A Study on Indian Commodity Market

At

Sriram Insight, Hyderabad

Anusha E

HT No: 04413208

Project submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

By

Layola Academy

Affiliated to Osmania University, Hyderabad -500007

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Project Report titled Recruitment and Selection Process at

Penfos Systems, Hyderabad submitted by me to the Department of Business Management,

O.U., Hyderabad, is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other

University or Institution for the award of any degree diploma / certificate or published any

time before.
 Name and Address of the Student Signature of the Student

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the Project Report title Recruitment and Selection Process at

Penfos Systems, Hyderabad submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of MBA Programme of

Department of Business Management, O.U. Hyderabad, was carried out by Anusha E under my

guidance. This has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of

any degree/diploma/certificate.
Name and address of the Guide Signature of the Guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my gratitude to my Project guide, Mr. Pradeep Pandey, Branch Manager

for his appreciable support and valuable time and guidance with providence of resources in

terms of knowledge, theoretical gains and practical experience.

A successful project can never be prepared by the singular effort of the person to whom project

is assigned, but it also demands the help and guardianship of some conversant persons who

undersigned actively or passively in the completion of a successful project. I would like to

extend my thankfulness to him for providing me with excellent instructors of INDIABULLS

whose guidance and co-operation have been of immense help for the successful completion of
this project. I would also thanks to all staff members of Indiabulls for guidance and co-

operation.

I would also like to thank Mr Ramanpreet (Director), and Mr. Prasad V. Bhat (Internal

Guide) who has been very cooperative and chose to remain anonymous, for giving me the

opportunity to gain from their experience in selection and recruitment processes. Without their

contributions, this project would have been rather incomplete.

HIMANSHU SINGH

Index

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 3 INDUSTRY PROFILE

CHAPTER 4 COMPANY PROFILE

CHAPTER 5 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK

CHAPTER 6 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION & BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction

Safety and security at the shop floor aims at minimizing the chances of risks, injuries and
accidents by implementing the risk management techniques and safety management operations,
improving the standard of health of the employee, monitoring the operating systems and
bolstering the safety measures of an industry in general. With the natural disaster in and around
the world, the importance of the human capital, protection of the environment and conservation
of existing assets of an industry is increasing exponentially.

In today’s modern, fast and industrialized world, the life of every person is of utmost
importance. The risk of any one’s life leads to the loss of several man-days. Any industry runs
successfully and profitably only if it maintains its human resources satisfied, secured, healthy
and safe. In reality, the industries are losing man-days every year. This ultimately leads to the
financial loss to the organization in interest to achieving its goal profit.

Survival and prosperity decides the success of any business activity. Risk is inherent in
all the tasks we undertake. Also, with the business activity, no one likes to meet adverse effects
while taking some risks, particularly non speculative or pure risks. Such risks, which involve
only loss, include:

 Physical harm to employee.

 Property damage to the organization.
 Physical harm or property damage to public.
 Capital income loss.
 Security los

In order to reduce the risk, the potential hazards likely to result in loss are to be eliminated or
controlled to the possible extent.

Considering the need for the safety function, safety department was established as a
functional need of an industry long before the safety function involved as a legal compliance as
per the Factories Act 1948.

Not only has the Safety department been entrusted with the mission of establishing,
directing and maintaining a full fledge safety for the organization, but also has taken up the task
of developing safe habits, imparting knowledge and training to front line operatives and
supervisors in conjunction to checking their organization conduct.

Accident and injuries are just as painful as painful and expensive when they happen to
production workers. Unless an organization develops an effective office safety program,
accidental injuries are far more likely to occur.

It is not myth that the risk of an occupation related accident or injury to the office
workers is lower than the risk to the employee involved in manufacturing and transportation.

Management provides safe environment and equipment to encourage proper safety

behavior. The worker should be willing to adopt safety rules and procedure. More importantly,
office supervisors must understand the nature of the office hazards and unsafe practices and take
necessary measures to reduce and manage these hazards.
 To achieve the above mentioned objectives, the organization requires an excellent safety
set up, equipped with modern amenities, rich knowledge and experience bank in engineering
field as well as in behavioral science with strong emphasis on highly effective faculty members.

Safety in the working environment is something that everyone has to think about, from
management to employee. Every one has right to a safe and healthful workplace, so it is
important that employee have a clear and workable plan to enhance work place safety.

Business has legal responsibilities to ensure the health and safety of employees and other
people affected by business activities, such as customers and suppliers. But the right approach
isn’t just about doing minimum required to comply with the legal requirement. It can also benefit
business.

Poor health and safety leads to illness and accident and significant costs for business.
Effective health and safety practices pay for themselves. They also improve reputation with
customers, regulators and employees.

Failing to establish and implement good health and safety policies and procedures could
be an expensive mistake. The illness and accident risked could bring a range of costs, including:

 The wages of employee who are ill or injured, plus the costs of covering their jobs
 Lost productivity caused by disruption to business and inexperienced replacements
 Damage to products, equipment or premises
 Cost of investigating and correcting the problem
 Fines and legal costs if prosecuted

In small business, the cost could be particularly high. For example, if one key employee is off
sick, it may be unable to complete an order in time resulting in the loss of a customer and further
business.

The importance of safety at work place can’t be over exemplified. It is mostly felt in
factories where the labors’ are exposed to sustained risk in their daily operations. Adaptation of
safety measures not only ensures safety of the life of the workers but also their family
dependents.
The key to employee productivity is to keep them motivated. Employees can remain motivated if
they feel safe and happy at their workplace. This says a lot about the importance of workplace
safety. Workplace safety is immensely important for the very reason of improved productivity. It
is only when the employee feels safe at work that they can invest the fullest of their capacities
and exploits the best of their potentials to work.

Workplace safety is the management’s responsibility. It involves the formation and

implementation of safety program. Employee insurance scheme and employee safety policies
help cover the risk an employee might suffer at work. Certain jobs require the employee to
engage in life-risking work; they require the employee to be part of dangerous industrial
processes. Jobs, which put the safety of their employees on stake, should also provide the
employees with the safety costs.

At the time of the formation of the company, its safety goals, safety programs., policies,
plans and procedures need to be documented. The management should ensure the health and
safety of the employee by means of the safety education programs. The importance of office
safety can be promoted through the formation of the safety committee that assigned the
responsibility to employee safety. Safety committees are helpful in increasing employee
involvement.

Safety is important at work place also because human resources is the most important
resources of an organization. Safety at work place, also known as office safety refer to the safety
of this valuable resources of an organization. A safe environment means that business can
operate effectively and successfully while increasing worker performance and morale. The cost
of the workers compensation has a huge impact on the injured person, their family, the employer
and the State. Improved health and safety can reduce these costs and contribute to better
productivity and a healthier work life.

Objective of the study

 To identify the direct and indirect causes of accidents or mishaps.
 To evaluate the existing safety and health policy of the organization.
 Gain an in-depth knowledge about the practiced rules and procedures followed by
supervisor and managers in view of the safety and health of employees.
 Observe the general trends in safety and health management and suggest preventive
measures.
 Collect and analyze data pertaining to safety and health and health practices in order to
determine the accident ratio and advice on steps to minimize the same.

SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

 The study can be done by considering some other factors to measure the Industrial Safety

Measures inside the My Home Cement Ind. Ltd.

 This study can be extended to measure the satisfaction level of employees on Health and

hygiene also.

 The sample size taken for this study is only 100; it can be extended to a larger sample.
 CHAPTER- 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 RESEARCH – MEANING

Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redmen and Mary defines

research as a “systematic effort to gain knowledge”.

Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a plan of

action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and analyzed. This
research study is a descriptive research study.

4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be
adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed.

“A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a manner
that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure”.

4.3 NATURE OF DATA

4.3.1 Primary data

The primary data are collected from the employees of My Home Cement Ind. Ltd.,
through a direct structured questionnaire.

