Pile Capacity Calculation Sheet by: Jibendra Misra

SDE,, Bridge
g Branch,, Department
p of Roads
Pile Capacity calculation as per IS 2911 Part 1 /Section 2 Annex B
A. Pile in Cohensionless Soil/Granular Soil B. Pile in Cohesive Soil

End Bearing Skin Resistance End Bearing Skin Resistance

Where Where

Pile Data and Level

Cap Bottom Level 100 m

Bearing Capacity Factors of Cohesionless Soil Maximum Scour Level 98.5 m
ϕ Nϒ Nq Total Length of Pile 15 m
25 10.88 10 Foundation level 85 m
30 22.4 20 Effective length of pile 13.5 m
35 48.03 50 Diameter of Pile 1 m
40 109 41
109.41 110
Nq: Refer Fig 1of Annex B of IS 2911 Part 1 Section 2
Nϒ: Refer Table 1 of IS 6403
End Bearing Shall be calculated at
15D forϕ<30
Calculation of Pile Capacity
Calculation of Skin Resistance
Depth of Soil Type C-Soil Property N/A ϕ-Soil Property -
LAYER Asi Skin Resistance
Layer (C or ϕ) Clay Type Cu  ϕ Ki density R. densityϒi PDi Tanδi
Layer 1 3 Phi Stiff NA NA 30 1 18 8 12.00 0.364 9.42 41.16
Layer 2 2 Phi Stiff NA NA 32 1 18 8 32.00 0.391 6.28 78.53
L r3
Layer 2 Phi M di
Medium S
Stiff
iff NA NA 33 1 19 9 54 00
54.00 0 404
0.404 6 28
6.28 137 08
137.08
Layer 4 2 Phi Very Stiff NA NA 34 1 20 10 80.00 0.414 6.28 208.21
Layer 4 4.5 Phi Stiff NA NA 34 1 20 10 112.50 0.414 14.14 658.78
Total Skin Resistance 1123.76
Calculation of End Bearing
g

Soil Type Clay Type NC Cp ϕ ϒ Nϒ Nq PD Ap End Bearing

Phi Stiff NA NA 34 10 42.904 44 112.50 0.7854 4056.205 kN
Total Ultimate Capacity 5179.962 kN
FoS 25
2.5
Pile Capacity Using SPT For Cohesionless Soil Working Capacity / Safe Capacity 2071.98 kN
Pile Capacity for Pile Load Test 3107.977 kN
Varghese Formula
φ = 0.3N + 27
for Average φ = 34 N= 24
Qu = 5343.849 kN
Safe Pile Capacity
2137.54 kN
 Cohensionless Soil: Important Notes
Relation Between SPT Value and Angle g of Friction SPT Value and Soil Consistencyy
Empirical Formulas in Relation to SPT from Indian Standards and Codes
Relation of SPT values with the angle of internal friction is
(Varghese 2005)
φ = 0.3N + 27

where
φ Angle of internal friction, degrees
N SPT value.
Reference: Ravi Sundaram, Jagdish Telangrao Shahu, Vasant Havanagi - Geotechnics for Transportation
Infrastructure_
Infrastructure Recent Developments, Upcoming Technologies and New Con Page 29

Hatakanda and Uchida Equation

After conducting numerous tests, Hatakanda and Uchida (1996) provided the following
equation to compute the friction angle using the SPT (N) values:
1/2
ϕ' = 3.5 × (N) + 22.3 Nq Nϒ
ϕ', friction angle; N, SPT value.
This equation ignores the particle size and most tests are done on medium to coarse
sands. For a given “N” value, fine sands will have a lower friction angle while coarse sands
will have a larger friction angle. Hence, the following modified equations are proposed:
Fine sand – ϕ' = 3.5 × (N)1/2 + 20
1/2
Medium sand – ϕ' = 3.5 × (N) + 21
1/2
Coarse sand – ϕ' = 3.5 × (N) + 22

Reference: Rajapakse, Ruwan

Abey - Geotechnical Engineering
Calculations and Rules of Thumb,
Second Edition-Butterworth-
Heinemann is an imprint of
Elsevier (2015), Page 29
 Cohesive Soil: Important Notes
Pile Type,
yp , Soil Consistency,
y, Cohesion and Adhesion
Relation Between Undrained Shear Strength Cu and Adhesion Factor 
IS 2911 Part 1/ Section 2

Reference: Rajapakse, Ruwan Abey - Geotechnical Engineering Calculations

and Rules of Thumb, Second Edition-Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of
Elsevier (2015), Page 430

Cu Values for Clay: Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering: K.R

