Joint_interference_fit.

xls
By Alex Slocum
Last modified 4/16/07 by Alex Slocum, with thanks to Xue'en Yang, Stephen Jarman, R
Clearance and pressure in shrink-fit bo
Enter numbers in BOLD, Results in R

Loads
Torque to be transmitted (N-mm) torque 2,000
Axial force to be transmitted (N) force 0
Coefficient of friction mu 0.15
Operating temperature (oC) ot 20
Rotation speed (rpm) rpm 0
Outer body input parameteres
Outside diameter (mm) obod 40.000
Inside diameter (mm) obid 20.000
Plus tolerance (mm) obptol 0.004
Minus tolerance (mm) obmtol 0
Outer body stress concentration factor obscf 2
Modulus of elasticity (N/mm2) obe 2.00E+05
Yield strength (N/mm2) obsy 100
Poisson's ratio obn 0.27
Coefficient of thermal expansion (1/oC) obcte 1.17E-05
Density (g/cm3) obrho 7.827
Inner body input parameters
Engagement length (mm) L 10.000
Outside diameter (mm) ibod 20.005
Inside diameter (mm) ibid 5
OD if to compensate for rotational expansion (mm) 20.005
Plus tolerance (mm) ibptol 0.004
Minus tolerance (mm) ibmtol 0
Inner body stress concentration factor ibscf 2
Modulus of elasticity (N/mm2) ibe 2.00E+05
Yield strength, obsy (N/mm2) ibsy 100
Poisson's ratio ibn 0.27
Coefficient of thermal expansion (1/oC) ibcte 1.17E-05
Density (g/cm3) ibrho 7
Shrink-fit design
Desired assembly clearance at deltaT (mm) ddt 0
Required differential temperature if heating outer body (oC) robdt 3.85E+01
Required differential temperature if cooling inner body (oC) ribdt 3.85E+01
Press-fit design
Maximum assembly force to press fit (N) Fpfmax 3.03E+03
Minimum assembly force to press fit (N) Fpfmin 3.37E+02
 Joint_interference_fit.xls
By Alex Slocum
o Xue'en Yang, Stephen Jarman, Richard Blakelock, Alexandra Nelson, Kurt McMurtrie
arance and pressure in shrink-fit bodies
ter numbers in BOLD, Results in RED

Interference parameters
Interference interface pressure to cause yielding in inner body (N/mm2) Pobmax 48.67
Interference interface pressure to cause yielding in outer body (N/mm2) Pibmax 65.91
Maximum interface pressure (interference fit causes yielding) Pimax 48.67
Minimum required interface pressure (N/mm2) rPI 2.12
Differential Poisson radial interference due to axial force (mm) ddp -0.00E+00
Differential thermal radial expansion (mm) ted 0.00E+00
Outer body rotating inner diameter radial displacement (mm) robd 0.00E+00
Inner body rotating outer diameter radial displacement (mm) ribd 0.00E+00
Total additional diametrical interference amount to be added (to ibod) (mm) addi 0.00E+00
Interference fit calculations (assumes addi has been added to ibod)
Maximum diametrical interference (mm) maxdelta 9.00E-03
Maximum resulting interface pressure (N/mm2) maxip 3.21E+01
Minimum diametrical interference (mm) mindelta 1.00E-03
Minimum resulting interface pressure (N/mm2) minip 3.57E+00
Minimum safety margin (min obtained pressure/required pressure) msmp 1.68
Maximum sustainable torque (N-mm) maxt 3.03E+04
Minimum sustainable torque (N-mm) mint 3.37E+03
Maximum torque limited by interference fit causing yielding yieldt 4.59E+04
Minimum safety margin (min obtained torque/required torque) msmt 1.68
Outer body material stresses at maximum interface pressure
Radial displacement of inner surface (mm) 3.11E-03
Radial press-fit stress at ID (N/mm2) obsr -3.21E+01
Circumferential press-fit stress at ID (N/mm2) obsc 5.36E+01
Axial stress from applied axial Force (N/mm2) obsz 0.00E+00
Shear stress from applied Torque (N/mm2) obtau 8.49E-02
Max radial centrifugal stress (N/mm2) obrc 0.00E+00
Max circumferential centrifugal stress (N/mm2) obcc 0.00E+00
Max Von Mises stress (N/mm2) obvm 7.50E+01
Resulting safety factor (yield stress)/(scf*Von Mises stress) 0.667
Inner body material stresses at maximum interface pressure
Radial displacement of outer surface (mm) -1.39E-03
Radial press-fit stress (N/mm2) ibsr -3.21E+01
Circumferential press-fit stress (N/mm2) ibsc -3.64E+01
Axial stress from applied axial Force (N/mm2) ibsz 0.00E+00
Shear stress from applied Torque (N/mm2) ibtau 1.28E+00
Max radial centrifugal stress (N/mm2) ibrc 0.00E+00
Max circumferential centrifugal stress at ID (N/mm2) ibcc 0.00E+00
Von Mises stress at ID (N/mm2) ibvm 6.86E+01
Resulting safety factor (Yield stress)/(scf*Von Mises stress) 0.729
Equations Ref

1
2
3
4

(See diagrams)
5
(See diagrams)
5

6
7
8
9
10

11
12

13
14
15
16
17

18
19
Comments
interface pressure to cause yielding is determined based on nominal values
interface pressure to cause yielding is determined based on nominal values
whichever is less, select
interface pressure required to transmit torque and force, based on nominal interface diameter
shaft diameter change caused by poisson effect (Hookes' law) in case large axial forces
in case operates at different temp from 20 degrees C, and different materials
centrigual expansion
centrigual expansion

Given tolerances, largest interference

given largest interference, max interface stress
Given tolerances, least interference
Given least interference, max interface stress
This value should be >1: Based on minimal diametral interference least interface stress, is it enough to hold the loads?
Max transmitable torque (assumes no axial load, and interface pressure not limited by yield)
Min transmitable torque (assumes no axial load, and interface pressure not limited by yield)
Max transmitable torque (assumes yield at interface)
This should be the same as msmp
These calcs done using nominal diameters, but pressures come from calcs that use most interference based on tolerances

This value should be greater than 1

These calcs done using nominal diameters, but pressures come from calcs that use most interference based on tolerances

This value should be greater than 1

 Ideal case

Diametrical Interference =
(obid-ibod)

Inner body outside

diameter

Outer body
inside diameter

Worst case for loose fit:

Joint may not be able to transmit
desired force or torque
Diametrical Interference =
[(obid+obptol-(ibod-ibmtol)]
Evaluate the stresses at inside, outside and sqrt(DiDo) dia
For the outer body
Inner body outside
case 1: stresses at inner radius 10.000000
diameter case 2: stresses at outer radius
Radial press-fit stress (N/mm2) -32.141196
Circumferential press-fit stress (N/mm2) 53.568660
Axial stress from applied axial Force (N/mm2) 0.000000
Shear stress from applied Torque (N/mm2) 0.084883
Radial centrifugal stress (N/mm2) 0.000000
Outer body
Circumferential centrifugal stress at ID (N/mm2) inside diameter
0.000000
Von Mises stress at ID (N/mm2) 74.996268
For the inner body
Worst case for tight fit:
case 1: stresses Yield
at inner radius
stresses may be exceeded and 2.500000 case 2: stresses at outer radius
outer (N/mm
Radial press-fit stress body may2 rupture
) -0.000003
Diametrical Interference =
Circumferential press-fit stress (N/mm ) 2
-68.565597
[(obid-obmtol-(ibod+ibptol)]
Axial stress from applied axial Force (N/mm2) 0.000000
Shear stress from applied Torque (N/mm ) 2
0.319238
Inner body outside
Radial centrifugal stress (N/mm2) diameter
0.000000
Circumferential centrifugal stress at ID (N/mm2) 0.000000
Von Mises stress at ID (N/mm ) 2
68.567825

Outer body
inside diameter
outside and sqrt(DiDo) diameters
uter body
s at outer radius 20.000000 case 3: stresses sqrt(DiDo)/2 14.1421356
0.000000 -10.7137319
21.427464 32.1411957
0.000000 0.0000000
0.169765 0.0600211
0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
21.429481 38.629050
nner body
s at outer radius 10.002500 case 3: stresses sqrt(DiDo)/2 5.0006250
-32.141196 -25.7142422
-36.424404 -42.8513574
0.000000 0.0000000
1.277269 0.3192775
0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
34.553784 37.361434
From Slocum, A. H., Precision Machine Design, © 1995, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI.
(first published by Prentice Hall in 1992), pp 387-399

Radial displacements due to Poisson effect, thermal expansion and rotation

Inner body Poisson radial displacement

2 Fouter DI , outer 2 F inner DO ,inner

uPoisson   (
 ( DO ,outer 2  DI ,outer 2 ) Eouter  ( DO ,inner 2  DI ,inner 2 ) Einner
Thermal radial mismatch

uthermal  T (CTEinner  CTEouter )  Dint erface / 2 , use D int erface =D I , outer

Outer body radial displacement caused by rotation
( DO , outer2+ D I , outer2) D I , outer DO , outer2
ucentri , outer =
ρω2
8E
¿ −
2 {(
D I , outer 3
+( 3+ ηouter ) )4( 1+η outer )
⋅
[ 2
+
8( 1−η
(3)
Inner body radial displacement caused by rotation
D +D
ucentri , outer =
ρω2
8 E¿
−
2 {(
D O , inner 3
+(3+ηinner )
O , inner 2
)
4 ( 1+ ηinner )
⋅
[
2
(
I , inner 2 D O , inner
+
D O , inner D
8( 1−η
(4)
)

Interface pressure as a result of diametrical interference

Δ
P=
D I , outer DO , outer 2 + D I , outer 2 D O , inner D O , inner 2 + D I ,inner 2
E outer D ( 2 −D O , outer 2
+ ηouter +
Einner D
I , outer
)
2−D 2 (
−ηinner
O , inner I , inner
) (

For the outer body subjected to internal pressure, axial force, torque and rotation
The radial displacement of the inner surface caused by internal pressure

DI ,outer P  DI , outer 2  DO , outer 2 

uinner     outer  (
2 Eouter  DO , outer 2  DI ,outer 2 

Radial stress caused by internal pressure
DI ,outer 2 P  DO ,outer 2 
 r , pressure   1     P (
DO ,outer  DI , outer
2 2
 DI ,outer 2 
Circumferential stress caused by internal pressure
DI , outer 2 P  DO , outer 2   DO ,outer 2  DI , outer 2 
  , pressure  1    P   (
DO , outer  DI , outer
2 2
 DI , outer 2   DO, outer  DI , outer
2 2

Axial stress caused by axial force
4F
σ z= (
π( D 2−D 2)
O ,outer I , outer
 DI ,outer 2 P  DO ,outer 2 
 r , pressure   1     P (
DO ,outer  DI , outer
2 2
 DI ,outer 2 
Circumferential stress caused by internal pressure
DI , outer 2 P  DO , outer 2   DO ,outer 2  DI , outer 2 
  , pressure  1    P   (
DO , outer  DI , outer
2 2
 DI , outer 2   DO, outer  DI , outer
2 2

Axial stress caused by axial force
4F
σ z= (
π( D 2−D 2)
O ,outer I , outer

Circumferential centrifugal stress at the inner surface

ρω 2 ( 3+ ηouter ) D I , outer 2 DO , outer 2 ( 1+3 ηouter
σ θ , centrifugal=
8 4
+
2
−
(
( 3+η outer )
Von Mises stress at the inner surface

( r    , pressure    ,centrifugal )2  (  , pressure    ,centrifugal  

 VonMises 
2

For the inner body subjected to external pressure, axial force, torque
The radial displacement of the outer surface caused by interna
D O ,inner P D O ,inner 2 −D I ,inner 2
uouter =−
2 Eouter D 2 −D 2 (
−ηinner
O ,inner I ,inner
)
Radial stress caused by external pressure
DO ,inner 2 P  DI ,inner 2 
 r , pressure    1    P
DO ,inner  DI ,inner
2 2
 DO ,inner 2 
Circumferential stress caused by external pressure
DO ,inner 2 P  DI ,inner 2   DO ,inner 2  DI ,inner 2 
  , pressure   1    P  
DO ,inner 2  DI ,inner 2  DO ,inner 2   DO ,inner  DI ,inner
2 2

Axial stress caused by axial force
4F
σ z=
π(D 2 −D 2)
O ,inner I , inner
Shear stress caused by torque
16 ΤD O ,inner
τ=
π( D 4 −D 4)
O , inner I , inner
Circumferential centrifugal stress at the outer surface
ρω 2 ( 3+ ηinner ) D I , inner 2 D O , inner 2 (1+3 η inner
σ θ , centrifugal=
8 2
+
4
−
(
( 3+ ηinner )
 2 2
O ,inner I , inner
Shear stress caused by torque
16 ΤD O ,inner
τ=
π( D 4 −D 4)
O , inner I , inner
Circumferential centrifugal stress at the outer surface
ρω 2 ( 3+ ηinner ) D I , inner 2 D O , inner 2 (1+3 η inner
σ θ , centrifugal=
8 2 ( +
4
−
( 3+ ηinner )
Von Mises stress at the outer surface
( r    , pressure    ,centrifugal ) 2  (  , pressure   ,centrifu
 VonMises 
2
rborn, MI.

Interference Diagrams

Ideal case

Diametrical Interference =
otation (obid-ibod)

Inner body outside

diameter
(1)
Einner

Outer body
inside diameter

r2 )
⋅
D I , outer
2
+
D
O , outer
2 D I , outer

8( 1−ηouter )
(3)
]} Worst case for loose fit:
Joint may not be able to transmit
desired force or torque
Diametrical Interference =
[(obid+obptol-(ibod-ibmtol)]

Inner body outside

D O , inner D
]}
diameter
er 2 ) D O , inner I , inner
2
⋅ +
2 8( 1−η inner )
(4)
Outer body
inside diameter
+D
−D
I ,inner 2

I , inner 2
−ηinner
) (5)
Worst case for tight fit:
Yield stresses may be exceeded and
outer body may rupture
and rotation Diametrical Interference =
nal pressure [(obid-obmtol-(ibod+ibptol)]

Inner body outside

diameter
(6)

(7) Outer body

inside diameter

(8)

(9)
 (7)

(8)

(9)

er surface
( 1+3 ηouter ) D I , outer 2
outer 2
2
−
( 3+η outer ) 4 ) (11)

ssure    ,centrifugal   z ) 2  ( r   z ) 2
 3 2

(12)
xial force, torque and rotation
caused by internal pressure

nner
) (13)

(14)

essure
nner  DI ,inner 2 
2

2 

nner  DI ,inner 
2

(16)

(17)

er surface
(1+3 η inner ) DO , inner 2
nner 2
4
−
( 3+ ηinner ) 4 ) (18)
 (17)

er surface
(1+3 η inner ) DO , inner 2
4
nner 2
−
( 3+ ηinner ) 4 ) (18)

 , pressure   ,centrifugal   z )2  ( r   z )2
 3 2
2
(19)