SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 1

Learning Objectives
vLearning Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able
to do the following:
1. Schematically sketch simple isomorphous and eutectic phase
diagrams.
2. Given a binary phase diagram, the composition of an alloy, its
temperature locate the temperatures and compositions of all
eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and congruent phase
transformations.
3. Given the composition of an iron–carbon alloy specify whether the
alloy is hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid,
• name the proeutectoid phase,
• compute the mass fractions of proeutectoid phase and pearlite,
and make a schematic diagram of the microstructure at a
temperature just below the eutectoid.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 2
 Some Definitions
Ø An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of
two or more components (elements), at least one of which is a
metal.
Ø An alloy with two components is called a binary alloy; one
with three is a ternary alloy; one with four is a quaternary alloy.
Ø The result is a material with properties different from those of
its components.
§ Components: The elements or compounds which are present in
the alloy (e.g., Al and Cu)
• Phases: The physically and chemically distinct material regions
that form (e.g., α and β).
• Microstructure: Subject to direct microscopic observation,
using optical or electron microscopes

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 3

 Some Definitions

§ A phase diagram shows what phases are present and where the
process boundaries are within the composition space.
§ Phase diagrams allows to predict phase transformations which
occur during temperature change (e.g. upon cooling).
§ Equilibrium phase diagrams represents relations between
temperature, pressure, compositions and quantities of phases at
equilibrium.
§ Binary phase diagrams are maps that represent the relationships
between temperature and the compositions and quantities of
phases at equilibrium, which influence the microstructure of an
alloy.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 4

 Solubility limit

v Solubility limit: is a maximum concentration of

solute atoms that may dissolve in the solvent to
form a solid solution.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 5

 Components and Phases
• Components:
The elements or compounds which are present in the alloy
(e.g., Al and Cu)
• Phases:
The physically and chemically distinct material regions
that form (e.g., a and b).

Aluminum- b (lighter
Copper
phase)
Alloy

a (darker
Adapted from chapter- phase)
opening photograph,
Chapter 9, Callister,
Materials Science &
Engineering: An
Introduction, 3e.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 6

 Phase Diagrams
• Indicate phases as a function of T, C, and P.
• For this course:
- binary systems: just 2 components.
- independent variables: T and C (P = 1 atm is almost always used).

Phase
Diagram
for Cu-Ni
system

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 7

 Isomorphous Binary Phase Diagram

• Phase diagram: T(ºC)

Cu-Ni system. 1600

• System is: 1500 L (liquid) Cu-Ni

-- binary phase
i.e., 2 components: 1400
us
diagram
Cu and Ni. ui d a
1300 liq
-- isomorphous L +lidus
i.e., complete so
1200 a
solubility of one
component in 1100 (FCC solid
another; a phase solution)
field extends from 1000
0 20 40 60 80 100 wt% Ni
0 to 100 wt% Ni.
Adapted from Fig. 9.3(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.3(a) is adapted from
Phase Diagrams of Binary Nickel Alloys,
P. Nash (Ed.), ASM International,
Materials Park, OH (1991).

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 8

 Phase Diagrams:
Determination of phase(s) present
• Rule 1: If we know T and Co, then we know:
-- which phase(s) is (are) present.
T(ºC)
• Examples: 1600
A(1100ºC, 60 wt% Ni): L (liquid)
1 phase: a 1500

B (1250ºC,35)
i dus Cu-Ni
u
B(1250ºC, 35 wt% Ni): 1400 liq s phase
du
2 phases: L + a s oli diagram
1300 a
L+ a
(FCC solid
1200
Adapted from Fig. 9.3(a), Callister &
solution)
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.3(a) is adapted from 1100 A(1100ºC,60)
Phase Diagrams of Binary Nickel Alloys,
P. Nash (Ed.), ASM International,
Materials Park, OH (1991). 1000
0 20 40 60 80 100 wt% Ni

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 9

 Phase Diagrams:
Determination of phase compositions
• Rule 2: If we know T and C0, then we can determine:
-- the composition of each phase. Cu-Ni
T(ºC) system
• Examples:
TA A
Consider C0 = 35 wt% Ni tie line dus
i
L (liquid) l i qu
At TA = 1320ºC: 1300
a
L +
Only Liquid (L) present B us
CL = C0 ( = 35 wt% Ni) TB sol
id
a
At TD = 1190ºC: L +a (solid)
1200 D
Only Solid (a) present TD
Ca = C0 ( = 35 wt% Ni)
20 3032 35 4043 50
At TB = 1250ºC: CL C0 Ca wt% Ni
Both a and L present Adapted from Fig. 9.3(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.3(a) is adapted from
CL = C liquidus ( = 32 wt% Ni) Phase Diagrams of Binary Nickel Alloys, P.
Nash (Ed.), ASM International, Materials
Ca = C solidus ( = 43 wt% Ni) Park, OH (1991).

