Steeline X-Span Purlins: Design Manual

Steeline
X-SPAN® purlins
DESIGN MANUAL
y y
R5
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Origin
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steeline.com.au E
Steeline X-SPAN® Purlins - Design Manual
CONTENTS DISCLAIMER
IMPORTANT NOTES ..................................................... 1-1 This manual has been prepared for X-SPAN® purlins
manufactured by Steeline and is intended to be an aid for
DISCLAIMER .................................................................. 1-1 building professionals. It is not a substitute for professional
INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1-2 advice. We recommend that specialist advice be sought
to confirm the suitability of the products for the proposed
HOW TO USE THE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY
application.
TABLES .................................................................. 1-2
X-SPAN® purlins DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES ......... 1-2
HOLES AND CLEATS ...................................................... 1-7
BRIDGING CONFIGURATIONS ........................................ 1-9
ORDER FORM – BRIDGING ............................................ 1-11
ORDER FORM – STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins .................. 1-12
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR CAPACITY TABLES ............... 1-13
STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES
SINGLE SPANS .......................................................... 2-1
DOUBLE SPANS ........................................................ 3-1
2 LAPPED SPANS ...................................................... 4-1
5 LAPPED SPANs ...................................................... 5-1
IMPORTANT NOTES
This Design Guide has been prepared for X-SPAN® purlins
manufactured by Steeline.
X-SPAN® purlins are roll-formed from GALVASPAN®

high strength zinc coated steel with strictly controlled
dimensions and tolerances.
The dimensions of X-SPAN® purlins are slightly different

from the standard range of C and Z purlins and generally
have higher design capacities.
The design capacity tables in this manual have been

calculated using the limit state design principles in
accordance with Australian Standard AS4600-2005. The
software used was developed University of Sydney, Centre
for Advanced Structural Engineering.
X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-1

1.2, 1.5500
500 ,
INTRODUCTION Table 1 – Nominal Sizes of XC and XZ, X-Span Purlins
X-SPAN® purlins are available in Z or C cross sections, with
Nominal purlin Available in thicknesses - BMT
heights of 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350mm. and thicknesses
height (mm) (mm)
of 1.2, 1.5, 1.9, 2.4 and 3.0mm (BMT). This design manual
has been prepared to assist our customers to develop 150
1.2, 1.5, 1.9 and 2.4
economic design solutions for their projects. 200
250 1.5, 1.9 and 2.4
Steeline also manufactures or stocks accessories such as 300 1.9, 2.4 and 3.0
bolted and boltless bridging systems, brackets, cleats, and 350 2.4 and 3.00
fasteners that can be used with the X-SPAN® purlins.
The C Sections have equally sized top and bottom flanges
HOW TO USE THE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN and are suitable for simply supported spans and continuous
CAPACITY TABLES spans. Continuous spans have less deflection than single
The design capacity tables have been prepared using spans. C Sections cannot be lapped.
uniformly distributed loads. The tables have been prepared
for inwards and outwards loads with no bridging and with The Z Sections are manufactured with one broad flange
1, 2 or 3 bridgings. Inwards loads are towards the roof and and one narrow flange so that they can be lapped.
outward loads are way from the roof (uplift). To use the Lapping increases the thickness of the metal over the
tables, loads have to be converted to uniformly distributed interior supports resulting in higher load capacities in the
loads. lapped joints. Z Sections of the same depth and different
thicknesses can be lapped in any required configuration.
Loads which give deflections of Span/150 are also given Z Sections can also be used for single and continuous
in the capacity tables. To obtain deflections for other loads spans without laps.
linear proportioning may be used.
Material
X-SPAN® purlins DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES X-SPAN® purlins are roll-formed from GALVASPAN® high-
Table 1 lists the X-SPAN® purlins sizes available. All sizes strength zinc coated steel. The strength of steel varies with
are available with prepunched holes and with a full range the base material thickness (BMT). Table 2 indicates purlin
of accessories including bridging, brackets, bolts, nuts thickness and the strength of steel.
and washers. Purlins without pre-punched holes are also
available by contacting Steeline. Table 2 – Material Strength and Coating Mass
Purlin Min. yield Min. Ultimate Z350 Min.