4.3.2 Secondary data

Company profiles, Company registers, websites, magazines, articles were used widely as
a support to primary data.

4.4 SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUE

4.4.1 Size of the sample

It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a sample.
In this study 100 employees of My Home Cement Ind. Ltd., was selected as size of sample.

4.4.2 Sample design

The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling method. This
method is also called as the method of chance selection. Each and every item of population has
equal chance to be included in the sample.

4.4.3 Questionnaire

The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a variety of
questions presented to the employees for the response. Dichotomous questions, multiple choice
questions, rating scale questions were used in constructing questionnaire.

4.5 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

To analyze and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used.

1) Percentage method
2) Weighted average method
3) Chi-square analysis
4.5.1 Percentage method:

The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more series of
data. It can be generally calculated as

Percentage of respondent = No. of respondents favorable x 100

Total no of respondents

4.5.2 Weighted average method

 The weighted average method can be calculated by the following formula

XW = ∑ WX / ∑ X

Here

XW represents the weighted average

X represents the value of variable

W represents the weight given to the variable.

4.5.3 Chi-square analysis:

Chi-square analysis in statistics is to test the goodness of fit to verify the

distribution of observed data with assumed theoretical distribution. Therefore it is a measure to
study the divergence of actual and expected frequencies.

The formula for computing chi-square is as follows.

Chi-square = ∑ {(O-E)2 / E}

The calculated value of chi-square is compared with the table of chi-square for the given degrees
of freedom at the specified level of significance. If the calculated value is greater than the
tabulated value then the difference between the observed frequency and the expected frequency
are significant. the degrees of freedom is (n-2) where ‘n’ is number of observed frequencies and
in case of contingency table the degrees of freedom is (C-1) (R-1) where C is number of
columns and R is number of rows.
 CHAPTER 3

INDUSTRY PROFILE
Industry Profile

SECTOR ANALYSIS
Indian Economy grew by 5.4 per cent in 2001-02, which is considered to be one of the highest
growth rates in the world for the year. This growth is supported by a growth rate of 5.7 per cent
in agriculture and allied sectors, 3.3 percent in industry and 6.5 per cent in services.

Overall agricultural output is estimated to increase by nearly 7 per cent in 2001-02. Food grains
production is expected to rise to 209 million tons compared with 196 million tons in 2000-01.
Prospects of agricultural production in 2001-02 are considered to be bright as a result of normal
monsoon and relatively favorable distribution of rainfall over time and regions.

While the Indian industry sector grew by 3.3 per cent, with in industry sector segments like
construction showed a lower growth in 2000-01, there was marked improvement in the growth
rates of manufacturing (from 4.2 per cent in 1999-00 to 6.7 per cent in 2000-01) and mining and
quarrying (from 2 per cent to 3.3 per cent during the same period). The growth rate of electricity,
gas and water supply remained almost invariant at around 6.2 per cent for both 1999-2000 and
2000-01. During 1993-94 to 1999-2000 the service sector had achieved consistently high growth
rates in the range of 7.1 per cent to 10.5 per cent. But for the first time in 2000-01, the growth
rate of the service sector declined to 4.8 per cent due to poor performance by financial sector,
trade hotels and restaurants, and community and social services.

Agriculture
The agriculture sector, for so long the mainstay of the Indian Economy, now accounts for only
about 20 per cent of GDP, yet employs over 50 per cent of the population. For some years after
independence, India depended on foreign aid to meet its food needs, but in the last 35 years, food
production has risen steadily, mainly due to the increase in irrigated areas and widespread use of
high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. The Country has large grain stockpiles (around 45
million tons) and is a net exporter of food grains.

Cash crops, especially tea and coffee, are the major export earners. India is the world's largest
producer of tea, with annual production of around 470 million tons, of which 200 million tons is
exported. India also holds around 30 per cent of the world spice market, with exports around
120,000 tons per year.

With a view to strengthening the sector, building infrastructure for handling, transportation, and
storage of food grains has been granted "infrastructure status" and will be eligible for a tax
holiday. Further, processors of food and vegetables are exempt from excise duty.

Manufacturing Sector

After a decade of reforms, the manufacturing sector is now gearing up to meet challenges for the
new millennium. Investment in Indian companies reached record levels by 1994 and many
multinationals decided to set up shop in India to take advantage of the improved financial
climate. In an effort to provide a further boost to the industrial manufacturing sector, Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) has been permitted through the automatic route for almost all the
industries with certain restrictions. Structural reforms have been undertaken in the excise duty
regime with a view to introduce a single rate and simplify the procedures and rules. Indian
subsidiaries of multinationals have been permitted to pay royalty to the parent company for
license of international brands, etc. Over the period 1992-93 to 1999-2000, the manufacturing
sector has recorded an average annual growth rate of 6.3 per cent and in 2001-02; it recorded a
growth of 2.8 per cent.

Companies in the manufacturing sector have consolidated around their area of core competence
by tying up with foreign companies to acquire new technologies, management expertise, and
access to foreign markets. The cost benefits associated with manufacturing in India, has
positioned India as a preferred destination for manufacturing and sourcing for global markets.

Financial Sector

An extensive financial and banking sector supports the rapidly expanding Indian Economy. India
boasts of a wide and sophisticated banking network. The sector also has a number of national
and state level financial institutions. These include foreign and institutional investors, investment
funds, equipment leasing companies, venture capital funds, etc. Further, the Country has a well-
established stock market, comprising 23 stock exchanges, with over 9,000 listed companies.
Total market capitalization, on the two dominant stock exchanges, the Bombay Stock Exchange
(BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), stood at Rs. 6,926 billion and Rs. 7,604 billion
respectively, at the end of December 2000. The Indian capital markets are rapidly moving
towards a market that is modern in terms of infrastructure as well as international best practices
such as derivative trading with stock index futures, addition to the list of compulsory Demat
trading and rolling settlement in certain specified shares, commencement of internet based
trading, etc.

The last year witnessed several Indian companies, mobilizing resources by tapping the world
market through the ADR/GDR route. So as to improve the liquidity in the ADR/GDR market and
to give opportunity to Indian shareholders to divest their shareholding in the ADR/GDR market
abroad, measures such as two-way fungibility in ADR/GDR issues of Indian companies has been
introduced and sponsorship of ADR/ GDR offerings against existing shareholding. In addition to
the above, 26 per cent foreign equity has been allowed in the insurance sector and investment
and divestment by venture capital funds and companies registered with SEBI has been
simplified.

FII inflows were USD 2.34 billion (January 2001 to June 2001) compared to USD 1.5 billion for
2000, showing an upward trend despite depressed stock market indices. Net cumulative FII
inflows crossed USD 14 billion (June 2001).

Services Sector

The main thrust to industrial growth has come from the services sector. Services contribute to 41
per cent of the GDP. Rapidly, the quality and complexity of the type of services being marketed
is on the rise to match worldwide standards. Whether it is financial services, software services or
accounting services, this sector is highly professional and provides a major impetus to the
Economy . Interestingly, this sector is populated with a range of players who cater to a niche
market.

India is fast becoming a major force in the Information Technology sector. According to the
National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM), over 185 Fortune 500
companies use Indian software services. The world's software giants such as Microsoft, Hughes
and Computer Associates who have made substantial investments in India are increasingly
tapping this potential. A number of multi-nationals have leveraged the relative cost advantage
and highly skilled manpower base available in India, and have established shared services and
call centers in India to cater to their worldwide needs.

The software industry was one of the fastest growing sectors in the last decade with a compound
annual growth rate exceeding 50 per cent. Software service exports increased from US$ 4.02
billion in 1999-2000 to US$ 6.3 billion in 2000-01, thereby registering a growth of 57 per cent.
India's success in the software sector can be largely attributed to the industry's ability to cultivate
superior knowledge through intensive R&D efforts and the expertise in applying the knowledge
in commercially viable technologies.

