Building Code
➢ Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain
➢ ETABS manual V 18
Page | 39

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Structural Design Report

This report comprises the summary of the design Residential building.

The Designer will not be responsible if any alteration to the structural

The design calculations and derivations presented here are limited to

Er. Ghanshyam Upreti

Figure 1: 3D-Modelof Building ..................................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Frame Load (Wall Load) .............................................................................. 11

Figure 3: Area Load (Live Load) on Floor Slab .......................................................... 12

Figure 4: Envelope - Axial Force diagram: ................................................................. 17

Figure 5: Envelope-Shear Force diagram .................................................................... 18

Figure 6: Envelope -Moment diagram ......................................................................... 19

Figure 7: Joint Level .................................................................................................... 20

Table 1: Load Cases ....................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Load Combination ........................................................................................... 8

Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials ............................................................................... 10

Table 4: Live Load for Residential Building ............................................................... 12

Table 5: Mass Source for Seismic Load ...................................................................... 13

Table 6: Fundamental Time period .............................................................................. 14

Table 7: Seismic coefficient and base shear ................................................................ 15

Table 8: Distribution of Story forces ........................................................................... 15

1.2 Salient Features

Location : Thimi, Bhaktapur

Plinth Area : 162.696 square m.

Total Floor Area : 667.1 square m.

Total land Area : 313.80 square m.

Floor area Ratio Total Floor Area/Total

Plinth area /Total land

1.2.2 Building Features

Type of Building : Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure

Plinth level : As per architectural drawing

Roof floor Type : Accessible, Terrace

Walls : Brick walls

Footing Type : Matt Foundation

Storey Height : 2.8438 m.

No of Storey : Basement+Ground Floor + Five Storey

1.2.3 Site Condition

Allowable bearing pressure : 100 KN/m2(Assumed as per site soil)

Seismic Zone Factor : 0.36

• The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting

• For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete are used.

• Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.

• Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.

• The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.

• Foundation is assumed to be fully rigid at the basement level.

• The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.

• Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.

Figure 1: 3D-Modelof column

2.2 Codes and Standard used

• IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)

• IS 1893-2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,

• IS 13920-2016 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced

• NBC-105-2019 Nepal Building Code

2.3 Software Used

ETABS 2018 V 18.1.1 For analysis and design of the structures

Modulus of Elasticity [Ec]= 5000 √fckN/mm2(Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:2000)

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.24

Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3

Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2

The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength

3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Modulus of Elasticity [Es] = 2x105 N/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.3

3.2 Section Properties