Fresh

VOLUME 38 l
Monsoon Edition, 2012 | Analytical Sciences and Laboratory Services
Fresh VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012

WHAT’S

Fresh
inside...
Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. no.
• Analysis of polyurethanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
• Determination of Formaldehyde content in
textile samples – ISO 14184 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
• Analysis of organic acids in food . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
• Analysis of food packaging film by
Headspace GC-MS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
• Analysis of Drug Substances in
Headache Medicines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13
Product of the month
• From sample to results in seconds!
AxION® DSA™ System Direct
Sample Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15
Dear patrons,
This month of August is a sensational month for the entire
world; not because of the sluggish economy but for the
reason that all the nations on this planet come together is
sports. Yes! Friends the London Olympics 2012.
Olympics organization is a pride for the host nation;
participation in the events is the achievement for
sportsperson and winning a medal is a dream. Since the
games were initiated after the world war again; the
competition is not restricted to the performance of the
sports persons but more and more scientific methods got
introduced for the betterment of the human energy.
The sports devices, clothing, event arena, training
equipment etc. have gone hi-tech so as to assist the
athletes to perform better and make new records. The
science and chemistry of sports are closely associated with
each other. The polymers, used in shoes, tracks, pole
vault, gymnastics bar grips are the best examples where
the performance of these players has improved
2 fold in the last 20 years. The lighter carbon doped
polymers used in cycles is helping the cyclist reach the
best timings at the speed tracks of velodrome.
The sportsmen need energy to perform; which is
replenished by healthy diet and health drinks for faster
recovery. It is also observed that sports scientists are very
keen on providing comfortable clothing to sportsmen.
However performance improvement also lead to unethical
practices like doping by banned drugs. The International
Olympic committee and WADA are closely monitoring the
malpractices in the sports events and taking strict actions.
PerkinElmer analytical technologies are useful for various
testing of food, juices, packaging, textiles, polymers,
rubbers, drugs, air, drinking water and many more. In this
issue of ‘Fresh’ we have covered various applications
related to these goods and few interesting facts of the
chemistry involved.
In this month India is celebrating its independence day on
15th August. Hence overall this is a month of happenings.

Team Marketing
PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Fresh
Analysis of
polyurethanes
PerkinElmer thermal analyzers are
the best tools available for the
testing of polyurethane and ethylene
monomers. Polyurethane acrylate
resin can be synthesized by either
thermal curing or UV curing. The
final product has two separate
phases – the soft-segment and the
hard-segment. The glass transition
temperature (Tg) of these two
phases depends on the chemical
composition and molecular weight
of these two phases. The interesting
mechanical property of polyurethane
acrylate material is largely due to the
two phase morphology. Polyure-
thane acrylate is widely used as a
coating for metals, paper, optical
fibers, and other materials.
Since the two phase structure is
important to polyurethane acrylate
material’s function, the glass transi-
tion temperatures of these two
phases are important parameters to
know. Differential scanning calorim-
etry (DSC) is generally used to detect
Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services
DSC 8000
glass transition temperature of poly-
mer. However for polyurethane
acrylate, the two glass transitions are
weak and one of them is sub-
ambient. The conventional slow heat-
ing rate of 10 °C/min makes it diffi-
cult to detect these two Tg. The sen-
sitivity of DSC can be increased by
increasing heating rate because the
heat flow signal of DSC is propor-
tional to scanning rate according to
the basic heat flow equation:
The fast scanning rate DSC tech-
nique is proven to be very effective
in detecting weak glass transition in
highly crystalline polymer like HDPE,
In this study, the polyurethane
acrylate sample is from a coating on
mold release paper which is used
during artificial leather molding. The
new DSC8000 double furnace power
compensation DSC with liquid nitro-
gen cooling accessory LN2 can be
used to detect Tg.
Polyurethanes constitute a broad
class of polymers created by reacting
a diisocyanate with a polyol. Once
polymerized, of course, the polyure-
thane has a molecular weight much
too large to permit analysis by GC
alone. Polymers of all types, how-
ever, may be assayed by GC and
GC-MS with the aid of analytical
pyrolysis1 which fragments the poly-
mer into characteristic compounds
that are small enough to pass
through the GC column. This frag-
mentation process is reproducible
and the resulting compounds are fre-
quently monomeric material of the
original large polymer molecule. This
is especially the case for polyuretha-
3
Fresh VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012

