Competency Based Learning Material: Computer Systems Institute

1
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Computer Systems Institute

F. Imperial St. Kapantawan, Legazpi City
Sector:
ICT
Qualification:
Computer Programming NC IV
Unit of Competency:
APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE
Module Title:
APPLYING PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE
Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Institute February 15, 2012 Issued by: Page:
Developed by: 1
ICT313331 Jeffrey A. Esmundo Revision # ____
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COMPUTER SYSTEMS INSTITUTE
CSI-Legazpi
F. Imperial St., Kapantawan, Legazpi City Tel. No. (052) 481-1534
E-Mail: csilegazpi@yahoo.com Website: www.csileg.com
How to use this Competency-Based Learning Material
Welcome to the APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE.

This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency "APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND

LANGUAGE" contains the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Computer
Programming. It is one of the core competencies at National Certificate IV (NC IV) level.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information
Sheets and Resource Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading to help you
better understand the required activities. Follow these activities on your own and answer
the self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer
sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your
answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
learner's guide because you have:
 been working for some time

 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular
outcome, you don't have to do the same training again.
Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competence from previous training, show it to you r trainer.
If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they
may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the
currency of your skills, discuss this with your trainer.

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After completing this module ask your trainer to assess your competency. Result
of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities
are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
Inside this learner's guide you will find the activities for you to complete and at the
back are the relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning
outcome may have more than one learning activities.
At the back of this learner's guide is a Learner Diary. Use this diary to record
important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in
providing further details to your trainer or an assessor. A Record of Achievement is
also provided for your trainer to complete once you complete the module.

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MODULE CONTENT
Unit of Competency Apply Programming Skills in a Second Language

Module Applying Programming Skills in a Second Language
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
Computer programming is a field that has to do with the analytical creation

of source code that can be used to configure computer systems. Computer programmers
may choose to function in a broad range of programming functions, or specialize in some
aspect of development, support, or maintenance of computers for the home or
workplace. Programmers provide the basis for the creation and ongoing function of the
systems that many people rely upon for all sorts of information exchange, both business
related and for entertainment purposes.
The computer programmer often focuses on the development of software that
allows people to perform a broad range of functions. All online functions that are utilized
in the home and office owe their origins to a programmer or group of
programmers. Computer operating systems, office suites, word processing programs,
and even Internet dialing software all exist because of the work of programmers.
In this course you will learn how to form a simple C program and expose to C
language step by step. Additionally, you will learn more about the “fundamentals of C
language”.
NOMINAL DURATION: 42 Hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module you must be able to:
 Apply basic language syntax and layout.

 Code using standard algorithms

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 Debug code
 Document Activities
 Test Code
LEARNING OUTCOME #1: SELECT THE PROGRAM LOGIC DESIGN APPROACH
CONTENTS:
1. Semantics and Syntax

2. Elements of Programming
3. Program Control Structure
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Observed basic language syntax rules and best practice based on the
standard of specific programming language.
2. Used language data types, operators and expressions based on the standard
of specific programming language.
3. Used appropriate language syntax for sequence, selection and iteration
constructs based on the standard of specific programming language.
CONDITION:
Trainee must be provided with the following:
1.Workplace
2.Equipment
 Computer set with Dev C++ compiler installed
3.Learning materials
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1.Written test
2.Practical test
3.Oral questioning

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Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Semantics and Syntax (1.1-1) Perform all activities required by the module
2. Answer Self-Check for 1.1-1 Compare answers with the answer key.
You are required to get all answers correct.
If not, read the information sheets again to
answer all questions correctly.
3. Read Elements of programming (1.1-2) Answer Self-Check 1.1-2 & perform Job
Sheet 1.1-2a, Job Sheet 1.1-2b, Job Sheet
1.1-2c, and Job Sheet 1.1-2d after reading
Information Sheet 1.1-2
5. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-2a Approach the trainer to check the work
done
6. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-2b Approach the trainer to check the work
done
7. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-2c Approach the trainer to check the work
done
8. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-2d Approach the trainer to check the work
done
9. Read Elements of programming (1.1-3) Answer Self-Check 1.1-3 & perform Job
Sheet 1.1-3a, Job Sheet 1.1-3b, Job Sheet
1.1-3c, and Job Sheet 1.1-3d after reading
Information Sheet 1.1-3

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done
done
13. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-3c Approach the trainer to check the work
done
14. Perform Job Sheet 1.1-3d Approach the trainer to check the work
done
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

“Semantic and Syntax”
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify and
understand C Language, its origin, and the skeleton of a C Program.
Please refer to Semantic and Syntax.
Semantic and Syntax
What is C Language?
C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed in 1972 by
Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating
system.
Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used
for developing portable application software.
C is one of the most popular programming languages and there are very few
computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist. C has greatly influenced
many other popular programming languages, most notably C++, which began as an
extension to C.
History of C
The milestones in C's development as a language are listed below:
 UNIX developed c. 1969 -- DEC PDP-7 Assembly Language
 BCPL -- a user friendly OS providing powerful development tools developed from
BCPL. Assembler tedious long and error prone.
 A new language ``B'' a second attempt. c. 1970.

