LECTURE 2

Methods in organizing extension

Context of extension in agricultural and rural
development through Adult Education

- is aimed at increasing the production of crops for home consumption

and export.
- is mainly concerned with decision making and emphasizing the
importance of social learning and negotiation in extension process.
- is moving away from a predefined direction to generative dimensions.
- is fostering new patterns of coordination rather than focusing on
individual behavior.
- as a two-way or multiple way processes in which several parties can be
expected to contribute relevant insights/ideas.
ADULT EDUCATION PROCEDURES ON EXTENSION PROGRAM

• Cooperation & support required by the

members of any project in the
community.
• Committee formation (agency and
clients members needed) for a better
responsibility & commitment.
• Government/agency contribution &
support needed from the beginning to
the end/completion of the project.
• Supervision, help and guidance by
agencies or government officials
through out the program.
 Purposes of Adult Education
1. Providing remedial and basic education for
those who had not gone to school or who had
not profited from school or who had left school
at an early age.
2. Giving already educated adults an opportunity
to further their intellectual and cultural
development with or without reference to the
conferment of academic credentials.
3. Enabling a relatively small number of actual or
potential working-class leaders to further their
education so that they can increase their
usefulness to their fellow-workers.
4. Providing occupationally related courses for
relatively restricted groups.
5. Providing courses designed to promote good
citizenship through the encouragement of
popular educational movements.

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FIVE LEARNING PRINCIPLES OF ADULTS
1. People learn in a free environment.
- The free environment allows the person to have a full
exposure to human potential which encourage self-
determination and self-expression.
2. One learns by relating to one’s experiences.
- The notion of learning by doing “the experience of doing
must be selected by the learner in line with his/her own
theory of what he/she is supposing to do”.
3. People learn cooperatively.
- People relying upon others to support the learning
experience giving constructive feedback in a
noncompetitive environment.
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4. People learn from the inside out.
- Learning constructed from within the individual,
(can give a better impact) rather than drawn from
outside force.
5. People learn in relation to their human qualities.
- Human being is unique with ‘irreducible’ qualities
- a social and political being is also a sentient,
conscious, attentive or responsive being.

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 ADULT LEARNING PROCESS

Intrinsic
motivation
• the more knowledge is produces more
accumulated the more
eager for the learner to pervasive and • Feeling of success is
absorb new information and required by the participants
knowledge. permanent for continuation of the
learning process.
learning
Readiness to Positive (reward)
learn depends • when needs are being reinforcement is
satisfied (new ideas
upon the accepted by the learners) more effective
previous learning during the learning itself, it than negative
becomes an integral part of
the learner. (punishment)
action onto the
learners

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• Materials have to be • must be significantly
arranged from simple related to the
to complex and ideas Learning experiences and
organized to related
concepts (past (especially with needs of the learners.
experiences & regard to skill
knowledge). development) Meaningful
To maximize material and
learning, task are more
information easily learned
must be • Enhanced by with a longer
repetition and
presented in an preferably spaced
remembrance
organized systematically over a than non
fashion period of time. meaningful or
nonsensical
material

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• active participation help to
bring about more
meaningful permanent Environmental
learning. factors (tension,
fatigue, pressure &
poor health) can
affect learning
impact.

Active (rather than

passive) • over crowding of seats
arrangement in a
participation in the function,noise, temperature
learning activity & lighting condition.

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 received
Have a strong immediate
Have clear goals put forth an effort
desire to learn satisfaction and
to guide their for a satisfactory
they will learn can quickly put
learning activities. return
most rapidly. into practice what
they have learned

ADULT LEARN BEST : when they…..

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