GEOTHERMAL POWER 3.

A liquid dominated
geothermal plant with a single
1. An 18,000kw geothermal
flash separator receives water at
plant has a generator efficiency
204°C. The separator pressure is
and turbine efficiency of 90% and
1.04 Mpa. A direct contact
80%, respectively. If the quality
condenser operates at 0.034Mpa.
after throttling is 16% and each
The turbine has a polytropic
well discharges 220,000kg/hr,
efficiency of 0.85. For a cycle
determine the numbers of wells
output of 40MW, what is the mass
are required to produce if the
flow rate of the well water in kg/s?
change of enthalpy at entrance
and exit of turbine is 500Kj/kg.
At 204°C hf=870.51KJ/kg
Ans. 5.11 wells
At 1.04 Mpa hf=770.38
hfg=2009.2
Wr = msΔh
hg=2779.6
sg=6.5729
18000 . = mg [0.16][500]
At 0.034 Mpa hf=301.40
0.9(0.8)
hfg=2328.8
sf=0.9793
mg = 312.5 kg/s
sfg=6.7463
#= (312.5)(3600)
220000 WT = ms [h3-h4]
# = 5.11 wells
40,000 = ms [2779.6-2232]
0.85
2. In a 10MW geothermal power
plant, the mass flow of steam ms = 85.98 kg/s
entering the turbine is 20kg/s. The
h1= hf + hfg
quality after throttling is 25% and
enthalpy of ground water is 870.51 = 770.38 + x [2009.2]
750KJ/kg. Determine the overall
x= 0.049
efficiency of the plant.
ms = xmg
e= WT .
85.98= 0.049mg
mgh1
mg = 1725.31 kg/s
= 10000 .
20 . [750]
0.25
e= 0.1667 x 100 = 16.67%
4. Ground water in geothermal
plant has a ground water flow of
46kg/s. if the quality of hot water
entering the flash tank is 12%, find
the mass of steam entering the
turbine.
ms = xmg
= 0.12 [46]
6. An 18,000 KW geothermal
plant has generator efficiency and
turbine efficiency of 90% and 80%
respectively. If the quality after
throttling is 20% and each well
discharges 400,00kg/he, determine
the number of wells are required
to produce if the change of
enthalpy at entrance and exit of
turbine is 500KJ/kg.

ms = 5.52 kg/s WT = mΔh

5. In a 13MW geothermal power 18000 . = mg [0.2][500]

plant, the mass flow of steam 0.9(0.8)
entering the turbine is 27kg/s. The
quality after throttling is 23% and mg = 250 kg/s
enthalpy of ground water is
730KJ/kg. Determine the overall #= (250)(3600)
efficiency of the plant. 400000

# = 2.25 wells ≈ 3 wells

e= WT .
mgh1

= 13000 .
7. Mass flow rate of ground
27 . [730]
water in a geothermal power plant
0.23
is 1,800,000kg/hr and the quality
after throttling is 35%. Determine
e = 0.1517 x 100 = 15.17%
the brake power of turbine if the
change of enthalpy of steam at
inlet and outlet is 700KJ/kg.
WT = msΔh