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 A totally new language ``C'' a successor to ``B''. c. 1971
 By 1973 UNIX OS almost totally written in ``C''.
Characteristics of C
The following are the C’s characteristics that define the language and also have lead to
its popularity as a programming language.
 Small size
 Extensive use of function calls
 Loose typing -- unlike PASCAL
 Structured language
 Low level (BitWise) programming readily available
 Pointer implementation - extensive use of pointers for memory, array, structures
and functions.
C has now become a widely used professional language for various reasons.
 It has high-level constructs.
 It can handle low-level activities.
 It produces efficient programs.
 It can be compiled on a variety of computers.
A program skeleton may be utilized as a template that reflects syntax and structures
commonly used in a wide class of problems.
Header File Declaration

Constant Variable Declaration
Function Prototype
Global Variable Declaration and link list
main(){
Local variable declaration
Statement/body
}
Functions…
Header File

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Declaration is used to announce the existence of the element to the compiler; this
is important in many strongly-typed languages (such as C) that require variables and
their types to be specified with a declaration before use.
The C programming language uses libraries as its primary method of extension. In
C, a library is a set of functions contained within a single "archive" file. Each library
typically has a header file, which contains the prototypes of the functions contained
within the library that may be used by a program, and declarations of special data types
and macro symbols used with these functions. In order for a program to use a library, it
must include the library's header file, and the library must be linked with the program,
which in many cases requires compiler flags (e.g., -lm, shorthand for "math library").
Some programming languages (most notably C, C++, and Objective-C) use
header files. These files allow programmers to separate certain elements of a program's
source code into reusable files. Header files commonly contain forward declarations of
classes, subroutines, variables, and other identifiers. Programmers who wish to declare
standardized identifiers in more than one source file can place such identifiers in a single
header file, which other code can then include whenever the header contents are
required. This is to keep the interface in the header separate from the implementation.
The C standard library and C++ standard library traditionally declare their standard
functions in header files.
Ex.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostrem.h>
Constant Variable
A constant variable is an identifier whose associated value cannot typically be
altered by the program during its execution (though in some cases this can be
circumvented, e.g. using self-modifying code). Many programming languages make an
explicit syntactic distinction between constant and variable symbols.
Although a constant's value is specified only once, a constant may be referenced many
times in a program. Using a constant instead of specifying a value multiple times in the
program can not only simplify code maintenance, but it can also supply a meaningful
name for it and consolidate such constant bindings to a standard code location (for
example, at the beginning).
Ex.
#define PI 3.1416
#define zero 0
#define one 1

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Function
A function (also called procedure, subroutine, routine, method, or subprogram) is
a portion of code within a larger program that performs a specific task and is relatively
independent of the remaining code.
Function Prototype is a declaration of a function that omits the function body but
does specify the function's name, arity, argument types and return type. While a function
definition specifies what a function does, a function prototype can be thought of as
specifying its interface.
Ex.
int fac(int no);
void sam(int x);
Global Variable
A global variable is a variable that is accessible in every scope (unless
shadowed). Interaction mechanisms with global variables are called global environment
(see also global state) mechanisms. The global environment paradigm is contrasted with
the local environment paradigm, where all variables are local with no shared memory
(and therefore all interactions can be reconducted to message passing).
They are usually considered bad practice precisely because of their non-locality: a global
variable can potentially be modified from anywhere (unless they reside in protected
memory or are otherwise rendered read-only), and any part of the program may depend
on it.[1] A global variable therefore has an unlimited potential for creating mutual
dependencies, and adding mutual dependencies increases complexity. See action at a
distance. However, in a few cases, global variables can be suitable for use. For example,
they can be used to avoid having to pass frequently-used variables continuously
throughout several functions.
Global variables are used extensively to pass information between sections of code that
do not share a caller/callee relation like concurrent threads and signal handlers.
Languages (including C) where each file defines an implicit namespace eliminate most of
the problems seen with languages with a global namespace though some problems may
persist without proper encapsulation. Without proper locking (such as with a mutex),
code using global variables will not be thread-safe except for read only values in
protected memory.
Ex.
struct account {

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int account_number;
char *first_name;
char *last_name;
float balance;
};
main() Function
The main function is where a program starts execution. It is responsible for the
high-level organization of the program's functionality, and typically has access to the
command arguments given to the program when it was executed.
Ex.
Int main(){ void main(){

Statement; or Statement;
} }
Local Variable
A local variable is a variable that is given local scope. Such a variable is

accessible only from the function or block in which it is declared. In programming
languages with only two levels of visibility, local variables are contrasted with global
variables, on the other hand, many ALGOL-derived languages allow any number of
levels of nested functions with private variables, functions, constants and types hidden
within them.
In most languages, local variables are automatic variables stored on the call stack
directly. This means that when a recursive function calls itself, local variables in each
instance of the function are given separate memory address space. Hence variables of
this scope can be declared, written to, and read, without any risk of side-effects to
processes outside of the block in which they are declared.
Ex.
Int x;
Char y;
Float z;

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Self-Check 1.1-1
Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. A ____________ may be utilized as a template that reflects syntax and structures

a. Variable b. Programming c. Program skeleton d. Program
2. In C, a _____ is a set of functions contained within a single "archive" file.
a. Variable b. function prototype c. Library d. file header
3. _____________ is a portion of code within a larger program that performs a
specific task and is relatively independent of the remaining code.
a. File Header b. Function c. Variable d. Statement
4. ___________ is a variable which is accessible only from the function or block in
which it is declared.
a. local variable b. global variable c. header d. function
5. The _________ is where a program starts the execution.
a. function b. local variable c. global variable d. main function
6. ___________ is a variable that is accessible in every scope.
a. local variable b. library c. global variable d. constant variable
7. A ____________ is an identifier whose associated value cannot typically be
altered by the program during its execution.
a. global variable b. constant variable c. local variable d. function
8. __________ is an example of a basic file header that can be used in most of C
Language compilers.

