Shaper Machine/

Planer Machine/
Slotter Machine/
Boring Machine
• Shaper Machine:
• Introduction:
• The metal working shaper was developed in the year 1836 by James Nasmyth.
• The shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool used for producing flat, irregular
or curved shaped surfaces. Modern shapers can produce contoured surfaces
• It is easy to setup and operate.

• Working Principle:

• The job is held in the suitable device (vice) clamped rigidly on the machine table.
• The cutting tool is held in the tool post mounted on the ram of the shaper.
• The ram move in reciprocate motion so it cut the material from work piece during
the cutting stroke.
• The job is given a feed motion perpendicular to the direction of tool movement.
• Generally cutting action take place in the forward stroke, which is also known as
cutting stroke.
• No cutting material take place during the return stroke of the arm its called the idle
stroke.
• At the end of one cycle consisting of one to and fro motion of cutting tool.
Image of shaper machine
• Principal Parts:
• Base: Shaper base is a heavy structure of cast iron. It supports all the other parts
and assemblies (described in the following). It resists vibration and high
compressive loads being of cast iron. Base is bolted down to the shop floor through
foundation bolts.

• Column: It also provides support for other parts of the machine, such as ram,
cross-rail, etc.

• Table: The table is used to clamp the job.

• Ram: It is the reciprocating member and used to alter ram position with respect to
the job or work piece.

• Tool head or shaper head: It is mounted at the front end of ram and has the
provision of being swiveled in any direction for shaping angular surfaces. The tool
is held in tool post.
Different Types of Cutting Tools Used in Shaper

Operations Performed On Shaper

• Operations involved in shaping

a rectangular job on shaper.
• Cutting an angle on a large
job.
• Shaping a V or keyway in a
block.
• Types of Shaper:
1. Horizontal shaper:
• It is very popular type of shaper. The ram holding the tool reciprocates in a
horizontal axis.
2. Vertical shaper:
• The ram holding the tool reciprocates in a vertical axis. It is for key way, groove
or slots.

• Advantages:
• The control of rate of flow and pressure is quite easy.
• Moving parts are less.
• Its smooth and jerk free.
• Power consumption is low.

• Disadvantages :
• Primary cost is high
• Not suitable for difficult job & oil leakage is major problem
• Any change in the properties of the oil due to temperature.
• Planner Machine:
• Introduction:
• A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that is some what similar to a
shaper, the entire work piece moving beneath the cutter.
• Principle Parts of Planer:
1. Bed 2. Table 3. Housing 4. Cross Rail 5. Tool head
• Slotting Machine

• Introduction: A Slotting machine or Slotter may be consider as a vertical shaper.

• Operations Performed on Slotter Machine:

• Machining flat, cylindrical and

irregular surfaces. Machining slots,
Keyways and grooves.

• Principle Parts of Slotter

Machine:
Difference:
Shaper
1 The work is held stationary
and the tool on the ram is
moved back and forth across
the work.
2 Used for shaping much
smaller jobs
3 Is a light machine
4 Can employ light cuts and
finer feed.
5 Uses one cutting tool at a time Several tools can cut
simultaneously.
6 Driven using quick- return
link mechanism
7 It is less rigid and less robust
Planer Slotter
The tool is stationary and The work is held stationary
the work piece on the table and the tool on the ram is
travels back and forth under moved up and down across the
the tool work.
Meant for much larger It is used for making slots in
jobs. Jobs as large as 6 smaller jobs.
metre wide and twice as
long can be machined.
It is a heavy duty machine. Slotting is light machine
Can employ heavier cuts and Can employ light cuts and
coarse feed. finer feed.
Shaper uses one cutting tool at a
time
The drive on the planer table The rams are either crank-
is either by gears or by driven or hydraulically driven.
hydraulic means
Better rigidity that give more It is less rigid and less robust
accuracy on machined
surfaces.
• Boring Machine
• Introduction:
•The first boring machine tool was invented by John Wilkinson in 1775.
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already
been drilled by means of a single point cutting tool for example as in boring a
cannon barrel. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the diameter of a hole,
and can be used to cut a tapered hole.
• CLASSIFICATION OF BORING MACHINE
•The boring machine is one of the versatile machine tool used to enlarge already
drilled hole.
•Boring operation can be performed on lathe as that of turning where tool is
stationary and work piece is rotating.

• Types:
• Horizontal boring machine:
•The work is supported on a table which is stationary and tool revolves in a
horizontal axis
• Vertical Boring Machine:
•The work rotates on a horizontal table about a vertical axis and the tool is stationary
except for feed. Machine may look like a vertical lathe.
•Multiple tooling may be adapted with its turret type tool post, increasing the rate of
production.
• Jig Boring Machine:
•It uses a single point cutting tools to machine surfaces rapidly and accurately.
•Jig boring machine is a precision boring machine, resembles to vertical milling
machine in construction.
•Jig-Boring Machine a metal-cutting machine for finishing holes, planes, and slots
with a highly precise location of centers or surfaces without the use of special
attachments for tool alignment.
•Jig-boring machines are used for boring, drilling, counter-sinking, reaming, milling,
and other types of finishing in individual and small-scale production during the
manufacture of cutting and measuring tools, jigs, dies, and key components of
machines and instruments.
Vertical boring machine