24

24
1. Which of the following enzymes is used to search for CpG islands?

A. E

coRI
B. H

indIII
C. HpaII

D. PvuI

E. B
amHI

2. Which of the following processes was used to locate the gene responsible for Huntington
disease?

A. s hot-gun cloning

B. p

ositional cloning
C. genome sequencing

D. SAGE

E. p roteomics

3. Which of the following was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced?

A. h

erpes simplex virus
B. E

. coli phage phi X174
C. Haemophilus influenzae Rd

D. Methanococcus jannaschii

E. S
accharomyces cerevisiae

4. Which of the following free living organisms has the smallest genome, containing about only 470
genes?

A. H

aemophilus influenzae Rd
B. M

ycoplasma genitalium
C. Methanococcus jannaschii

D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

E. C
aenorhabditis elegans

5. One of the first steps in the Clone-by-Clone strategy is to map the genome using chromosomal
markers. Which of the following is not a marker used to map a genome?

A. Y

ACs
B. R

FLPs
C. VNTRs

D. STSs

E. E
STs

6. Which of the following is not a finding from analysis of the complete DNA sequence of human
chromosome 22?

A. I t contains 679 annotated genes.

B. I t contains local and long range duplications.

C. It contains orthologs to the mouse chromosome.

D. It contains very little noncoding DNA.

E. I t contains "poison regions" or gaps that may never get sequenced.

7. The estimated total number of genes in the human genome is

A. 1

0,000–15,000.
B. 2

0,000–25,000.
C. 40,000–50,000.

D. 50,000–75,000.

E. 1
00,000–130,000.

8. Which of the following types of genetic markers tend to bunch together at the ends of
chromosomes?

A. V

NTRs
B. a

class of STSs called microsatellites
C. STSs

D. RFLPs

E. n
one of the above

9. The working draft of the human genome reported that the genome contains approximately how
many genes?

A. l ess than 1,000

B. 2

,000
C. 5,000

D. 10,000

E. 2 0,000

10. Comparison of the genomes of humans and our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, has
identified a few DNA regions that have changed rapidly since the two species diverged. Which
statement below accurately depicts the thing that sets humans apart from chimpanzees.

A. t he few regions that have rapidly changed are all protein-encoding genes

B. h

umans have been found to have many more genes than chimpanzees
C. chimpanzees have been found to have many more non-coding regions in their genome

D. the control of the genes, rather than the genes themselves are what sets humans apart from

chimpanzees
E. a ll of the above

11. The fact that the genomes of two different individuals will produce fragments of different lengths
when cut with restriction enzymes is called____________.
________________________________________

12. A gene's coding region between the start and stop codons is referred to as a(n) ___________.
________________________________________

13. Using RFLP geneticists were able to map the gene for Huntington disease to a region near the
end of human chromosome ________.
________________________________________

14. The process by which a library of clones with different size inserts is first DNA sequenced and
then a computer is used to piece the DNA sequences together is called________.
________________________________________

15. _________ are homologous genes that have evolved from gene duplication within a species.
________________________________________

16. In 2010, Venter and colleagues introduced an entirely synthetic M.mycoides genome into
M.capricolum cells. The success of this experiment ushered in a new era of ?
________________________________________

17. The number of genes in the human genome appears to be a lot less than expected. One way for
a cell to express multiple proteins from one gene is by_________________.
________________________________________

18. An _____________ is a sequence of bases that, if translated in one reading frame, contains no
stop codons for a relatively long distance.
________________________________________

19. Geneticists have discovered a class of STSs called ____________ that are highly polymorphic and
useful as genetic markers in genetic mapping.
________________________________________

20. BAC vectors are based on the E. coli F plasmid, which is normally used by the bacteria for
________________.
________________________________________

21. The control regions of actively transcribed genes usually contain methylated CpG islands.
True False

22. Huntington disease is controlled by a single gene having a mutated dominant allele.
True False

23. BAC cloning vectors are much more useful than the pUC cloning vectors for genome sequencing
because they can accept larger DNA fragments.
True False

24. Positional cloning begins with mapping studies to pin down the location of the gene of interest to
a reasonable small region of DNA.
True False

25. In the context of genetic mapping, mapping depends on a set of landmarks to which the position
of a gene can be related. Sometimes the landmarks are genes but more often they are RFLPs.
True False

26. Transposons don't appear to have played a role in the evolution of the human genome.
True False

27. Genome size is a good indication of the number of genes it contains, the larger the genome the
greater the number of genes.
True False

28. Using M. genitalium, Ventor and colleagues have shown that the essential gene set for life is the
same size as the minimal genome to sustain a cell.
True False

29. A gene-finding technique exists that takes advantage of the fact that control regions of active
human genes tend to be associated with unmethylated CpG sequences, compared to the CpGs
in inactive regions that are almost always methylated.
True False

30. Radiation hybrid mapping involves irradiation of human cells to break the chromosomes, then
fusion of the dead cells with hamster cells to form hybrid cells. The further apart two markers are
on a chromosome the more likely they will be found in two different hybrids.
True False

24 Key

1. Which of the following enzymes is used to search for CpG islands?

A. EcoRI

B. HindIII

C. HpaII

D. PvuI

E. BamHI

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 24.01
Weaver - Chapter 24 #1

2. Which of the following processes was used to locate the gene responsible for Huntington
disease?

A. shot-gun cloning

B. positional cloning

C. genome sequencing

D. SAGE

E. proteomics


Section: 24.01

3. Which of the following was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced?

A. herpes simplex virus

B. E. coli phage phi X174

C. Haemophilus influenzae Rd

D. Methanococcus jannaschii

E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae


Section: 24.02

4. Which of the following free living organisms has the smallest genome, containing about only
470 genes?

A. Haemophilus influenzae Rd

B. Mycoplasma genitalium

C. Methanococcus jannaschii

D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

E. Caenorhabditis elegans


Section: 24.02

5. One of the first steps in the Clone-by-Clone strategy is to map the genome using
chromosomal markers. Which of the following is not a marker used to map a genome?

