JUROGAM

JUROGAM

JYFL
Department of Physics
University of Jyväskylä
Finland
• RDT- method and instrumentation
• Practical things
• Principles of tagging experiments
• Triple-shape coexistence in light Pb region
JUROGAM ~ EUROGAM 1 (Daresbury)

• 43 EUROGAM Phase 1 Ge detectors +

BGO shields
• Eff. at 1.3 MeV 4%

At JYFL:
• 39 EoC pool + 10 UK-France pool Ge
detectors
• 30 EoC shields + 15 UK-F shields

•Successor of JUROSPHERE – Eff. 1.5 %

At JYFL:
• Large variety of HI beams

• 2500 hours of beam time per year for tagging experiments

• EU – FP5 and FP6 Access support for users

• Part of the FP5-EXOTAG and FP6-INTAG projects

• Training site for young researchers and PhD students

• Local γ-RITU group: 7 seniors + 7 PhD students

• Annealing, preamp + FET repairs

• ~ 120 k€/year for running costs and equipment investments

(JYU budget)
 JUROGAM used in tagging experiments for
studies of very neutron deficient and very heavy nuclei
Recoil – Decay –Tagging (RDT) method
 RDT Instrumentation at JYFL

JURO
GREAT G AM
Focal plane
spectrometer R I TU r
as-f illed recoil separato
G
n 20-50 %
Transmissio

TDR
Total Data Readout
Triggerless data acquisition system
with 10 ns time stamping
 The GREAT Focal-Plane Spectrometer for
γ-ray, e- -, β -, p- and α- particle detection
• 2 x 60mm x 40mm DSSD (4800 pixels)
• 28 x 40mm x 40mm PIN Diodes UK
• 24 x 12 Segmented Planar Ge In
ve
• Compton-Suppressed Segmented Ge s tm
Clover en
• Position-Sensitive MWPC t
 TDR : Total Data Readout
• Triggerless Data Acquisition
System
• Rates up to 850 kHz without
deadtime
• 380 channels timestamped
data
• 10 ns resolution
• Time-of-Day clock with 32
day rollover
• Flexible + Easily Scalable

UK Investment
Event reconstruction and
analysis software package
Designed by Panu Rahkila
 Target area

KÖLN Plunger

IRES – Target chamber

Spectroscopy of very neutron deficient
and heavy nuclei
+ Can be produced via fusion evaporation with stable-ion beams and stable targets
+ Short-living alpha or proton emitters → tagging methods
- Cross-sections down to 1 nb
- Only levels near the yrast line populated
 JUROGAM Campaigns 2003-2006
Campaign 1 4/2003 – 12/2003 : 9 months 14 experiments
Campaign 2 4/2004-6/2004 10/2004-3/2005 : 9 months 13+1 experiments
Campaign 3 9/2005 – 9/2006 : 12 months 13 experiments
Expt.
Title Spokeperson(s) Expt.
Title Spokeperson(s)
No No

JR10 Proof-of-principle for recoil-beta tagging D. Jenkins

JR01 Expt.
Title Spokeperson(s)
Search for triple shape coexistence in 190
Po A.N. Andreyev No JR15 Gamma-ray spectroscopy of 195At H. Kettunen

JR01 Recoil-decay tagging of exotic light neutron-rich

P.T. Greenlees JR36
(N<28,Z<18) nuclei employing the alpha-decaying nuclei
J. Uusitalo
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of the very produced in deep-inelastic reactions
A recoil-gated plunger lifetime measurement JR02 S. Juutinen
JR04 of 188Pb with JUROGAM and the RITU A. Dewald neutron-deficient nucleus 188Po
A.N. Andreyev
separator
Recoil-decay tagging employing the alpha-
JR18 Ground state and excited bands in 250Fm R.-D. Herzberg JR37 Shape co-existence in very neutron-deficient 189
Bi
S. Juutinen
Y. Le Coz

JR05 decaying nuclei produced in deep inelastic J. Uusitalo

A plunger lifetime measurement of low-
reactions JR24 T. Grahn
lying yrast states in 194Po Identification of excited states in the deformed proton
JR39 emitter 117La using recoil-decay tagging with J.F. Smith
Rotational band structures in the odd-Z A. Chatillon JUROGAM, GREAT and RITU
JR07 transfermium 251Md nucleus studied by P.T. Greenlees Spectroscopy of the deformed ground-
JR27 J.F. Smith JR40 RDDS lifetime measurements of yrast states in 180,182
Hg T. Grahn
prompt gamma spectroscopy R.-D.Herzberg state proton emitter 113Cs Coulex-plunger lifetime measurements with Xe beams
JR41 and test of inverse kinematics for future coulex-plunger S. Harissopulis
The structure of K-isomers at the proton Spectroscopy of 176Hg: shape coexistence J. Simpson experiments
JR09 D.M. Cullen JR29
drip-line: 140Dy A.N. Andreyev
at the extremes R. Julin JR42 Search for deformed excitations in 185
Pb
D.M. Cullen
Yrast structre of the neutron-deficient Commissioning of the second multi-wire proportional
JR11 D.T. Joss High-spin states in the N=84 isotones D.T. Joss
JR43
counter for GREAT
D.M. Cullen
nucleus 170Pt JR30 156
Hf, 157Ta and 158W J. Uusitalo JR44 Search for N=82 shell quenching for neutron-rich nuclei X. Liang

