Chapter 4

MICROENTERPRISE: ITS IMPACT TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE

RESIDENTS OF MANTAGBAC DAET, CAMARINES NORTE

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter discussed the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered by the

researchers. There were a total of 58 chosen respondents who are residents of the Barangay

Mantagbac Daet, Camarines Norte and currently employed in the microenterprises within

the Barangay. The results of the survey were shown in the tables and interpreted as follows:

Table 1.
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(x) DISTRIBUTION (f) DISTRIBUTION (%)
15-25 15 25.86
26-35 14 24.14
36-45 9 15.52
46-55 11 18.97
56-65 7 12.07
66-75 2 3.45
Total N= 58 100
Age of the Respondents

The table 1 showed the bracket of the age segmentation of the respondents. There

were a total of fifty-eight (58) respondents. There were fifteen (15) respondents who are

fifteen (15) to twenty-five (25) years old with the corresponding percentage of 25.86. There

were fourteen (14) respondents who were twenty-six (26) to thirty-five (35) years old with

the corresponding percentage of 24.14. There were nine (9) respondents who were thirty-

six (36) to forty-five (45) years old with the corresponding percentage of 15.52. There were

eleven (11) respondents who were forty-six (46) to fifty-five (55) years old with the

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corresponding percentage of 18.97. There were seven (7) respondents who were fifty-six

(56) to sixty-five (65) years old with the corresponding percentage of 12.07. There were

two (2) respondents who were sixty-six (66) to seventy-five (75) years old with the

corresponding percentage of 3.45. All in all, most respondents that were employed in the

microenterprises belong to the age working group ranging from fifteen (15) to twenty-five

(25) years old.

As presented in the table 1, the age of the respondents ranging from fifteen (15) to

twenty five (25) got the highest percentage of people working in microenterprises within

the locality of Mantagbac. Most of the microenterprises in Mantagbac were in the age

working group. Microenterprises hire younger employees because of their capability of

doing tasks better. Younger employees have the ability to finish the tasks faster because

they have the strength and energy in their work performance.

Based on the study of Nabutola (2014), people engaged in micro and small

enterprises were relatively younger in age. Most micro and small enterprises are owned and

mainly run by people in their late 20s and early 30s which comprise of the youthful

population. The younger owners and employees has the necessary motivation, energy and

commitment to work and is more inclined to take risks that lead to an improved

performance of the micro and small enterprises.

Table 2.
Gender of the Respondents
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(x) DISTRIBUTION (f) DISTRIBUTION (%)

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 Male 28 48.28
Female 30 51.72
Total N= 58 100

As shown in Table 2, presented the gender information of the respondents. Out of a

total of fifty-eight (58) respondents in Brgy. Mantagbac, thirty (30) respondents were

female while twenty-eight (28) were male. In rational expressions, 48.28 percent of the

respondents are male and the rest 51.72 percent of the population size is composed of

females. The result of the total number of males and females were almost the same.

It was observed that the total number of males and females were close to one

another. The data showed that both men and women have the ability and capacity to work

in the different enterprises. Most microenterprises were able to adapt the equality on hiring

employees. The equality on hiring employees gives residents of a locale to have an

opportunity to work on the different businesses.

According to Kotur (2014), globalization of business gives individuals equal

opportunity to work in different organizations. Both men and women compete for job

positions in a certain business. Even though male and female employees exhibit different

levels of performances at their work, they still have opportunity to work in business.

Table 3
Number of Years in Business of the Respondents
NUMBER OF YEARS
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
WORKING IN THE
DISTRIBUTION (f) DISTRIBUTION (%)
BUSINESS (X)
Less than one year 12 20.69

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 1-10 37 63.79
11-20 6 10.34
21-30 1 1.72
31-40 1 1.72
41-50 1 1.72
Total N= 58 100

The table above showed the number of respondents in terms of number of years

working in the business and its corresponding percentage. There were twelve (12)

respondents that are working in the business in less than one year with the corresponding

percentage of 20.69. There were thirty-seven (37) respondents who are working in the

business in one (1) to ten (10) years with the corresponding percentage of 63.79. There

were six (6) respondents who are working in the business with the corresponding

percentage of 10.34. There was one (1) respondent who is working in the business in

twenty-one (21) to thirty (30) years with the corresponding percentage of 1.72. There was

one (1) respondent that is working in the business in thirty-one (31) to forty (40) years, the

same with the forty-one (41) to fifty (50) years with its corresponding percentage of 1.72.