nes, since
pyrolysis regen-
erates the
diisocyanate
used, and also
provides infor-
Clarus™ GC and mation about
SQ8 MS system the structure of
the polyol.
Information regarding additives,
including copolymers and additives is
also produced during such thermal
treatments, and helps to characterize
the polyurethane product more fully.
The analytical system consisting of a
PerkinElmer Clarus™ GC-MS interfaced
with a CDS Analytical Pyroprobe. The
Pyroprobe vaporizes the polymer and
provides analyte to the injection port
of the GC, which is then operated in
the same way it would be for other
analyses. The pyrolysis compounds are
introduced to the GC without a sol-
vent, so no solvent delay is needed,
and all peaks in the chromatogram
are the result of constituents of the
sample material.
A urethane bond is formed when
aisocyanate (R-N=C=O) reacts with an
alcohol. If compounds with two
isocyanate groups and two (or more)
–OH groups are reacted, the result is a
polyurethane. This class of polymers
has a very broad range of physical
properties, including tough clear films,
paints, solids, foams and elastomers.
The component with the OH groups is
called the polyol, and may take a vari-
ety of forms, which helps dictate the
physical properties of the polymer. In
addition, several diisocyanates are
commonly used, including the most
typical, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), but
also hexane diisocyanate (HDI),
diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
and 5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)
-1,3,3 trimethyl cyclohexane (IDI). The
polyol portion of the polymer may be
made as a polyether, or as a polyester,
which is frequently based on adipic
acid.
Analytical pyrolysis, coupled with gas
chromatography and mass spectrome-
try, provides significant information
about polyurethanes, including the
specific diisocyanate used and the
nature of the polyol. Although the
pyrograms may be relatively simple
(compared to the pyrograms
produced from polyolefins, for exam-
ple) the major peaks relate directly to
the chemical nature of the
macromolecule. Polyester polyols are
generally made with adipic acid,
which generates a marker peak of
cyclopentanone. (This is true for other
condensations polymers, such as
Nylons, using adipic acid as well.)
Polyether polyols produce small ether
molecules, the diisocyanate is regener-
ated and generally constitutes a major
peak. Additives, including flame retar-
dants are frequently seen in modified
polyurethanes, as are pyrolysis prod-
ucts from other polymers that may be
added, such as polystyrene.
For more details about these
applications please write to
marketing.india@perkinelmer.com

For various polymer analysis

BETTER INSIGHTS From raw materials to the finished products, our
BETTER PRODUCTS comprehensive portfolio of analytical solutions is
designed to give you higher accuracy, sensitivity
and ease of use for examining the purity,
composition and performance of your plastics and
polymers.
PerkinElmer’s expertise in hyphenated technology
solutions like TGA – GCMS, TGMS, DSC-Raman, Pyris I TGA-GCMS Hyphenated System
UV-DSC, TG-IR, etc., ensures characterization of
complex material and components with better
insights.

For further information log on to www.perkinelmer.com/polymer

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Tel: +91-22-3326 1700, Fax: +91-22-3326 1790, +91-22-3326 1791
Email: marketing.india@perkinelmer.com
www.perkinelmer.in