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 10

 Phase Diagrams:
Determination of phase weight fractions
• Rule 3: If we know T and C0, then can determine:
-- the weight fraction of each phase. Cu-Ni
• Examples: T(ºC) system
Consider C0 = 35 wt% Ni TA A
tie line dus
i
At TA : Only Liquid (L) present 1300 L (liquid) l i qu
a
WL = 1.00, Wa = 0 B L+
us
At TD : Only Solid ( a) present TB R S sol
id
a
WL = 0, Wa = 1.00
L +a
1200 D (solid)
At TB : Both a and L present TD
S 43 35
WL = 20 3032 35 40 43 50
0.73 CL C0 Ca wt% Ni
R +S 43 32
Adapted from Fig. 9.3(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.3(a) is adapted from
R Phase Diagrams of Binary Nickel Alloys, P.
Wa = = 0.27 Nash (Ed.), ASM International, Materials
R +S Park, OH (1991).

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 11

 The Lever Rule

• Tie line – connects the phases in equilibrium with

each other – also sometimes called an isotherm
T(ºC) What fraction of each phase?
tie line
i dus Think of the tie line as a lever
1300 L (liquid) l i qu
a (teeter-totter)
B L+
us
TB sol
id
ML Ma
a
L +a
1200 (solid)
R S

20 30CL C0 40 Ca 50 R S
wt% Ni Adapted from Fig. 9.3(b),
M xS ML x R
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

ML S C C0 R C0 CL
WL W
ML M R S C CL R S C CL
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 12
 Ex: Cooling of a Cu-Ni Alloy
• Phase diagram: T(ºC) L (liquid) L: 35wt%Ni
Cu-Ni system. Cu-Ni
system
• Consider 130 0 A + a
L: 35 wt% Ni L
microstuctural a: 46 wt% Ni B
35 46
changes that 32 C
43
accompany the D
24 36 L: 32 wt% Ni
cooling of a
+a
a: 43 wt% Ni
C0 = 35 wt% Ni alloy 120 0 E
L L: 24 wt% Ni
a: 36 wt% Ni
a
(solid)

110 0
20 30 35 40 50
Adapted from Fig. 9.4, C0 wt% Ni
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 13
 Microstructure Development:​ Equilibrium Cooling

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 14

 Microstructure Development: Non-Equilibrium Cooling

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 15

 Cored vs Equilibrium Structures
• Ca changes as we solidify.
• Cu-Ni case: First a to solidify has Ca = 46 wt% Ni.
Last a to solidify has Ca = 35 wt% Ni.
• Slow rate of cooling: • Fast rate of cooling:
Equilibrium structure Cored structure
Uniform Ca:
35 wt% Ni First a to solidify:
46 wt% Ni
Last a to solidify:
< 35 wt% Ni

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 16

 Binary-Eutectic Systems
has a special composition
2 components with a min. melting T.
Cu-Ag
T(ºC) system
Ex.: Cu-Ag system 1200
• 3 single phase regions L (liquid)
(L, a, b) 1000
• Limited solubility: a L + a 779ºC L+b b
T 800
a: mostly Cu E 8.0 71.9 91.2
b: mostly Ag 600
• TE : No liquid below TE a+b
• CE : Composition at 400
temperature TE 200
0 20 40 60 CE 80 100
• Eutectic reaction C, wt% Ag
L(CE) a(CaE) + b(CbE) Adapted from Fig. 9.7,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
cooling
L(71.9 wt% Ag) (8.0 wt% Ag) (91.2 wt% Ag)
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram heating 17
 EX 1: Pb-Sn Eutectic System
• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 150ºC, determine:
-- the phases present Pb-Sn
Answer: a + b T(ºC) system
-- the phase compositions
Answer: Ca = 11 wt% Sn 300
L (liquid)
Cb = 99 wt% Sn
-- the relative amount a L+ a
200 183ºC L+b b
of each phase 18.3 61.9 97.8
Answer: 150
S Cb - C0 R S
W = = 100
a R+S Cb - Ca a+b
99 - 40 59
= = = 0.67
99 - 11 88 0 11 20 40 60 80 99100
C0 - Ca Ca C0 Cb
Wb = R = C, wt% Sn
R+S Cb - Ca Adapted from Fig. 9.8,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
40 - 11 29
= = = 0.33
99 - 11
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 88 18
 EX 2: Pb-Sn Eutectic System
• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 220ºC, determine:
-- the phases present: Pb-Sn
Answer: a + L T(ºC) system
-- the phase compositions
Answer: Ca = 17 wt% Sn 300
L (liquid)
CL = 46 wt% Sn L+a
-- the relative amount 220 a
200 R S L+b b
of each phase 183ºC
Answer:
CL - C0 100
Wa = =
46 - 40 a+b
CL - Ca 46 - 17
6 17 20 100
= 0 40 46 60 80
= 0.21 Ca C0 CL
29 C, wt% Sn
Adapted from Fig. 9.8,
C0 - Ca 23 Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
WL = C - C = 29 = 0.79
L a
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 19
 Microstructural Developments
in Eutectic Systems I