As shown in table 3, majority of the residents in Mantagbac were working in the

microenterprises for one to ten years. Due to the increasing population in the community,

most of the microenterprises were newly built in the locale. Most of the microenterprises

that were newly built hired few employees to ease in their daily production. The collected

data means that almost half of the respondents were just recently employed in the

microenterprise.

In the study of Ibasco et al. (2018), it was stated that micro entrepreneurs differ in

their years in the business. The average years that micro entrepreneurs have been managing

microenterprises was 5 years which gave them background experiences regarding the field

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before they start their own business. Being engaged to micro businesses for a long period

of time gives knowledge, skills and experiences not only to micro entrepreneurs but also to

employees that helps them in running the business.

Table 4
Impact of Microenterprise to the Quality of Life of the Residents
Adjectival
PERSONAL Weighted Mean
Interpretation
1. Can take a vacation once/twice a year. 2.91 A
2. Can buy clothing items (shirts, bags, shoes etc.). 3.55 SA
3. Can eat at local restaurants. 3.47 SA
4. Can afford few luxuries (gadgets, makeups, skin 3.18 A
care, accessories, jewelries, etc.)
5. Other personal needs 3.67 SA

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 Grand Mean 3.28 SA

HOME
1. Can buy new appliances. 2.97 A
2. Can save money for building my own house. 2.59 A
3. Can save money for house renovation. 2.64 A
4. Can save money for house expansion. 2.38 D
5. Other home necessities 3.05 A
Grand Mean 2.68 A

FAMILY NEEDS
1. Can afford to buy groceries weekly 3.02 A
2. Can pay the tuition fee of my children. 2.84 A
3. Can enroll my children to private schools. 2.6 A
4. Can support the financial needs of my siblings in 2.97 A
school.
5. Other family needs 3 A
Grand mean 2.86 A

OTHER EXPENSES
1. Can be able to pay debts. 3.28 SA
2. Can pay electric and water bills. 3.53 SA
3. Can provide money to some emergency cases. 3.5 SA
4. Can save money for my future family. 3.17 A
5. Other expenditures 3.75 SA
Grand mean 3.38 SA
Legend: 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree (SA); 2.50-3.24 Agree (A); 1.75-2.49 Disagree (D); 1.0-1.74 Strongly Disagree (SD)

The data showed the impact of microenterprise to the quality of life of the residents.

It was divided in four different categories: personal needs, home necessities, family needs

and other expenses. Personal category has a grand mean amounted to 3.28, it indicates that

the respondents strongly agreed to the microenterprise’ impact to their personal needs.

Home necessities had a grand mean of 2.68 which implied that respondents agreed to the

microenterprise’ impact to their home necessities. The grand mean of family needs was

2.86, which signified that the respondents agreed to the impact of microenterprise to their

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family needs. Lastly, the other expenses of the residents had a grand mean of 3.38 that had

the highest weighted mean on the impact of microenterprise.

As presented in table 4, the microenterprises in Mantagbac had a positive impact on

the quality of life of the residents. The result showed that with the small salaries of the

employees of microenterprises, they were capable of paying expenses, personal needs,

family needs and home necessities. Microenterprise had the highest impact on the quality

of life of the residents in terms of paying for expenses such as paying bills, debts and

savings. It was observed on the table that employees of microenterprises were not really

able to save money for the building their house. The data showed that employees were

mostly concerned on their daily expenses and basic necessities.

To support the statement, in the study of Maseya (2015), stated that engagement

in the SMME sector had a positive outcome on household livelihoods. The explained that

there was an improvement in the livelihoods because people were able to buy whatever

they wished and they were able to sustain daily living expenses for their households and

save on a monthly basis from income generated from SMME activities. However, most of

the savings ended up to be used for consumption. Savings would be used to pay either for

university fees for a child, purchase household appliances or just use for living expenses.

Most of the respondents reported a positive impact of SMMEs on livelihoods, with

households being able to provide health care, shelter, education for children and extended

family members, food and household property and some were able to purchase a vehicle.