4
Fresh
Chemistry of running track
Modern sports especially the track
and field events are emerging as
high tech games. Every fraction of
a second leaves the record of the
athlete way behind. Normally the
games are held every four years
and sportsmen prepare themselves
to beat the records. For any runner
the foot hold and grip to the
ground surface is very important.
Harder the push and stronger the
grip makes him or her to clock the
best timing. The weather also play
a vital role in the performance.
Providing the best running track
surface to athletes is the basic
requirement in this modern world.
The art of preparing competitive
track surface at low cost has been
practiced by most specialists who
prepare running tracks. Many
runners at high school levels in the
United States are reported to be
wounded because of rough tracks.
The surface on which you run
plays a major role in your
Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services
performance. Whether it is an
indoor or outdoor running track,
the surface must be flexible,
durable, and intended for high
performance training and
competition.
Many controversies and injuries
have occurred in the past because
of poor running track surface.
Many star competitors refused to
participate in major events. At
games in Atlanta even the world
champion athlete refused to
participate, and the common
reason was hard track. It is quiet
natural that, to achieve glory,
athletes try to run as fast as they
can, hence, it is necessary to
provide them with obedient tracks.
The basic is a hard surface could
be favored for sprinting while
more cushioning track is preferred
for long distance running.
In recent days, the synthetic
running track surface has been
preferred the most in many major
events. Also, there are many track
construction contractors available
in the market. The Seal-Flex track
surface is one of the best options
for running. The Seal-Flex mixture
is composed of marooned rubber
particles surrounded by a rough
latex mixture and permanently
bonded to an asphalt substrate.
This formula creates a tough and
perfect mat like surface. The next
in the list is the excellent quality
Gen-Track running track surface
that is easy to set up and maintain.
The Beijing Olympics that were
held in China provided the fastest
running track surface in the history
of Olympics. Several researches
has concluded that the running
surface made of asphalt and stone
base, polyurethane surface, and a
butyl rubber layer gives the best
results. Finally, the track surface is
finished with fixed ethylene
propylene diene monomer
particles for higher gripping.
5
Fresh VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012

Determination of Formaldehyde
content in textile samples – ISO 14184
Formaldehyde
Chemically formaldehyde is com-
posed of three elements Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Formalde-
hyde has a pungent odor and is very
soluble in water. It is usually
available as an aqueous solution
known as formalin. Apart from
industrial manufacturing of formal-
dehyde, an uncontrolled forest fires
are another source of formaldehyde
released in an open environment.
Industrial applications
Formaldehyde is used for several
applications such as manufacturing
of wooden articles, paint, paper,
and textile. The paper industry uses
urea-formaldehyde resins. In
wooden articles such as plywood, it
is used as binder. The textile industry
uses formaldehyde for multiple
applications such as to finish apparel
fabrics, for fire retardation process,
for water repellency, stiffness and
wrinkle resistance in fabric.
Potential health and
environmental effects
Even though formaldehyde has a lot
of industrial applications, there are
potential health and environmental
effects due to Formaldehyde.
Breathing formaldehyde vapors can
result in irritation of nerves in the
eyes and nose, which may cause
burning or itching sensations, a sore
throat; teary eyes etc. Any allergic
skin reaction can lead to cancer.
Formaldehyde released in environ-
ment due to industrial waste or
uncontrolled forest fires again lead
to contamination of rain water,
oceans or surface water.
Regulations
Regulatory bodies have specification
limits for the release of formalde-
hyde from textile materials. The ISO
14184 specifies a method for deter-
mining the amount of free formal-
dehyde and formaldehyde extracted
partly through hydrolysis by means
of a water extraction method. The
method can be applied to the test-
ing of textile samples in any form.