thickness stress tensile strength total coating
(mm) (MPa) (MPa) mass (g/m2)
1.2 500 520
1.5
1.9 350
450 480
2.4
3.0

Corrosion Protection Figure 2 – X-SPAN® purlins XZ Section

X-SPAN® purlins are manufactured from GALVASPAN®
steel and are covered by BlueScope warranty.
Refer to www.bluescopesteel.com for warranty details. F
y y
GALVASPAN® steel is supplied with a Z350 Coating Mass, L
which has a minimum coating mass of 350 g/m2 (total R5

D
both surfaces). This provides a long and trouble free t –
2
Origin
service life without having to provide additional protection x
for normal non-aggressive environments. x x D

x –y
For severe corrosive environments please consult Steeline

for advice.
L
Cross Section Properties y

y
The cross section properties of the X-SPAN® purlins are
E
given in tables 3 to 5.
Figure 1 – X-SPAN® purlins XC Section Figure 2A – X-SPAN® purlins XZ Section details
y
–x
y y
L
Origin R5
Shear Origin –x
Centre of Gravity
Centre –y
x D
x
x
x x
D
t –
2
Centre of Gravity
x
L
yo Shear Centre
y
B
xo xo
Note: x, y axes coincide with

x , y axes (respectively) y y

Table 3 – X-SPAN® purlins Section Dimensions and Weight
Table 4 – XZ Sections - Full Section Properties

Table 5 – XC Sections - Full Section Properties
Delivery Lengths Accessories

For normal deliveries the maximum lengths are up A full range of accessories is available from Steeline.
to 12 metres. For lengths greater than 12 metres the Accessories such as bridging, purlins bolts, cleats,
transportation hours are restricted by law and require brackets, etc. are available. Figure 3 shows some of the
special transportation permits. These could vary from accessories available.
state to state. Suitable transportation and on-site handling
facilities are required for delivery lengths of over 12 metres. M12 and M16 purlin bolts, nuts and washers are available in
grades 4.6 (standard strength) and 8.8 (high strength).
Packing
X-SPAN® purlins are delivered in strapped bundles Boltless bridging is available to securely brace both XZ and
weighing up to 1 tonne. XC purlins. Bridging controls lateral deflection and twisting
in the purlins and also straighten the purlins prior to fixing
Accessories are delivered in bags, packages or in the cladding. Bridging is manufactured from compatible
strapped/wired bundles. material and can be loaded in tension, compression and
bending. A continuous run of bridging provides an effective
Storage stabilizer for both the wall and roof.
The purlins and accessories should not be left exposed to
the weather for a long period of time. Please contact Steeline for a comprehensive range of
accessories available.
If the purlins and accessories are not to be used
immediately, ideally they should be kept under cover
sheltered from the rain. However, if this is not possible, the
sections and accessories should be stacked neatly above
the ground. The ground should be on a slight slope which
drains the water away from the purlins.

Figure 3 – Examples of Accessories available
Purlin Bolts Adaptor Bracket

M12 Size PB1230 standard purlin bolt (grade 4.6):
(4 bolts)
M12x30mm with nut
200 - 150
Fascia Bolts
PB1230 fascia bolt (grade 4.6): 200 - 100
M12x30mm with nut 150 - 100
Purlin Bolts
M12 Size PB1230 standard purlin bolt
(grade 4.6): M16x45mm with nut
General Purpose Bracket 6 holes: 18mm diam Clamp Plate Angle Connector
Cat. NO A B C D E F Cat. NO A mm Cat. NO A mm
GPB100 14 40 14 35 50 25 AC100 90 AC100 90
GPB150 23 64 23 35 65 25 AC150 140 AC150 140
GPB200 24 110 24 35 75 25 AC200 190 AC200 190
GPB250 24 160 24 35 75 25 AC250 240 AC250 240
General Purpose Bracket Clamp Plate Angle Connector