Table 5
Significant Difference of Microenterprise in terms of Age

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 Mean Std. t Sig. (2-
Deviation tailed)
Pair 1 Age 15 to 25- -.20000 .10924 -3.662 .035
Age 26 to 35
Pair 2 Age 15 to 25- -.07750 .18246 -.850 .458
Age 36 to 45
Pair 3 Age 15 to 25- -.10250 .26043 -.787 .489
Age 46 to 55
Pair 4 Age 15 to 25- -.22500 .24035 -1.872 .158
Age 56 to 65
Pair 5 Age 15 to 25- .03500 .41324 .169 .876
Age 66 to 75
Pair 6 Age 26 to 35- .12250 .15861 1.545 .220
Age 36 to 45
Pair 7 Age 26 to 35- .09750 .24798 .786 .489
Age 46 to 55
Pair 8 Age 26 to 35- -.02500 .13577 -.368 .737
Age 56 to 65
Pair 9 Age 26 to 35- .23500 .33352 1.409 .254
Age 66 to 75
Pair 10 Age 36 to 45- -.02500 .17214 -.290 .790
Age 46 to 55
Pair 11 Age 36 to 45- -.14750 .20903 -1.411 .253
Age 56 to 65
Pair 12 Age 36 to 45- .11250 .29205 .770 .497
Age 66 to 75
Pair 13 Age 46 to 55- -.12250 .31415 -.780 .492
Age 56 to 65
Pair 14 Age 46 to 55- .13750 .24364 1.129 .341
Age 66 to 75
Pair 15 Age 56 to 65- .26000 .29518 1.762 .176
Age 66 to 75
In table 5, the significant difference of the age of the respondents and the impact of

microenterprises to the quality of life to the residents was tested. An independent t-test was

calculated comparing the mean score of the respondents aging 15 years old up to 75 years

old. There was no significant difference found at Pair 1 to Pair 15 of the age bracket

segmentation. The result of the significance revealed the acceptance of the null hypothesis

in terms of the age of the employees.

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 The results of the t-test showed that significant difference did not exist between the

age of the employees and the impact of microenterprises to the quality of life of the

residents of Mantagbac. This implied that age of the employees does not change their

ability to provide products and services in the community. From the result of the

tabulations and statistics, the variable age did not affect the impact of microenterprise to the

quality of life of the employees.

In the study of Osunsan et al. (2015), the age of the micro and small business

owners does not influence the business performance. Better business performance is not

limited to certain age group. The need to make resources for business growth was both for

young and old. Regardless of the age of the micro and small enterprise owners, they

provide employment in the community for their success in business.

Table 6
Significant Difference of Microenterprise in terms of Gender
Mean Std. Deviation t Sig. (2-
tailed)
Pair 1 Male- .09500 .08544 2.224 .113
Female

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 Table 6 tested the significant difference in the impact of the microenterprise to the

gender of the respondents. An independent t-test was calculated comparing the mean score

of the profile of the respondents in terms of gender. There is no significant difference found

in Pair 1. The result of the significance revealed the acceptance of the null hypothesis in

terms of the gender of the employees.

The result showed that there was no statistical difference between the gender of the

employees and the variable impact of microenterprises to the quality of life of the residents

of Mantagbac. In table 6, it was implied that the identified impact of microenterprise

variables were applied to both male and female employees. Microenterprises had an impact

to both genders. Also, gender does not affect the impact of microenterprises to the quality

of life of the residents.

According to the study of Shava et al. (2016), there is no significant association

between micro, small and medium enterprises performance and the MSME owners with

high business-related experience. Controlling the level of business-related experience

between male and female owners has no difference in the performance of MSMEs. When

other key factors such as managerial experience, prior business ownership and industry

experience of entity owners are also taken into consideration, it would provide evidence to

indicate the insignificant difference in the performance of male and female-owned entities.

Table 7
Significant Difference of Microenterprise in terms of
Number of Years Working in the Business

Std. Sig. (2-

Mean t
Deviation tailed)