6
Fresh
The procedure is intended for use in
the range of free and hydrolyzed
formaldehyde on the fabric between
20 mg/Kg and 3500 mg/Kg when
determined by this method1. The
lower limit is 20 mg/kg. Below this
limit the result is reported as ‘not
detectable’.
Analytical technique
The test method specified in the ISO
14184 is based on UV-VISIBLE
spectroscopy technique. A standard
regression curve is generated by
measuring the absorbance of series
of formaldehyde calibration
standards. The absorbance measure-
ments are carried out at 412 nm
wavelength using 1 cm quartz
cuvette. Before measurement
calibration standards need to be
treated with Acetylacetone reagent
and kept at 40 degree Celsius. The
sample preparation includes weigh-
ing of 1 gm of sample and followed
by the similar color development pro-
cedure used for calibration stan-
dards. The possible interferences dur-
ing the absorbance measurements
can be identified and then
confirmed using Dimedone reagent.
A typical regression curve obtained
for formaldehyde calibration
standards is shown in the figure
1. The measurements were carried
out using PerkinElmer Lambda 35™
UVVIS spectrophotometer as shown
in the figure 2.
Table 1: Instrument parameters
Wave length 412 nm
Measurement mode Absorbance
Cell path length 10 mm
Cell material Quartz
Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services
Corr. Abs Vs Conc.
y = 0.142x + 0.040
R² = 0.997
Corr Abs
Absorbance
Concentration (µg/mL)
Figure 1: Regression curve for Formaldehyde Figure 2: PerkinElmer Lambda Series
calibration standards. 25/35/45UV/VIS Spectrophotometer
Chemistry of
sportswear
Sports clothing has come along
way from the cotton vestand
shorts. A whole array of technical
fabrics are now available,
designed to enhance performa-
nce, increase comfort and protect
the athlete. One of the most
familiar – and important – fibres
used in sports clothing is Lycra, or
skin, as they have four channels
elastane. This polyurethane –
running along them to speed up
polyuria copolymer was invented
the transport of water along the
more than long ago by scientists.
fibre. This also makes the fabric
The elastane fibres are combined ‘breathable’ has hollow fibres,
with other fibres, such as nylon or which trap air. Fabrics made with
polyester, and woven into fabrics this fibre give good insulating
that stretch and retain their shape, properties, yet are lightweight.
all owing clothes that cling to the They also dry quickly.
skin to be made. It is now used in
It expels sweat nearly eight times
a wide range of sports clothing,
as fast as polyester, which was
from swimming costumes to
particularly important in the very
cycling kit where a close fit is
humid conditions where the
required, to looser clothing where
Olympic competition was held. By
its elasticity enhances both
incorporating additives into yarns,
comfort and fabric performance.
the properties of the fabric can be
The shape of the fibres can have
enhanced by reducing lactic acid
an effect on a fabric’s properties.
formation and hence the muscle
These technical fibres are designed
fatigue.
to wick moisture away from the
7
Fresh
Analysis of organic acids in food
In food, organic acids originate from
the natural biochemistry processes
or are added as preservatives,
acidulants and stabilizers. Organic
acids contribute to the sensory
properties of foods by providing
taste and aroma. Citric acid is widely
used in soft drinks to provide them
with the sour taste of citrus fruit;
fumaric acid is used as an acidulant
in baking powder. In the food
industry, organic acids are used as
antimicrobial agents: formic acid is
used as an antibacterial agent in
livestock feeds where it can kill
salmonella bacteria; proprionic acid
is used as preservative in baked
goods where it prevents the growth
of mold and kills some bacteria. The
use of organic acids in food is
regulated in most countries, and the
8
type and amount is constantly
monitored to insure the food is safe
for consumption and complies with
regulations.
The PerkinElmer Flexar™ FX-15 with
Flexar FX Photodiode Array Detector
(PDA) provided the UHPLC platform
for this application. The separation
Flexar™ FX-15 UHPLC system
VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012
was completed on a PerkinElmer
Brownlee™ Analytical C18, 5 µm 100
mm x 4.6 mm column. The run time
was approximately 5 min. with a
back pressure of 2000 PSI (138
bars). Alternatively, instead of a
phosphate buffer a similar
separation was obtained with
0.02% formic acid.
Analysis of organic acids in reverse
phase LC is challenging due to the
low retention factor and subsequent
elution close to or within the void
volume. In aqueous solutions,
organic acids typically dissociate into