1,800,000 . [0.35][700]
3600

WT = 122.5 MW
8. The enthalpy entering the
turbine of a geothermal power
plant is 2850KJ/kg and mass rate
of 1kg/sec. The turbine brake
power is 1000KW, condenser
outlet has enthalpy of 210KJ/kg. If
temperature rise of cooling water
in condenser is 8°C, what us the
mass of cooling water
requirement?
WT= ms[h3-h4]
1000= 1[2850-h4]
h4= 1850
ms[h4-h5] = mwcpΔT
1[1850-210] = mw [4.187] [8]
mw = 48.96 kg/s
9. A geothermal power plant
draws pressurized water from a
well at 20Mpa and 300°C. To
produce a steam water mixture in
the separator, where the unflashed
water is removed. This water is
throttled to a pressure of 1.5Mpa.
The flashed steam which is dry
and saturated passes through the
steam collector and enters the
turbine at 1.5Mpa and expands to
1 atm. The turbine efficiency is
88% at a rated power output of
10MW. Calculate the overall plant
efficiency.
WT= ms[h3-h4]
10000 = m [2792.2 – 2336]
s
0.88
ms = 24.92 kg/s
h1 = hf + xhfg
x= 0.25
e= WT .
mgh1
e = 0.0754 x 100 = 7.54%
10. A flashed steam geothermal
power plant is located where
underground hot water is available
as saturated liquid at 700Kpa. The
well head pressure is 600kpa. The
flashed steam enters the turbine at
500kpa and expands at 15kpa
when it is condensed. The flow
rate from the well is 29.7kg/sec.
Determine the power produced in
kw.
h1 = hf + xhfg
697.22 = 640.23 + x[2108.5]
x= 0.027
WT = ms[h3-h4]
= 29.7[0.027] [2748.7 - 2210]
WT = 431.93 KW
11. A certain geothermal power
plant shows that 1,700,000kg/hr of
pressurized ground water is
available at 17.5Mpa and 330°C.
The water will be throttled to a
pressure of 1.7 Mpa to produce
wet steam and this mixture will be
passed through a water separator
to remove the water droplets so
that saturated steam at 1.7Mpa is
available at the entrance of the
turbine. Other data are as follows:
discharge pressure of the
turbine=85kpa vac; turbine
efficiency=73%; mechanical
loss=2% of shaft power; generator
efficiency= 95%. Determine the
mass flow rate of steam entering
the turbine.
h1 = hf + xhfg
1511.1 = 872.06 + x [1923.6]
x = 0.33
ms = xmg
= 0.33 [1700000]
ms = 516000kg/hr
12. A geothermal energy system
consist of a water well, flasher and
a 15MW turbine power. The
pressurized ground water at
17.5Mpa, 300°C leaves the well to
enter the flasher maintained at
1.3Mpa. The flashed vapor passes
through the separator and
collector to enter the turbine as
saturated vapor at 1.3Mpa. The
turbine exhaust at 1bar. Find the
hourly amount of ground water
required in kg.
h1= hf + x hfg
1335.2 = 814.93 + x [1986.2]
x = 0.26
WT = ms [h3-h4]
15000 = ms [2787.6 – 2353.32]
ms = 34.54 kg/s
ms= xmg
34.54 = 0.26mg
mg = 130.96 [3600]
mg = 471472.27 kg/hr
13. An experimental geothermal
energy system consists of a hot
water well, a flasher-separator-
collector, and a 10MW rankine
engine. The pressurized ground
water at 17.24Mpaa, 282°C leaves
the well to enter the flash chamber
maintained at 1.38Mpaa
(hf=829KJ/kg, hfg=1961KJ/kg). The
flashed vapor passes through the
separator and collector to enter
the turbine as saturated vapor at
1.38Mpaa; turbine exhaust at
0.1Mpaa. The unflashed water runs
to waste. Determine the hourly
quantity of ground water required
for continuous operation.
h1= hf + x hfg
1241.78 = 829 + x [1961]
x = 0.21
WT = ms [h3-h4]
10000 = 0.21mg [2790 – 2345]
mg = 106.87 kg/s
10000[0.794] 10000 .
=
106.7[1242] mg[1242]
mg = 134.6 [3600]
mg = 484566.5 kg/hr
14. In a certain geothermal area,
studies show that 1,800,000 kg/hr
of pressurized ground water is
available at 2500psi and 620°F.