40
Pair 1 Less than a year .22500 .17767 2.533 .085
Years 1 to 10
Pair 2 Less than a year -.30500 .22428 -2.720 .073
Years 11 to 20
Pair 3 Less than a year .33250 .20073 3.313 .045
Years 21 to 30
Pair 4 Less than a year -.79250 .16919 -9.368 .003
Years 31 to 40
Pair 5 Less than a year .37000 .47854 1.546 .220
Years 41 to 50
Pair 6 Years 1 to 10 -.53000 .30908 -3.429 .042
Years 11 to 20
Pair 7 Years 1 to 10 .10750 .25552 .841 .462
Years 21 to 30
Pair 8 Years 1 to 10 -1.01750 .24891 -8.176 .004
Years 31 to 40
Pair 9 Years 1 to 10 .14500 .41089 .706 .531
Years 41 to 50
Pair 10 Years 11 to 20 .63750 .27476 4.640 .019
Years 21 to 30
Pair 11 Years 11 to 20 -.48750 .13099 -7.443 .005
Years 31 to 40
Pair 12 Years 11 to 2o .67500 .46765 2.887 .063
Years 41 to 50
Pair 13 Years 21 to 30 -1.12500 .14434 -15.588 .001
Years 31 to 40
Pair 14 Years 21 to 30 .03750 .62233 .121 .912
Years 41 to 50
Pair 15 Years 31 to 40 1.16250 .52817 4.402 .022
Years 41 to 50

Presented in table 7 was the tabulation and calculation of the significant impact of

microenterprise to the profile of the respondents in terms of their number of years working

in the business. An independent t-test was calculated comparing the mean score of number

of years working in the business from less than a year up to 50 years. There was no

significant difference found at Pair 1, Pair 2, Pair 3, Pair 5, Pair 6, Pair 7, Pair 9, Pair 10,
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Pair 11, Pair 12, Pair 14 and Pair 15. While a significant difference was found at Pair 4,

Pair 8 and Pair 13 because results were less than 0.005. Statistically, the result of the

significance revealed the acceptance of the null hypothesis in terms of the number years

working in the business of the employees.

As presented in Table 7, it was statistically tested that the number of years working

in the business of the employees had no significant difference to the impact of

microenterprises in Mantagbac. The number of years working in the business of the

employees was not a significant factor in the impact of microenterprise to the quality of life

of the residents. Whether residents were recently employed or working for several years,

they could still provide for their family and personal needs, home necessities and other

expenses.

According to the study of Radipere, et al (2014), number of years in business is no

longer a significant factor of a company. It was found that there was no significant

difference between the number of years in business and company’s performance. In this

study, it was determined that maturity of business was not based on the number of years in

business of owner/managers thus it was based on the effective used of employees. It is

important that they are well-trained to use technology and understand its importance to be

used in the business.

Output of the Study

The output of the research study was booklets. After the results and findings, it has

been proven that microenterprise has a positive impact to the quality of life of an individual

resident in Mantagbac. The booklets contained the impact of microenterprises to the quality

of life of residents in terms of their personal needs, family needs, home necessities and

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expenses. The booklets would be distributed to the employees of the microenterprises to

improve their awareness to the impact of microenterprise to their quality of life. The output

also composed of the recommendations given by the researchers to improve the quality of

life of employees of microenterprises.

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44
 NOTES

Nobutola, J. (2014). “Influence of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises on

Improvement of Service Delivery in Central District Bungoma County.”
University of Nairobi Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/orca
_share_media1550585892420.pdf

Kotur, B (2014). “Influence of Age and Gender on the Performance.” Retrieved from:
http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16-issue5/Version-3/O0165397103.pdf

45
Ibasco J. et al. A Thesis for the Practical Research. “The Role of Microenterprises to the
Entrepreneurial Development in Daet, Camarines Norte.” (p. 203).

Maseya, E. (2015). “The Impact Assessment of Microenterprises on the Livelihoods of

the Low Income Households in Khayelitsa.” Retrieved
fromfile:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Maseya_e_ma_ems_2015%20(9).pdf

Osunsan O. (2015). “Owner/Manager Age and Performance of Small Business Enterprises

in Kampala, Uganda.” Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308801939_OwnerManager_Age_and_Pe
rformance_of_Small_Busin ess_Enterprises_in_Kampala_Uganda

Shava H. et al. (2016). “Influence of gender on MSME performance in emerging econo

mies.” Retrieved from https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/view
/408/599

Radipere, S (2014). “The role of age and business size on small business performance in
the South African small enterprise sector.” Retrieved from
https://businessperspectives.org/images/pdf/applications/publishing/templates/articl
e/assets/5920/PPM_2014_04_Radipere.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1ALgyn0dlYju8wccrrAl
XrrsWncwvZc`P76xuiOlNPOfTZqJI3qw5HpowY

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