‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ )ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ(‬

‫ﺯﻫﺮﺍ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ*‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺨﺮﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪E-mail*: nasrolaz@yahoo.com‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ -1393/10/25 :‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‪1394/02/03 :‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ "ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ" ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻮﻡﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼـﺮﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷـﻬﺮﻱ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳـﺖﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺁﻣـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪﺍﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﺑﺎﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﭼﺮﺧـﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﻳـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﺰﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ "ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ"‪ 1‬ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﻋــﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺖﻫــﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻡﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺴـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻣـﻲﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴـﺮﻩ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺍﻧﺴـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪-2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫*ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‬
 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﮕـﺎﻩ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨـﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻮﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳـﭙﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳـﺖﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺟﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﺑﺨـﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳـﺖﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﭘـﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺷﺸﺸـﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼــﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨــﺶ ﭘﺎﻳــﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻼﺻــﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬
‫‪ -1-2‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
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‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .2‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧـﺮژﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ )ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﻳـﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺩﺑﻴـﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮﺩ )ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ )ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ(‪ 3‬ﻭ ﻛﻼﻥ )ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﺍﻱ( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ )‪ Gibbs and Deutz, 2007‬؛ ‪.(Roberts, 2004‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻜــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣــﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻗــﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳــﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺷـﻬﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪﺭﻳــﺰﻱﻫــﺎﻱ ﺷــﻬﺮﻱ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑــﻪﻭﻳــﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄــــﻲ ﻣﻨﻔــــﻲ ﻧﺎﺷــــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣــــﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨــــﺪ‬
‫)‪ .(puente, et al, 2007 Ruize‬ﺍﮔــﺮ ﭼــﻪ ﻣﻜــﺎﻥﻳــﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻧــﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼــﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﻣـﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣــﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼــﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳــﻚ ﻧﺎﺣﻴــﻪ ﻛﻮﭼــﻚ ﺷــﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ )‪ .(Fernandez, 2009:87‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻴﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻣﺰﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨــﮓ ﻛﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔــﺮ ﭼــﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﺣﻤــﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘــﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻫﻨـﻮﺯ ﻫـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺍﺩﺑﻴـﺎﺕ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺮ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑـﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄــﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄــﻲ ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﻠــﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨـﺎﻳﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻓـﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻟـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻃــﺮﺡﻫــﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻃــﺮﺡﻫــﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻘــﻪﺑﻨــﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒـﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷــﻬﺮﻙﻫــﺎﻱ ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨــﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫)ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ(‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺒﺮﮔـﺎﻥ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳـﺎﺗﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﺳـﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺣـﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﻖ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ .1‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻋــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔــﺮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔــﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨــﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪0/15‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0/26‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ -2-2‬ﭼﮕــﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳــﺖﺑﻨــﺪﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳــﻪ‬
‫‪0/1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪0/09‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪0/12‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪0/07‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫‪0/185‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪1394‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .1‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒـﻲ‬

‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ )ﺩﺍﻭﺩﭘـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .(1388‬ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﻣـﻲﻛﻮﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬـﻢﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .2‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

‫‪0/667‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=10, b=18,c=24,d=30‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ(‬
‫‪0/34‬‬ ‫‪a=40, b=60,c=70,d=80‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=20,c=30‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺩ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬
‫‪0/444‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ )ﺩﺭﺟﻪ(‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=2,c=5,d=8‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﺩﺷﺘﻲ‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫‪0/5‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﻞ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻞ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪0/5‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰ‬
‫‪0/417‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻮﻕﻫﺎ‬
‫‪0/25‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪0/8‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=1, b=5‬‬
‫‪a=1, b=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=1, b=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=1, b=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=1, b=10‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪0/5‬‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ‬
‫‪0/667‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=0.4, c=1‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪0/333‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=.5, c=1‬‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫‪0/6‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=0.25,c=1‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=2,c=10‬‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1,c=3‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1,c=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫=‪a=0, b=3,c‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪0/283‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪0/849‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=3,c=5‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪1394‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬

‫‪0/629‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ‬
‫‪0/253‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=20,c=50‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫‪a=0, b=350,c=500‬‬
‫‪0/744‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪a=0, b=20,c=50‬‬
‫‪0/324‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=30,c=75‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=450,c=800‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=400,c=700‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=350,c=500‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪0/625‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪0/25‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪0/443‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫‪0/667‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1,c=4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=2,c=4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1,c=4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﺮگﻭﻣﻴﺮ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a=2, b=10‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=2, b=4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫‪0/243‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=0.5‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﻮﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫‪0/95‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬
‫‪0/9‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬

‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪a=0, b=1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺿﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴــﻚﻫــﺎ ﺗﺼــﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﭼﻨــﺪ ﻫﺪﻓــﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻨــﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺪﻓـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﺎً ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺼـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﭼﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻳـﺎ ﻗـﻮﺕ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺷـﻮﺍﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨــﺪ ﺟﻤــﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ‪ (FAHP)4‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1-2-2‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒـﻲ ﻭ ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺒــﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫‪38‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴــﺎﺕ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺣــﻮﺯﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺍﻭﺯﻥﺩﻫــﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪) AHP‬ﺍﻋـﺪﺍﺩ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ( ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﻋﻀـﻮ ‪ x‬ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﻋـﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺎﺯﻩ ]‪ [0,1‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ ﻓـﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ AHP‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ )ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﭼـﻲ‪ .(1390 ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫‪ AHP‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1970‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﻱ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻳﻖ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻛﻤــﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴــﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻀﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺕﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺷـﻦ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫)ﻗﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ‪ .(1385 ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ‬

‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ ‪ x‬ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﻋـﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﻣــﻲﺩﻫــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳــﻚ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻓــﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺧﺮﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻣﻼً ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻤـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼٌ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫)ﺁﺫﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺟﻲ‪ .(1386 ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺧﻄﻲ‪ :6‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-2-2-2‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻪ )ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ( ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺑﺴـﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣـﺪ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ (a‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪AHP‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ )‪ (b‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ )ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪﺍﻱ(‪ :8‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻂ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪1394‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺴﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ ﻣﺸـﻐﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ 12389‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺷـﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4-2‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﺒـﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟـﺪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻟﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺎﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻻﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻟﻔﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺗﻔـﺎﻕ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 18‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 24‬ﻭ‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑـﺎﻻ )‪ (a‬ﻭ ﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ (b‬ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ c‬ﻭ‪ (d‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :Gamma‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ a‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ‪ K‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :S‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑـﺎﻻ )‪ (a‬ﻭ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪(b‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ ‪ m‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑــﻊ ‪ :Gussian‬ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ‪ m‬ﻭ ‪ k‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑــﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳــﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺯﻧﮕﻮﻟﻪ ‪ Gauss‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‪ k‬ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‬
‫ﺯﻧﮕﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑــﻊ ﻧﻤــﺎﻳﻲ ‪ :Pesudo‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑــﻊ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ m‬ﻭ ‪ k‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪،Gausian‬‬
‫ﺍﮔــﺮ ‪ k‬ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑــﺪ ﺯﻧﮕﻮﻟــﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳــﻚﺗــﺮ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‬
‫)‪.(Fernandez,2009:92‬‬
‫‪ -3-2‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺍﻧـﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﺯﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳـﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴــﺎﺱ ﺑــﺰﺭگ ﺍﻣﻜــﺎﻥﭘــﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬
‫)‪ .(Roberts, 2004‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﻜـﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺷــﻬﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 1364‬ﺗﺎﺳــﻴﺲ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘــﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺳـﻌﺖ ﺁﻥ ‪686‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ‪ 490‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ‪ 477‬ﻫﻜﺘـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ‪ 13‬ﻫﻜﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ‪ 458‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛـﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﻮﻓـﺎﻥ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ )‪ (1‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭ ﺧــﺎﻙ ﻟــﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿــﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴ ـﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﻛـﺰ ﻣﺴـﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤــﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴــﺖ ﻭ ﻗــﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄــﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣــﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻤـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 0/8‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬
‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﻪ ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴــﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫــﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺩﻓـﻊ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿـﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧـﺮژﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ .‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺮﺍﻳﺐ ‪ 0/629‬ﻭ ‪0/625‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪1394‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ‪ 30‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻗـﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪ 18‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 24‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 30‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ T2‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 2‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ‪ T2‬ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﺑـﺎﻻ )‪ (a‬ﻭ ﺣـﺪ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ (b‬ﻭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫)‪ c‬ﻭ‪ (d‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 10‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ a‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 30‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ d‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒـﻖ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 24‬ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ‪ b‬ﻭ ‪ c‬ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ‪ c ، b ، a‬ﻭ ‪ d‬ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ‪ T2‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ NETWEAVER‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‪ :‬ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ NETWEAVER‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 3-2‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷـﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ Ã‬ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ Ã‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ‪ µÃ=1‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻣﻼً ﺩﺭ ‪ Ã‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ‪ µÃ‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼٌ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ Ã‬ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺗـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳـﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼـﻪ‬
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 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .2‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ )ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪(Fernandez, 2009 :‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .3‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬

‫)‪ ،(L3‬ﺧﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭ )‪ ،(L4‬ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬

‫)‪ ،(T1‬ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪﺍﻱ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ )‪ ،(T2‬ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ )‪ (P1‬ﻭ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ )‪ ،(L1‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ )‪ .(P2‬ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭ )‪ ،(L2‬ﺧﻄﻲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1394‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻣـﺎﻫﺮ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ(‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻥ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺳـﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻋـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟـﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺴﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﺤﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﻙ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻳـﺰﺩ – ﺍﺭﺩﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﺤﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ )ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ( ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻃـﺮﺡﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻃـﺮﺡﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪1394‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﻣﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻـﺮﻓﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻋــﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻣــﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﻲ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻫـﻴﭻ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﺿـﺮﺍﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺍﺷـﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻓـﺎﺭﻍﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻼﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺨﺼـﺺ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺟﻮﺍﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ )‪ (2/6‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺳـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷـﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻓـﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑـﻪﺷـﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻳـﺰﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
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 ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻗﻬﻔﺮﺧﻲ‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧﻪ )ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴـﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺁﺫﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﻟﻮ ﻓﺮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﺖ‪ "(1386) ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ( ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺯﻱ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ‪ 0/718‬ﻭ ‪ 0/701‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪" (1388) ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥﮔﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﭘـﺎﺭﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺍﺛـﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ GIS‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺩﻩ ﺷـﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ" ﻣﺠﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳـﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﭼــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤــﻮﺩ‪ " (1390) ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨــﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻲ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ" ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﺎﻧﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﺍﻭﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .3‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻗﺪﺳﻲ ﭘـﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴـﻦ‪" (1385) ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒـﻲ )‪ "(AHP‬ﻧﺸـﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴـﺮ )ﭘﻠــﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ(‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0/566‬‬ ‫‪0/647‬‬ ‫‪0/701‬‬ ‫‪0/718‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬

‫‪- Ferna´ndez, R., (2009) "Descriptive Model and‬‬

‫‪Evaluation System to locate Sustainable Industrial‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪Areas" Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, pp87–100.‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫‪- Gibbs, D., & Deutz, P., (2007) "Reflections on‬‬
‫‪implementing industrial ecology through eco-‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫‪industrial park development" Journal of Cleaner‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺷـﺘﻐﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫‪Production 15, 1683-1695.‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﮔـﺬﺍﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪- Parka, H.-S., Renea, E. R., Choia, S.-M., & Chiu,‬‬
‫‪A. S. F. (2008) "Strategies for Sustainable‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Development of Industrial Park in Ulsan,South‬‬
‫‪Korea- From Spontaneous Evolution to Systematic‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪Expansion of Industrial Symbiosis" Journal of‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﺑـﻪﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬
‫‪Environmental Management, 87, 1–13.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪- Roberts, B. H. (2004) "The application of‬‬
‫‪industrial ecology principles and planning‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪guidelines for the development of eco-industrial‬‬
‫‪parks: an Australian case study" Journal of Cleaner‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ )ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴـﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫‪Production 12, 997–1010.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ( ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
‫‪-Ruiz Puente, M. C. e. a. (2007) "The Development‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮﻙ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫‪of a New Methodology Based on GIS and Fuzzy‬‬
‫‪Logic to Locate Sustainable Industrial Areas" Paper‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪presented at the Geographic Information Science.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫& ‪- Ruiz, M. c., E.Romero, Perez, M. A.,‬‬
‫‪I.Fernandez. (2011) "Development and Aplication‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫـﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫‪of a Multi- Criteria Spatial Decision Support‬‬
‫‪System Planning Sustainable Industrial area in‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫‪Northern Spain" Automation in Construction.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪- WWW.IRANIEC.IR‬‬

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