Emma Martinez - 4

Annotated Bibliography - Source #1
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Citation
Ansani, Alessandro, et al. “‘You Will Be Judged by the Music I Hear’: A Study on the Influence of Music on Moral
Judgement.” Web Intelligence (2405-6456), vol. 17, no. 1, Jan. 2019, pp. 53–62. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.3233/WEB-190400.
Does this connect to another article(s)? If so, drop an in-text citation here. For example, (Daly, 2020).
Important Vocabulary & Phrases
- Moral judgment based on music taste Influences on moral judgment through inducing emotions
- Anger induced by music - harsher - Semantic: high complex processing (listening/ reading,
- Happier induced music - good mood watching something)
- Non - semantic: low processing (smell, taste, listen, even a
specific color)
Summary of Key Findings
163 participates (76 m, 87 f) Page 58

Participates given a condition. Afterwards answered 6 vignettes and
had to morally judge them.
Results based on scale of emotion:

Joy (18.98) - fast pieces (most common: Mozart)
Relaxation (38.32) - slow, in minor
Sadness (28.64) - complexity rhythm structure
Annoyance (31.65) - slow, tranquil pieces (most common: Legeti)
Hypothesis: “Music can influence the harshness of moral judgements

much like other non-semantic stimuli do”
Played about 3 minute long piano solos
❏ Summarize significant findings or key information from the source

❏ Evaluate the credibility and relevance of the source as it pertains to your inquiry
❏ Quotes from the source that are applicable to your inquiry (where necessary)
❏ Reflect on whether or not the source will be used in your academic paper and if not, why not.
This article focuses on how the music you listen to can affect people's moral judgment of you. Alessandro Ansani, Francesca D’Errico,
and Isabella Poggi believe t hat the specific music that you listen to can affect how someone reacts to what you say or do. It will overall
decide how the person reflects you. These authors used a trial of 163 people, with the average age of 31. The results showed that from
the various classical artists listened to and the answer to the moral vignette they were to answer afterwards, exhibits that most were in
a state of relaxation.

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Citation
Pan, Fada, et al. “The Audio-Visual Integration Effect on Music Emotion: Behavioral and Physiological Evidence.” PLoS
ONE, vol. 14, no. 5, May 2019, pp. 1–21. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217040.
Audio-visual representation Know how it affects people emotionally different then audio
representation
- Creates a more impactful and stronger emotional response
Multiply sensory modalities The use of multiple smses in order to create a visual and meaningful
representation of something
- Ex. cup in hand = vision and touching
32 undergraduate students (16 male, 16 female) Pages 4-6

- Average age of 20
Study done by visual and auditory stimuli separately
- Photos that show negativity and positivity
- 4 pieces of music (neg. and pos.)
Both were seen and listened to separately in order to record the
emotional responses to the photos and the audio.
- Both components were then put together and the emotional
responses were recorded.
- Results showed that the brain produced a stronger emotional
response then that of showing the photos and audio
separately
Equipment used included an MP150, EMG, SKT, and EEG in order to
accurately record the brain activity of the participants.

❏ Quote from the source that are applicable to your inquiry (where necessary)
From this source I found that audio-visual representations produce a stronger response to the brain then that of showing or seeing something on
its own. This source ultimately concluded that the use of audio-visual representations can trigger a better and stronger emotional response. THis
paper was written by Li Zhang, Yuhong Ou, Xinni Zhang, all professors at School of Education Science and Nantong University. I think that this
source could be used as very strong evidence in my future paper. While I don’t have a complete idea of what that is yet, this information could
very well be useful.

