Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures ◆ EB001 HOME Appendix ◆ Metric Conversion Factors

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METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS To convert from to multiply by

The following list provides the conversion relationship Mass (weight) per length
between U.S. customary units and SI (International System) kip per linear foot kilogram per meter 0.001488
units. The proper conversion procedure is to multiply the (klf) (kg/m)
specified value on the left (primarily U.S. customary values) pound per linear foot kilogram per meter 1.488
by the conversion factor exactly as given below and then (plf) (kg/m)
round to the appropriate number of significant digits desired. Mass per volume (density)
For example, to convert 11.4 ft to meters: 11.4 x 0.3048 =
pound per cubic foot kilogram per cubic 16.01846
3.47472, which rounds to 3.47 meters. Do not round either
(lb/ft3) meter (kg/m3)
value before performing the multiplication, as accuracy would
pound per cubic yard kilogram per cubic 0.5933
be reduced. A complete guide to the SI system and its use can
(lb/yd3) meter (kg/m3)
be found in IEEE/ASTM SI-10, Metric Practice.
To convert from to multiply by Temperature
degree Fahrenheit degree Celsius tC = (tF – 32)/1.8
Length
(°F) (°C)
inch (in.) micrometer (µm) 25,400 E* degree Fahrenheit degree Kelvin tK = (tF + 459.7)/1.8
inch (in.) millimeter (mm) 25.4 E (°F) (°K)
inch (in.) meter (m) 0.0254 E
degree Kelvin (°K) degree Celsius tC = tK – 273.15
foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048 E
(°C )
yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144
Area Energy and heat
square foot (ft2) square meter (m2) 0.09290304 E British thermal unit joule (J) 1055.056
square inch (in.2) square millimeter 645.2 E (Btu)
(mm2) calorie (cal) joule (J) 4.1868 E
square inch (in. )
2 square meter (m2) 0.00064516 E Btu/°F hr • ft 2 W/m 2 • °K 5.678263
square yard (yd2) square meter (m2) 0.8361274 kilowatt-hour (kwh) joule (J) 3,600,000 E
British thermal unit calories per 0.55556
Volume
per pound (Btu/lb) gram (cal/g)
cubic inch (in.3) cubic millimeter 16.387064
British thermal unit watt (W) 0.2930711
(mm3)
per hour (Btu/hr)
cubic inch (in.3) cubic meter (m3) 0.00001639
cubic foot (ft3) cubic meter (m3) 0.02831685 Permeability
cubic yard (yd ) 3 cubic meter (m3) 0.7645549 darcy centimeter per second 0.000968
gallon (gal) U.S. liquid** liter (L) 3.7854118 (cm/sec)
gallon (gal) U.S. liquid cubic meter (m3) 0.00378541
feet per day (ft/day) centimeter per second 0.000352
fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (mL) 29.57353
(cm/sec)
fluid ounce (fl oz) cubic meter (m3) 0.00002957
* E indicates that the factor given is exact.
Force ** One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon.
kip (1000 lb) kilogram (kg) 453.6 † A pascal equals 1.000 newton per square meter.
kip (1000 lb) newton (N) 4,448.222
Note:
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924
avoirdupois One U.S. gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds (U.S.) at 60°F.
pound (lb) newton (N) 4.448222 One cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds (U.S.).
One milliliter of water has a mass of 1 gram and has a volume of
Pressure or stress one cubic centimeter.
pound per square kilogram per square 4.8824 One U.S. bag of cement weighs 94 lb.
foot (psf) meter (kg/m2) The prefixes and symbols listed below are commonly used to
pound per square pascal (Pa)† 47.88 form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submulti-
foot (psf) ples of the SI units.
pound per square kilogram per square 0.07031
inch (psi) centimeter (kg/sq cm) Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol
pound per square pascal (Pa)† 6,894.757 1,000,000,000 = 10 9 giga G
inch (psi) 1,000,000 = 10 6 mega M
pound per square megapascal (MPa) 0.00689476 1,000 = 10 3 kilo k
inch (psi) 1=1 — —
Mass (weight) 0.01 = 10 –2 centi c
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924 0.001 = 10 –3 milli m
avoirdupois 0.000001 = 10 –6 micro µ
ton, 2000 lb kilogram (kg) 907.1848 0.000000001 = 10 –9 nano n

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