The water will be throttled at
250psia to produce wet steam and
this mixture will pass through a
water separator to remove the
water droplets so that saturated
steam at 250psi is available at the
entrance of the steam turbine for
the plant. Plant data are as
follows: discharge pressure of
turbine is 23 in Hg vacuum;
turbine efficiency is 75%;
mechanical loss is 1.5% of the
shaft power; generator efficiency
is 97%. Determine the maximum
amount of power in MW, the plant
can generate. Assume Patm is 30
in Hg.
h1 = hf + xhfg
640.7= 376.2 + x[825.8]
x= 0.32
WT = ms[h3-h4]
= 1800000 [2.205][0.32][1202.1- 913.97]
3600
= 6104839.716
WT=6104839.716[0.97][0.75][1-0.75]
= 4374651.83 Btu ( 0.746 ).
Min (42.42 HP)
= 76932.82 KW
WT = 76.93MW
15. A geothermal plant has a
combined efficiency of 79%.
Ground water at 175bar and 280°C
leaves the well entering the flasher
maintained at 14bar. The steam
collected enters the turbine at 14
bar and exhaust at 1 atm. If one
well discharges 150,000 kg/hr of
hot water, how many wells are
required if it has an output of
15MW?
h1 = hf + xhfg
1231.3= 830.3 + x [1959.7]
x= 0.204
WT = ms [h3-h4]
15000
= ms [2790 – 2345]
0.79
ms = 42.71 kg/s
mg = 42.71
0.204
= 208.75
# = 208.75[3600]
150000
# = 5 wells
16. Ten tones per hour of boiling
water at 200°C and 15.42atma is to
be double-flashed into a turbine,
the condenser of which is
maintained at a temperature of
52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine
the optimum flashing temperature
at the first stage.
t = tb - 1/3 [tb – tc]
= 200 – 1/3 [200-52]
t = 150.67°C
17. Ten tones per hour of boiling 19. A liquid dominated
water at 200°C and 15.42atma is to geothermal plant with a single
be double-flashed into a turbine, flash separator receives water at
the condenser of which is 204°C. The separator pressure is
maintained at a temperature of 1.04Mpa. A direct contact
52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine condenser operates at 0.034Mpa.
the optimum flashing temperature The turbine has a polytropic
at the second stage. efficiency of 0.75. For a cycle
output of 50MW, what is the mass
t = tb - 2/3 [tb – tc] flow rate of the well water in kg/s?
= 200 – 2/3 [200-52]
t = 101.33°C h1 = hf+xhfg
870.51= 770.38+x[2009.2]
18. In a certain geothermal area, x= 0.049
studies show that 1,500,000 kg/hr
of pressurized ground water is WT = ms[h3-h4]
available at 2500psi and 620°F. 50000/0.75 = ms[2779.6-2232]
The water will be throttled at ms= 121.8
250psia to produce wet steam and
this mixture will pass through a
ms= xmg
water separator to remove the
121.8= 0.049mg
liquid droplets so that saturated
mg= 2444.19 kg/s
steam at 250psi is available at the
entrance of the steam turbine for
20. A 20MW geothermal plant
the proposed power plant. Other
has a generator efficiency and
plant data are as follows:
turbine efficiency of 97% and 82%,
discharge pressure of turbine is
respectively. If the quality after
25 in Hg vacuum; turbine
throttling is 18% and each well
efficiency is 78%; mechanical loss
discharge 200,000kg/hr, determine
is 1.6% of the shaft power;
the numbers of wells are required
generator efficiency is 97%.
to produce if the change of
Determine the maximum amount
enthalpy at entrance and exit of
of power in MW that the plant can
turbine is 500KJ/kg.
generate. Assume Patm is 30 in
Hg.
WT = ms Δh
WT = ms [h3 –h4] 20000 .
= mg [0.18][500]
0.97(0.82)
= (1500000/60) [2.205] [0.32]
mg = 279.38kg/s
[1202.1 – 897]
= 5394842.37 BTU/min
# = 279.38[3600]
h1 = hf + xhfg 200,000
640.7 = 376.2 +x [825.8] # = 5.03 wells
x= 0.32

WT = 5394842.37 [0.97] [0.78]

[1-0.016]
= 4016429.93 (0.746/42.42)(1/1000)
WT = 70.63 MW
21. In an 18MW geothermal 23. Ground water in a
power plant, the mass flow of geothermal plant has a flow rate of
steam entering the turbine is 147600kg/hr and enthalpy of
50kg/s. The quality after throttling 174.35kcal/kg. If the change in
is 35%. Determine the ground enthalpy the turbine is
water enthalpy if the overall 501.55kcal/kg, find the mass of
efficiency of the plant is 65%. steam entering the turbine in kg/s,
if the overall efficiency is 56%.
e= WT . e = WT .
mgh1 mgh1
0.65 = 18000 . 0.56 = WT .
50 h 147600
1 174.35
0.35 3600
h1= 193.85 KJ/kg WT= 4003.076

22. In a 59,250kW geothermal WT = ms Δh

power plant, the mass flow of 4003.076= ms[501.55]
steam entering the turbine is ms= 7.98kg/s
50kg/s. The quality after throttling
is 28%. Determine the ground 24. A 50,000kw geothermal plant
water temperature if overall has a generator efficiency and
efficiency of the plant is 89%. turbine efficiency of 94% and 88%,
respectively. If the quality after
e= WT . throttling is 18% and the change in
mgh1 enthalpy at the turbine is
0.89 = 59250 . 800KJ/kg. Determine the
50 h discharge in each well in kg/hr, if
1
0.28 there are 8 wells being utilized.
h1= 372.81 KJ/kg
WT = ms Δh
h1= CpT 50000 . = m [0.18][800]
g
372.81 = 4.187 T 0.94(0.85)
T= 89.04°C mg= 419 kg/s
#= 419.75 [3600]
8
mg= 188890.23kg/hr
25. A geothermal plant has an
overall efficiency of 45% with a
throttling quality of 38%.
Determine the turbine work having
a flow rate of 25ips if the ground
water temperature is at 78°C.
e = WT .
mgh1
0.45 = WT .
25 .
[4.187(78)]
0.38
WT= 9668.66KW
26. A geothermal power plant 29. The power grid receives
rate of flow is 320kg/min, the 150MW of power coming from
flasher quality after throttling is different sources; one of it is from
16% of the flow. Determine the Mahanagdong geothermal power
brake power of turbine if the inlet plant which produces 8MW less
pressure is at 500Kpa and exit of than 4% efficient. If the
15Kpa. inefficiency of the turbine is 12%
more than the generator,
WT = ms[h3-h4]
determine its output.
= 320 [2748.7 -2210]
60
0.12 + 0.04= 0.16
WT = 2869.68 KW
Output = 8 .
0.96[1-0.16]
Output = 9.92MW
27. The enthalpy entering the
turbine of a geothermal power
30. The power grid receives
plant is 2800KJ/kg and mass rate
150MW of power coming from
of 2kg/sec. The turbine brake
different sources, one of it is from
power is 3MW, condenser outlet
Mahanagdong geothermal power
has enthalpy of 240KJ/kg.
plant which produces 8MW less
Determine the temperature rise if
than 4% efficient. If the
the mass flow rate of water is
inefficiency of the turbine is 12%
30kg/sec.
more than the generator;
WT = ms[h3-h4] determine the change of energy
3000= 2[2800-h4] per kilogram of the turbine of the
h4 = 1300 turbine if the quality after
throttling is the same as that
ms[h4-h5]= mcp ΔT inefficiency extracting 20kg/s from
2[1300-240] =30[4.187] ΔT the well.
ΔT= 16.88°C
WT = ms Δh
9920=20(0.16) (Δh)
28. The throttling quality of
Δh = 3100KJ/Kg
geothermal plat is 18% extracting
50kg/s generating a turbine output
of 2MW. The enthalpy entering the
turbine is 2420KJ/kg. If the cooling
medium has flow rate of 3kg/s with
temperatures entering and leaving
of 27°C and 39°C, respectively.
Determine its outlet enthalpy.
WT = ms[h3-h4]
2000= 50[0.18][2420-h4]
h4= 2197.78
ms[h4-h5]= mcp ΔT
2[0.18][2197.78- h5] =35[4.187][12]
h5 = 2002.38 KJ/kg
31. The power grid receives
150MW of power coming from
different sources; one of it is from
Mahanagdong geothermal power
plant which produces 8MW less
than 4% efficient. The inefficiency
of the turbine is 12% more than
the generator and the entering
enthalpy of turbine is 2500KJ/kg.
The quality after throttling is the
same as that inefficiency
extracting 20kg/s from the well. If
the heat received by the
condenser is 1800KW, determine
the condenser outlet enthalpy.
32. A geothermal power plant
shows that 1,700,000kg/hr of
pressurized ground water is
available at 17.5Mpa and 330°C.
The water will be throttled to a
pressure of 1.7Mpa to produce wet
steam and this mixture will be
passed through a water separator
to remove the water droplets so
that saturated steam at 1.7Mpa is
available at the entrance of the
turbine. Other data are as follows:
discharge enthalpy of turbine=
2210KJ/kg; generator efficiency=
95%. Determine the turbine output.
h1= hf+xhfg
1333.3 = 872.06+ x(1923.6)
x= 0.33
WT = ms[h3-h4]
= [0.33] 1700000
[2795.7 -2210]
3600
WT= 91.8MW
33. A geothermal power plant
draws pressurized water from the
well at 20Mpa and 300°C. This
water is throttled to a pressure of
1.5Mpa. The flashed steam which
is dry and saturated passes
through the steam collector and
enters the turbine at 1.5Mpa and
expands to 1 atm. The turbine
efficiency is 85% at a rated power
output of 15MW. Calculate the
overall plant efficiency?
h1= hf+xhfg
1333.3 = 844.89+ x(1947.3)
x= 0.25
WT = ms[h3-h4]
15000 .
= ms[2792.2-2336]
(0.85)
ms= 38.71
e= WT .
mgh1
= 15000 .
38.71
(1333.3)
0.25
e= 0.0729 x 100 = 7.29%
34. The throttling quality of
geothermal plant is 18% extracting
50kg/s generating a turbine output
of 2.5MW. The enthalpy entering
the turbine is 2420KJ/kg. The
turbine efficiency is 83%. If the
cooling medium has flow rate of
35kg/s with temperatures entering
and leaving of 27°C and 39°C
respectively, determine its outlet
enthalpy.
WT = ms Δh
2500 .
= [50][0.18][2420-h4]
(0.83)
h4= 2085.33
50[0.18][2085.33- h5] =35[4.187][12]
h5 = 1889.93 KJ/kg
35. If the mass flow rate of hot 37. Ten tones per hour of boiling
water is twice as the mass flow water at 200°C and 15.34 atma is
rate steam. Determine the turbine to be double-flashed into a
efficiency of the planet generating turbine, the condenser of which is
8.5MW if the change of their maintained at a temperature of
enthalpies is 700KJ/kg. Assume 52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine
mass extracted from the well is the quantity of the flash steam in
30kg/s. the second stage.
hf 150.67 = 635.08
mw = 2ms hf 101.33 = 424.67
ms = mw hfg 101.33 = 2254.5
2
hf1 – hf2
e= WT . %=
hfg2
mgh1
= 8500 . 635.08– 424.67
=
30 2254.5
(700)
2
= 0.093[10-1.03]
e= 80.95%
m= 0.836 tons/hr
36. Ten tones per hour of boiling
water at 200°C and 15.34 atma is 38. Ten tones per hour of boiling
to be double-flashed into a water at 200°C and 15.34 atma is
turbine, the condenser of which is to be double-flashed into a
maintained at a temperature of turbine, the condenser of which is
52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine maintained at a temperature of
the quantity of the flash steam in 52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine
the first stage. the residual water in the first
hf 15.34 = 852.51 stage.
hf 150.67 = 635.08 mw = 10 – 1.04
hfg 150.67 = 2112.17 mw = 8.96 tons
hf1 – hf2
%=
hfg2

852.51 – 635.08
=
2112.17
= 0.103[10tons/hr]
m= 1.03 tons/hr
39. Ten tones per hour of boiling
water at 200°C and 15.34 atma is
to be double-flashed into a
turbine, the condenser of which is
maintained at a temperature of
52°C (102mm Hg abs). Determine
the potential power in kW.

h2 = hf1+hfg1
= 633.6 + 2113.2
= 2746.8
h3 = 2203.7
h4 = 424.53 + 2253.6
= 2678.13
h5 = 2365.4
P = F [h2 – h3] - F2 [h4 – h3]

1000(1.04)(2746.8-2203.7)+
1000(0.831)(2678.13- 2365.8)
P= 824370/3600
P= 228.99 KW ≈ 230KW

40. If the enthalpy at 100°C is

approximately equal to Cpt, what
would be the difference in
temperature using the same
formula if enthalpy at 204° is
determined to be 871.51KJ/kg.

h= CpT
870.51 = 4.187(T)
T= 207.91
ΔT= 207.91-204
ΔT= 3.91