1.2 Contribution of Manufacturing Sector towards the Indian Economy

An estimated 100.9 million people were employed in 41.8 million establishments in India,
growing at 2.78 percent and 4.69 percent, respectively from 1998-2005, shows the official
Economic Census for 2005. Non-farm sector continued to be the principal source of
employment, employing 90 million people, compared to 10.9 million in agriculture sector, said
the census released here Thursday.

“Retail and manufacturing establishments continue to be the key employment providers in

India,” said S.K. Nath, director general of the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), which
compiled the census.

“It is a significant pointer that India has a great deal of potential for growth in these two sectors,”
he said.

Manufacturing sector employed 25.5 million people or 25.25 percent of the total workforce,
followed by 25.1 million or 24.91 percent, respectively for retail trade sector, showed the survey.

This was the fifth in the series of the economic censuses conducted by CSO, an agency under the
ministry of statistics and programme implementation. The first census of its kind was launched
in 1977.
“This census gives us a complete picture of India’s economic situation. We must interpret the
data intelligently. There has been a rapid growth in small-scale industries,” said Statistics and
Programme Implementation Secretary Pranob Sen.

Following are some of the key census findings:

 100.90 million People employed in 41.83 establishments in India.

 41.83 million Establishments, 25.54 million in rural and 16.29 million in urban areas,
operated in 2005.
 39.61 million Establishments under private ownership.
 26.96 million Units were own establishments, without hired workers.
 35.75 million Non-agricultural establishments engaged 89.99 million workers, while
agriculture sector’s 6.08 million units had 10.91 million workers.
 Employment growth rate at 2.78 percent between 1998 and 2005.
 Males accounted for 78.3 million of the workforce; women accounted for 20.2 million,
children 2.4 million.
 Manufacturing sector was the largest employer (25.5 million people); the retail sector
came next (25.1 million people); farming was third (9.2 million people).
 95 percent establishments had 1-5 workers; 3.42 percent had 6-9 workers; only 1.51
percent employed 10 or more workers.
2.1 INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

Pre Independence

The first endeavor to manufacture cement dates back to 1889 when a Calcutta based company
endeavored to manufacture cement from Argillaceous (kankar).

But the first endeavor to manufacture cement in an organized way commenced in Madras. South
India Industries Limited began manufacture of Portland cement in 1904.But the effort did not
succeed and the company had to halt production.

Finally it was in 1914 that the first licensed cement manufacturing unit was set up by India
Cement Company Ltd at Porbandar, Gujarat with an available capacity of 10,000 tons and
production of 1000 installed. The First World War gave the impetus to the cement industry still
in its initial stages. The following decade saw tremendous progress in terms of manufacturing
units, installed capacity and production. This phase is also referred to as the Nascent Stage of
Indian Cement Industry.

During the earlier years, production of cement exceeded the demand. Society had a biased
opinion against the cement manufactured in India, which further led to reduction in demand. The
government intervened by giving protection to the Industry and by encouraging cooperation
among the manufacturers.

In 1927, the Concrete Association of India was formed with the twin goals of creating a positive
awareness among the public of the utility of cement and to propagate cement consumption.

Post Independence

The growth rate of cement was slow around the period after independence due to various factors
like low prices, slow growth in additional capacity and rising cost. The government intervened
several times to boost the industry, by increasing prices and providing financial incentives. But it
had little impact on the industry.

In 1956, the price and distribution control system was set up to ensure fair prices for both the
manufacturers and consumers across the country and to reduce regional imbalances and reach
self sufficiency.

Period of Restriction (1969-1982)

The cement industry in India was severely restrained by the government during this period.
Government hold over the industry was through both direct and indirect means. Government
intervened directly by exercising authority over production, capacity and distribution of cement
and it intervened indirectly through price control.

In 1977 the government authorized higher prices for cement manufactured by new units or
through capacity increase in existing units. But still the growth rate was below par.

In 1979 the government introduced a three tier price system. Prices were different for cement
produced in low, medium and high cost plants.

However the price control did not have the desired effect. Rise in input cost, reduced profit
margins meant the manufacturers could not allocate funds for increase in capacity.

Partial Control (1982-1989)

To give impetus to the cement industry, the Government of India introduced a quota system in
1982.A quota of 66.60% was imposed for sales to Government and small real estate developers.
For new units and sick units a lower quota at 50% was affected. The remaining 33.40% was
allowed to be sold in the open market.

These changes had a desired effect on the industry. Profitability of the manufacturers increased
substantially, but the rising input cost was a cause for concern.

Post Liberalization
In 1989 the cement industry was given complete freedom, to gear it up to meet the challenges of
free market competition due to the impending policy of liberalization. In 1991 the industry was
de licensed.

This resulted in an accelerated growth for the industry and availability of state of the art
technology for modernization. Most of the major players invested heavily for capacity
expansion.
To maximize the opportunity available in the form of global markets, the industry laid greater
focus on exports. The role of the government has been extremely crucial in the growth of the
industry.

Cement is one of the core industries which plays a vital role in the growth and expansion of a
nation. It is basically a mixture of compounds, consisting mainly of silicates and aluminates of
calcium, formed out of calcium oxide, silica, aluminium oxide and iron oxide. The demand for
cement depends primarily on the pace of activities in the business, financial, real estate and
infrastructure sectors of the economy. Cement is considered preferred building material and is
used worldwide for all construction works such as housing and industrial construction, as well as
for creation of infrastructures like ports, roads, power plants, etc. Indian cement industry is
globally competitive because the industry has witnessed healthy trends such as cost control and
continuous technology upgradation.

2.2 CURRENT SCENARIO

The Indian cement industry is the second largest producer of quality cement. Indian Cement
Industry is engaged in the production of several varieties of cement such as Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement (PBFS),
Oil Well Cement, Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement,
White Cement, etc. They are produced strictly as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
specifications and their quality is comparable with the best in the world.

The Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world. It comprises of 140 large and more
than 365 mini cement plants. The industry's capacity at the beginning of the year 2009-10 was
217.80 million tonnes. During 2008-09, total cement consumption in India stood at 178 million
tonnes while exports of cement and clinker amounted to around 3 million tonnes. The industry
occupies an important place in the national economy because of its strong linkages to other
sectors such as construction, transportation, coal and power. The cement industry is also one of
the major contributors to the exchequer by way of indirect taxes.

Cement production during April to January 2009-10 was 130.67 million tonnes as compared to
115.52 million tonnes during the same period for the year 2008-09. Despatches were estimated at
129.97 million tonnes during April to January 2009-10 whereas during the same period for the
year 2008-09, it stood at 115.07 million tonnes.

Over the last few years, the Indian cement industry witnessed strong growth, with demand
reporting a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.3% and capacity addition a CAGR of
5.6% between 2004-05 and 2008-09. The main factors prompting this growth in demand include
the real estate boom during 2004-08, increased investments in infrastructure by both the private
sector and Government, and higher Governmental spending under various social programmes.
With demand growth being buoyant and capacity addition limited, the industry posted capacity
utilisation levels of around 93% during the last five years. Improved prices in conjunction with
volume growth led to the domestic cement industry reporting robust growth in turnover and
profitability during the period 2005-09.