• For alloys for which T(ºC) L: C0 wt% Sn

400
C0 < 2 wt% Sn L
• Result: at room temperature a
300 L
-- polycrystalline with grains of
a phase having L+ a
a
composition C0 200 (Pb-Sn
TE a: C0 wt% Sn
System)

100
a+ b

0 10 20 30
Adapted from Fig. 9.11, C0 C , wt% Sn
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 2
(room T solubility limit)

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 20

 Microstructural Developments
in Eutectic Systems II
L: C0 wt% Sn
• For alloys for which T(ºC)
400
2 wt% Sn < C0 < 18.3 wt% Sn L
• Result: L
at temperatures in a + b range 300 a
L+a
-- polycrystalline with a grains a: C0 wt% Sn
and small b-phase particles 200 a
TE
a
b
100
a+ b Pb-Sn
system
Adapted from Fig. 9.12, 0 10 20 30
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 2 C0 C, wt% Sn
(sol. limit at T room ) 18.3
(sol. limit at TE)
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 21
 Microstructural Developments
in Eutectic Systems III
• For alloy of composition C0 = CE
• Result: Eutectic microstructure (lamellar structure)
-- alternating layers (lamellae) of a and b phases.
Micrograph of Pb-Sn
T(ºC) eutectic
L: C0 wt% Sn microstructure
300 L
Pb-Sn
L+a
system
200
a 183ºC L+b b
TE

100 160 µm
a+b b: 97.8 wt% Sn
Adapted from Fig. 9.14,
a: 18.3 wt%Sn Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

0 20 40 60 80 100
18.3 CE 97.8
Adapted from Fig. 9.13, 61.9 C, wt% Sn
Callister
SDM: Chapter IV:& Phase
Rethwisch 8e.
Diagram 22
 Lamellar Eutectic Structure

Adapted from Figs. 9.14 & 9.15, Callister

& Rethwisch 8e.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 23

 Microstructural Developments in Eutectic Systems IV

• For alloys for which 18.3 wt% Sn < C0 < 61.9 wt% Sn
• Result: a phase particles and a eutectic microconstituent

• Just above TE :
T(ºC) L: C0 wt% Sn a L Ca = 18.3 wt% Sn
L
CL = 61.9 wt% Sn
300 L a
Pb-Sn S
L+ a Wa = = 0.50
system R+S
200
a R S L+b b WL = (1- Wa) = 0.50
TE R S
• Just below TE :
100 a+ b Ca = 18.3 wt% Sn
primary a Cb = 97.8 wt% Sn
eutectic a
eutectic b Wa = S = 0.73
0 20 40 60 80 100 R+S
18.3 61.9 97.8 Wb = 0.27
Adapted from Fig. 9.16,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. C, wt% Sn
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 24
 Hypoeutectic & Hypereutectic

300
L
Adapted from Fig. 9.8, T(ºC)
a L+ a
L+b b
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Fig. 10.8 adapted from 200
TE
(Pb-Sn
Binary Phase Diagrams,
2nd ed., Vol. 3, T.B. a+b System)
Massalski (Editor-in-Chief), 100
ASM International,
Materials Park, OH, 1990.)

0 20 40 60 80 100 C, wt% Sn
eutectic
hypoeutectic: C0 = 50 wt% Sn 61.9 hypereutectic: (illustration only)
(Figs. 9.14 and 9.17
from Metals
eutectic: C0 = 61.9 wt% Sn
Handbook, 9th ed.,
Vol. 9,
a b
Metallography and a b
Microstructures, a a b b
American Society for a b
Metals, Materials
Park, OH, 1985.) a b
175 µm 160 µm
Adapted from eutectic micro-constituent Adapted from Fig. 9.17,
Fig. 9.17, Callister & Adapted from Fig. 9.14, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Rethwisch 8e. Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Illustration only)
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 25
 Phase diagram of aluminum alloy silicon
Al-7 wt. % Si, at
Temp. 635 ˚C

Ø Eutectic reaction, which

takes place at approximately
12.6 wt.% Si at a
temperature of 577 °C.

Ø Less than 12.6 wt.% Si is

hypoeutectic,

Ø More than 12.6 wt.% Si is

hypereutectic.
Binary Al-Si phase diagram

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 26

 Microstructural of hypoeutectic

Al-Si 7 wt. %
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 27
 Showing the grain size of Al 5052

Microstructure grain of Al 5052

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 28
 Intermetallic Compounds

Adapted from
Fig. 9.20, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.

Mg2Pb

Note: intermetallic compound exists as a line on the diagram - not an

area - because of stoichiometry (i.e. composition of a compound
is a fixed
SDM: Chapter value).
IV: Phase Diagram 29
 Eutectic, Eutectoid, & Peritectic

• Eutectic - liquid transforms to two solid phases

cool
L a+b (For Pb-Sn, 183ºC, 61.9 wt% Sn)
heat

• Eutectoid – one solid phase transforms to two other

solid phases
intermetallic compound
S2 S1+S3 - cementite

g cool a + Fe3C (For Fe-C, 727ºC, 0.76 wt% C)

heat

• Peritectic - liquid and one solid phase transform to a

second solid phase
S1 + L S2
cool
d +L heat g (For Fe-C, 1493ºC, 0.16 wt% C)

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 30

 Eutectoid & Peritectic
Peritectic transformation g + L d
Cu-Zn Phase diagram

Adapted from Fig. 9.21,

Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Eutectoid transformation d g+e

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 31

 Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) Phase Diagram

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 32

 Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) Phase Diagram

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 33

 Phase in Fe-C system

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 34

 Steel Microstructure

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 35

 Iron-Carbon Alloy: eutectoid Composition

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 36

 Iron-Carbon Alloy: Hypo-eutectoid Composition

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 37

 Iron-Carbon Alloy: Hyper-eutectoid
Composition

Hyper-eutectoid composition:
0.76- 2.14 wt% C
(more than eutectoid)

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 38

 Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) Phase Diagram

• 2 important T(ºC)
1600
points d
- Eutectic (A): 1400 L
L Þ g + Fe3C g g +L
1200 1148ºC
A L+Fe3C
- Eutectoid (B): (austenite)

Fe 3C (cementite)
g Þ a +Fe3C 1000 g g
a+ g g g +Fe3C
800
a B 727ºC = T eutectoid
g

600
a+Fe3C
400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
(Fe) 0.76 4.30 C, wt% C
120 µm
Result: Pearlite = Fe3C (cementite-hard)
alternating layers of
a and Fe3C phases a (ferrite-soft)
(Adapted from Fig. 9.27, Adapted from Fig. 9.24,
SDM:Callister
Chapter&IV:
Rethwisch 8e.)
Phase Diagram Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 39
 Hypoeutectoid Steel
T(ºC)
1600
d
1400 L
g g (Fe-C
g g +L
g g 1200 1148ºC L+Fe3C System)

Fe 3C (cementite)
(austenite)
g g 1000
g g g + Fe3C Adapted from Figs. 9.24
and 9.29,Callister &
a Rethwisch 8e.
ag g 800 727ºC (Fig. 9.24 adapted from
g ag a Binary Alloy Phase
Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol.
600
a + Fe3C 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-in-
Chief), ASM International,
Materials Park, OH,
400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 1990.)
a (Fe)C0 C, wt% C
0.76

pearlite

100 µm Hypoeutectoid
steel

pearlite proeutectoid ferrite

Adapted from Fig. 9.30, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 40
 Hypoeutectoid Steel
T(ºC)
1600
d
1400 L
(Fe-C
g g +L
a System)
ag g 1200 1148ºC L+Fe3C

Fe 3C (cementite)
(austenite)
g ag
1000
g + Fe3C Adapted from Figs. 9.24
Wa = s/(r + s) and 9.29,Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.
Wg =(1 - Wa) 800 r s 727ºC (Fig. 9.24 adapted from

aRS Binary Alloy Phase

Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol.
600
a a + Fe3C 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-in-
Chief), ASM International,
pearlite Materials Park, OH,
400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 1990.)
(Fe)C0 C, wt% C
0.76

Wpearlite = Wg
Wa’ = S/(R + S) 100 µm Hypoeutectoid
steel
WFe3C =(1 – Wa’)
pearlite proeutectoid ferrite
Adapted from Fig. 9.30, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 41
 Hypereutectoid Steel
T(ºC)
1600
d
1400 L (Fe-C
g g +L System)
g g
g 1200 L+Fe3C
g 1148ºC

Fe 3C (cementite)
(austenite)
g g 1000
g g g +Fe3C Adapted from Figs. 9.24
and 9.32,Callister &
Fe3C Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.24
g g 800 adapted from Binary Alloy
g g a Phase Diagrams, 2nd
ed., Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski
600
a +Fe3C (Ed.-in-Chief), ASM
International, Materials
Park, OH, 1990.)
400
0 1 C0 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
0.76

(Fe) C, wt%C
pearlite

60 µmHypereutectoid
steel
pearlite proeutectoid Fe3C
Adapted from Fig. 9.33, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 42
 Hypereutectoid Steel
T(ºC)
1600
d
1400 L (Fe-C
g +L System)
Fe3C g
1200 L+Fe3C
g g 1148ºC

Fe 3C (cementite)
(austenite)
g g 1000
g +Fe3C Adapted from Figs. 9.24
and 9.32,Callister &
Wg =x/(v + x)
800 v x Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.24
WFe3C =(1-Wg) adapted from Binary Alloy

a V X
Phase Diagrams, 2nd
ed., Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski
600
a +Fe3C (Ed.-in-Chief), ASM
pearlite International, Materials
Park, OH, 1990.)
400
0 1 C0 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
0.76

(Fe) C, wt%C
Wpearlite = Wg
Wa = X/(V + X)
60 µmHypereutectoid
WFe3C’ =(1 - Wa) steel
pearlite proeutectoid Fe3C
Adapted from Fig. 9.33, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 43
 Example Problem

For a 99.6 wt% Fe-0.40 wt% C steel at a

temperature just below the eutectoid,
determine the following:
a) The compositions of Fe3C and ferrite (a).
b) The amount of cementite (in grams) that
forms in 100 g of steel.
c) The amounts of pearlite and proeutectoid
ferrite (a) in the 100 g.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 44

 Solution to Example Problem
a) Using the RS tie line just below the eutectoid
Ca = 0.022 wt% C
CFe3C = 6.70 wt% C

b) Using the lever rule with 1600

the tie line shown d
1400 L
R C0 C T(ºC)
WFe 3C g g +L

Fe 3C (cementite)
R S CFe 3C C 1200 1148ºC L+Fe3C
(austenite)
0.40 0.022 1000
0.057 g + Fe3C
6.70 0.022
800 727ºC
R S
Amount of Fe3C in 100 g 600 a + Fe3C
= (100 g)WFe3C 400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
Ca C0 C, wt% C CFe3C
= (100 g)(0.057) = 5.7 g
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 45
 Solution to Example Problem (cont.)
c) Using the VX tie line just above the eutectoid and
realizing that
C0 = 0.40 wt% C
Ca = 0.022 wt% C
Cpearlite = Cg = 0.76 wt% C
1600
d
1400 L
V C0 C T(ºC)
Wpearlite g g +L

Fe 3C (cementite)
V X C C 1200
(austenite)
1148ºC L+Fe3C

0.40 0.022 1000

0.512 g + Fe3C
0.76 0.022
800 727ºC
VX
Amount of pearlite in 100 g 600 a + Fe3C
= (100 g)Wpearlite 400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
Ca C0 Cg C, wt% C
= (100 g)(0.512) = 51.2 g
SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 46
 Summary

• Phase diagrams are useful tools to determine:

-- the number and types of phases present,
-- the composition of each phase,
-- and the weight fraction of each phase
given the temperature and composition of the system.
• The microstructure of an alloy depends on
-- its composition, and
-- whether or not cooling rate allows for maintenance of
equilibrium.
• Important phase diagram phase transformations include
eutectic, eutectoid, and peritectic.

SDM: Chapter IV: Phase Diagram 47