their ionic form, which tend to be
more polar and elute earlier than the
nonionic form (In reverse phase LC,
the more polar a compound, the
faster it elutes). By lowering the
Fresh
mobile phase pH, ionization is
prevented causing longer retention
and improved resolution between
peaks.
With only one injection, a spectrum
of each acid can be obtained and
each wavelength maximum can be
determined enabling a suitable
setting for the analysis. With
PerkinElmer’s Chromera® software
supporting the PDA, a spectral
library can be created and used to
confirm the identity of peaks in
samples.
PerkinElemer’s PDA provides a
rugged and accurate detection over
a range of 190 nm to 700 nm
encompassing UV and Vis
wavelengths. The PerkinElmer
Chromera software offers many data
acquisition and processing features
Chemistry
of juices
Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services
Fumaric acid Proprionic acid
Tartaric acid D-isoascorbic acid
such as spectral library creation, and
peak purity, spectra 3D and contour
maps, which are powerful tools for
interrogating the information
content of a 3D photodiode array
chromatogram.
It’s important to drink when
exercising – it’s easy to become
dehydrated as so much water is
lost in sweat. But it’s not only water
that’s lost – sweat contains salt and
other essential chemicals and then,
of course, the energy that’s been
burnt up needs to be replaced.
A steady stream of new sports
drinks have appeared on the
shelves, and today there are many
sophisticated products that contain
chemicals designed to aid recovery.
Sports drink contains three
essential components – water,
electrolytes and carbohydrates.
Water on its own isn’t enough – it
quenches the thirst too quickly and
there is a danger that the athlete
will remain dehydrated. Even if
Citric acid Succinic acid
Acetic acid Formic acid
Courtesy: Njies Pedjie, PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
For detail application note and system
configuration please write to
marketing.india@perkinelmer.com
they do drink sufficient plain water,
there is a risk that the level of salt
in the blood will fall to dangerous
levels.
Electrolytes, including sodium and
potassium salts, replace those lost
in the sweat. The carbohydrates are
also important, as they replace the
‘fuel’ that has been burnt by the
muscles. These might be glucose,
fructose, maltodextrinor even
sucrose. A number of sports
recovery drinks also contain
proteins. The aim here is to
increase the levels of glycogen and
protein in the muscles, and help
muscle repair and growth. Some of
these drinks also contain amino
acids, the chemical building blocks
that make up proteins.
9
Fresh
Analysis of food packaging
film by Headspace GC-MS
Food-packaging material is typically
manufactured as a thin film and
coated with inks which usually
contain multiple, harmful, volatile
organics. Therefore, they must be
carefully monitored and quantitated
to ensure that the amounts are
limited. Traditionally, the test for
solvent materials in food packaging
film was performed using a
technique of heating a square meter
of the film material inside a mason
jar. This jar is then opened and
tested (by smell) for volatile organic
compounds.
10
VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012
Later, this test was expanded to
extract a headspace sample out of
the mason jar by syringe and then
injected into a gas chromatograph
(GC) for quantitative analysis. This
produced significantly better results
and provided laboratories with a
quantitative number. This process is
still very time-consuming and labor
intensive as a result of the number samples that can be analyzed each
of manual steps involved. The day. The technique demonstrated
manual process of cutting food here will greatly improve the
packaging, placing it in a mason jar, efficiency and throughput of this
heating the jar, and manually analysis. This analysis can be
collecting a sample for GC analysis completely automated using a
dramatically limits the number of PerkinElmer TurboMatrix™
Fresh
Headspace (HS) sampler with the
Clarus® Gas Chromatograph/Mass
Spectrometer (GC-MS) This system
passed all the requirements for
food-packaging analysis.
Experimental
The first food packaging film used
for this experiment was from a
typical package of cookies. This film
was cut into squares: 325 cm2
pieces. The typical volume used in a
mason jar is a square meter but this
volume is not required for the
headspace sampler. The desired
sensitivity can be reached with
significantly lower quantities. The
second packaging material tested
was obtained from a shopping bag
that you would typically find at a
department store. The 325 cm2
pieces of film were added directly to
a 22-mL headspace vial. The vial was