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a. #include<stdio.h> b.#includeme<stdnio.s> c. #include<stxvt.a>
9. Header files commonly contain forward declarations of ____________.
a. classes b. variables c. subroutines d. identifiers e. all a to d
10. __________ is a declaration of a function that omits the function body but does
specify the function's name, arity, argument types and return type.
a. function b. function prototype c. header file d. variable
Answer Key
Self-Check 1.1-1
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. E
10. B

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“Elements of Programming”
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainee must identify, understand and
apply all basic elements of programming.
Basic elements of programming:
 Variables: These will how data is represented. It can range from something very
simple, such as the age of a person, to something very complex, such as a record
of university students holding their names, ages, addresses, what courses they
have taken, and the marks obtained.
 Loops: This will allow us to carry out execution of a group of commands a certain
number of times.
 Conditionals: This will specify execution of a group of statements depending on
whether or not some condition is satisfied.
 Input/Output: This will allow interaction of the program with external entities. This
might be as simple as printing something out to the terminal screen, or capturing
some text the user types on the keyboard, or it can involve reading and/or writing
to files.
 Operators: Programming languages typically support a set of operators:
operations which differ from the language's functions in calling syntax and/or
argument passing mode. Common examples that differ by syntax are
mathematical arithmetic operations, e.g. ">" for "greater than", with names often
outside the language's set of identifiers for functions, and called with a syntax
different from the language's syntax for calling functions. Common examples that
differ by argument passing mode are boolean operations, e.g. a short-circuiting

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conjunction that only evaluates later arguments if earlier ones are not false, in a
language with strict call-by-value functions.
 Subroutines and functions: This will allow you to put oft-used snippets of code
into one location which can then be used over and over again.
Variables represent some segment of memory location in computer. Different values

placed in the storage depend on the value type. Variable should be declared prior to
storage of any values.
To write a program, we must select names for variables or identifiers to store data
and to give name in a high-level language. It must satisfy the following rules:
 It must start with letters A-Z or a-z or an underscore character
 It must consist of only letters A-Z or a-z, digits 0-9 and underscore character
 It must not be a keyword
 C is case-sensitive, i.e. Value and value are not the same
 Must begin with non-digit character, i.e. 2nd chance is invalid
Reserved words:
auto double int struct

break else long switch
case enum register typedef
char extern return union
const float short unsigned
continue for signed void
default goto sizeof volatile
do if static while
2 values in C
1. Numeric value – these are the number values

2. Character Value – consists of a letter or any other character surrounded by
single quote.
Data type is some reserved words used to specify a value. Different storage
space would be allocated depends on data type.
Integral Data Type

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Integral data types allow only integral or whole numbers with no decimal points.
Integral data type can be signed or unsigned. The signed integral data type means that
the value may be either positive or negative. Generally, we do not need to specify
whether a variable is signed because that is the default. The unsigned data type means
the number may only be positive.
Integral data type may also be either short or long, whereby it tells the computer
the size of the integral number. In most of the cases, short is 16bits and long is 32bits.
Floating-point Data Type
Real numbers, those numbers with decimal points, are stored a floating-point data
types. For floating-point values, the computer stores mantissa and the exponent. The
memory space allocated to the number is fixed, depending on the data type we declare,
and is divided between mantissa and exponent.
There are three different floating-point data types: float, double, and long double.
These data types are differ from each other in terms of the size. Generally, a float is
32bits, a double is 64bits, and a long double is 80bits. Unlike integral data-types,
floating-point data types always allow positive or negative values, and so cannot have
signed or unsigned.
Basic Data Types in C:
1. Integer – int
2. Floating-point – float
3. Character – char
Declaration – is the process of reserving memory allocation on your computer.
Declaration
Whenever we use a value or a variable, we will declare it and its data type.
Variables must be explicitly declared before they are used. Each declaration statement in
C must end with a semicolon. There are various way of declaring a variables, and the
following are some examples:
Syntax:
Data_type Variable_name;
Examples:
int number;
int NetPay;

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float real;
float Rno;
char letter;
Arithmetic Expression
In c arithmetic expression is anything that can be simplified into a single value,

such as formulas. An arithmetic expression consists of values and or variables
connected by arithmetic operators, which tell the computer how to combine the values.
Arithmetic Operators in precedence
Level Type Associativity Operator Symbol Example

I Unary Right to left Negate - -14
Plus + +4
II Multiplicative Left to right Multiply * 3*3
Divide / 10/5
Remainder % 4%2
III Additive Left to right Add + 2+3
Subtract - 10-9
IV Assignment Right to left Equals = A=10
Integer Arithmetic
C performs its arithmetic to the data-types on which it is currently operating. If the
data-types in a particular operation are integer then the result will also be integer. When
dividing an integer the result will be an integer – a truncated version of what a floating-
point division would yield. The result of expression 3/2 is 1. Not 1.5. Since both 3 and 2
are integers, an integer calculation will be done, producing an integer result. There is not
a round-off but a truncation; the result is not 2 but 1.
The remainder (or modulus) operator - % symbol, is valid only with positive
integers. The result of is the remainder after dividing the value before the operator by the
value after the operator. The result of an expression 5 % 3 is 2 because 5 divided by 3 is
1 with the remainder of 2. The following are more examples of remainder operation in C.
Example:
13 % 3 = 1;
1 % 5 = 1;
1 % 3 = 1;
8 % 3 = 2;

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Assignment
As mentioned earlier, a variable identifies spaces in main memory. These spaces
are variable because they can contain various and changeable values. Putting a value
into one of these spaces is known as assignment. We usually refer to assigning a value
to a variable, but technically, we are writing a value into the memory space identified by
the variable.
Sometime, we must also make assignment as part of our program. For example,
we wish to store the results of calculation in variable, but all of them follow this
fundamental of rule:
A variable may have only one at a time
We may assign many different values to a variable, but each time we do, we write
to the memory space reserved for that variable. The standard assignment operator is the
equal sign (=). The following are some valid assignment statements.
Example:
X = 17;
X = (y+4)/2;
Total = GrossPay + OvertimeAmount;
Building Simple C program

Output
Output in C displays messages and values on screen. The printf() function is used
to produced output. When use the printf() function to display something appropriate
conversion code should be included depends on the type of values to be displayed. The
size modifier enables a programmer to format the output for variable.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
printf(“hello world!”);
}
Conversion Codes