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Citation
Pereira, Freda Cota E., and V. R. Shinde. “Impact of Psychological Interventions in Reducing Anxiety among
Adolescents.” Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, vol. 9, no. 5, May 2018, pp. 745–747. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=130685938&site=ehost-live.
Psychological Intervention: Use of psychotherapy in order to discover the root of an issue or

problem in your life. In this case, anxiety and stress levels in
adolescents.
Anxiety: Testing anxiety and stress levels of college students before and after
physiological intervention
Study conducted of 200 undergrad students Page 746

Anxiety test used = Sinha’s Comprehensive Anxiety Test
Psychological Intervention used = therapeutic counseling on anxiety
and parent-child relationships
Table of results :
Conclusion made about study: Significant drop in anxiety levels

post-test proves that psychological intervention of counseling reduces
anxiety in adolescents

❏ Quote from the source that are applicable to your inquiry (where necessary)
While this study was short and straight to the point, it provided a lot of information about adolescents and the root of their anxiety. By simply
assessing and talking about why a student is stressed or has anxiety can almost instantly recover or at least decrease the levels of anxiety in the
person. THis study was done by Freda Cota E. Pereia, a professor in the psychology department at MES College of Arts and COmmerce, as well
as V.R. Shinde, a professor in the psychology department at Savitribai Phule Pune University. This source's conclusion states that “ the
psychological interventions have significantly brought down the comprising of Goa colleges. anxiety level of adolescents.” While straight to the
point. This simple study can be taken into the hands of something bigger. I used this specific paper in my bibliography because anxiety and music
as a whole is something I think I want to research. While therapy was used in this instance, the study proves that psychological intervention as a
whole can lower stress levels in adolescents.


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Citation
MTV. “Khalid Breaks Down The Teen Experience - MTV PUSH (Video Clip).” MTV, 2017,
www.mtv.com/video-clips/n6nr7z/push-khalid-breaks-down-the-teen-experience.
“Youth drives me” N/A

“I wanna be young at the age of 40 and I wanna be young at the age of
60 because I like to have fun”
“Youth is there”
Kahild talks about how his music represents youth and having fun and
realizing that you’re only a teenager for so long and you need to live
those days to the fullest.
This supports the idea that older generations may not understand the
music teenagers listen to, simply because of the fact that they can’t
relate on a level that someone younger can.

While this is from MTV, this is coming directly from the artist himself. In this video, Khaild talks about how youth is alive in all of us and no matter
how old you are, you still have a youthful spirit. Coming directly from the artist and talking about his experiences, the credibility of what is said is
unbiased as it relates directly from him. One of my favorite quotes said in this short video clip is when Khaild said that “I wanna be young at the
age of 40 and I wanna be young at the age of 60 because I like to have fun.” This quotes alludes to the fact that he writes his music on the basis
of having fun as a teen. THis source, while short, can be used as a great source of quotes to support the idea of youth and connecting to songs
created by Gen Z.

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Citation
Novitz, David. “Disputes about Art.” Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticism, vol. 54, no. 2, Spring 1996, p. 153.
EBSCOhost, doi:10.2307/431087.
“Only by emphasizing this can we come to terms with the passionate Pg. 1
concerns and interests that humans vest in their social life and that are
so much a part of all classificatory disputes about art.”
“In creating works of art we humanize the earth as we can in no other Pg. 2
way, we warm it for ourselves, make it a place we belong.”
“Since art is important to people, since it meets or fails to meet their Pg. 3
preferences and deep needs, and is praised or condemned
accordingly, we may confidently say that it serves certain functions in
human lives.”
This paper elaborates how the varying perceptions of art may differ N/A
based on a subject of expertise, connections they are able to make, or
personal affairs. Most commonly repeated throughout the paper is the
author's son. The introduction illustrated the arguments the two used to
have about a certain subject or thing being classified as “art” or not.

This paper elaborates on the differing ideas of how people classify “art.” The authors go into multiple events of his own son and him getting into
arguments in what his son classified as art rather than himself and how they differed year to year. OVerall, the paper illustrates the ultimate idea
that people's perceptions of things differ based on your own experiences. This source is by David Novitz especially talks about his own personal
experiences with his son. The overall idea mentioned in this paper states that “Only by emphasizing this can we come to terms with the
passionate concerns and interests that humans vest in their social life and that are so much a part of all classificatory disputes about art.” This
source can be very useful towards my paper solely for the overall idea looked at in this paper. While this is special about art, it can easily be
transferred to the idea of music and the perceptions that older generations have the newer creations of music.