A
A
70
B
35
70
C
F 75
E A 90
30
35 D

HOLES AND CLEATS Cleats

Holes in X-PAN® purlins The purlins are generally attached to cleats welded to
X-SPAN® purlins Z and C sections are normally supplied rafters or other structural members. The cleat dimensions
with holes punched for bolting to cleat supports, lapped are shown in table 7.
connections and at bridging points. Table 6 indicate the
hole sizes and centres for the range of C and Z sections. The hole centres in the cleats match the holes in the
purlins. The first hole from the bottom of the cleat is
positioned to leave a gap of 10mm between the purlin and
Dimensions in mm
22 the rafter.
130
75 25 80
D
Standard elongated punched hole. D
Holes equally spaced above and below centre line. C

A
Table 7 – 2 and 4 hole cleats - Nominal Dimensions
Nominal Hole Cleat

Purlin A B C Diam. Thickness
35 Size D
150 145 50 70 18 8
200 195 55 110 18 8
Table 6 – Hole sizes and centres in X-SPAN® purlins
250 245 55 160 18 8
X-Span® purlins 300 305 65 210 22 12
nominal size G D
350 355 65 260 22 12
(mm) (mm) (mm)
All dimensions are in mm. Material - Mild Steel.
150 - Vic only 70 18
150 - other states 60 18
200 110 18
250 160 18
300 210 22
350 260 22

Bridging Hole Positions

The bridging hole positions in the webs of the purlins are
shown in figures 4A to 4D.
Figure 4A – Bridging Positions – Single Spans Figure 4C – Bridging Positions – End Spans (lapped)
0.50 0.50 0.40 0.50

Single Span - 1 row of bridging End Span (lapped) - 1 row of bridging
0.35 0.30 0.35 0.34 0.26 0.40

Single Span - 2 rows of bridging End Span (lapped) - 2 rows of bridging
0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28 0.27 0.21 0.25 0.27

Single Span - 3 rows of bridging End Span (lapped) - 3 rows of bridging
Figure 4B – Bridging Positions – End Spans (unlapped) Figure 4D – Bridging Positions – Inside Spans
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

End Span - (continuous) 1 row of bridging Inside Span (lapped or unlapped) - 1 row of bridging
0.35 0.30 0.35 0.37 0.26 0.37

End Span - (continuous) - 2 rows of bridging Inside Span (lapped or unlapped) - 2 rows of bridging
0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28

End Span - (continuous) - 3 rows of bridging Inside Span (lapped or unlapped) - 3 rows of bridging

Bridging Configurations
FINISHER Bolted Starter Bolted Ridge Strut

Adjustable Fascia Bridging Bolt/Locator Bolt/Bolt
Bolt/Lock
Direction
Intermediate Bridging
Fascia Girt Hanger Locator/Lock
OPTIONAL RIDGE TIES
Adjustable
Locator/Locator
Direction of Lay
Intermediate Lock/Locator Turnbuckle

Ridge Tie
Sag Rod
Ridge Tie
Adjustable Girt Foot
Intermediate Bridging
Place locator end through
purlin holes as per Diagram 1.
Snap the next piece of bridging
into place by pushing the lock
into the locator.
Diagram 1. Diagram 2.

Ordering
To place orders for purlins and accessories please contact
your nearest Steeline store.
Alternatively, use the order forms provided on the following

two pages of this manual.