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Conversion codes in C are used to reserve space in the output for some other
values to print – the value of a variable or expression, and to show how those values
should be converted to characters and printed. All conversion codes begin with a % sign
symbol and with a type specifier. A list of conversion codes for printf() is found in Table
1-4.
Table 1-4: Data Type Specifiers for printf()
SPECIFIER DATA TYPES SAMPLE OUTPUT
c char “%c”, ‘A’ A
d int “%d”, 123 123
i int “%i”, 345 345
f float or double “%f”, 123.45 123.450000
g float or double “%g”, 123.98 123.45
Size Modifiers
Size modifier normally appears before the type specifier. We may set the
minimum width of a print field by putting a number before the type specifier, if one exists.
The format of the size modifier with width and precision is as below.
%[width][precission][size]specifier
Table 1-5: Size Modifiers
Statement Output
“%4i”, 123 *123
“%04i”, 123 0123
“%8.2f”, 12.345 ***12.34
“%.2f”, 1234.567 1234.56
“%1.2f”, 1234.23 1234.23
“%5.1”, 12.3678 12.4
Output Examples:
1). printf(“HELLO WORLD!”);

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2). int x = 1;
printf(“the value of x is %i”, x);
3). float y = 5.4;
printf(“the value of y is %f”, y);
Input
The input in C enables the user to enter values for e.g. data entry. The function
enables programmer to prompt for data entry during program execution. Appropriate
conversion codes should be specified in order to display the required value. Consider the
following example:
scanf(“control_string”, [ampersand][variable]);
or
scanf(“%f”, &x);
The scanf() function takes input characters and then divide them into sets of
characters to convert to appropriate data types for the locations. The ampersands (&) in
front of the variable is the locations in main memory – the memory addresses of the
variable.
Conversion Codes
When the scanf(); function executes, it matches the character in the input stream
with the characters in the control string. A single conversion code in the control string will
match input characters following the steps below:
1. Leading white space characters (spaces, tabs, and newlines) are skipped (except
for type specifier C). A previous scanf() will leave a newline in the input stream.
2. Subsequent characters will be takenfor conversion and assignment up to the first
character that is appropriate for the data type.
Prompts
The printf() before the scanf() is known as prompt. The printf() exist to display
something on the screen to tell the person at the keyboard what to type.
Flushing the Input Stream

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If the person at the keyboard is not careful to give responses that fit the control
string in the scanf(), there is a chance that extra characters will be left in the input stream
waiting to be converted by the next scanf().
Sample Programs:
Program 1-1:
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int i;
long l;
float f;
double d;
printf(“Enter a values for an int and a long: ”);
scanf(“%i %li”, &I, &l);
printf(“Your int is %i and long is %li\n\n”, i,l);
printf(“Now, enter values for float and a double: ”);

scanf(“%f %f”, &f, &d);
printf(“Your float is %f and double is %f\n\n”, f,d);
}
Output:
Enter value for an int and a long: 524 79735
Your int is 524 and long is 79735
Now, enter values for float and a double: 12.345 12.34567890123

Your float is 12.345000 and double is 12.345 12.34567890123
Program 1-2:
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int x, y, ans;
printf(“Enter a number: “);
scanf(“%i”, &x);
printf(“Enter another number: ”);
scanf(“%i”, &y);
ans = x + y;
printf(“The sum of %i + %i is: %i”, x, y, ans);
}

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Output
Enter a number: 5
Enter another number: 10
The sum of 5 + 10 is: 15
Relational Operators
Relational operator is a programming language construct or operator that tests or
defines some kind of relation between two entities. These include
numerical equality (e.g., 5 = 5) and inequalities (e.g., 4 ≥ 3). In programming languages
that include a distinct boolean data type in their type system, like Java, these operators
return true or false, depending on whether the conditional relationship between the
two operands holds or not. In other languages such as C, relational operators return the
integers 0 or 1. Relational operators are used in conditions. Condition’s outcome is either
true or false.
Operator symbol Operator function/Meaning

< Is less than to
> Is greater than to
<= Is less than or equal to
>= Is greater than or equal to
== Is equal to
!= Not equal to
Ex.
1. x = 45; -> the value of variable x is equal to 45

y = 40; -> the value of variable y is equal to 40
y==x -> is y equal to x?
x<=y -> is x less than or equal to y?
x!=y -> is x not equal to y?
Logical Operators:
Operator Symbol Operator function/Meaning

|| OR
&& AND
! Logical Not
RULES:
OR Operator AND Operator

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True || True = True True && True = True
True || False = True True && False = False
False || True = True False && True = False
False || False = False False && False = False
Self-Check 1.1-2
Instruction: Matching type. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Input a. Anything that can be simplified into a

2. Less than single value, such as formulas.
3. Prompts b. Real numbers
4. Relational operator c. Assignment operator
5. Greater than or equal to d. The function used to produced output
6. Arithmetic Expression e. Integer
7. Declaration f. >=
8. AND Operator g. Consists of a letter or any other
9. printf() character surrounded by single quote
10. Floating-point h. data entry
11. Whole numbers i. These are the number values
12. Numeric j. The printf() exist to display something
13. Character value on the screen to tell the person at the
14. ! keyboard what to type.
15. = k. &&
l. <
m. The process of reserving memory
allocation on your computer.
n. An operator that tests or defines some
kind of relation between two entities.
o. Logical not

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Answer Key
Self-Check 1.1-2
1. h
2. l
3. j
4. n
5. f
6. a
7. m
8. k
9. d
10. b
11. e
12. i
13. g
14. o
15. c

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JOB SHEET 1.1-2a

Title: Apply output in programming.
Performance Objective:
The trainee/student should be able to apply output in programming for 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
1. Click start button
2. Select and click all programs.
3. Select and click bloodshed
4. Select and click Dev C++
5. Choose and use a valid header file with appropriate syntax
6. Use the main function with appropriate syntax
7. Inside the main function, Select and use the function used to display output
(your output should be your name) w/ appropriate syntax
8. Press F5 to compile & run the program
Note:
If in case there’s an error detected, debug the code.
Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist

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Job Sheet 1.1-2a
Trainee’s Name: ___________________________________ Date:

__________________
CRITERIA Yes No
1. Did the trainee found and click start button?
2. Did the trainee found and click all programs?
3. Did the trainee found and click bloodshed?
4. Did the trainee found and click Dev C++ Compiler?
5. Did the trainee choose and use a valid header file w/ appropriate
syntax?
6. Did the trainee use the main function with appropriate syntax?
7. Did the trainee choose and use the appropriate output function w/
appropriate syntax?
8. Did the trainee successfully compile and run the program?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-2b

Title: Declare variable and display its value.
The trainee/student should be able to declare the required variable and display its
value for 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Choose a valid variable name.
8. Declare a local variable with integer data type
9. Assign a whole number to the variable declared in procedure no. 7 with an
appropriate syntax
10. Select a conversion code corresponding to the variable’s data type
11. Use the conversion code to display the value of the variable with an appropriate
syntax.
12. Press F5 to compile and run the program
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-2b

__________________
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
7. Did the trainee choose a valid variable name?
8. Did the trainee declare a local variable with integer data type?
9. Did the trainee assign a whole number to the variable declared in
procedure no. 7 with an appropriate syntax?
10. Did the trainee select a conversion code corresponding to the
variable’s data type?
11. Did the trainee use the conversion code to display the value of the
variable with an appropriate syntax?
12. Did the trainee successfully compile & run the program?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-2c

Title: Use a variable as a storage location of input & display it
The trainee/student should be able to use the required variable as the storage
location of the user’s input for 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Choose a valid variable name.
8. Declare a local variable with a character data type
9. Use the printf() function to display “Enter a letter: ”
10. Use scanf() function to fetch user’s input w/ the appropriate string control.
11. Use printf() function to display the user’s input w/ the appropriate conversion
code.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-2c

__________________
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
7. Did the trainee choose a valid variable name?
8. Did the trainee declare a local variable with integer data type?
9. Did the trainee use printf() function to display “Enter a letter: ”?
10. Did the trainee use scanf() function to fetch user’s input w/ the
appropriate string control?
11. Did the trainee use printf() function to display the user’s input w/
the appropriate conversion code?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-2d

Title: Using expression to calculate user’s input and display the result
The trainee/student should be able to use mathematical operator in calculating the
required user’s input for 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Choose three valid variable names.
8. Declare the selected variable names with an integer data type
9. Use the printf() function to display “Enter a number1 : ”
10. Use scanf() function to fetch user’s input w/ the appropriate string control to
store the input to the first variable.
store the input to the second variable.
13. Use an expression that will assign the sum of the two variable’s value into the
third variable.
14. Use printf() function to display the value of the third variable w/ the appropriate
conversion code.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-2d
Trainee’s Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
7. Did the trainee choose three valid variable names?
8. Did the trainee declare the selected variable names with an
integer data type?
9. Did the trainee use printf() function to display “Enter a letter1: ”?
appropriate string control to store the input to the first variable?
11. Did the trainee use the printf() function to display “Enter a
number2 : ”?
appropriate string control to store the input to the second
variable?
13. Did the trainee use an expression that will assign the sum of the
two variable’s value into the third variable?
14. Did the trainee use printf() function to display the value of the
third variable w/ the appropriate conversion code
15. Press F5 to compile and run the program?

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“Program Control Structure”
Learning Objective:
1. Identify and apply the operators that can be use in creating condition.
2. Identify and apply the three control structures.
3. Apply calculation based on loops.
Structured Programming
The technique of structured programming simplifies the programming process by

using only three types of programming patterns, called control structures, to build
programs.
The Three Control Structures or program constructs:
 Sequence – The instructions are executed in a serial manner, one after another.
 Selection – It provides a decision point that enables the program to choose one
between two or more pathways.
 Iteration – Repeats a set of instructions a number of times based on the condition
stated.
Condition
A condition enables the program to perform certain task base on the outcome of
evaluation. The statements would not be in any sequence whereby some statements
might be not executed. Execution is normally base on the outcome of conditions – true or
false. A condition contains one or more comparisons that relate one to another.
Relational and Equality Operators
< Less than

> Greater than
<= Less than or equal to
>= Greater than or equal to
== Equal to

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!= Not equal to
Ex.
6<10
10>2
5<=10
10>=10
0!=1
A==B
Logical Operators
|| OR
&& AND
! Logical Not
Ex.
6<10 || 10>5
34!=10 && X==5
1. Sequence – You have encounter already this kind of program constructs from the
previous information.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
int number;
printf(“Enter a number: ”);
scanf(“%i”, &number);
printf(“You entered %i”, number);
}
2. Selection - under selection structure, we have two kinds of statements that we can
use:
 If & else statement
Syntax:
 Single if – the body of if statement will be executed only if the
condition’s.
Syntax:

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if(condition){
statement/body;
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x;
printf(“Enter number: ”);
if(number>=5){
printf(“You entered a value greater than four”);
}
getch();
}
 If & else – the body of “if” will be executed if the condition’s outcome
is true, if false, the body of “else” statement will be executed.
Syntax:
if(condition){
body/statement;
}
Else{
Body/statement;
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x;
printf(“Enter number: ”);
if(number>=5){
printf(“You entered a value greater than four”);
}
else{
printf(“You entered a value less than five”);
}
getch();

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}
 If, else if & else – if the condition’s outcome of “if” statement is true,
its body will be executed but if not it will test the condition of “else if”
statement, if it is true it will be executed and if not it will execute the
body of “else” statement.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x;
printf(“Enter number from 1 - 3: ”);
if(number==1){
printf(“You entered one”);
}
else if(number==2){
printf(“You entered two”);
}
else if(number==3){
printf(“You entered three”);
}
else{
printf(“Invalid Input!”);
}
getch();
}
 Switch case statement

Syntax:
switch(basis){
case 1: statement;
break;
case 2: statement;
break;
case n: statement:
break;
default: statement;
break;
}
Example:

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#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x;
printf(“Enter a number from 1 - 3: ”);
switch(x){
case 1: printf(“you entered one”); break;
case 2: printf(“you entered two”); break;
case 3: printf(“you entered three”); break;
default: printf(“invalid input”); break;
}
getch();
}
3. Iteration
 Pre-test Loop - while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be
executed repeatedly based on a given boolean condition. The while loop can
be thought of as a repeating if statement.The while construct consists of a
block of code and a condition. The condition is evaluated, and if the condition
is true, the code within the block is executed. This repeats until the condition
becomes false. Because while loop checks the condition before the block is
executed.
Syntax:
while(condition){
statement;
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x=1;
while(x<=5){
printf(“%i ”,x);
x=x+1;
}
getch();
}
 Post-test Loop - is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed

repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. He do while construct consists
of a block of code and a condition. First, the code within the block is executed,

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and then the condition is evaluated. If the condition is true the code within the
block is executed again. This repeats until the condition becomes false.
Because do while loops check the condition after the block is executed.
Syntax:
do{
statement;
} while(condition);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x=1;
do {
x=x+1;
} while(x<=5);
getch();
}
 Counter-controlled Loop syntax – is a programming statement which allows

code to be repeatedly executed. Unlike many other kinds of loops, such as
the while loop, the for loop is often distinguished by an explicit loop counter or
loop variable. This allows the body of the for loop (the code that is being
repeatedly executed) to know about the sequencing of each iteration. For
loops are also typically used when the number of iterations is known before
entering the loop. For loops are shorthand way to make loops when the
number of iterations is known, as a for loop can be written as a while loop.
Syntax:
for(initialization;condition;counter){
statement;
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main(){
int x;
for(x=1;x<=5;x++) {
}
getch();
}

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Self-Check 1.1-3
Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It provides a decision point that enables the program to choose one between two
or more pathways.
a. Selection b. Iteration c. Sequence d. Loop
2. It enables the program to perform certain task base on the outcome of evaluation.
a. Loop b. Condition c. Sequence d. Expression
3. Repeats a set of instructions a number of times based on the condition stated.
a. Sequence b. Selection c. Iteration d. Loop
4. The instructions are executed in a serial manner, one after another.
a. Sequence b. Selection c. Condition d. Iteration
5. The technique of structured programming simplifies the programming process by
using only three types of programming patterns called _________.
a. Condition b. Control Structures c. Loop d. Database

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Answer key
Self-Check 1.1-3
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B

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JOB SHEET 1.1-3a

Title: Applying pre-test loop in programming to display statement repeatedly.
The trainee/student should be able to use a pre-test loop to display a statement to
the required number of times for 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Declare a valid variable with an integer data type
8. Use a relational operator to form a condition
9. Use a pretest loop to display “hello world” three times
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will increment the
value of the variable every time it loops.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-3a
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
7. Did the trainee declare three valid variables w/ appropriate data
types?
8. Did the trainee relational operators to form a condition?
9. Did the trainee use a pre-test loop to display “hello world” three
times
10. Did the trainee use mathematical operators to form an
expression that will increment the value of the variable every
time it loops?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-3b

Title: Applying post-test loop in programming to display statement repeatedly.
The trainee/student should be able to use a post-test loop to display a statement to
the required number of times for 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
9. Use a post-test loop to display “hello world” three times
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will increment the value
of the variable every time it loops.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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45

Job Sheet 1.1-3b
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
types?
9. Did the trainee use a post-test loop to display “hello world” three
times
time it loops?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-3c

Title: Applying counter-controlled loop in programming to display statement repeatedly.
The trainee/student should be able to use a counter-controlled loop to display a
statement to the required number of times for 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
9. Use a counter-controlled loop to display “hello world” three times
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will increment the value
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-3c
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
types?
9. Did the trainee use a counter-controlled loop to display “hello
world” three times
time it loops?

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JOB SHEET 1.1-3d

Title: Applying expression in calculation within the loop
The trainee/student should be able to use an expression to calculate the required
result within the loop for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Declare a valid & required variable with an integer data type
9. Decide and use which loop to be used(Nested Loop)
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will calculate the product
11. Use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion code to display the result every
time it loops that will form a multiplication table.
12. Use any selection statement to align the output identify and create next line.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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Job Sheet 1.1-3d
CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
7. Did the trainee declare a valid & required variable with an integer
data type?
8. Did the trainee use a relational operator to form a condition?
9. Did the trainee decide and use which loop to be used(Nested
Loop)
expression that will calculate the product of the variable every
time it loops?
11. Did the trainee use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion
code to display the result every time it loops that will form a
multiplication table?
14. Did the trainee use any selection statement to align the output
identify and create next line.
Plan
NOTE: *Critical Aspects of Competency
Prepared by: Date:

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Checked by: Date:
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Written Test
Competency Standard: Programming NC IV

Unit of Competency: Apply Programming Skills as a Second
Language
Type of Assessment Tool: Written
Name:____________________________ Date:_____________________________
Title: Basic language syntax rules and best practices are observed.
Test I: Multiple Choice
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. A ____________ may be utilized as a template that reflects syntax and structures

a. Variable b. Programming c. Program skeleton d. Program
2. In C, a _____ is a set of functions contained within a single "archive" file.
a. Variable b. function prototype c. Library d. file header
3. _____________ is a portion of code within a larger program that performs a
specific task and is relatively independent of the remaining code.
b. File Header b. Function c. Variable d. Statement
4. ___________ is a variable which is accessible only from the function or block in
which it is declared.
c. local variable b. global variable c. header d. function
5. The _________ is where a program starts the execution.
a. function b. local variable c. global variable d. main function
6. ___________ is a variable that is accessible in every scope.
a. local variable b. library c. global variable d. constant variable

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7. A ____________ is an identifier whose associated value cannot typically be
altered by the program during its execution.
a. global variable b. constant variable c. local variable d. function
8. __________ is an example of a basic file header that can be used in most of C
Language compilers.
a. #include<stdio.h> b.#includeme<stdnio.s> c. #include<stxvt.a>
9. Header files commonly contain forward declarations of ____________.
a. classes b. variables c. subroutines d. identifiers e. all a to d
10. __________ is a declaration of a function that omits the function body but does
specify the function's name, arity, argument types and return type.
a. function b. function prototype c. header file d. variable
Test II: Matching Type
Instruction: Matching type. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Input a. Anything that can be simplified into a