Arora, Page 346
S.No Soil Cohesion (kN/m2)
1` <12
2 Soft to medium Clay 12-25
3 Stiff Clay 50-100
4 Very Stiff 100-200
5 Hard >200 Relation of SPT with cohesion intercept
qu = N/8
c = qu/2
where
qu Undrained strength of soils, in kg/cm2
c Cohesion intercept, in kg/cm2.
Reference: Ravi Sundaram, Jagdish Telangrao Shahu, Vasant Havanagi -
Geotechnics for Transportation Infrastructure_ Recent Developments,
Upcoming Technologies and New Con Page 29
 By: Jibendra Misra
SDE,Bridge Branch, DoR

Economical Pile Arrangement

A. Abutment

Thickness of Wing Wall 0.4 m

0.3 0.4 1.5
0.3
1.8 a6 0.5
a7 3.15
0.61
3.5 a5
a8 Calculation of C.G and Weight of Abutment
0.9 0.5 Notation Area CG-X CG Y Weight (kN)
a1 3 75
3.75 0 75
0.75 1 25
1.25 1031 25
1031.25
a4 1.00 a2 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.00
a3 a3 0.10 -0.13 2.33 27.50
7.15 0.5 a4 1.50 0.55 3.00 412.50
a5 1.46 -0.20 5.33 401.50
a6 0.11 0.00 6.35 30.94
0.4 a7 6.30 -2.15 6.25 63.00
a7' 6.30 -2.15 6.25 63.00
2.0 2.50 a8 1.58 -1.17 5.05 15.75
a11 a8'
8' 1 58
1.58 -1.17
1 17 55.05
05 15
15.75
75
2061.19
C.G from A 0.295 2.223
a2 Position of C.G WRT Superstructure load 0.315 m
y Point
z Position of CG wrt center of aubment -0.455 m
x A stem at base
Position of Superstructure Load wrt -0.140 m
center of aubment stem at base
1.5 0
Height of Abutment H= 7.15 m
Length of Abutment L= 11 m
Span Length 40 m

Pile Arrangement 1

10 9
0.7

7 8 3.00
7.15

104.50 HFL y
6 5 13.40
x
2

3 4
101.6
1.45 1.5 1.45
1.60
100.0 CBL
1 2
4.4 96.50 MSL

20.0
20 0

0.7 3.00
4.4
80.00
 By: Jibendra Misra
SDE,Bridge Branch, DoR

Length of Pile cap Along Brodge Axis = 4.40 m Forces on the Abutment
Length of Pile Cap Across Bridge Axis = 13.40 m Total Dead Load from superstructure 4280.00 KN I.F
Depth of Fixity from maximum Scour Level = 6.50 m Total Critical Live load Excluding impact 1186.00 KN 1.098
(IS 2911 part I section II, Appendix C, Adopting Max value) Total Critical Live load including impact 1302.0 KN
Diameter of Pile = 1 m Seismic Coefficient Determination :
Depth of Pile = 20.00 m Superstructure DL+LL 5466.0 KN
No of Pile in one row = (Along Bridge Axis) 2 Horizontal Force for 1mm def. of top pier/abutment 103654 KN
No of Row = 5 Refer Attached Sheet
Total No of Pile (n) = 10 Fundamental Time Period, T 0.015 sec
Embedded length of Pile = 16.50 Ave. response acceleration coefficient for 5% Damping, Sa/g 1.2
Thickness of Pile Cap = 1.60 m Importance Factor, I 1.2
IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.5
709 5 OK Zone Factor
Factor, Z : 0 36 Zone V
0.36
Factor of Saftey FS = IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.3 2.5 Response Reduction Factor 2.5
offset of pile cap from the outer face of outermost pile = 0.2 m Ok Horizantal Seismic Coefficient, Ah
Center to center distance of the piles 0.105
Along Bridge Axis (Xi) = 3.00 m
Across Bridge Axis (Yi) = 3.00 m Horizantal Seismic Coefficient, Av 0.079
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (Temperature)
For Pot Bearing
Vertical dead Load 2140 kN Earth Pressure Coefficient Determination :
Total No of Bearing Per Abutment 2 Unit weight of backfill soil 18 kN/m³
2
Contact area of Pot Bearing 250000 mm Unit weight of Concrete 25 kN/m3
(Assuming size 500mmX500mm) Ah 0.105
Contact Stress (sp) 8.56 kN/mm2 Av 0.079
Pot bearing constant (k) 1.00 Φ 35 0.61 rad
Maximum Friction Coefficient μmax = 0.065 λ 0.10 0.11 rad
Maxmimum Frictional Force 138.36 kN α 0 0.00 rad
Total Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 276.72 kN β 0 0.00 rad
g of main girders
Length g d (L) ( ) 40000 mm δ 22.55 0.39 rad
d
Width of girder (a) 500 mm Ca 0.329 0.291
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 500 mm Ka 0.244
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 276.72 KN Ca :dynamic active earth pressure
Moment 968.53 KNm Ka : Active Earthpressure