A. YACs

B. RFLPs

C. VNTRs

D. STSs

E. ESTs

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 24.02

6. Which of the following is not a finding from analysis of the complete DNA sequence of human
chromosome 22?

A. It contains 679 annotated genes.

B. It contains local and long range duplications.

C. It contains orthologs to the mouse chromosome.

D. It contains very little noncoding DNA.

E. It contains "poison regions" or gaps that may never get sequenced.


Section: 24.02

7. The estimated total number of genes in the human genome is

A. 10,000–15,000.

B. 20,000–25,000.

C. 40,000–50,000.

D. 50,000–75,000.

E. 100,000–130,000.


Section: 24.02

8. Which of the following types of genetic markers tend to bunch together at the ends of
chromosomes?

A. VNTRs

B. a class of STSs called microsatellites

C. STSs

D. RFLPs

E. none of the above


Section: 24.02

9. The working draft of the human genome reported that the genome contains approximately
how many genes?

A. less than 1,000

B. 2,000

C. 5,000

D. 10,000

E. 20,000


Section: 24.02

10. Comparison of the genomes of humans and our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, has
identified a few DNA regions that have changed rapidly since the two species diverged. Which
statement below accurately depicts the thing that sets humans apart from chimpanzees.

A. the few regions that have rapidly changed are all protein-encoding genes

B. humans have been found to have many more genes than chimpanzees

C. chimpanzees have been found to have many more non-coding regions in their genome

D. the control of the genes, rather than the genes themselves are what sets humans apart

from chimpanzees
E. all of the above


Section: 24.02

11. The fact that the genomes of two different individuals will produce fragments of different
lengths when cut with restriction enzymes is called____________.
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Section: 24.01

12. A gene's coding region between the start and stop codons is referred to as a(n) ___________.
open reading frame

Section: 24.01

13. Using RFLP geneticists were able to map the gene for Huntington disease to a region near the
end of human chromosome ________.
4

Section: 24.01

14. The process by which a library of clones with different size inserts is first DNA sequenced and
then a computer is used to piece the DNA sequences together is called________.
shot gun sequencing

Section: 24.02

15. _________ are homologous genes that have evolved from gene duplication within a species.
Paralogs

Section: 24.02

16. In 2010, Venter and colleagues introduced an entirely synthetic M.mycoides genome into
M.capricolum cells. The success of this experiment ushered in a new era of ?
synthetic biology

Section: 24.02

17. The number of genes in the human genome appears to be a lot less than expected. One way
for a cell to express multiple proteins from one gene is by_________________.
alternate splicing

Section: 24.02

18. An _____________ is a sequence of bases that, if translated in one reading frame, contains no
stop codons for a relatively long distance.
open reading frame (ORF)

Section: 24.01

19. Geneticists have discovered a class of STSs called ____________ that are highly polymorphic
and useful as genetic markers in genetic mapping.
microsatellites

Section: 24.02

20. BAC vectors are based on the E. coli F plasmid, which is normally used by the bacteria for
________________.
conjugation

Section: 24.02

21. The control regions of actively transcribed genes usually contain methylated CpG islands.
FALSE

Section: 24.01

22. Huntington disease is controlled by a single gene having a mutated dominant allele.
TRUE

Section: 24.01

23. BAC cloning vectors are much more useful than the pUC cloning vectors for genome
sequencing because they can accept larger DNA fragments.
TRUE

Section: 24.02

24. Positional cloning begins with mapping studies to pin down the location of the gene of interest
to a reasonable small region of DNA.
TRUE

Section: 24.01

25. In the context of genetic mapping, mapping depends on a set of landmarks to which the
position of a gene can be related. Sometimes the landmarks are genes but more often they
are RFLPs.
TRUE

Section: 24.01

26. Transposons don't appear to have played a role in the evolution of the human genome.
FALSE

Section: 24.02

27. Genome size is a good indication of the number of genes it contains, the larger the genome
the greater the number of genes.
FALSE

Section: 24.02

28. Using M. genitalium, Ventor and colleagues have shown that the essential gene set for life is
the same size as the minimal genome to sustain a cell.
FALSE

Section: 24.02

29. A gene-finding technique exists that takes advantage of the fact that control regions of active
human genes tend to be associated with unmethylated CpG sequences, compared to the
CpGs in inactive regions that are almost always methylated.
TRUE

Section: 24.01

30. Radiation hybrid mapping involves irradiation of human cells to break the chromosomes, then
fusion of the dead cells with hamster cells to form hybrid cells. The further apart two markers
are on a chromosome the more likely they will be found in two different hybrids.
TRUE

Section: 24.02

24 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 19
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 11
Section: 24.01 11
Section: 24.02 19
Weaver - Chapter 24 30

24

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24

1. Which of the following enzymes is used to search for CpG islands?

B. I t contains local and long range duplications.

C. It contains orthologs to the mouse chromosome.

D. It contains very little noncoding DNA.

E. I t contains "poison regions" or gaps that may never get sequenced.

7. The estimated total number of genes in the human genome is

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

B. E. coli phage phi X174

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

B. It contains local and long range duplications.

C. It contains orthologs to the mouse chromosome.

D. It contains very little noncoding DNA.

E. It contains "poison regions" or gaps that may never get sequenced.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

7. The estimated total number of genes in the human genome is

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

B. a class of STSs called microsatellites

E. none of the above

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

open reading frame

shot gun sequencing

open reading frame (ORF)

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