ORDER FORM – BRIDGING
Client Job No.
Project Sheet No. of
DRN CH’D Date
HAVE YOU DEDUCTED 2mm FROM CLEAT CENTRES? Yes No
Bolted Starter Intermediate Bolted Finisher

(BOLT/LOCATOR) 003 (LOCK/LOCATOR) 001 (BOLT/LOCK) 004
No. O/All Mark Centre No. O/All Mark Centre No. O/All Mark Centre
Req’d Length Req’d Length Req’d Length
Adjustable Starter Apex Ridge Strut Adjustable Finisher

(BOLT/LOCATOR) (BOLT/BOLT) (BOLT/LOCK)
No. O/All Mark Centre Set No. O/All Mark Centre Set No. O/All Mark Centre Set
Req’d Length Angle Req’d Length Angle Req’d Length Angle

ORDER FORM – STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins
Client Date / / Sheet No.
Project
Other Delivery Sales
By Checked Holes Options Finish Date Docket Z/C
Broad PART No. LENGTH No. OFF

Flange

Flange

Flange

Flange

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR CAPACITY TABLES Cleat Connections and Bolt Specifications
The design capacity tables in this manual have been The capacity tables are for C or Z purlins fastened through
prepared in accordance with the requirements of the webs to cleats so that the load path is via the webs of
AS4600:2006 using elastic flexural-torsional buckling, the purlins. Cleats are available with 2 or 4 holes for bolting
strength and deflection design models. the sections to. The bolts specifications depend on the
purlin size. The 150, 200 and 250mm purlins generally use
Some of the assumptions made in the models are as standard M12, Grade 4.6 purlin bolts. The 300 and 350mm
follows: purlins generally use standard M16, Grade 4.6 bolts. In
• Continuity at the laps some cases where the bolts are heavily loaded, high
• Lateral deflection and twisting is prevented at the strength Grade 8.8 purlin bolts are to be used. The tables
supports and bridging points indicate where Grade 8.8 bolts are to be used.
• The cladding prevents lateral deflection of the
connecting flanges but does not provide torsional restraint
• The loads act parallel to the webs and perpendicular to
the flanges of the purlins
• The Z Sections are acting as equivalent C Sections.
Loadings
The loads in design capacity tables are uniformly
distributed loads. The design capacity tables have been
calculated with cladding attached on the top flanges.
Span Configurations
Design capacity tables are provided for the following span
configurations:
• Single spans – for both C and Z Sections
• Double spans – for C and Z Sections
• Double lapped spans – only Z Sections can be lapped.
The lap is over the inside support and the lap length is
15% of the span
• Five lapped spans – for Z Sections. The laps are over the
four internal supports. The lap lengths are 15% of the
span.
For multi-span configurations, the design capacity tables

are only valid for equal spans.
Bridging
The design capacity tables are provided for spans with 0, 1,
2 and 3 rows of bridging in each span.
Deflection
The choice of deflection limits is left up to the design
engineer. The capacity tables include the loads at which
the deflection is span/150. Deflections for other loads can
be obtained by using linear proportioning.

Figure 6 – Span Configurations for Design Capacity Tables
Single Span
Span (mm)
Purlin Length = (Span + 70) mm
2 Spans (Double Spans)

Span (mm) Span (mm)
Purlin Length = (2 x Span + 70) mm
Lap
2 Lapped Spans (Double Lapped Spans)
Span (mm) Span (mm)
Purlin Length = (Span + 70 + Lap/2) mm
Lap
5 Lapped Spans
Span (mm) Span (mm) Span (mm) Span (mm) Span (mm)
Purlin Length = (Span + 70 + Lap/2) mm Purlin Length = (Span + 70 + Lap/2) mm
Lapped Connection Butt Connection

Steeline Z sections are manufactured with one narrower Two C sections can be connected to a rafter or steel frame
flange so that two Z sections can be lapped. The capacity using a four bolt cleat. Figure 8 shows an example of a
tables for lapped spans are based on the assumption that butt joint.
the lap length is 15% of the span.
Figure 8 - C Section - Butt Joint
Figure 7 shows an example of a lapped connection using a
2-bolt cleat.
Broad Flange
Lap varies according
Figure 7 - Lapped Joint
Butt Joint to span and
section size
Narrow
Flange
Broad Flange
Four Bolt Narrow Lap varies according 2 Bolt Cleat
Butt Joint to span and
Cleat Flange
section size
Narrow
RafterFlange
Rafter Bolt in web or steel
or steel Narrow and flange at frame
2 Bolt Cleat
Four Bolt
frame Cleat Broad Flange
Flange end of lap
Rafter
Rafter Bolt in web or steel
or steel and flange at frame
frame Broad Flange end of lap

STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES – SINGLE SPANS
Span (mm)
NOTES: 1. Interpolation is permitted for intermediate spans.

2. Design loads are for purlins supported by cleats using 2 bolts per cleat.
3. Loads shown in BOLD require M12, G8.8 bolts for purlin sizes 150 to 250mm and M16,
G8.8 bolts for sizes 300 and 350mm.

Span (mm)


Span (mm)


Span (mm)


Span (mm)


Span (mm)


Span (mm)


Span (mm)


STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES – DOUBLE SPANS
Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES – double SPANS
Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


Span (mm) Span (mm)


STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES – 2 LAPPED SPANS

Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)



Lap
Span (mm) Span (mm)


STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES – 5 LAPPED SPANs

Lap



Lap



Lap



Lap



Lap

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. G8.8 bolts for sizes 300 and 350mm.
5-5

Lap



Lap



Lap


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Steeline

X-SPAN® purlins are roll-formed from GALVASPAN®

The dimensions of X-SPAN® purlins are slightly different

The design capacity tables in this manual have been

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-1

Purlin Min. yield Min. Ultimate Z350 Min.

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-2

Corrosion Protection Figure 2 – X-SPAN® purlins XZ Section

GALVASPAN® steel is supplied with a Z350 Coating Mass, L

which has a minimum coating mass of 350 g/m2 (total R5

for normal non-aggressive environments. x x D

For severe corrosive environments please consult Steeline

Cross Section Properties y

Figure 1 – X-SPAN® purlins XC Section Figure 2A – X-SPAN® purlins XZ Section details

Note: x, y axes coincide with

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-3

Table 3 – X-SPAN® purlins Section Dimensions and Weight

Table 4 – XZ Sections - Full Section Properties

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-4

Table 5 – XC Sections - Full Section Properties

Delivery Lengths Accessories

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-5

Figure 3 – Examples of Accessories available

Purlin Bolts Adaptor Bracket

General Purpose Bracket Clamp Plate Angle Connector

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-6

HOLES AND CLEATS Cleats

Standard elongated punched hole. D

Holes equally spaced above and below centre line. C

Table 7 – 2 and 4 hole cleats - Nominal Dimensions

Nominal Hole Cleat

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-7

Bridging Hole Positions

0.50 0.50 0.40 0.50

0.35 0.30 0.35 0.34 0.26 0.40

0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28 0.27 0.21 0.25 0.27

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

0.35 0.30 0.35 0.37 0.26 0.37

0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.28

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-8

FINISHER Bolted Starter Bolted Ridge Strut

Intermediate Lock/Locator Turnbuckle

Adjustable Girt Foot

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-9

Alternatively, use the order forms provided on the following

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-10

ORDER FORM – BRIDGING

Client Job No.

Project Sheet No. of

DRN CH’D Date

HAVE YOU DEDUCTED 2mm FROM CLEAT CENTRES? Yes No

Bolted Starter Intermediate Bolted Finisher

Adjustable Starter Apex Ridge Strut Adjustable Finisher

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-11

ORDER FORM – STEELINE X-SPAN® purlins

Client Date / / Sheet No.

Broad PART No. LENGTH No. OFF

Broad PART No. LENGTH No. OFF

Broad PART No. LENGTH No. OFF

Broad PART No. LENGTH No. OFF

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-12

For multi-span configurations, the design capacity tables

X-SPAN® is a registered trademark of Steeline Members Pty Ltd. 1-13