Effect of buyoncy Earth Pressure force (Including live load surcharge) [IRC:6-2000, 217.1]
Area of stem at top = 16.5 m² Load, KN LA,m Moment, KNm**
Depth of submerged part of abutment = 2.90 m Active Earth pressure 1507.29 3.003 4526.39 Clockwise
Area of stem at base = 16 5
16.5 m² Live Load Surcharge 492 38
492.38 3 575
3.575 1760 26 Clockwise
1760.26
Area of stem at HFL = 16.5 m² Dynamic Active Earth Pressure 2025.79 4.77 9656.27 Clockwise
Volume of submerged part of abutment = 47.85 m³ Dynamic LL Surcharge 661.76 4.719 3122.83 Clockwise
Taking 1/2 of the volume, Net upward force due to buyon -239.25 kN Backfill Dead Load 2500.64
**Center of Base of Stem
Loads and Moment Calculation
The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since it will not
Breaking Force: be critical due to high moment of inertia.
Load Vertical Horizontal Moment,
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle Type Load,KN Load,KN KNm
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 4.85 m a) Permanent DL
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 237.20 KN Superstructure dead load 4280.00 -599.20
Moment 1150.42 KNm Abutment 2061.19 -937.19
Bearing Level Moment will Be transferred Soil mass 2500.64
Seismic Forces on Abutment (Due to Dead Loads) Pile Cap 2358.40
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered. Active Earth pressure 1507.29 4526.39
Horizontal seismic forces: Load,KN LA,m Moment,KNm b) Variable Loads
Superstructure: 450.4 3.500 1576.2 Live load 1302.02 -182.28
Ab
Abutment: 216
216.99 22.223
223 482
482.22 T i /B ki force
Tractive/Braking f 237
237.20
20 1150
1150.4242
Backfill soil mass 263.1 3.575 940.7 Frictional force 276.72 968.53
Total 930.4 2999.1 Live load surcharge 492.38 1760.26
Vertical seismic forces: Load,KN c) Seismic Effect
Superstructure: 337.76 kN Due to DL 697.77 930.36 2999.10
Abutment: 162.7 kN Due to DL (Pile Cap) 186.12 248.16 198.53
Backfill soil mass 197.34 kN Dynamic Active Earth Pressure 2025.79 9656.27
Total 697.77 KN Dynamic LL Surcharge 661.76 3122.83
d) Hydraulic Loads
 By: Jibendra Misra
SDE,Bridge Branch, DoR

Load Combination Refer Table B.4 IRC 112

Load Combination (1) Combination (2) Seismic Combination
a) Permanent DL
Superstructure dead load 1.35 1 1.35
Abutment 1.35 1 1.35
Soil mass 1.5 1.3 1
Pile Cap 1.35 1 1.35
Active Earth pressure
b) Variable Loads
Live load 1.5 1.3 0.75
Tractive/Braking force 1.15 1
Frictional force 0.9 0.8 0.5
Live load surcharge 12
1.2 1 00.22
c) Seismic Effect
Due to DL 1.5
Due to DL (Pile Cap) 1.5
Dynamic Active Earth Pressure 1
Dynamic LL Surcharge 0.2
d) Hydraulic Loads
Buoyancy

Loads on Individual Pile: Check Pile against Soil Capacity

Summary of Loads Combination as Per Table B4 / IRC 112
Combination (1) Combination (2) Seismic Combination

V, KN 17448.44 13643.05 16547.43

H,KN 1112.69 950.96 4162.75
M,KNm 1959.42 1912.15 13702.75
Maximum and Minimum Load is given by
V i = [[V/n]] + ((Mxx*Xi)/∑
) ∑ Xi² + ((Myy*Yi)/
yy ) ∑ Yi²
Seismic
Combo1 Combo2 Case
Pile ID Xi Yi Vi Vi Vi
1 -3.00 -6.00 1679.53 1301 1197.98
2 3.00 -6.00 1810.16 1428 2111.50
3 -3.00 -6.00 1679.53 1301 1197.98
4 3.00 -6.00 1810.16 1428 2111.50
5 -3.00 -3.00 1679.53 1301 1197.98
6 3.00 -3.00 1810.16 1428 2111.50
7 -3.00 -3.00 1679.53 1301 1197.98
8 3.00 -3.00 1810.16 1428 2111.50
9 -3.00 0.00 1679.53 1301 1197.98
10 3.00 0.00 1810.16 1428 2111.50
1810.16 1428.04 2111.50
Maximum Pile Load
Pile Case Load,KN 2071 2588.75
Remarks Safe Safe
Clause 706.1.2/ IRC 78:2014,, IRC 6/Annex B