2.3 Consumption Growth during 2009-10

Even during the economic slowdown in 2009-10, growth in cement demand remained at a
healthy 8.4%. In the current fiscal (2009-10) cement consumption has shot up, reporting, on an
average, 12.5% growth in consumption during the first eight months with the growth being aided
by strong infrastructure spending, especially from the govt sector. The trends in all-India
consumption and the growth in consumption in the major cement-consuming States over the last
five years are presented in below table:

Growth in Cement Demand

Figures in Million Tonnes

2009-10 Apr-Nov 10

Domestic Consumption 178 100

Year-on-Year Growth (%) 8.4 12.5

Source: Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA), ICRA Research

TABLE 2.1

2.4 Key Drivers of Cement Industry

 Buoyant real estate market

 Increase in infrastructure spending

 Various governmental programmes like National Rural Employment Guarantee

 Low-cost housing in urban and rural areas under schemes like Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Indira Aawas Yojana

2.5 Globalization of Indian Cement Industry

The Globalization of Indian Cement Industry has helped the industry to restructure itself to cope
up with the alterations in the global economic and trading system. The Indian cement industry is
one of the oldest industries. It has been catering to India's cement requirements since its
emergence during the British Raj in India. Though the majority of the players in the Indian
cement industry were private sector organizations, the industry was highly regulated.

With the rapid growth rate of the Indian economy after the 1990s, the infrastructural
developments within the country has been tremendous. The increase in the construction activities
has led to the increase in the demand for updated quality building materials and other allied
products. Cement being one of the major elements in the construction work, there is a growth in
the cement industry in India. The consumption of cement has increased in India by nearly 7.5%.
With the globalization of Indian cement industry many foreign cement manufacturers are
engaging themselves in agreements and deals with their India counter parts to have a share of the
growth.

Globalization of Indian Cement Industry includes several foreign companies engaging in

mergers and acquisitions of Indian cement companies, like

 Heidelberg Cement - Indorama Cement Ltd. Heidelberg Cement Company entered into
an agreement for a 50% joint venture with the Indorama Cement Ltd., situated in
Mumbai, originally possessed by the Indorama S P Lohia Group. Heidelberg Cement
Company is the leading German cement manufacturing company. The Heidelberg
Cement was set up in 1873 and has a long and prosperous history. Being one of the best
in the world the Heidelberg Cement Company has its bases in different countries. The
Heidelberg Cement Company has two manufacturing units in India. A grinding plant in
Mumbai and a cement terminal near Mumbai harbor. A clinker plant is coming up in the
state on Gujarat

 Holcim Cement - Gujarat Ambuja Cements (GACL) Holcim Cement signed an

agreement of 14.8% take over with the Gujarat Ambuja Cements (GACL). With new
products, skilled personnel, superb management, and a outstanding market strategy gives
this tie up good edge over the other competitors. Holcim Cement Company is among the
leading cement manufacturing and supplying companies in the world. It is one of the
major employers in the world; having a work force of 90,000.The Holcim Cement
Company has units in excess of 70 countries all over the world.

 Italcementi cement - Zuari Cement Limited Italcementi Cement Company with the help
of the Ciments Français, a subsidiary for its global activities, has acquired shares of the
famous Indian cement manufacturer - Zuari Cement Limited. The acquisition was of 50%
shareholding and the deal was of about 100 million Euros. Italcementi Cement is the 5th
largest cement manufacturing company in the world. The production capacity of the
Italcementi cement company is about 70 million tons in a year. With the construction
boom in India the company looks for a stable future. In 2001 the Italcementi cement
entered the Indian market scenario. It took over the plant of the Zuari Cement Limited in
Andhra Pradesh in southern India. The joint venture earned revenues of around 100
million Euros and an operating profit of 4 million Euros.
  Lafarge India is the subsidiary of the Lafarge Cement Company of France. It was
established in 1999 in India with the acquisition of the Tisco and the Raymond cement
plants. Lafarge Cement presently has three cement manufacturing units in India. One of
them is in Jharkhand which is used for the purpose of grinding and the other two are in
Chhattisgarh used for manufacturing. The Lafarge Cement Company was set up in the
year 1833 by Leon Pavin. Lafarge Cement Company situated in France is the leading
cement producing company in the world. It has plans for increasing the cement
production through technological innovations and maximization of the capacity of the
plant. It has a large network of distributors in the eastern part of India. The Lafarge
Cement Company is presently producing nearly 5.5 million tons of cement for the Indian
cement market.

2.6 STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN CEMENT INDUSTRY

 It is a fragmented industry. There are 56 cement companies in India, operating 124 large
and 300 mini plants, where majority of the production of cement (94%) in the country is
by large plants.
 One of the other defining features of the Indian cement industry is that the location of
limestone reserves in select states has resulted in it’s evolving in the form of clusters.
 Since cement is a high bulk and low value commodity, competition is also localized
because the cost of transportation of cement to distant markets often results in the
product being uncompetitive in those markets.
 Another distinguishing characteristic comes from it being cyclical in nature as the market
and consumption is closely linked to the economic and climatic cycles. In India, cement
production is normally at its peak in the month of March while it is at its lowest in the
month of August and September. The cyclical nature of this industry has meant that only
large players are able to withstand the downturn in demand due to their economies of
scale, operational efficiencies, centrally controlled distribution systems and geographical
diversification.
 Cement Industries in ANDHRA PRADESH with Production Capacity
16.70 CAPACITY

NAME OF CEMENT LOCATION ANNUAL INSTALLED

COMPANY / PLANT CAPACITY (MILLION
TONNES)

ACC Ltd. Macherial 0.34

Orient Cement Rechni Road 1.18

Maha Cement Nalgonda 3.32

Andhra Cement (G) Vijaywada 0.24

Kistna Cement Kistna 0.21

Zuari Cement Tadipatri 1.70

India Cement Yerraguntla 0.40

India Cement Chilamkur 1.00

Madras Cements Jayantipuram 1.10

Rassi Cement Wadapally 1.80

Priyadarshini Cement Ramapuram 0.60

Shri Vishnu Cement Sitapuram 1.00

CCI Ltd. Tandur 1.00

Andhra Cement (G) Visakapatnam 0.50

CCI Ltd. Adilabad 0.40

Andhra Cement Nadikude 0.50

KCP Ltd. Macherla 0.40

Panyam Cements Bugganipalle 0.53

L & T – A.P. Tadipatri 2.00

India Cement – Visaka Tandur 0.90

 STATE NUMBER OF CAPACITY
PLANTS
(MILLION TONNES)

Madhya Pradesh 20 26.03

Andhra Pradesh 16 18.03

Rajasthan 12 15.07

Gujarat 6 12.59

Maharashtra 8 6.41

Karnataka 10 6.92

Tamil Nadu 7 7.59

Bihar 3 4.62

Himachal Pradesh 6 3.47

Uttar Pradesh 3 4.05

Orissa 1 2.66

Punjab 2 1.04

West Bengal 1 1.13

Delhi 1 0.50

Haryana 1 0.17

Kerala 1 0.42

Jammu & Kashmir 1 0.20

Assam 1 0.20

Meghalaya 1 0.20

120 111.03
TOTAL
 CHAPTER 4

COMPANY PROFILE
 Company Profile
History

My Home Industries limited (MHIL) is a private limited

company originally incorporated as “Devi Cements limited under
the companies act 1956 with the main objectives manufacturing
and selling of cement and cement related products.

In the year 1998 Dr.J .Rameshwar Rao, one of the promoters has
acquired the share holding intrest of other promoters.consequent to
the change in the management, the name of the company was
changed to “ My home Cement industeirs limited’ and since then
there was substantial growth in the operations of the company.The
company is an ISO 9001 : 2000 certified company.

Units & Capacity :

The company has three units located at Mellacheruvu village,

,Kodhada Taluka, Nalgonda District . A.P.Unit I was set up in the
year 1998 with a capacity of 1.98 lakhs MT per annum.Over a
period of time the capacity was increased to 8.25 lakhs MT per
annum.Unit=II was established in 2002 with a capacity of 6.60lakh
MT per annum and the same was increased to 10.15 lakhs MT per
annum by modifications and additions to plant & machinery and
other assets and also by production of blended cement. Unit III with
a capacity to manufacture 13.60 lakhs MTs of cement per annum
was set up during March 200.Thus, the total capacity of 3 units
works out to 32.00 lakh MTs per annum

Types of Cement

The company manufactures the products :

1.Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC)

43 grade

53 grade

2.Portland Pozzolana Cement(PPC)

Maha cement offers a product line to suit for every need.