then sealed with silicone/PTFE septa
In addition, a calibration standard
was prepared to get an estimate of
the expected concentration of the
typical solvents. This standard was
prepared by adding 4.7 µg of each
solvent in a 22-mL headspace vial.
The instrument used for this analysis
was a Turbo Matrix Headspace Trap
sampler run in headspace-only
mode. This bypassed the trapping
capability. If extra sensitivity is
required, the trap option could be
Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services
used for up to 100 times lower
detection levels. The shaker option
on the headspace was utilized for a
faster equilibration of the solid film
material. The headspace was
controlled using the Turbo Matrix
remote control software and was
coupled to the Clarus GC-MS. The
Clarus GC was equipped with a
programmable split/split less (PSS)
injector and programmable
heated headspace technique would
pneumatic control (PPC).
allow for a flame ionization detector
Deactivated fused silica (0.32 mm)
(FID) to be used as a substitute for
transfer line connects the Turbo
the MS detector. While the MS gives
Matrix HS Trap to the Clarus GC.
a positive identification as well as
The GC column was directly
selectivity, the FID can be used in a
connected to this transfer line using
majority of standard QA/QC
a universal union The Clarus MS was
environments.
controlled via TurboMass™ GC-MS
software and operated in electron The cookie package/wrapper had
ionization (EI) mode. approximately 0.22 mg/m2 of
solvents found. However, Propanol
The headspace system enabled the
was very significant, making up the
method to be set up and run
large majority of the total solvents
unattended with no sample
identified. The cookie wrapper also
preparation. This eliminated the
had a lower level of interferences
need for mason jars and operator
from outside sources.
attention. In addition, the system
The shopping bag (purple) had
approximately 0.32 mg/m2 of total
solvent material (of the six solvents
tested) – This represented a very
good response of all six solvents. In
addition, there is a significant
amount of other materials found in
the food film. This is evident in the
chromatogram shown on. Because
of the ability of the MS to extract
only the required ion from the
component of interest, this
showed a significant amount of interference was not an issue.
sensitivity for the required
Courtesy: Miles Snow and Heidi Grecsek,
components, demonstrating the
PerkinElmer, Shelton CT USA.
ease of setup methodologies of
many types of food packaging at
many different levels.
For detail application note and
The significant response of the method parameters please contact
volatile solvent material by this marketing.india@perkinelmer.com
11
Fresh
Analysis of Drug Substances in
Headache Medicines
Acetaminophen and aspirin are the
drugs of choice used to relieve the
symptoms of common headache.
Acetaminophen, which is also called
paracetamol, is widely used as a
pain reliever (analgesic) and fever
reducer (antipyretic). Because of its
fast onset (eleven minutes after
intake), acetaminophen is very
effective. However, every year its
misuse (dose exceeding the daily
adult limit of four grams) can cause
fatal liver damage. In fact,
acetaminophen toxicity is the main
cause of acute liver failure and
accounts for most drug overdoses in
the United States. The other
common active ingredient in
12
headache medicines is acetylsalicylic
acid (aspirin), which is an analgesic,
antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
drug. Despite its usefulness, aspirin
has a harmful side effect.
For many people it can cause or
exacerbate gastrointestinal ulcers by
destroying the mucosal lining. This is
a major setback for a medicine that
is otherwise very inexpensive and
can also be used for its antiplatelet
effect to prevent heart attack and
stroke. In formulations specially
designed to treat common
headaches (tension headache),
acetaminophen and aspirin are often
combined with caffeine. In these
VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012
formulations, caffeine not only
increases the effectiveness of the
two drugs but it also stimulates the
central nervous system and
temporarily wards off tiredness. The
hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen
combined with the risk of stomach
bleeding linked to aspirin are serious
health problems that can be
prevented by accurate label claims
and proper medical indications. That
is why in the pharmaceutical
industry, routine assay testing to
ensure the accuracy of the amount
of active ingredients is a standard
procedure and also a part of the
food and drug administration (FDA)
requirements.
Fresh Analytiacal Sciences and Laboratory Services