2. Less than single value, such as formulas.
3. Prompts b. Real numbers
4. Relational operator c. Assignment operator
5. Greater than or equal to d. The function used to produced output
6. Arithmetic Expression e. Integer
7. Declaration f. >=
8. AND Operator g. Consists of a letter or any other
9. printf() character surrounded by single quote
10. Floating-point h. data entry
11. Whole numbers i. These are the number values
12. Numeric j. The printf() exist to display something
13. Character value on the screen to tell the person at the
14. ! keyboard what to type.
15. = k. &&
l. <
m. The process of reserving memory
allocation on your computer.
n. An operator that tests or defines some
kind of relation between two entities.
o. Logical not

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Answer Key
Test I: Multiple Choice
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. E
10. B
Test II: Matching Type

1. h
2. l
3. j
4. n
5. f
6. a
7. m
8. k
9. d
10. b
11. e
12. i
13. g
14. o
15. c

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Observation & Questioning

Language
Type of Assessment Tool: Observation & Questioning
Name:____________________________ Date:_____________________________
Title: Language data-types, operators and expressions are used.
The trainee/student should be able to use mathematical operator in calculating the
required user’s input for 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
7. Choose three valid variable names.
8. Declare the selected variable names with an integer data type
store the input to the first variable.
store the input to the second variable.
13. Use an expression that will assign the sum of the two variable’s value into the
third variable.
14. Use printf() function to display the value of the third variable w/ the appropriate
conversion code.
Note:

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Assessment Method:
Trainee’s Name: _______________________________ Date: __________________
CRITERIA Yes No
5. Did the trainee choose and use a valid header file w/ appropriate syntax?
7. Did the trainee choose three valid variable names?
8. Did the trainee declare the selected variable names with an integer data
type?
9. Did the trainee use printf() function to display “Enter a letter1: ”?
appropriate string control to store the input to the first variable?
11. Did the trainee use the printf() function to display “Enter a number2 : ”?
appropriate string control to store the input to the second variable?
13. Did the trainee use an expression that will assign the sum of the two
variable’s value into the third variable?
14. Did the trainee use printf() function to display the value of the third
variable w/ the appropriate conversion code
15. Press F5 to compile and run the program?

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Observation & Questioning

Language
Type of Assessment Tool: Observation & Questioning
Name:____________________________ Date:_____________________________
Title: The appropriate language syntax for sequence, selection and iteration constructs
is used.
The trainee/student should be able to apply the three control structures and use an
expression to calculate the required result within the loop for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will calculate the product of
the variable every time it loops.
11. Use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion code to display the result every time
it loops that will form a multiplication table.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
data type?
9. Did the trainee decide and use which loop to be used(Nested Loop)
10. Did the trainee use mathematical operators to form an expression
that will calculate the product of the variable every time it loops?
11. Did the trainee use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion code
to display the result every time it loops that will form a multiplication
table?

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Demonstration & Questioning

Language
Type of Assessment Tool: Demonstration & Questioning
Name:____________________________ Date:_____________________________
Title: Application program are designed and built in accordance with systems and
programming requirements and standards
expression to calculate the required result within the loop for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
10. Use mathematical operators to form an expression that will calculate the product
11. Use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion code to display the result every
time it loops that will form a multiplication table.
Note:
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA Yes No
syntax?
data type?
9. Did the trainee decide and use which loop to be used(Nested
Loop)
expression that will calculate the product of the variable every
time it loops?
11. Did the trainee use printf() function w/ appropriate conversion
code to display the result every time it loops that will form a
multiplication table?

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Demonstration & Questioning

Language
Type of Assessment Tool: Demonstration & Questioning
Name:____________________________ Date:_____________________________
Title: Application or programs developed are tested and meets systems and/or user
specification
expression to calculate the required result within the loop for 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials:
 Bond Paper
 Ball pen
Equipment:
 Computer
Steps/Procedures:
On your pc…
5. Open you source code
6. Run your program
7. Test your program for errors
8. Explain the source codes
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA Yes No
5. Did the trainee open his/her own source code?
6. Did the trainee successfully run his/her program?
7. Did the trainee tests the program for errors?
8. Did the trainee explain the source code?

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Inventory of Tools
Print- Non-print
Competency Tools Equipments
materials Materials
BASIC
1. Utilize specialized communication skills
1.1. Apply communication CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
strategies Coupon Projector
Bond
1.2. Represent the CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
organization in internal Coupon Projector
and external forums Bond
2. Develop teams and individuals
2.1. Determine development CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
needs Coupon Projector
Bond
2.2. Foster individual and CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
organizational growth Coupon Projector
Bond
2.3. Monitor and evaluate CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
workplace learning Coupon Projector
Bond
2.4. Development team CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
commitment and Coupon Projector
cooperation Bond
3. Apply problem solving techniques in the workplace
3.1. Analyze the problem CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
3.2. Identify individual and CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
organizational growth Coupon Projector
Bond
3.3. Determine possible CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
solution Coupon Projector
Bond
3.4. Prepare communication CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
or documentation report Coupon Projector
Bond
3.5. Present CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
recommendation to Coupon Projector