Maha Gold – 53 grade high strength cement

Maha Shakthi- Quality blended cement (PPC)

Maha Cement-43 grade High strength cement

My Home Cement Industry Ltd In India use Thermoteknix

High Temperature Infrared Cameras

My Home Cement Ind. Ltd have just commissioned Thermoteknix’s WinCem

3D Graphic Kiln Shell Scanning System at their Mellacheruvu Village
Nalgonda Dist Plant. The newly installed system comprises the Thermoteknix
Centurion Kiln Linescanner working alongside WinCem 3D Graphic Software.

Centurion Kiln Shell Scanner Scanner Installed at My Home Cement

Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery

WinCem is established throughout the industry as the leading kiln scanning

system. It provides three dimensional live displays of kiln shell
temperatures, brick work and coating with virtual reality graphics presenting
the kiln from any angle, position or distance. My Home Cement presented a
greater challenge in that that the company’s Head Office in Hyderabad
needed to be able to view the scan, live, with the data being transmitted on-
line from the kiln some 200km away from the plant in Nalgonda District.

The commissioning, which was carried out by Thermoteknix Indian agents

SB Engineers at the beginning of September, involved the system being
made available via an internet connection based in the
Hyderabad Office. Real time kiln shell scan data is now being relayed live
from the plant to My Home Cement HQ, meaning that at HQ, information
can be viewed, monitored and assessed at any time.

200km away in Hyderabad, My Home

Technical Director Mr. V.S. Narang views the
Keyur Shah of SB Engineers views Kiln Shell
data
Data Live at the plant in Nalgonda District
Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery

It is now possible for decisions to be made and discussed between sites and
HQ based on up-to-date live data, as and when necessary, saving time and
money for My Home Cement. WinCem 3D Graphics alarms and outputs give
a configurable, flexible user interface ensuring continuous coating monitoring
for all kiln conditions and improved control via client-server fully networked
software with multiple screen display capabilities. WinCem is the only
scanning system on the market to provide data as it is scanned from the kiln
– during each revolution of the kiln. Other systems update at the end of
every revolution.

 
 Keyur Shah of SB Engineers with My Home
Centurion Kiln Scanner Installation
Cement Ind. Ltd staff at Nalgonda District
(Scanner circled in Red)
Plant
Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery
Click to Enlarge / Visit Picture Gallery

My Home Cement Industries Ltd manufactures MAHA cement and is headed

by Chairman Dr. J. Rameswar Rao, a well known industrialist who attended
the commissioning and was delighted with the capabilities of the system.

SB Engineers was established by Mr Subodh Bhatt in 1991. The company

represents manufacturers both from within India and overseas and markets
a range of industrial products and services. They have a strong established
presence in the Indian Cement Industry and their technical expertise and
after sales service are second to none.
 CHAPTER- 5

THEORETICAL FRAME WORK

What is Safety?

Safety is the state of being “safe”. In the condition of being protected against physical,
social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other
consequences of failure, damage or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.

Work place safety

It is known fact that an individual needs a safe, secure and comfortable atmosphere to
perform his tasks well, be it home or workplace. The dynamics of the workplace has transformed
dynamically over the years. It is vital to ensure that employees are provided with safe and
conductive work atmosphere to facilitate and maintain employee productivity.

Be it hazardous occupation or a comparatively safe environment like an office, workplace

safety is important at every place.Work place safety is the right of every employee, and the
obligation of every employer towards his workers. Every country requires an organization to
adhere to certain safety norms before it sets up a workplace.

Work place safety may be broadly defined as a “Category of management responsibility

in place of employment that includes health and safety of workers.” It mainly deals with taking
care of employees. Despite the fact that different business differ in terms of physical hazards
they pose to employees, no domain or particular industry is entirely injury-proof.

Work safety is the condition of being personally protected from, and not causing others,
hurt, injury or loss. Thus work place safety and health is a cross disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of the people engaged in work or employment.

Goals Of Workplace Safety

The goal of all Workplace safety and health programs are:

1. To foster a safe work environment.

 2. To protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby
communities, and other member of the public who are impacted by the workplace
environment.

EMPLOYERS OBLIGATION AND EMPLOYEE RESPOSIBILITY

It is an obligation of employee to provide his employee with:

1. Safe premises.
2. Safe machinery and material.
3. Safe system of work.
4. Information, instruction, training and supervision.
5. Information, instruction, training and supervision.
6. A suitable working environment and facilities.

Similarly Employee working in shop areas has a responsibility to:

1. Know the equipment they are working with.

2. Work with the equipment in a safe manner.
3. Report problems encountered with the equipment.
4. Follow prescribed safety rules and procedures.

When it comes to effective policy that adheres to effective workplace safety, it has to
satisfy the following criteria:

1. Working in safe and healthy way is a condition of employment.

2. Safety and health is everyone’s responsibility, both the employers and employees are
accountable for the same.
3. Safety is given as much importance as productivity, quality or cost control.
4. All hazards are identified and controlled.
5. Safety and health education needs to be consistent and ongoing.
6. All accidents and near accidents are reported and investigated into.

Productive and reactive safety

 Proactive safety requires that workers and supervisors analyze a task and then plan to do
it in such a way as to eliminate any known or potential hazards.

Proactive safety involves all of the safety training and operational instruction, ensuring the
proper operation of all the engineering controls that can affect the work. To summarize, being
proactive means planning ahead of time as to how we will prevent or react to,hazards. It means
taking preventive action before a threat arises, actively seeking out unsafe and acts and
correcting them before an accident can occur.

Reactive Safety follows proactive safety. At that point we have greatly reduced work
hazards by following all of the safety training principles and planned work operating
instructions. Then as a reaction to specific incidents, we make use of the more incident-specific
kind of protection. Use rescue personnel, other shielding, robotic devices, and any other
supportive personnel, other shielding devices, and any other support personnel and proactive
equipment that will help keep us out of harm’s way.

Be proactive – not reactive – towards safety.

Benefits of Good safety practices

 Improved productivity.
 Increased profitability.
 Improved morale & motivation.
 Increased sales.
 Reduced damages.
 Improved quality.
 Reduced absenteeism.
 Reduced insurance premium.
 Reduced cost. – (medical cost & compensation cost)
 Improved corporate image.

No safety know pain, know safety no pain

 An organization is made up of four resources, namely men, material, money and
machinery. Of these, the first one is living one and the other three are non-living i.e., non-
human. It is the human or people that make use of non-human resources. Hence, people are the
most significant resources in an organization. It is man who makes all the difference in
organizations. According to Peter F. Drucker, “man, of all the resources available to man, can
grow and develop”. Human resources are heterogeneous in the sense that they differ in
personality, perception, emotions, values, attitudes, motives and modes of thoughts.

2.1.2 Safety

Safety, in simple terms, means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss.
Industrial safety or Employee safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of
industrial accidents.

2.1.3 Accidents

An Accident, is an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or reaction of an

object, a substance, a person, or a radiation results in personal injury.

2.1.4 Causes of Accidents

The industrial safety experts have classified the various causes of accidents into three
broad categories:

1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Acts
3. Other Causes
2.1.5 STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

The International Labour Organization (ILO) organized a Tripartite Technical

Conference in 1948 to formulate a ‘Model Code’ of Safety Regulations for Industrial
Establishments for the guidance of governments and industry. The code covers various areas of
unsafe conditions and unsafe acts.

In India, The Factories Act, 1948 lays down safety provisions contained in Sections 21 to
41. These provisions are obligatory on the part of industrial establishments. A brief resume of
these is presented as follows.