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Citation
SHEFFIELD, ROB. “Billie Eilish: Pop’s Raw Teen Queen.” Rolling Stone, no. 1328, June 2019, p. 31. EBSCOhost,
This source I felt like connected to my source of a short video clip of Khalid talking about “the teen experience” and how/why he targets the
audience he does and the message he wants to portray to his fans.
“She wrote her first song at 11, as Walking Dead Messages she portrays in her song
fanfiction, but the pulp horror in her music feels like her
authentic way to vent the rage of a young girl battling to
grow up on her own terms. You can hear it in the way she
snarls, "I'm not your baby," or how she tilted her 2017 EP
Don't Smile at Me. When she sings "You Should See Me
in a Crown," the punchline is how she refused to wait
around for anyone to crown her.”
“But Eilish didn't just pick up rappers' swagger — she People underestimate younger artists, however, most of the time they
studied their way of working under the radar, adapting the work the hardest in order to produce the best music.
mixtape pace. She didn't bother with a radio-friendly hit,
the way upstarts are supposed to break. Instead, she's a
full-on album artist — at a time when experts keep telling
us albums are obsolete.”
This source is an excerpt from the Rolling Stone specifically talking

about her music and her processes of writing music. This starts to
support the idea of the reason why artists of this age write what theft
write.

This source from the Rolling Stones summarizes Billie Eilishs story of her writing and the reasons behind her lyrics. This source evaluates a
deeper understanding of her lyrics and her unique beats and harmonies. THis is a source of credibility as most if not all of the quotes are directly
from her and her own story. This is a great source of information as it directly comes from an artist that I listen to along with many other people my
age. This gives insight and detail to questions older generations to people who don't listen to her music may have on her unique style of music.
The most relevant and helpful quote from this source states that”“She wrote her first song at 11, as Walking Dead fanfiction, but the
pulp horror in her music feels like her authentic way to vent the rage of a young girl battling to grow up on her own
terms. You can hear it in the way she snarls, "I'm not your baby," or how she tilted her 2017 EP Don't Smile at Me.
When she sings "You Should See Me in a Crown," the punchline is how she refused to wait around for anyone to crown
her.” This is a source that can definitely be used in my paper as a direct source from an artist of my time.


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Citation
Kirkegaard, Annemette, and Jonas Otterbeck. “Introduction: Researching Popular Music Censorship.” Popular Music &
Society, vol. 40, no. 3, July 2017, pp. 257–260. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/03007766.2017.1307656.
This source may have a slight connection to the “Disputes about Art” article.
The Nordic network “Researching Music Censorship” (RMC) was Pg. 258
initiated in 2010 and funded by the Nordic research agency, NordForsk,
an inter-Nordic organization for research funding. At the outset, the aim
of the network was stated as follows:
to question the often uncomplicated and simplified definitions of the
concept in popular discourse, and based on a firm understanding of
music as a socially organized means of communication and through
identification and documentation of discourses on restrictions and
regulations in musical expression, the participating researchers will
examine global, regional and local frameworks for music censorship.
(RMC website)
Six total Articles discussed in the paper, all of which relate to the RMC Pg. 258-259
and the issues behind it:
- First two “deal in different ways with censorship and moral
considerations in connection with music and school
shootings”
- 3rd and 4th “address the negotiations of spaces for musical
expressions in two former states”
- Last two articles “look into the phenomenon of regulation and
its relationship to censorship.”

This explores and evaluates the issues with the censorship of music, in the sense of radio, schools, etc. IT addresses the fact that the
regulations while are trying to protect younger viewers from explicit language also take parts of a song that may offend people, when
really it's just simply a message the artist may be trying to get across. It suggests that the strict regulations take away from artists
freedom of speech. This paper was a complication of multiple papers talking about the issues of censorship, all of which were sighted
in the paper. A valuable source from this paper states that “the fear of restrictions and the subsequent incitement to self-censorship
are not easily reduced to universal terms, but are rather continually shifting following the political and social requirements of
governments as well as aesthetic and/or moral currents in social movements.” This can be a value source to use that might bring a
different perspective or new information. As it explored a topic that may not be thought about when on the topic of pop-music.

