E0 219 - Linear Algebra Test II

Course Instructor : Prof. R. Vittal Rao

Date : October 12, 2010 Duration : 90 min Maximum Marks : 35
Name of the student :
Department : SR No :

Instructions: The test will be evaluated ONLY based on what is written on the question paper. Write
all your FINAL answers in the question paper and submit it at the end of the test. Please ensure you have
all the 10 pages (back-to-back) of the question paper. The test is divided into 4 sections - ‘Multiple Choice
Questions’, ‘True or False’ type questions, ‘Fill in The Blanks’ and ‘Questions for Detailed Working’. All
questions are compulsory. For the first three sections, please provide the final answer ONLY. For the last
section, final answers along with proper justification need to be provided. Please use rough sheets for any
calculations. Please DO NOT submit the rough sheets.

Assume standard data whenever you feel that the given data is insufficient. However, please do quote
your assumptions explicitly.

I Multiple Choice Questions

Note: 1 12 marks for the correct answer, − 12 for a wrong answer and 0 marks for not at-
tempted. Only one answer is correct. Please write the choice code a, b, c or d in the answer
box provided.

1. Let W be a subspace of a vector space V and S be a l.d. set in W . Which of the

following statements is FALSE?

(a) If S1 is a subset of V s.t. S1 ⊇ S, then S1 must be l.d.

(b) If x ∈ V and x ∈
/ W , then S ∪ {x} is l.d.
(c) There exists a subset S1 ( S s.t. S1 is l.i.
(d) Every nonempty subset of S is l.d.

Ans:

2. Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of a f.d.v.s. V s.t. W2 ( W1 , and let B be a basis for

W2 . Which of the following statements is FALSE?

(a) B can be extended to a basis for W .

(b) B can be extended to a basis for V.
(c) We can find a subset of B which is l.d.
(d) We can find a superset of B which is l.i.

Ans:

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3. Let W1 and W2 be finite dimensional subspaces of a vector space V, with dim W1 = 8,
dim W2 = 6 and dim (W1 + W2 ) = 13. Then,

(a) W1 ∩ W2 need not be a finite dimensional subspace of V.

(b) There exists a nonzero vector u s.t. L[u] = W1 ∩ W2 .
(c) There exist u1 , u2 ∈ W1 ∩ W2 s.t. u1 , u2 is a basis for W1 ∩ W2 .
(d) Dimension of W1 ∩ W2 must be between 5 and 7.

Ans:

4. In an inner product space V, which of the following statements is TRUE?

(a) Every orthonormal set in V must be a basis for V.

(b) Every orthonormal set in V must be l.i. in V but need not necessarily be a basis
for V.
(c) Every orthonormal set in V must span V but need not necessarily be l.i.
(d) Every orthonormal set in V must be finite.

Ans:

5. If S = φ1 , φ2 , φ3 is an orthonormal set in a real inner product space V, which of the

following set of vectors is also an orthonormal set in V?

(a) S1 = φ1 + φ2 , φ2 + φ3 , φ3 + φ1
(b) S2 = φ1 + φ2 , φ1 − φ2 , φ3 − (φ1 + φ2 )
(c) S3 = √1 (φ1 + φ2 ), √1 (φ1 − φ2 ), φ3
2 2
1
(d) S= φ1 , φ2 , 3 (φ1 + φ2 + φ3 )
√

Ans:

6. If S is an orthonormal set in an inner product space V, which of the following state-

ments is TRUE?
X
(a) ||x||2 = |(x, φ)|2 , ∀x ∈ V
φ∈S
X
(b) (x, y) = (x, φ)(y, φ), ∀x, y ∈ V
φ∈S
(c) (x, φ) = 0, ∀φ ∈ S ⇒ x = θV
X
(d) |(x, φ)|2 ≤ ||x||2 , ∀x ∈ V
φ∈S

Ans:

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II True or False?
Note: 1 mark for the correct answer, −0.5 for the wrong answer and 0 marks for no attempt.

1. Let W be a subspace of a vector space V such that W ( V, and let B be a basis for
W . Then there exists a linearly independent set B1 such that

B ( B1 ⊆ V.

Ans:

2. Let F4 [λ] be the vector space of all polynomials in λ of degree less than or equal
to four (including the zero polynomial) with coefficients in F. We can find a set of
polynomials
S = p1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 , p 5
in F4 [λ] such that S is linearly independent but not a basis for F4 [λ].

Ans:

3. In the vector space R2×2 of all 2 × 2 real matrices over the field R, let

S = A1 , A2 , A3 ,

where ! ! !
1 0 1 1 −4 −8
A1 = , A2 = , A3 = .
1 0 0 0 4 0
Then !
26 −15
A= ∈ L[S].
41 0

Ans:

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III Fill in The Blanks
Note: 2 marks for a correct answer and 0 for a wrong answer or not attempted.

1. If B1 = v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 and B2 = w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 are two ordered bases for a vector space

V (over the field R) where

w1 = v1 − v2 + v3 − v4
w2 = v1 + v2 + v3 + v4
w3 = 3v1 − v2 + 3v3
w4 = 5v1 + v2 + v3 + v4

If [x]B1 and [x]B2 are the representations in R4 of x ∈ V and [x]B1 = K[x]B2 , then the
4 × 4 matrix K is given by K = .

2. On R3 , consider the inner product (x, y)3 = x1 y1 + x2 y2 + 2x3 y3 and on R5 , consider

the inner product (x, y)5 = x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 + x4 y4 + 2x5 y5 . If A ∈ R5×3 where
 
1 0 1
 0 1 1 
 
 
A=  1 1 0 

 1 1 1 
 
1 2 1

then the matrix  ∈ R3×5 such that (Ax, y)5 = (x, Ây)3 , ∀x ∈ R3 , y ∈ R5 is given by
 = .

3. If A ∈ R5×7 , b ∈ R5 (with! R5 , R7 having the usual inner products) and the “best
1
2
approximation” of b = 3 from RA (denoted by x1 ) is
4
5 !
2
3
x1 = 2
3
5

then the “best approximation” of b from NAT (denoted by x2 ) is given by

x2 = .

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IV Questions for Detailed Working
Note: There are three questions in this section. All of them are compulsory. Please write
the answers within the space provided. Extra sheets for final answers is discouraged.

1. Let F3 [λ] be the vector space of all polynomials over F, and of degree ≤ 3, (including
the zero polynomial), and let

W = {p ∈ F3 [λ] : p(λ) = a0 + a1 λ + a2 λ2 + (a0 + a1 − a2 )λ3 , a1 , a2 , a3 ∈ F}

Answer the following: (2+2+1+2)

(a) Show that W is a subspace of F3 [λ].

(b) Find a basis for W and hence find the dimension of W .
(c) Let S = {p1 , p2 } where

p1 (λ) = 1 + λ + λ2 , p2 (λ) = 1 + λ2

Then show that S is a linear independent set in W .

(d) Extend S to a basis for W .

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2. Consider the subset S of R4 , where S = {u1 , u2 , u3 } with
     
1 1 1
 0   1   0 
u1 =   , u2 =   , u1 =  .
     
 1   1   1 
0 0 1

(Use the usual inner product on R4 ).

Answer the following: (2+2)

(a) Use Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization on S to get an orthonormal basis for L[S].

(b) For the vector
 
1
 2 
x=  ∈ R4
 
 3 
4

find the “best approximation of x” in L[S].

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3. Let A ∈ Fm×n , B ∈ Fn×p and let C = AB. Prove the following:

(a) NB ⊆ NC
(b) RC ⊆ RA
(c) ρC ≤ ρA and ρC ≤ ρB .

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