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appropriate personnel Bond
3.6. Implement solution CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
4. Collect, analyze and organize information
4.1. Study information CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
requirements Coupon Projector
Bond
4.2. Process data CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
4.3. Analyse, interpret and CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
organize information Coupon Projector
gathered Bond
4.4. Present CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
findings/recommendatio Coupon Projector
ns Bond
5. Plan and organize work
5.1. Set work objectives CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
5.2. Plan and schedule work CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
objectives Coupon Projector
Bond
5.3. Implement and monitor CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
plans/activities Coupon Projector
Bond
5.4. Review and evaluate CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
work plans and activities Coupon Projector
Bond
6. Promote environmental protection
6.1. Study guidelines for CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
environmental concerns Coupon Projector
Bond
COMMON
1. Apply Quality Standards
1.1. Assess quality of CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
received materials Coupon Projector
Bond
1.2. Assess own work CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
1.3. Engage in quality CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
standards Coupon Projector
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63
2. Operate a Personal Computer
2.1. Start and shut down the CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
computer Coupon Projector
Bond
2.2. Arrange and customize CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
desktop display/window Coupon Projector
settings Bond
2.3. Work with files and CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
folders(directories) Coupon Projector
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2.4. Work with user CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
application programs Coupon Projector
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2.5. Print information CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
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CORE
1. Design Program logic
1.1. Select the program logic CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
design approach Coupon ProjectorGB
Bond
1.2. Document the program CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
logic or design Coupon Projector
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1.3. Validate the design CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
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2. Apply program development approach
2.1. Determine and select CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
appropriate program Coupon Projector
development approach Bond
2.2. Apply the selected CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
development approach Coupon Projector
Bond
3. Apply object-oriented program language skills
3.1. Apply basic language CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
syntax and layout Coupon Projector
Bond
3.2. Apply basic OOP CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
principles in the target Coupon Projector
language Bond
3.3. Debug code CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
3.4. Document activities CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &

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64
Coupon Projector
Bond
3.5. Test Code CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
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4. Apply programming skills in a second language
4.1. Apply basic language CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
syntax and layout Coupon Projector
Bond
4.2. Code using standard CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
algorithm Coupon Projector
Bond
4.3. Debug code CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
4.4. Document activities CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond
4.5. Test Code CBLM Presentation Ballpen Computer &
Coupon Projector
Bond

Developed by: 64
65
Terms and Definition
Program (Computer Program) - is a sequence of instructions written to perform a

specified task for a computer.
Programming language – is a language used to write instructions that can be

translated into machine language and then executed by a computer.
Programming: The process of writing or creating a program.
Value - is a sequence of bits that is interpreted according to some data type.
Numeric Values - is a mathematical object used in counting and measuring.
Character - is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-

like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabify in the written form of a natural
language.
Variable - is a facility for storing data
Data-types - a classification identifying one of various types of data.
Operator - refers to any function or keyword whose name is a symbol or series of

symbols.
Declaration – the process of defining a method, classes, types and others on the
system.
Assignment – putting a value into the variable.
Expressions – is anything that can be simplified into a single value, such as formula.
Precedence – is an expression or string of symbols intended to represent a numerical

value must follow commonly accepted and unambiguous rules.
Conversion Codes: Are used to reserve space in the output for some other values to be
print.
Syntax – is the proper arrangement of instruction. A programming language's surface

form and it describes the possible combinations of symbols that form a syntactically
correct program.

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Compiler: A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source
code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer
language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code). The
most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executable
program.
Source Code: source code is text written in a computer programming language.
Programmer: Is someone who writes computer software/programs. It can refer to a

specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for
many kinds of software.
Output – means display messages and values on screen and/or the processed input.
Conversion codes – are symbols used to reserve space in the output for some other
values to be displayed.
Input – is the data/values entered by the user into the computer/program.
Program Construct - is a syntactically allowable part of a program that may be formed

from one or more lexical tokens in accordance with the rules of a programming
language.
Condition: Enables the computer program to perform certain task base on the outcome
of evaluation.
Sequence – A program construct that Executes the statements in a serial manner, one
after another.
Selection – A program construct that enables the program to choose one between two
or more pathways based on the condition/basis stated.
Iteration – A program construct that repeats a set of instruction a number of times based
on the condition stated.
Function – enables program segments to be grouped as one module.
Array – is a consecutive storage location in computer’s memory that store’s similar type
of data. Is a collection of data with the same data type.
Database - consists of an organized collection of data for one or more multiple uses.
Debugging - is a methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or

defects, in a computer program or a piece of electronic hardware, thus making it behave
as expected.

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Binary File - s a computer file which may contain any type of data, encoded in binary
form for computer storage and processing purposes; for example, computer document
files containing formatted text.
Reserved words – are words with a special meaning and/or with a special function.
String: Is an array of alphanumeric characters.
References:

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1

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Computer Systems Institute

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

F. Imperial St., Kapantawan, Legazpi City Tel. No. (052) 481-1534

E-Mail: csilegazpi@yahoo.com Website: www.csileg.com

How to use this Competency-Based Learning Material

Welcome to the APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE.

The unit of competency "APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

 been working for some time

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Unit of Competency Apply Programming Skills in a Second Language

Computer programming is a field that has to do with the analytical creation

NOMINAL DURATION: 42 Hours

Upon completion of this module you must be able to:

 Apply basic language syntax and layout.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

LEARNING OUTCOME #1: SELECT THE PROGRAM LOGIC DESIGN APPROACH

1. Semantics and Syntax

Trainee must be provided with the following:

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

APPLY PROGRAMMING SKILLS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

Please refer to Semantic and Syntax.

Semantic and Syntax

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Header File Declaration

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Int main(){ void main(){

A local variable is a variable that is given local scope. Such a variable is

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

1. A ____________ may be utilized as a template that reflects syntax and structures

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

Basic elements of programming:

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Variables represent some segment of memory location in computer. Different values

auto double int struct

1. Numeric value – these are the number values

Integral Data Type

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Floating-point Data Type

Basic Data Types in C:

Declaration – is the process of reserving memory allocation on your computer.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

In c arithmetic expression is anything that can be simplified into a single value,

Arithmetic Operators in precedence

Level Type Associativity Operator Symbol Example

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Building Simple C program

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

SPECIFIER DATA TYPES SAMPLE OUTPUT

c char “%c”, ‘A’ A

d int “%d”, 123 123

i int “%i”, 345 345

f float or double “%f”, 123.45 123.450000

Trainee’s Name: _______________ Date:

Trainee’s Name: _______________ Date:

Trainee’s Name: _______________ Date: