362 3.

3 Co-base alloys

3.3.2 Co-25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-B alloy

3.3.2.1 Introduction

Although the creep strength of Co-base alloys is smaller than that of Ni-base alloys, recently they are
used in turbine applications in a secondary position to Ni-base alloys because of their advantages in hot-
corrosion resistance and thermal-shock resistance [1, 2]. Co-25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-B (X-45) is a daughter of
X-40, which was first introduced in the 1940s. These alloys have higher carbon content, because they are
basically strengthened by carbide precipitation. The carbides are mainly M23C6 because of high Cr content
[1]. Tungsten is a solid solution strengthening element [2]. Although the creep strength of X-45 is lower
than that of X-40 due to the lower carbon content, weldability and phase stability is improved. X-45 is
used for nozzle vane partitions in industrial turbines and some aircraft engines. X-45 is normally used in
as cast condition, but sometimes solution heat treatment is applied.

3.3.2.2 Materials standard and chemical composition

The chemical composition requirement of ASTM A567 Grade 13 (discontinued 1987) is shown in Table
209. The mechanical properties of X-45 are reported in [2], [3], and [4].

Table 209. Chemical composition requirement of Co-25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-B (X-45) superalloy castings

ASTM Chemical composition [wt%]
A567
Grade13 C Si Mn P S Ni Cr W B Fe
0.20- 0.75- 0.40- 9.50- 24.5- 7.00- 0.005-
X-45 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤2.00
0.30 1.00 1.00 11.50 26.5 8.00 0.015

3.3.2.3 Tensile properties

The 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of X-45 alloy are shown in Fig. 459 [3]. The yield strength and
tesnsile strength of X-45 alloy are shown in Fig. 460 [2].

0.2% proof stress Tensile strength

800 800

700 700

600 600

500 500
Stress (MPa)

Stress (MPa)

400 400

300 300

200 200

100 100

0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Test temperature (℃) Test temperature (℃)

Fig. 459. 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of X-45 alloy [3].

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New Series VIII/2B
Ref. p. 365] 3.3.2 Co-25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-B alloy 363

150
Ultimate strength, Ftu , and Yield strength, Fty [ksi ]

X-45, As cast
Ftu
100
80

60
Fty
40

20
Electroslag remelted
Vacuum-arc remelted
Fig. 460. Yield strength and tensile strength of X-45
alloy [2]. 1 ksi = 6.89476 MPa
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Temperature [F ]

3.3.2.4 Creep and rupture properties

Stress vs. creep rupture time relations of X-45 alloy are shown in Fig. 461 [3]. 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 and
100,000 h rupture-stresses as a function of temperatures are available in Fig. 462 [3] and 463 [2].
Minimum creep rate for X-45 alloy castings are reported as shown in Fig. 464 [3].
g
500
７５０℃
８００℃
８５０℃
300
９００℃
９５０℃

100
80

60

40
Fig. 461. Creep rupture strength
data of X-45 alloy; [3]. n
indicates the total number of data
n=103
20
points.
1 2 3 4 5 6
10 10 10 10 10 10

Time to rupture (h)

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New Series VIII/2B
364 3.3 Co-base alloys

800
600
500
400
300 { Tensile
strength
200
Stress [MPa]

{ 0.2%
proof
100 stress
80 100 h
60
50
40
30
10000 h
a 20

800
600
500
400
300 { Tensile
strength
200
Stress [MPa]

{ 0.2%
proof
100 stress
80
60
50
1000 h
40
30 Fig. 462. Temperature depen-
dence of creep rupture strength
100000 h
20 from 100 to 100,000 h; [3].
600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
b Temperature [°C]

100 300
80
200
60
10 h
100 h
40 100
1000 h
Rupture stress [ksi]

30 80 750 °C
Stress [MPa]

60
20 50 800 °C
15 40
30 750 °C
10 850 °C 800 °C
900 °C 950 °C 850 °C
8 20 900 °C
950 °C
6
n = 48
4 10
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1
Temperature [F] Minimum creep rate [% / h]

Fig. 463. Temperature dependence of creep rupture Fig. 464. Stress vs. minimum creep rate for X-45
strength from 10 to 1,000 h; [2]. 1 ksi = 6.89476 MPa superalloy castings; [3].

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New Series VIII/2B
Ref. p. 365] 3.3.2 Co-25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-B alloy 365

3.3.2.5 Referecnes

[1] The superalloys, ed. by Sims, C. T., and Hagel, W. C., John Wiley & Sons (1972) p.145.
[2] Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, vol.5, code 4305 (1985).
[3] NRIM Creep Data Sheet, No.30B (1988).
[4] Report on the mechanical properties of metals at elevated temperatures, Vol. IV Superalloys, The
Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (1979).

Landolt-Börnstein
New Series VIII/2B