2.1.5.1. Fencing of Machinery (Section 21):

It is obligatory on the part of the management to fence machinery with guards of a

substantial construction. The same shall be constantly maintained and kept in its proper position
when any part of the machine is in motion or movement.

2.1.5.2. Work on or Near Machinery in Motion (Section 22):

A trained adult male worker wearing tight fitting clothing should examine and operate the
machine in motion. He should not handle a belt on a moving pulley more than fifteen
centimeters in width. No young children or women should handle a machine which is in motion.

2.1.5.3. Employment of Adolescents on Dangerous Machines (Section 23):

Young persons should not be allowed to work on dangerous machines unless he has been
fully instructed as to the dangers involved and he has received sufficient training to work on the
machine under the supervision of a person having thorough knowledge and experience of
working on that machine.

2.1.5.4. Striking Gear or Device for Cutting off Power (Section 24):

Every factory must provide suitable striking gear to move driving belt to and from fast
and loose pulleys which form part of transmission machinery. There should also be a locking
device to prevent accidental starting of transmission machinery to which the device is fitted.

2.1.5.5. Self-Acting Machines (Section 25):

No traversing part of a self-acting machine and no material carried thereon shall be

allowed to run within a distance of 45 centimeters from any fixed structure which is not a part of
the machine.
2.1.5.6. Casting of New Machinery (Section 26):

All machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after April 1 1949, every set
crew, bolt or key, spindle shall be sunk or securely guarded to prevent any danger. Further, all
spur, worm and toothed or friction gearing while in operation shall be completely unease unless
it is safely situated.

2.1.5.7. Prohibition of Employment of Woman and Children near Cotton Openers (Section
27):

Women and children shall not be employed in any part of a factory for pressing cottons
when cotton opener is in operation. However, women and children may be employed in a room
which is separated from opener.

2.1.5.8. Hoists and Lifts (Section 28):

In every factory, hoists and lifts should be in good condition and should be examined
once in every six months.

2.1.5.9. Lifting Machines, Tackles, Chains and Ropes (Section 29):

Similarly, in every factory, lifting machines chains, ropes and lifting tackles must be in
good construction and should be examined once in a year.

2.1.5.10 . Revolving Machinery (Section 30):

In every room where grinding work is going on, a notice indicating the maximum safe
working peripherals speed of the machine shall be affixed near it. Effective measures will also
be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working peripheral speed of every revolving
vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley, or similar other appliances driven by power is not
exceeded.

2.1.5.11. Pressure Plants (Section 31):

If in any factory, any plant or its part is operated at a pressure above atmospheric
pressure, the pressure should not be allowed to exceed by taking effective measures in this
regard.

2.1.5.12. Floors, Stairs and other means of Access (Section 32):

 In every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangway shall be of sound
construction and be properly maintained.

2.1.5.13. Pits and Openings in Floors (Section 33):

Since every fixed vessel, sumps, tank, pit, or opening in a floor may be a source of
danger, therefore, shall be securely covered or fenced.

2.1.5.14. Excessive Weights (Section 34):

No person shall be employed in the factory to lift or carry excess load/weight so as to

cause him/her physical injury.

2.1.5.15. Protection of Eyes (Section 35):

In every factory, adequate provisions of goggles or screen to protect persons working on

machine which might cause damage to their eyesight, shall be made.

2.1.5.16. Precaution against Dangerous Fumes (Section 36):

No employee in any factory shall be allowed to enter any chamber, tank, pit, vat, pipe,
flue or such other confined place in which any gas or fume is present.

2.1.5.17. Explosive or Inflammable Gas or Dust (Section 37):

In any factory which produces through its manufacturing process dust, gas, fume or
vapour of such nature exploding on ignition, effective measures such as enclosure of the plant or
machinery used in the process, removal of accumulated dust or fume and effective enclosure of
all possible source of ignition, should be taken to prevent explosion likely to be caused by gas or
fume.

2.1.5.18. Precaution in case of Fire (Section 38):

In every factory, effective measures to be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its spread.
These may include exit door to escape in case of fire, necessary equipments and facilities for
extinguishing fire and adequate arrangement to raise alarm in case of fire, preferably a siren.

2.1.5.19. Power to Require Specification of Defective Parts or Tests of Stability

(Section 39):

If it appears to the factory inspector that any building or part of it is in such a condition
that it is dangerous to human life, he/she may ask for details about them or insist on suitable tests
to determine their safety.

2.1.5.20. Safety of Building and Machinery (Section 40):

Where unsafe condition of building and machinery is reported, the inspector having being
satisfied may ask the occupier or manager to repair it suitably.

2.1.5.21. Power to Make Rules (Section 41):

The State Government is empowered to make rules requiring the provision in any factory
of such further devices and measures for securing safety of persons employed therein.

2.1.5.22. The other acts covering statutory provisions of safety are:

 Mines Act, 1952

 Plantation Labour Act, 1961
 Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.
 Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970
 Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961
LEGAL ASPECTS RELATING TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There are legal provisions too for undertaking safety measures. There are laws covering
occupational health and safety and penalties for non-compliance have become quite sever. The
responsibility extends to the safety and health of the surrounding community too.

The civil law establishes the extend of damages or compensation. Under the criminal
law, sentences are prescribed under the pollution control laws. There is no ceiling on the extend
of liability.

2.2.2 The various acts involved in Industrial safety are:

1. The Factories Act, 1984.
2. The Employees State Insurance Act 1948.
3. The Indian Explosive Act, 1884.
4. The Explosive Substance Act, 1908.
5. The Inflammable Substance Act, 1952.
6. The Petroleum Act, 1934.
7. The Indian Electricity Act, 1910.
8. The Indian Boilers Act, 1932.
9. The Fatal Accident Act, 1885.
 CHAPTER- 6

DATA ANALYSIS

&

INTERPRETATION
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Age wise classification of Respondents

Table 5.1

S.No. Age in Years No. of Respondents Percentage

1 30 – 40 11 11.0

2 41 – 50 39 39.0

3 51 – 60 50 50.0

Total 100 100.0

Age wise classification of Respondents

Chart 5.1

60
50
50
39
40
percentage

30

20
11
10

0
30-40 yrs 41-50 yrs 51-60 yrs
Age in years

Inference:

The above table indicates 11 percentages of the respondents belong to 30-40 years old
category, 39 percentages of the respondents belongs to 41-50 years category, 50 percentages of
the respondents belongs to 51-60 years category.

Service of respondents in the organization

Table 5.3
 S.No. Service in the organization Frequency Percentage

1 Below 10 yrs 1 1.0

Service
2 10 - 20 yrs 29 29.0
of
3 20 - 30 yrs 35 35.0

4 above 30 yrs 35 35.0

Total 100 100.0

respondents in the organization

Chart 5.3

35
29 Below 10 Yrs
10 - 20 Yrs
20-30 Yrs
Above 30 Yrs
35

Inference:

The above table indicates 1 percentage of respondent belong to below 10 years, 29

percentage of respondents belong to 10-20 years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to 21-30
years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to above 30 years of service in the organization.

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Table 5.4

S.No. Opinion regarding safety measures Frequency Percentage

1 Very much satisfied 10 10.0

 2 Satisfied 30 30.0

3 Dissatisfied 34 34.0

4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0

Total 100 100.0

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Chart 5.4

10
26
Very much satisfied
30 Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Very much dissatisfied
34

Inference:

The above table indicates 10 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied, 30
percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 34 percentages of the respondents are dissatisfied,
26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.

Providing any personal protective equipment

Table 5.5

S.No. Organization providing personal Frequency Percentage

protective equipments

1 Yes 70 70.0

2 No 30 30.0

Total 100 100.0

 Providing any personal protective equipment

Chart 5.5

30
Yes
No
70

Inference:

The above table indicates 70 percentages of the respondents says that the organization is
providing personal protective equipments and 30 percentages of the respondents says that the
organization does not provide any personal protective equipment.

