Salient point of API 610 a piping stress engineer needs to know

1)Relevant industry operating experience suggests pumps produced to this International Standard are cost
effective
When pumping liquids at conditions exceeding any one of the following:
Discharge pressure (gauge) 1 900 kPa (275 psi; 19,0 bar)
Suction pressure (gauge) 500 kPa (75 psi; 5,0 bar)
Pumping temperature 150 °C (300 °F)
Rotative speed 3 600 r/min
Rated total head 120 m (400 ft)
Impeller diameter, overhung pumps 330 mm (13 in)

NOTE For sealless pumps, reference can be made to API Std 685. For heavy duty pump applications in industries
other than petroleum, petrochemical and gas processing, reference can be made to ISO 9905.

2)The equipment (including auxiliaries) covered by this International Standard shall be designed and
constructed for a minimum service life of 20 years (excluding normal-wear parts as identified in Table
20) and at least 3 years of uninterrupted operation.
3)The vendor shall specify on the data sheets the NPSH3 based on water [at a temperature of less than 55
°C (130 °F)] at the rated flow and rated speed. A reduction or correction factor for liquids other than
water (such as hydrocarbons) shall not be applied.
The purchaser should consider an appropriate NPSH margin in addition to the NPSH3 specified. An
NPSH margin is the NPSH that exists in excess of the pump's NPSH3. It is usually desirable to have
an operating NPSH margin that is sufficient at all flows (from minimum continuous stable flow to
maximum expected operating flow) to protect the pump from damage caused by flow recirculation,
separation and cavitation.

4)The arrangement of the equipment, including piping and auxiliaries, shall be developed jointly by the
purchaser and the vendor. The arrangement shall provide adequate clearance areas and safe access
for
operation and maintenance.

5)Openings for nozzles and other pressure casing connections shall be standard pipe sizes. Openings of
DN 32, DN 65, DN 90, DN 125, DN 175 and DN 225 (NPS 1 1/4, NPS 2 1/2, NPS 3 1/2, NPS 5, NPS 7
and NPS 9) shall not be used.

6)Suction and discharge nozzles shall be flanged, except those on pumps with forged casings, which shall
be flanged or machined and studded. One- and two-stage pumps shall have suction and discharge
flanges of equal rating.

7)Cast iron flanges shall be flat-faced and, except as noted in 6.4.2.4, conform to the dimensional
requirements of ISO 7005-2 and the flange finish requirements of ANSI/ASME B16.1 or ANSI/ASME
B16.42. PN20 (Class 125) flanges shall have a minimum thickness equal to that of PN40 (Class 250)
flanges for sizes DN 200 (NPS 8) and smaller.

8)The pressure casing shall be designed to

 a) Operate without leakage or internal contact between rotating and stationary components while
subject simultaneously to the MAWP (and maximum operating temperature) and the worst-case
combination of twice the allowable nozzle loads of Table 5 applied through each nozzle;
b) Withstand the hydrostatic test (see 8.3.2).

NOTE: - The twice-nozzle-load requirement is a pressure-casing design criterion. Allowable nozzle loads for
piping designers are the values given in Table 5, which, in addition to pressure casing design, include other
factors that affect allowable nozzle loads, such as casing support and baseplate stiffness.

9)Steel and alloy-steel horizontal pumps and their baseplates, vertical in-line pumps with supports
anchored to the foundation, and vertically suspended pumps shall be designed for satisfactory
performance if subjected to the forces and moments in Table 5 applied simultaneously to both suction
and discharge nozzles in the worst case combination for the pump in question. For horizontal pumps,
two effects of nozzle loads are considered: distortion of the pump casing (see 8) and misalignment of
the pump and driver shafts (see 7.3.20).
Allowable forces and moments for vertical in-line pumps with supports not anchored to the foundation
may be twice the values in Table 5 for side nozzles.
For pump casings constructed of materials other than steel or alloy steel or for pumps with nozzles
larger than DN 400 (NPS 16), the vendor shall submit allowable nozzle loads corresponding to the
format in Table 5.
10) Annex F gives methods of qualifying nozzle loads in excess of those in Table 5. The purchaser should
be aware that the use of the methods in Annex F can result in a misalignment up to 50 % greater than
that based on the loads given in Table 5 and can impact equipment installation criteria. The use of the
methods in Annex F requires approval by the purchaser and specific direction to the piping designers
for its use.
11) To minimize misalignment of the pump and driver shafts due to piping load effects, the pump and its
baseplate shall be constructed with sufficient structural stiffness to limit displacement of the pump shaft
at the drive end of the shaft or at the register fit of the coupling hub to the values shown in Table 13.

Sources:

 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries, ANSI/API STANDARD
610,ELEVENTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2010,ERRATA, JULY 2011
 For image thomasnet.com, apexpump.com

Salient point of ASME B16.5 a piping stress engineer needs to know

1) Flanges with rating class designations 150,300,400,600,900 and 1500 in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through
NPS 24 and flanges with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 12, with
requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt
holes expressed in inch units.
2) This Standard is limited to
a. Flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials
b. Blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate material.

