SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR SEPARATOR

SEPARATOR (V-101)
REVISION DATE BY APPROVED

Equipment Name: CO2 Separator Equipment ID:

Process Service: Separates EO from CO2 and other gases Orientation: Vertical
OPERATING CONDITIONS SKETCH
Temperature (°C) 292.1
Actual Image:
Pressure (kPa) 2000
DESIGN CONDITIONS
Temperature (°C) 319.878
Pressure (kPa) 2200
TANK SIZING CONDITIONS
Material of Construction Stainless Steel 18
Cr type 304
Foundation Skirt Support
Type of Roof Tori Spherical
Tank Height (m) 6.63521
Tank Inside Diameter (m) 2.557
Tank Outside Diameter (m) 2.58 Sample Layout:
Actual Wall Thickness (mm) 12.82
Actual Tank Head Thickness 5.9
(mm)

Joint Efficiency 0.85

Corrosion Allowance (mm) 2
SETTLING CONDITIONS
Holdup Volume (m3) 2.47
Holdup Time (min) 10
Liquid Depth (m) 0.48196
A. SEPARATOR CONDITIONS
 Operating and Design Conditions
Operating Temperature °C 292.1
°F 557.78
Design Temperature °C 319.878
°F 607.78
Operating Pressure kPa 2000
psi 290.155
bar 20
Design Pressure kPa 2200
psi 319.171
bar 22

Guidelines
The basis for the Design Pressure is based on Towler & Sinnott (2013) which indicates

that for vessels under internal pressure, the design pressure is taken as the pressure at

which the relief device is set. This will normally be 5% to 10% above the normal

working pressure, to avoid spurious operation during minor process upsets. And, the

basis for the design temperature is based on the Design Temperature and Pressure

Guidelines given by Hall (2017).

Operating T Design T Operating P Design P

0-200 °F 250 °F 0 -25 psig 50 psig

Over 200 °F Operating + 50 °F 25-250 psig Operating + 25 psig

Reactors Operating + °F 250-1000 psig Operating + 10%

Over 1000 psig Operating + 5%

B. SEPARATOR PROPERTIES
 Properties Vapor Liquid
Mass Flowrate (kg/h) 202906.286723929 13106.5521788351
Density (kg/m3) 29.1382173806931 882.626872593959

Mass Flowrate
Volumetric Flowrate =
Density

kg
202906.286723929
h m3
Vapor Volumetric Flowrate =
Kg
= 6963.5793
29.1382173806931 3 h
m

kg
13106.5521788351
h m3
Liquid Volumetric Flowrate =
Kg
= 14.8495
882.626872593959 3 h
m

C. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

Settling Velocity, µT

Using the Equation 16.6 on Chapter 16 from the Chemical Engineering Design 2nd ed.

(Towler and Sinnott, 2013), the settling velocity can be first calculated for the

determination of the vessel diameter.

 1
   V 2
T  0.07 L 
 V 

where µT - settling velocity, m/s

ρL - liquid density, kg/m3

ρυ - vapor density, kg/m

kg kg
882.62687 3
−29.13822 3
m m 1/2
μT = 0.07 ( )
kg
29.13822 3
m

μT = 0.37665 m/s

A demister pad will be specified since separation is critical. The purpose of the demister

is to minimize the catalyst particles accumulation in the candles (Nina et al., 2018). if a

demister pads not used, the value obtained for the settling velocity has to be multiplied by

a value of 0.15 to provide a margin of safety and allow for flow surges (Towler &

Sinnott, 2013). Thus, for this vessel, a demister pad will be used as this improves the

performance of the separating vessel. Hence,

T   S
Vessel Diameter, Dv

Using the Equation 16.7 on Chapter 16 from the Chemical Engineering Design 2nd ed.

(Towler and Sinnott, 2013), the vessel diameter of the Gas-Liquid Separators can be

calculated in vertical orientation. The vessel diameter should be large enough to slow the

gas down to below the velocity at which the liquid droplet settles out as for the statement

of Towler and Sinnott (2013).

 4Vv
Dv 
u S

where Dv -minimum vessel diameter, m

Vv - gas, or vapor volumetric flow rate, m3/s

Note: us = ut

m3
Dv =
√ 4(6963.5793
h
)
π (0.37665 m/ s)(3600)

Dv = 2.557 m

Vessel Height, H

Using Figure 16.11 on Chapter 16 from the Chemical Engineering Design 2 nd ed. (Towler

and Sinnott, 2013), the height of the vessel can be analyzed as:

Dv
H= + Dv + hL + 0.4
2

where Dv - minimum vessel diameter, m

hL – depth inside by the liquid with 10-minute minimum holdup

0.4 – denotes the minimum height of the demister pad

 Vertical Vapor-Liquid Separator (Towler and Sinnott, 2013)

volume held up
hL =
vessel cross sectional area

m3 1 h r 60 s
14.8495 x x 10 min x
h 3600 s 1 min
hL = (with 10-minute minimum holdup)
π 2
(2.557 m)
4

hL = 0.48196 m

Inlet Height

Dv
Inlet Height = + Dv
2

2.557 m
Inlet Height = + 2.557 m = 3.8355 m
2

Total Height

Inlet Height
Total Height = + Inlet Height +hL + 0.4
2

3.8355 m
Total Height = + 3.8355 m + 0.48196 m + 0.4 = 6.63521 m
2
Thickness of the Shell Under Internal Pressure

Using Table 14.2 on Chapter 14 from the Chemical Engineering Design 2 nd ed. (Towler

and Sinnott, 2013), the maximum allowable stress for Stainless Steel 18 Cr type 304 is

12.25 ksi (122,253.32 psi) at 607.78 °F. Thus, the joint efficiency is generally 0.85

(Towler and Sinnott, 2013).

ASME BPV Code Sec. VIII D.1 Maximum Allowable Stress for Different Materials

Using the table, List of Minimum Practical Wall Thickness from ASME BPV Code Sec.

VIII D.1, a minimum thickness of 7mm will be used (Towler and Sinnot, 2013). As a

general guide the wall thickness of any vessel include a corrosion allowance of 2 mm.

Also, the general guide also stated that the minimum wall thickness should not be less

than that calculated by the following formulas:

PD
tmin(1) = 2 SE−1.2 P

PD
tmin(2) = 4 SE+0.8 P
where: P – Internal Design Pressure, psi

D – Inside Diameter, mm

S – Maximum Allowable Stress, psi

E – Joint Efficiency

(319.171 psi)(2557 mm)

tmin(1) = 2(122,253.32 psi)(0.85)−1.2(319.171 psi)

tmin(1) = 3.93 mm

(319.171 psi)(2557 mm)

tmin(2) = 4 (122,253.32 psi)( 0.85)+ 0.8(319.171 psi)

tmin(2) = 1.96 mm

Since tmin(1) is greater than tmin(2), the thickness of separator vessel that will be used for

is tmin(1) = 3.93 mm. This is based from Towler and Sinnot (2013) which stated that the

highest computed tmin must be the preferred thickness of the vessel.

A corrosion allowance must be considered for the material’s thickness because it is the

additional thickness of the metal to allow the material lost by corrosion and erosion or,

scaling. Therefore, a minimum allowance of 8.89 mm will be used for stainless steels.

tactual = tmin(1) + Corrosion Allowance

tactual = 3.93 mm + 8.89 mm

tactual = 12.82 mm

Outside Diameter
Dout = Din + 2tactual
 Dout = 2557 mm + 2 (12.82 mm)
Dout = 2582.64 mm (2.58 m)

D. Design of Supports

The design to support a vessel will depend on the size, shape and weight of the vessel and

also, the design temperature and pressure. Thus, the vessel location, arrangement and the

internal and external fittings and attachments. Skirt supports are used for tall and vertical

columns (Towler and Sinnot, 2013).

E. Design of Head and Closure

The principal types used for the design are flat plates, hemispherical, ellipsoidal and tori

spherical heads. The highest thickness will be the preferred type of heading that will be used

(Towler and Sinnot, 2013).

Head Types

Hemispherical Heads:

PD
t = 4 SE−0.4 P
 (319.171 psi)(2557 mm)
t = 4 (122,253.32 psi)( 0.85)−0.4(2557 mm)

t = 1.96 mm

Ellipsoidal Heads:

PD
t = 2 SE−0.2 P

(319.171 psi)(2557 mm)

t = 2(122,253.32 psi)(0.85)−0.2(2557 mm)

t = 3.92 mm

Tori Spherical Heads:

0.885 PD
t=
SE−0.1 P

0.885(319.171 psi)(2557 mm)

t = (122,253.32 psi)(0.85)−0.1(2557 mm)

t = 6.95 mm
 Comparing the thickness calculated for the three head types, Tori Spherical Head has

a greater thickness than the other two types such as hemispherical and ellipsoidal

head. Therefore, this is the preferred head type for the vessel.

Thickness of the Head

To calculate the thickness of the head, the formula that will be used is:

0.885 P Rc
t=
SE−0.1 P

where, P – Internal Design Pressure

Knuckle Radius
Rc – Crown Radius ( )
6%

S – Maximum Allowable Stress

E – Joint Efficiency (E= 1, no joints)

Please take note, that the crown radius is also equal to the Inside Diameter.

0.885(319.171 psi)(2557 mm)

t=
(122,253.32 psi) ( 1 ) −0.1(2557 mm)

t = 5,90 mm

Opening and Connections Required

According to Towler and Sinnott (2008), Inset Nozzle is used for the compensation for

opening because it is created where localized corrosion can occur.