Frequency of the training programme

Table 5.6

S.No. Training programme Frequency Percentage

1 Monthly 8 8.0

2 Quarterly 17 17.0

3 Half yearly 20 20.0

4 Annually 19 19.0

Total 64 64.0
 Missing System 36 36.0

Total 100 100.0

Frequency of the training programme

Chart 5.6

Monthly
36 17
Quarterly
Half yearly
Annually
20 None

19

Inference:

The above table indicates 8 percentages of the respondents says that every month the
training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 17 percentages of the respondents says
that every quarter the training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 20 percentages of
the respondents says that half yearly once the training on safety and first-aid programme is
conducted, 19 percentages of the respondents says that annually once the training on safety and
first-aid programme is conducted. Also 36 percentages of the respondents says that the training
on safety and first-aid programme is not at all conducted.

Conservancy in case of accidents

Table 5.7

S.No Conservancy Frequency Percentage

1 Loss of production 13 13.0

2 Disability of labour 70 70.0

3 Analysis of the causes of accidents 17 17.0

 Total 100 100.0

Conservancy in case of accidents

Chart 5.7

80
70
70
60
Percentage

50
40
30
17
20 13
10
0
Loss of production Disability of labours Analysis of the causes
of accidents
conservancy

Inference:

The above table indicates that 13 percentages of the respondents says loss of production,
70 percentages of the respondents says disability of labour and 17 percentages of the respondents
says analysis of the causes of accidents will be the considerations of the management in the case
of accidents.

Availability of Safety equipments

Table 5.8

S.No. Safety Equipments Frequency Percentage

1 Abundant 5 5.0

2 Sufficient 30 30.0

3 good/ok 35 35.0
 4 Lacking 30 30.0

Total 100 100.0

Availability of Safety equipments

Chart 5.8

30
Abundant
30
Sufficient
Good/Ok
Lacking

35

Inference:

The above table says that 5 percentages of the respondents says abundant, 30 percentages
of the respondents says sufficient, 35 percentages of the respondents says good/ok, 30
percentages of the respondents says lacking.

Remedial measures taken by organization

Table 5.9

S.No. Remedial Measures Frequency Percentage

1 Highly Satisfactory 13 13.0

2 Satisfactory 37 37.0

3 Good 41 41.0
 4 Poor 9 9.0

Total 100 100.0

Remedial measures taken by organization

Chart 5.9

45 41
40 37
35
30
percentage

25
20
15 13
9
10
5
0
Highly Satisfactory Good Poor
Satisfactory
remedial measures

Inference:

The above table indicates 13 percentages of the respondents are highly satisfied, 37
percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 41 percentages of the respondents says good and 9
percentages of the respondents says poor regarding the remedial measures taken by the
organization in case of accidents.

Major causes of accidents

Table 5.10

S.No. Major causes of accidents Frequency Percentage

 1 unsafe act of men 32 32.0

2 unsafe condition of machines 19 19.0

3 unsafe environment 34 34.0

4 Improper implementation of safety measures 15 15.0

Total 100 100.0

Major causes of accidents

Chart 5.10

40 36
35 31
30
24
25
Percentage

20
15
9
10
5
0
Major Minor Fatal Disability
causes of accident

Inference:

The above table indicates 32 percentages of the respondents says unsafe act of men, 19
percentages of the respondents says unsafe condition of machines, 34 percentages of the
respondents says unsafe environment, 15 percentages of the respondents says improper
implementation of safety measures were the major causes of accidents.

Experienced person doesn't need training

Table 5.11

S.No. Training for experienced persons Frequency Percentage

 1 Yes 39 39.0

2 No 61 61.0

Total 100 100.0

Experienced person doesn't need training

Chart 5.11

39
No
Yes
61

Inference:

The above table indicates 39 percentages of the respondents agrees that the experienced
person doesn’t need training on safety and 61 percentages of the respondents appose it.

Diseases affect you in work environment

Table 5.12

S.No. Diseases affects in work environment Frequency Percentage

1 Byssionosis 46 46.0
 2 Skin disease 21 21.0

3 eye affection 29 29.0

4 others 4 4.0

Total 100 100.0

Diseases affect you in work environment

Chart 5.12

50 46
45
40
35
29 Byssionosis
Percentage

30
Skin disease
25 21
Eye affection
20
Others
15
10
4
5
0
1
Diseases affects the respondents

Inference:

The above table indicates 46 percentages of the respondents affected by Byssionosis, 21

percentages of the respondents affected by skin diseases, 29 percentages of the respondents gets
eye affection and 4 percentages of the respondents gets affected with other types of diseases such
as ear problems.

Frequency of Accidents happening

Table 5.13
 S.No Frequency of accidents Frequency Percentage
.

1 Monthly 18 18.0

2 Quarterly 23 23.0

3 Half yearly 25 25.0

4 Annually 34 34.0

Total 100 100.0

Frequency of Accidents happening

Chart 5.13

40
34
35
30
25
25 23
Percentage

20 18

15
10
5
0
Monthly Quarterly Half yearly Annually
Frequency of accidents

Inference:

The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says every month, 23
percentages of the respondents says every quarter, 25 percentages of the respondents says half
yearly once and 34 percentages of the respondents says annually once the accidents are
happening in their department.

Severity of Accidents caused

Table 5.14
 S.No. Severity of accidents Frequency Percentage

1 Major 36 36.0

2 Minor 31 31.0

3 Fatal 9 9.0

4 Disability 24 24.0

Total 100 100.0

Severity of Accidents caused

Chart 5.14

24
36 Major
Minor
9 Fatal
Disability

31

Inference:

The above table indicates 36 percentages of the respondents says major, 31 percentages
of the respondents says minor, 9 percentages of the respondents says fatal, 24 percentages of the
respondents says disability regarding the severity of the accidents.

Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Table 5.14
 S.No. Causes of great disturbance Frequency Percentage

1 Noise pollution 18 18.0

2 air pollution 45 45.0

3 water pollution 25 25.0

4 all the above 12 12.0

Total 100 100.0

Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Chart 5.15

12 18

Noise Pollution
Air Pollution
25
Water Pollution
All the above
45

Inference:

The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says Noise pollution, 45
percentages of the respondents says Air pollution, 25 percentages of the respondents says water
pollution and 12 percentages of the respondents says all the above as the great disturbance in
their work environment.
 Working conditions provided by organization are good
Table 5.17

S.No. Working conditions in organization Frequency Percentage

1 Strongly agree 5 5.0

2 agree 35 35.0

3 strongly disagree 26 26.0

4 disagree 34 34.0

Total 100 100.0

Working conditions provided by organization are good

Chart 5.17

40
35 34
35
30 26
Percentage

25
20 Series1
15
10
5
5
0
Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree
Agree Disagree
Working Condition is good

Inference:

The above table indicates 5 percentages of the respondents strongly agree, 35 percentages
of the respondents agree, 26 percentages of the respondents strongly disagree and 34 percentages
of the respondents disagree.
 Safety measures in organization
Table 5.18

S.No. Safety measures in Organization Frequency Percentage

1 Very much satisfied 7 7.0

2 satisfied 34 34.0

3 dissatisfied 33 33.0

4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0

Total 100 100.0

Safety measures in organization

Chart 5.18

26
Very much satisfied
Satisfied
34
Dissatisfied
Very much dissatisfied

33

Inference:

The above table indicates 7 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied, 34
percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 33 percentages of the respondents are dissatisfied
and 26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.
 Chi-Square Analysis of Training on Safety & First-aid and Met with accidents

Null Hypothesis:

HO – There is no significant difference between the Training on safety

And first aid and employees meet with accidents.

Observed Frequency

Table 5.19

Training on safety Met with any accidents Total

and first aid Yes No

Yes 45 19 64

No 30 6 36

Total 75 25 100

Expected Frequency

Table 5.19.1

Training on safety Met with any accidents Total

and first aid Yes No

Yes 48 16 64

No 27 9 36

Total 75 25 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.19.2
 S.No. Observed Expected (O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E
Frequency (O)
Frequency (E)

1 45 48 -3 9 0.1875

2 19 16 3 9 0.5625

3 30 27 3 9 0.3333

4 6 9 -3 9 1.0000

Total 100 100 0 36 2.0833

Degrees of Freedom:

(m-1) * (n-1)

(4-1) * (2-1)

=3

Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841

The Calculated value < The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is accepted.

Inference:

There is no significant difference between the training on safety and first aid and

Employees meet with accidents.

Chi-Square Analysis of Providing personal protective equipments and Methods to

improve safety measures

Null Hypothesis:
 HO – There is no significant difference between Providing any
personal protective equipment and methods to improve safety measures

Observed Frequency

Table 5.20

Providing Methods to improve safety Total

personal
protective Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Above
equipments Equipments all

Yes 21 19 11 19 70

No 3 4 16 7 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

Expected Frequency

Table 5.20.1

Providing Methods to improve safety Total

personal
protective Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Above
equipments Equipments all

Yes 16.8 16.1 18.9 18.2 70

No 7.2 6.9 8.1 7.8 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.20.2

S.No. Observed Expected (O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

Frequency (O)
Frequency (E)

1 21 16.8 4.2 17.64 1.05

 2 19 16.1 2.9 8.41 0.5224

3 11 18.9 -7.9 62.41 3.3021

4 19 18.2 0.8 0.64 0.0352

5 3 7.2 -4.2 17.64 2.45

6 4 6.9 -2.9 8.41 1.2188

7 16 8.1 7.9 62.41 7.7049

8 7 7.8 -0.8 0.64 0.0821

Total 100 100 16.3655

Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1)

(4-1) * (2-1)

=3

Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 7.815

The Calculated value > The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is Rejected.

Inference:

There is significant difference between providing personal protective equipment and

methods to improve safety measures.

An analysis of various facilities provided by the organization using

Weighted Average Method

Table 5.21

S.No Factors Excellent Very Good Fair Poor Total Total/N Rank
. good o.of
sample

1 First-aid 80 168 102 14 1 365 3.65 1

facilities

2 Safety training 0 28 129 42 29 228 2.28 4

 facilities

3 Machines/tools 5 64 81 82 15 247 2.47 2

availability

4 Work 0 24 105 88 15 232 2.32 3

environment

Inference:

The above table indicates the various facilities provided by the organization to the
workers. According to the opinion, given by the workers First-aid facilities provided by the
organization ranks first.
 CHAPTER- 7

FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The most significant findings of the study are the high level of awareness about the
various available safety measures among all the classes of the respondents.
 50 percentages of the employees lies above the age of 50 and their experience in this
organization is found to be above 20 years.

The training on safety and first aid are given to 70 percentages of the respondents. The
management’s conservancy in the case of accidents lies on the disability of the labors and also
the respondents are satisfied with the remedial measures taken by the organization.

The Working conditions provided by the organization are not up to the mark, and the
severities of the accidents caused are major. The major cause of the accidents is due to the
unsafe environment and the unsafe act of the labour.

Above 60 percentages of the respondents feels that all the employees must be
given proper training on safety and first aid.

From the weighted average method it is found that the First-aid facility ranks first
among the various facilities provided by the organization.
 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The statutory provisions on safety are adequate for the time being. Effective
enforcement is the current need.
2. The organization should provide sufficient personal protective equipments to
employees working in all the departments.
3. Every fatal accident should thoroughly be enquired into and given wide publicity
among workers.
4. The Organization should arrange for the medical check- ups at regular period of time.
5. If the Organization follows material handling principles and the machines are guarded
properly there is a chance to reduce majority accidents happening inside their
organization.
6. The factory inspectorate should advise and assist employers in drawing up induction
and training programme in safety.
7. Workers reluctance to use safety equipment either because it is inconvenient or
because it has been used by others should be removed through education.
8. Analyzing each accident and including what safety practice was violated.
Management must come forward to reward the department which considerably
reduced the number of accidents in addition to some financial incentive etc.

9. To reduce dust from the cotton good quality cottons may be used.

10. The using of exhaust fans will reduce the steam inside the weaving preparatory
department.
 CHAPTER- 8

CONCLUSION

&

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CONCLUSION

The Study on Safety Management in My Home Cement Ind. Ltd., tells that most of the
employees are dissatisfied with the safety management practiced inside the organization. The
organization has to concentrate more on safety measures and can provide safety equipments like
goggles, gloves, shoes, masks, etc., to improve the safety inside the organization.

The safety training must be given properly and compulsorily to avoid accidents inside the
organization. The first aid training must be given to both the labour and supervisors who are
working in various departments. This will improve the safety of the organization.
 Bibliography

Khanka, S.S., Human Resource Management (Text & Cases),

New Delhi, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2003.

Kharbanda, V.K., Commentaries on The Factories Act, 1948, Allahabad,

Law Publishing House, 1996.

Kothari C.R., Research methodology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd., 1982.

Websites

www.sitehr.com
www.scribd.com
www.google.com
www.docstore.com
www.osh.net

www.safety.com
ANNEXURE
 QUESTIONNAIRE

1) Name: _______________________________ Code No.: _____________

2) Designation: __________________________ Dept.:_________________

3) Age a) 30 – 40 yrs b) 41 – 50 yrs. c) 51 – 60 yrs

4) Service in this Organization

a) Below 10 yrs. b) 10 – 20 yrs. c) 20 – 30 yrs. d) Above 30yrs

1) What is your opinion regarding safety measures in your work spot?

a) Very much satisfied b) satisfied c) Dissatisfied d) Very much dissatisfied

2) Whether the organization is providing any personal protective equipment? If yes specify,

a) Yes b) No Specify _____________

3) Whether the organization provides you training on safety & first-aid measures?
 a) Yes b) No

4) How frequent the safety & first-aid training programme is conducted?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

5) Which of the following is the major consideration in case of accidents by the conservancy?

a) Loss of Production b) Loss of materials

c) Disability of labour d) Analysis of the

Causes of Accident

6) Rank the following safety training, based on their effectiveness?

a) Class room b) On the job c) P.P.T d) Audio-visual

7) The availability of safety equipments in your organization is

a) Abundant b) Sufficient c) Good/ Ok d) Lacking

8) The remedial measures taken by the organization in case of accidents are

a) Highly satisfactory b) Satisfactory c) Good d) Poor

9) What is the major cause of an accident?

a) Unsafe act of men b) Unsafe condition of machines

c) Unsafe environment d) Improper implementation of

safety measures

10) Whether you met with any accident? If yes specify the location?

a) Yes b) No Location _________

11) Best place for giving first-aid in case of accidents? Please rank them accordingly to your
opinion?

a) On the spot b) Dispensary c) Rest Room d) Hospital

12) Which of the following methods will improve the safety measures inside the organization?

a) Posters b) Slogans c) Wearing safety equipments d) above all

13) Do you think that the experienced person doesn’t need training on safety measures?

a) Yes b) No

14) Which of the following disease affects you in your work environment?
 a) Byssionosis b) Skin disease c) Eye affection d) Others

15) How frequent the accidents are happening in your department?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

16) The severity of the accidents caused in your department is

a) Major b) Minor c) Fatal d) Disability

17) Which of the following causes great disturbance in your work environment?

a) Noise Pollution b) Air Pollution c) Water Pollution d)All the above

19) The working conditions provided by your organization are good

a) Strongly agree b) agree c) Strongly disagree d) disagree