3) This Standard states values in both SI (Metric) and U.S. Customary units. As an exception,
diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes are expressed in inch units only. These systems of units are
to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are shown in
parentheses or in separate tables that appear in Mandatory Appendix II. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, it is required that each system of units be used
independently of the other. Except for diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes, combining values
from the two systems constitutes nonconformance with the Standard.
4) Pressure Rating Designation. Class, followed by a dimensionless number, is the designation for
Pressure–temperature ratings as follows:
Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
5) Size. NPS, followed by a dimensionless number, is the designation for nominal flange or flange
fitting size. NPS is related to the reference nominal diameter, DN, used in international standards.
The relationship is, typically, as follows:
NPS DN
1/2 15
3/4 20
1 25
1 1/4 32
1 1/2 40
2 50
2 1/2 65
3 80
4 100

GENERAL NOTE: For NPS ≥ 4, the related DN = 25 multiplied by the NPS number.
6) Pressure–temperature ratings are maximum allowable working gage pressures in bar units at the
temperatures in degrees Celsius shown in Tables 2-1.1 through 2-3.19 for the applicable material
and class designation. Tables II-2-1.1 through II-2-3.19 of Mandatory Appendix II list pressure–
temperature ratings using psi units for pressure at the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. For
intermediate temperatures, linear interpolation is permitted. Interpolation between class
designations is not permitted.
7) A flanged joint is composed of separate and independent, although interrelated components: the
flanges, gasket, and bolting, which are assembled by another influence, the assembler. Proper
controls must be exercised in the selection and application for all these elements to attain a joint
that has acceptable leak tightness. Special techniques, such as controlled bolt tightening, are
described in ASME PCC-1.
8) Mixed Flanged Joints. If the two flanges in a flanged joint do not have the same pressure–
temperature rating, the rating of the joint at any temperature is the lower of the two flange ratings at
that temperature.
9) The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the pressure-
containing shell of the component. In general, this temperature is the same as that of the contained
fluid. Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of the contained fluid
is the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable codes and regulations. For
any temperature below −29°C (−20°F), the rating shall be no greater than the rating shown for
−29°C (−20°F).
10) High Temperature. Application at temperatures in the creep range will result in decreasing bolt
loads as relaxation of flanges, bolts, and gaskets takes place. Flanged joints subjected to thermal
gradients may likewise be subject to decreasing bolt loads. Decreased bolt loads diminish the
capacity of the flanged joint to sustain loads effectively without leakage. At temperatures above
200°C (400°F) for Class 150 and above 400°C (750°F) for other class designations, flanged joints
may develop leakage problems unless care is taken to avoid imposing severe external loads,
severe thermal gradients, or both.
 11) System Hydrostatic Testing. Flanged joints and flanged fittings may be subjected to system
hydrostatic tests at a pressure of 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) rating rounded off to the next higher 1
bar (25 psi) increment. Testing at any higher pressure is the responsibility of the user, taking into
account the requirements of the applicable code or regulation.
12) Multiple Material Grades. Material for flanges and flanged fittings may meet the requirements of
more than one specification or the requirements of more than one grade of a specification listed in
Table 1A.
13) Nominal Pipe Size. As applied in this Standard, the use of the phrase “nominal pipe size” or the
designation NPS followed by a dimensionless number is for the purpose of pipe, flange, or flanged
fitting end connection size identification. The number is not necessarily the same as the flange or
flanged fitting inside diameter.
14) Material. Material shall be identified in the following way:
a. Cast flanges and flanged fittings shall be marked with the ASTM specification, 2 grade identification
symbol (letters and numbers), and the melt number or melt identification.
b. Plate flanges, forged flanges, and flanged fittings shall be marked with the ASTM specification
number and grade identification symbol.2

( 2 An ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II specification number may be substituted
for an ASTM specification number provided the requirements of the ASME specification are
identical to or more stringent than the ASTM specification for the Grade, Class, or Type of material.)

15) Materials required for flanges and flanged fittings are listed in Table 1A with the restriction that plate
materials shall be used only for blind flanges and reducing flanges without hubs. Flanges and
flanged fittings shall be manufactured as one piece in accordance with the applicable material
specification. Assembly of multiple pieces into the finished product by welding or other means is not
permitted by this Standard.
16) Recommended bolting materials are listed in Table 1B.
17) Corresponding materials listed in Section II of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code may be
used provided that the requirements of the ASME specification are identical to or more stringent
than the ASTM specification for the Grade, Class, or type of material.
18) High-Strength Bolting. Bolting materials having allowable stresses not less than those for ASTM
A193 Grade B7 are listed as high strength in Table 1B. These and other materials of comparable
strength may be used in any flanged joint.
19) Intermediate Strength Bolting. Bolting materials listed as intermediate strength in Table 1B, and
other bolting of comparable strength, may be used in any flanged joint provided the user verifies
their ability to seat the selected gasket and maintain a sealed joint under expected operating
conditions.
20) Low-Strength Bolting. Bolting materials having no more than 206 MPa (30 ksi) specified minimum
yield strength are listed as low strength in Table 1B. These materials and others of comparable
strength are to be used only in Class 150 and 300 flanged joints and only with gaskets described in
para. 5.4.2. Flanged assemblies using low-strength carbon steel bolts should not be used above
200°C (400°F) or below −29°C (−20°F).
21) Bolting material shall not be used beyond temperature limits specified in the governing code.
22) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II materials may also be used, provided the
requirements of the ASME specification are identical or more stringent than the corresponding
ASTM specification for the Grade, Class, or Type listed.
23) Repair welding of bolting material is prohibited.
24) Ring joint gasket materials shall conform to ASME B16.20. Materials for other gaskets are
described in Nonmandatory Appendix B. The user is responsible for selection of gasket materials
that will withstand the expected bolt loading without injurious crushing and that are suitable for the
service conditions.

Sources:
 ASME B16.5-2013 (Revision of ASME B16.5-2009)
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (NPS 1⁄2 Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard)
Note: For above mentioned table and paragraph please refer the code.