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Citation
McAndrew, Frank. “Why Old People Hate New Music.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 1 Oct. 2019,
www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/out-the-ooze/201910/why-old-people-hate-new-music.
(Ansani, 2019)
The mere exposure effect The more familiar we become with something and exposed to, we more
likely create a fondness for it and adapt to its presence.
Emotional Stability of a teen Teens are in a constant emotional state of mind due to constant
change in brain activity.
- Personal experiences -- connection to music
-Music taste starts to develop between the ages of 13-14 N/A

-By the time you are 20, your music taste is very unlikely to change
-”the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords
and other musical elements gets worse with age, so new, unfamiliar
songs may in fact sound more alike to older ears than to younger ears.”
-Newer music is meant to target younger generations, therefore it’s
hard for older generations to “connect” to it on the level teens do
-”These strong emotions are clearly related to changes
in the brain’s sensitivity to certain types of information during
adolescence. Emotions signal the brain that important events are
happening, and the teen years are chock full of important social
feedback about one’s skills, attractiveness, status, and desirability as a
mate.
The article explores the ideas of why older generations have a hard time understanding the music made by this generation. It asserts
various reasons or to why this may be the case. Frank McAndrew, a Professor of Psychology at Knox University explores ideas of the
teenage years and its effect on our music taste, to understand the familiarization of beats and harmonies of a song and how it affects
what a person likes and doesn't like. McAndrew focuses his career on environmental psychology, and the sciences of psychology as
well. One of the most valuable quotes from this source that will be very useful in my paper is that “the brain’s ability to make subtle
distinctions between different chords and other musical elements gets worse with age, so new, unfamiliar songs may in fact sound
more alike to older ears than to younger ears.” This Created a deeper understanding of one of the many reasons as to why older
generations don’t understand newer music. It may not always be “personal preference” rather a psychology intervention of the brain>
This source is going to be very helpful in my research paper, as it gave my specific numbers and very clear and credible reasons as to
why older generations have a different view on new music.


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Citation
Newton, David. “The Wylde Interview: Tate McRae.” WYLDE MAGAZINE, WYLDE MAGAZINE, 15 May 2020,
wyldemag.com/interviews/2020/4/17/the-wylde-interview-tate-mcrae
(MTV, 2017)
“One Day” First song posted--went viral

-Although young when she posted the song, it spoke to teenagers of all
ages
Writes her songs on what she feeling and tried to connect with her
listeners
-Tate expresses that when writing new songs her ultimate approach is
to mess with/improvise her melodies before she starts writing lyrics
-she says that her lyrics will always convey a clear message
-According to Tate, ”the result is a collection of songs that offer an
intriguing window into the psyche of a young woman dealing with the
tumult of emotion that teenage years can bring.”
-Her lyrics are ultimately the reason that she blew up the way she did
bc she connected with so many of her listeners.
This interview conducted by WYLDE, interviews Tate Mcrae, a young artist, very well known for her songs reflecting on the teenage
years and the struggles that we go through in those years. She talks about how she started her music career and how she simply wrote
songs on how she was feeling, not understanding that people feel the same way she does. Once she realized this, she strived to
connect to her listeners in order to make them feel safe and not alone in whatever they may be going through. THis source is credible
only in the fact that the majority of the information is coming directly from the artist herself and her thought process and reasons for
her songs, therefore, it’s credible. One of the most useful quotes said in this interview by Tate was that “having garnered her so much
attention, Tate’s videos have also become a valuable opportunity to connect with people. “It’s crazy to know that so many of my
listeners live through the same problems and situations that I do. My favourite part is when people come up to me and are able to be
honest and feel like they can talk to me about anything.” These interviews by artists are thruthfull going to be my most valuable
resource for my paper because it’s coming directly from artists that I’m researching, therefore, it gives me direct insight into everything
they write and why they write what they do.


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Citation
Griffin, Marybec, and Adele Fournet. “F**k B*tches Raw on the Kitchen Floor: A Feminist Examination of Condom
Messages in Hip Hop and Rap Music, 1991–2017.” Sexuality & Culture, vol. 24, no. 1, Feb. 2020, pp. 291–304.
EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09638-y.
(Kirkegaard, 2017)
Sexual Health Media has an influence on people's (especially teens) behaviors and
values - most commonly associated with sexual activity/behaviors.
Condom Use Use of contraceptives may be expressed in a positive sense towards

teens - therefore more likely to use them
Rap Music With increase in rap music, explicit sexaul messages are not being
expressed more commonly
Popular Music Teens are more likely to listen to music of today and connect/apply the
messages to their own personal experiences
Adolescents Adolescents often learn and do what they see and hear in pop culture
film and music
Lyrical Analysis of top ten albums between 1991-2017 on Billboards

R&B and Hip hop
- 1171 contain explicit sexual messages
- Total of 3732 songs
- 98 mention condoms
Adolescents are more susceptible to internalizing values set in pop

culture music
- Influence sexual behavior
- Safe sex promototed through songs
Teens more influenced by pop culture then any education system

This source evaluates the susceptibility of adolescents on pop culture music, especially focusing on R&B and HipHop. This study was
conducted through the lyrical analysis of about 3000 in the same genre and the expressive language used pertaining to sexual activity
and condom use. The authors, Marybec Griffin , a professor in the Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy at Rutgers
University, as well as Adele Fournet, a music and humanities professor, stated in their paper that “adolescents are especially
susceptible to internalizing the values depicted in mass and social media, and recent research shows that media messages influence
adolescent intentions for sexual activity above and beyond the influence of all other indicators.” This is going to be a very useful
source for me as I continue to write my paper. This evaluates the fact that rap music, while having explicit language, can bring a safe
understanding to adolescents.


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Citation
Bungert, James. “‘I Got a Bone to Pick’: Formal Ambivalence and Double Consciousness in Kendrick Lamar’s ‘King
Kunta.’” Music Theory Online, vol. 25, no. 1, May 2019, pp. 14–28. EBSCOhost, doi:10.30535/mto.25.1.12.
(Griffin, 2020)
Rap Social messages of rap music have been undermined in the past few
years and aren’t fully understood or even tried to be
Hip Hop Music-theoretical perspectives/messages
Kendrick Lamar “To Pimp a Butterfly” (2015) perfect example of the symbolic
relationship between structural and lyrical content in rap music
“I Got a Bone To Pick” “rap music that listens intently to the social message of the lyrics, and
uses technical details of flow, form, etc., to illuminate that message.”
“From a formal standpoint, “King Kunta” presents an analytical

challenge. Example 1 shows a basic formal layout while Example 2
presents a rhythmic analysis of the chorus. The chorus alternates with
verses throughout the song, and as we’ll see, its hierarchical status is
ambiguous.”
“The album addresses Lamar’s own real-life rise to fame with its
inherent temptations, while confronting ubiquitous racial inequality.”
The social interpretation of his songs only reflect his own life and the
issues he faced as a child as well as his family
Incorporates traditional African American styles in his songs

This essay delves into the lyrics, rhythms, and music style of Kendrick Lamar's songs “I Got a Bone To Pick.” Because of it’s explicit
music, the song is most commonly misinterpreted from its traditional meanings. That of which is simply to share the hardships and
dircrimination that he and his family went through as a child. The author of this specific essay, James Bungert, a professor in Music
Theory at Rocky Mountain College deeply evaluates this song and determines that “the album addresses Lamar’s own real-life rise to
fame with its inherent temptations, while confronting ubiquitous racial inequality.” Thus, explaining that the song had deeper meaning
than most people perceive it to be. This source can be used as a good use of evidence towards my argument that music has a deeper
meaning then what's on the surface.


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Citation
Epps, Avriel C., and Travis L. Dixon. “A Comparative Content Analysis of Anti- and Prosocial Rap Lyrical Themes
Found on Traditional and New Media Outlets.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 61, no. 2, June
2017, pp. 467–498. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/08838151.2017.1309411.
(Bungert, 2019), (Griffin, 2020)
Antisocial Themes Misogyny most concerning reference used in rap music today
(sexualizing women/dominance of men over women)
Others include violence, drinking, sex, drugs
Analysis of 340 rap songs; 60% contained violent images/ 44%
contained references to alcohol
Ride of violence in rap music in the early 90’s lead to mistrust in rap
music
Prosocial Themes Political awareness, love, creating communities

Songs shared online had more to do with prosocial aspects then
Billboard top songs
More content users deciding to be more prosocial in their lyrics in order
to attract a large audience
Original hypothesis: Lyrical themes in rap music would vary on online Shown through tables, the results, and “Selective Exposure Theories
media outlets rather than songs shared online alone. (Antisocial vs. and Social Media”
Prosocial)
Compared number of themes in about 5% of songs in each sample

(Billboard and Facebook) in a table of frequencies
- 19 frequencies found in Billboard songs
- 23 in Facebook songs
Billboard had much higher frequencies of antisocial themes than that of
Facebook's songs
Facebook songs had much higher frequency of prosocial themes than
that of Billboards
Overall main media outlets are continuing to create songs of antisocial
themes

This research paper explores and compares the use of antisocial and prosocial themes in songs in main media outlets, such as
Billboards top song choices and non-complex media outlets, such as Facebook. Through these variables, researchers compared
frequencies and analyzed the use of lyrics in both in order to find a common theme and sort them into their correct categories. IT was
found that main media outlets tend to produce music with much more antisocial themes then that of simple media outlets. The authors
of this paper, Avriel C. Epps and Travis L. Dixon, both majoring in communication studies, state in this paper that “consumers are
resisting some of the negative messages that media corporations promote, and are using autonomy to find alternative narratives that
tend to be more positive.” This is referring to the fact that even though main media outlets are producing music that can reflect
negative actions, most consumers are more consciously drawn to more prosocial themes in music. This source can be really helpful in
bringing me a better understanding of how the consumer side of this issue works. By understanding that people of varying ages are
drawn to different messaging, I can better understand why older generations look at newer music the way they do.


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Citation
Welch, Richard. “Rock ‘n’ Roll and Social Change.” History Today, vol. 40, no. 2, Feb. 1990, p. 32. EBSCOhost,
(Bungert, 2020)
Rock n’ Roll Musical hybridisation between black and white subcultural music
Elvis Presely First musical artist to perform the new music-led to much controversy
between teens and adults
Sam Phillips Part of Sun records-dedicated his life to the hybridisation of music in
order to target both audiences
Pop culture music blended blacks and white and supported

desegregation
Most influential form of pop culture
Teenagers longing for subcultures and different ways of society in the
1950’s led to the uprising of pop culture music and film
Teens turned to black-subculture
Sun Records experimented with hybridisation
Elvis Presely was Sam Phillips focal point of mixtures black and white
cultures in order to target both younger audiences
DIslike of rock n roll music--especially among contenientional churches
Had big influence on civil rights movement

This source, while different then many others, holds much potential to the origins of pop music and where it all began. This gives much
context to why and how music today sounds the way it does and ultimately how it came to be and targeted many younger audiences.
This source is an old news article written by Richard Welch in 1990, in which he was in the center of all the madness taking place at the
time. Richard states in this article that provided much evidence to the fact that pop culture music has always been a controversial topic
when he states that, “to many, rock n roll was too loud, too raucous, too sexual, or too black.” This source is going to be a great and
useful resource and gives some context to pop culture music and how it all started. This way I can evaluate how pop music has always
been a touchy subject and it’s views of it have altered very little.


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Citation
REBEGA, OANA LUIZA. “The Generational Gap: Investigating Differences and Associations between Moral Intuitions, Fear of Negative
Evaluations and Guilt and Shame Proneness.” Romanian Journal of Experimental Applied Psychology, vol. 8, Jan. 2017, pp. 136–142.
EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=130632847&site=ehost-live.
Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale Measures fears associated with negative emotions
Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale Measures personality traits associated with guilt of shame
Moral Foundations Questionnaire Consists of 30 questions with 5 moral intuitions:

- Harm/Care
- Fairness/Reciprocity
- Ingroup/Loyalty
- Authority/Respect
- Purity/Sanctity
Objectives:
-Generational gaps of adults, emerging adults, and teens and their
moral values, fear of being negatively valued, and shame proneness
-Associate variables in these groups
Results:
Results showed significant differences between the 3 age groups and
their moral intuitions, and guilt and shame proneness.
Results suggest that a generational gap can be caused by differing

values and manners where fear and personality traits interact.

This source evaluates and compares different generational age groups and their overall moral compasses. Through tests and
investigation, it was found that each age group had drastically different results due to differing moral values and manner. It was also
suggested that religion may have played a role in these differing results. Oana Luiza Rebega is a Psychology professor at Babeș-Bolyai
University and also holds a private psychology practice on the side. One of the most valuable quotes to take from this source include
the following: “the most important result is the association between the shame proneness and the fear of negative evaluations in
adolescents, a result that pinpoints a heightened vulnerability for adolescents to develop social anxiety.” This can help support the fact
of differing generational gaps and why they are drawn to the things they are. This source is going to be very helpful in proving the
credibility of one of the variables in my questions. This is also going to be a very helpful resource in connecting my variables.


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Citation
Turner, Anthony. “Generation Z: Technology and Social Interest.” Journal of Individual Psychology, vol. 71, no. 2, Summer 2015, pp. 103–113.
EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103721595&site=ehost-live.
(Rebega, 2017)
Social Interest A necessary foundation for the development of someone while also
contributing to the evolution of humans.
Generation “a set of historical events and related phenomena that creates a distinct
generational gap”
- Digital native bc Gen Z never experienced life before the 104

internet
- Most biracial and multiracial generations which leads us to be 104
consumed in multiple cultural perspectives and livelihoods
- Social media has led this generation to encourage public 105
opinions and civic participation
- Developed an emotional bond to the internet and technology 106
due to the fact that we’ve been fully immersed into the world
of social media
- We use technology to avoid our real life struggles/issues 108
- Some video games/media use can lead to more manageable 108
frustration, fear, uneasiness, and even bad grades

This source deeply analyzes Generation Z as a whole and the effects that technology and social media has brought to us. It evaluates
the fact that we’ve never lived in a world without the internet and now rely on it as an escape from our real lives and issues. This paper
goes in depth on how our face-to-face communication has been cut short and the decline of real heartfelt relationships with new
people. Anthony Turner, a journalist especially who writes on social sciences, psychology, and human interactions provides heavy
information on the human social sciences of generation Z. One of the most valuable quotes used in this research paper states that
“According to Adler (1930/2011), "Only such persons who are courageous, self-confident, and at home in the world can benefit both by
the difficulties and by the advantages of life. They are never afraid. They know that there are difficulties, but they also know that they
can overcome them.” This source is going to be really helpful in my paper because it simply gives detailed information of the effects
that generation Z deals with in the realm of social media and the internet. THis may eventually be able to support and backup the idea
of why generation Z is so connected to the music they listen to.

Emma Martinez - 4

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #1

APA X MLA Chicago

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

163 participates (76 m, 87 f) Page 58

Results based on scale of emotion:

Hypothesis: “Music can influence the harshness of moral judgements

Played about 3 minute long piano solos

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Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

32 undergraduate students (16 male, 16 female) Pages 4-6

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Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Psychological Intervention: Use of psychotherapy in order to discover the root of an issue or

Summary of Key Findings

Study conducted of 200 undergrad students Page 746

Conclusion made about study: Significant drop in anxiety levels

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #4

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

“Youth drives me” N/A

Summary of Key Findings

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Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

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Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

This source is an excerpt from the Rolling Stone specifically talking

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #7

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #8

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Summary of Key Findings

-Music taste starts to develop between the ages of 13-14 N/A

Annotated Bibliography - Source #9

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

“One Day” First song posted--went viral

Summary of Key Findings

Annotated Bibliography - Source #10

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Condom Use Use of contraceptives may be expressed in a positive sense towards

Summary of Key Findings

Lyrical Analysis of top ten albums between 1991-2017 on Billboards

Adolescents are more susceptible to internalizing values set in pop

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #11

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Hip Hop Music-theoretical perspectives/messages

“From a formal standpoint, “King Kunta” presents an analytical

Incorporates traditional African American styles in his songs

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Annotated Bibliography - Source #12

(Bungert, 2019), (Griffin, 2020)

Important Vocabulary & Phrases

Prosocial Themes Political awareness, love, creating communities

Summary of Key Findings

Compared number of themes in about 5% of songs in each sample

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