A PerkinElmer Flexar™ FX-15 UHPLC

system fitted with a Flexar™ FX PDA
photodiode array detector was the
platform for this experiment. The
Sports Headache
separation was achieved using a According to Western
PerkinElmer Brownlee SPP C-18, 2.7 biomedicine there are three types
µm, 100 x 2.1 mm column. The run of primary headaches, that is
time was 4.4 minutes with a back headaches that are not a result of
pressure of 4000 PSI (276 bar). another disease process. These
are migraines, cluster headaches
and tension headaches. Tension
Most headaches are fairly
headaches are the most common
harmless and the pain will
type of primary headache.
gradually ease away by itself with
With regard to athletes, muscle no further repercussions. In some
tension headaches (MTHs) tend cases however it can be
to occur during or after sports necessary and worthwhile to seek
related activities. These further diagnosis. If you have
headaches commonly involve rarely experienced headaches
referral patterns from facet joint before and find they have started
degeneration and soft tissue increasing in frequency or
PerkinElmer Flexar™ UHPLC system with
DAD detector
indurations of the cervical and intensity then you may want to
shoulder region. see your doctor.
Initially, the USP method was
implemented as it is with a
conventional C18, 100 x 4.6 mm,
5 µm particle size HPLC column with
resulting in the improvement of the Excellent method performance was
1.0 mL/min flow rate and 45 °C; all
UV absorbance up to fivefold. achieved. The linearity of the analysis
the peaks eluted within 12 minutes.
shows R-squared values of 0.9999
By using a shorter column with
or 1 and precisions values ranging
smaller particle size (PerkinElmer
from 0.58% to 0.98% RSD. Details
Brownlee SPP C18 100 x 2.1 mm,
of the method performance and
2.7 µm) at 55 °C, and by using the
results of the samples tested are
mobile phase as diluent instead of
presented in the following table.
the mixture of methanol and glacial
acetic acid (95:5) called for by the
USP method, the pressure stabilized
at about 4000 PSI and the run time Conventional C18 analysis of standard
was dramatically reduced from 12
minutes to 4.4 minutes. Moreover,
the resolution and sensitivity were
significantly improved. Prior to
running the sample, from one
The detail sample preparation and
injection of the standard, the
standardization is available in the
maximum wavelength for each peak
application note from PerkinElmer.
was determined and the wavelength Peaks of drug substances in generic Please log on to www.perkinelmer.in
recording setting was optimized, headache medicine

13
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14
With easier and faster DSA™
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VOLUME 38 • Monsoon Edition, 2012
the speed and simplicity of the DSA™
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PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Tel: +91-22-3326 1700, Fax: +91-22-3326 1790, +91-22-3326 1791
Email: marketing.india@perkinelmer.com
www.perkinelmer.in
15
 WITH YOU
EVERY STEP
OF THE WAY

At PerkinElmer, we design, manufacture and deliver advanced technology solutions. From helping you choose the right instrument
to providing you quality services and consumables, we are there with you to be your partner in analytics.

Now, A DEDICATED CONSUMABLES TEAM is at your service for

timely delivery of quality consumables.

East Zone West Zone

Lipi Ghosh Esha Lamba
Cell: +91-90519 43332 Cell: +91-88792 50607
E-mail: lipi.ghosh@perkinelmer.com E-mail: esha.lamba@perkinelmer.com

North Zone South Zone

Surendra Singh Deepali Magadum
Cell: +91-88782 22104 Cell: +91-88792 50617
E-mail: surendra.singh@perkinelmer.com E-mail: deepali.magadum@perkinelmer.com

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.

G-Corp Tech Park, 8th Floor, Near Hypercity Mall, Ghodbunder Road,
Kasarvadavali, Thane (West) – 400 607. India.
Tel: +91-22-3326 1700, Fax: +91-22-3326 1790, +91-22-3326 1791
Email: marketing.india@perkinelmer.com
www.perkinelmer.in