P.T. Greenlees
JR12 In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of heavy elements: R.-D. Herzberg
Alpha-decay tagging of 106Te and 107Te B. Cederwall In-beam gamma-spectroscopy study of R.-D. Herzberg JR45 256
Rf Ch.Tiesen
JR31 253 B. Gall
No P. Reiter
JR12 B. Gall
Gamma spectroscopy of 256No using a radioactive 238
U R.-D. Herzberg
Detailed spectroscopy of 191Bi JR46
target Ch. Teisen
R. Wadsworth JR32 S. Juutinen P.T. Greenlees
Search for spherical, deformed oblate and
JR13 R.D. Page JR47 Alpha-decay tagging spectroscopy of 110
Xe B. Cederwall
isomeric states in 184Pb
R. Julin A recoil-decay tagged plunger lifetime T. Grahn JR48 Structure of high-K states in 254
No
R.-D. Herzberg
JR33 P.T. Greenlees

Nuclear structure of the extremely neutron K. Lagergren measurement for the yrast levels of 186Pb A. Dewald The changing structure of the light Re isotopes: Recoil-
JR16 JR50
decay tagging of the neutron-deficient nucleus 163Re
D.T. Joss
deficient nuclides 161Re and 162Os D.T. Joss
P.T. Greenlees JR51
Search for magnetic rotation and superdeformation in
A. Wilson
JR19 In-beam gamma-spectroscopy study of 254No M. Leino In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of the 200
Po
JR34 R.-D. Herzberg
transfermium nucleus 255Lr JR52
Identification of low-lying T=0,1 states in the N=Z S.N.S. Bondili
Identification of excited states in the first Ch. Theisen nucleus 78Y R. Wadsworth
P.T. Greenlees
JR21 proton-unbound N=77 isotone 146Tm using C. Scholey JR53 Investigation of K-isomerism in 250
Fm
R.-D. Herzberg
recoil-isomer and proton-decay tagging
JR55 Ground state band of 248Fm R.-D. Herzberg

Spectroscopy 223Pa (Z=91): A step towards Identification of excited states in the Probing the onset of collectively in 196Po by means of
JR23 B.J.P.Gall JR35 C. Scholey JR56 T. Grahn
octupole deformation studies of high-Z nuclei proton unbound nucleus 166Ir
RDDS lifetime measurements

192 Evolution of single-particle states near the N=82 shell

Gamma-ray spectroscopy of Po with JR58
gap; spectroscopy of 168Pt and neighbouring isotopes
M. Boden Gomez
JR25 P. Rahkila
JuroGam JR59 Recoil-Decay Tagging spectroscopy of 172-176Au B. Cederwall

JR26 Search for an oblate band in 186Pb J. Pakarinen JR60

Decay studies of the isomers in the proton emitter 151Lu
Z. Liu
and its daughter nucleus 150Yb
Three campaigns in 2003 – 2006
43 Experiments so far

Costs:
EUROBALL: ~ 10 repairs at CANBERRA-EURISYS + transport ≈ 80 k€
UK- France pool rent 3 x 13 k€ ≈ 40 k€
Components ≈ 10 k€
LN2 ~ 3 x 60 k€ ≈ 180 k€
Total in 3 years ≈ 300 k€
General idea:
Combining of
In-beam RDT or RG (Recoil Gating) experiments and
Focal plane decay experiments
→
• SHE- nuclei near 254No (Z=102) – Talk: Paul Greenlees
• Shape-coexistence in the light Pb region – Talk: Alfred Dewald
• Competing structures in light W – Pt nuclei – Talk: David Joss
• Isomer – spectroscopy of light Eu – Hf nuclei – David Cullen
• Towards light Z ≈ 50 nuclei – Talk: Bo Cederwall
• NEW: β – tagging of odd-odd N = Z nuclei – David Jenkins
SHE nuclei
Produced in asymmetric cold-fusion reaction – X(48Ca,2n)Y
→ ideal for RITU
→ Only one reaction channel open
→ Total compound cross-section down to 50 mb
→ Ibeam up to 30pnA on a 0.5mg/cm2 target in in-beam runs
Fission dominates: 100000 : 1
→ Ibeam limited by the Ge rate
→ Very low focal-plane rate
→ Enables long t1/2 – α – tagging
 25
4
Gamma- rays from
208Pb(48Ca,2n) 254No No
JUROGAM + RITU

S. Eeckhaudt et al. EPJ A26, (2005), 227

 25
4
SACRED + RITU data
No
254No-recoil gated in-beam conversion electrons
from 208Pb(48Ca,2n) 254No

Discrete lines
+
M1 continuum

M1

P.A. Butler at al. PRL 89 (2002) 202501

Medium-heavy and light nuclei
Produced in symmetric fusion-evaporation reactions
→ Difficulties with a gas-filled separator (separation of scattered beam)
No fission – large number of fusion ev. reaction channels σ ≤ 1mb
→ High recoil rate focal-plane - ~ 1kHz/1pnA on a 0.5mg/cm2 target
→ Limited possibilities for short-t1/2 p- or α- tagging
→ Need mass-selectivity → vacuum recoil-separator

β- tagging !?
Recoil- β – tagging:
Proof-of-principle experiment:
Access to excited state structure of N=Z 40Ca(36Ar,pn) 74Rb Z=N=37
superallowed β -emitters

In-beam γ

Eβ vs. ∆Eβ
 Triple - shape coexistence
Pb, Bi and Po isotopes
Close to the proton drip-line
Three low-lying 0+ states in 186Pb observed in the α- decay of 190Po

0p-0h 2p-2h 4p-4h

Where is the
OBLATE band?

PROLATE
SPHERICAL OBLATE

A. Andreyev et al. Nature 405 (2000) 430

 Even-mass
Prolate
4p-4h Pb isotopes
level systematics
- 2h
2 p
ate
b l
O
186Pb

Spherical 0p-0h
RDT experiment for 186Pb with JUROGAM+RITU+GREAT
186
106Pd(83Kr,3n) 186Pb

THE
PR O
LAT
EB
AN D

A NE
W BA
ND
 PROLATE

OCTUPOLE
OBLATE

GAMMA

186Pb
 Kinematic moment of inertia

E
AT
BL
bO
6P

TE
18
E
LAT

OBLA
O
PR
Pb

b
188P
A TE
L
OB
Po
 Sudden onset
deformation in light
Polonium isotopes
2h
p-
e2

A = even, Z = 84
atl
Ob

Level energies
Spherical 0p-0h
Alpha tagged singles gamma-rays from 144Sm(49Ti,3n)190Po
200nb

190Po
N = 106
Z = 84
PROLATE PROLATE OBLATE OBLATE

188Pb 190Po 192Po 194Po

 4h
p-
e6
at

Sudden onset
ol
Pr

deformation in light
Polonium isotopes

A = even, Z = 84
h
2 p-2
Ob lat
e Level energies
Spherical 0p-0h
188Po-alpha-tagged gamma-rays from 47Ti + 144Sm 188

5 nanobarn

/
Odd-mass
Bi
nuclei

Z = 83
191Bi
PRELIMINA
Prompt γ rays
tagged with the α decay
RY
of the ½+ state
Col 109Ag(86Kr,4n) 191Bi
lec
tiv
es
tru
ctu
res
!!

?
 SD band decaying to the α decaying 1/2+ isomer
but not to the α decaying 9/2– isomer in 191Bi
191Bi

Prompt γ rays A
RDT sum of prompt ne
tagged with the α decay w
of the ½+ state !! gamma-ray gates SD
ba
109Ag(86Kr,4n)191Bi nd
in 19
1
Bi
!!
PERSPECTIVES
PERSPECTIVES
Improved
Improved sensitivity
sensitivity::
•• Digital
Digital signal
signal processing
processing → → Higher
Higher counting
counting rates
rates
•• Large
Large variety
variety of
of high -intensity beams
high-intensity beams

In -beam gamma
In-beam gamma -- electron
electron concidences
concidences for
for SHE:
SHE:
•• Combined
Combined gamma -ray and
gamma-ray and electron
electron spectrometer
spectrometer -- SAGE
SAGE

RDT
RDT for
for lighter
lighter nuclei
nuclei -- ββ -- tagging
tagging
•• Design
Design for
for aa new
new recoil
recoil separator
separator

AA new
new system
system for
for detection
detection of
of ultra-fast proton
ultra-fast proton emitters
emitters –– LISA
LISA

INTAG
INTAG JRA
JRA of
of EURONS
EURONS ––
Further
Further development
development of
of tagging
tagging methods
methods