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Umuoji people
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The Umuoji people are those whose roots can be traced to the town of Umuoji, in Idemili
North - a local government area in Anambra State, Nigeria. These people are an Igbo
speaking ethnic group, whose early history is adversely affected by a lack of, or non-existent,
written records. Umuoji is bounded by Ogidi, Ojoto, Uke, Abatete and Nkpor and has an
estimated population of 80,000 people which includes local residents in its 23 villages and
citizens in diaspora.

Origin myth

Two possible sources about Umuoji origin have been postulated. Both apparently are derived
from oral tradition. The first, more widely held, is that Umuoji people originated from a man
called Okodu, who was a descendant of a man called Nri. Another is that one Okoli Oti from
Arochukwu was the ancestor of Umuoji.

In those early days, only the people of Arochukwu (Umuchukwu meaning Children of
Supreme God) and Nri, who were also regarded as sacred people or mediators between men
and the gods, were free to travel about and they were the two predominant sets of people
who were known throughout the then Igbo nation. The Aro people were great warriors with
sophisticated weapons that gave them a military advantage over the other inhabitants of the
Igbo nation. Consequently, one great warrior, Okoli Oti from Arochukwu is believed to have set
out in company of his followers to visit the famous Eze Nri (the great king of Nri). His
intention was not that friendly but on reaching the Nri Kingdom, he changed his mind as a
result of what he heard and saw about the Nri people. Okoli later decided to settle near the
kingdom of his host and thereby found his own kingdom. He settled in the present area
inhabited by Abatete people. Okoli later married a woman from Nri town. Some of his men
never went back to their places of origin. They also raised up families later known as Isiuzo,
Azu, Owa, Akwa, Oraofia and Mputu.
Okoli Oti brought with him three deities named Ezeigwe, Oji and Ogwugwu. He begat three
sons and some daughters. The sons were Ezeogu, Ora and Idike. Ezeogu was the father of
the Abatete people, otherwise known as Abatete Ezeogu. Ora the second son was the father
of the Umuoji people, while Idike was the father of the Nkpor people. Ora Okoli had a son
named Okodu and some daughters whose names were not known as nobody bothered to
trace the lineage of women in Igboland then. Okodu is the father of Oji; he named him after
his father's deity which he(Okodu) later inherited. Oji in turn begat Ora II whom he named
after his grandfather.

From mythology, Ora II had two wives - each of whom had two sons. The sons were Ezi, Ifite,
Echem and Akala. Ezi and Echem were of the same mother, while Ifite and Akala were of the
same mother. These made up the quarters of Umuoji and the villages therein.

From the various accounts on the origin of the three towns, the name of Okolie Otie, an
itinerant trader from Arochukwu, appears a common denominator in the origin legends of the
people. What appears to be significantly but regrettably missing from the various accounts,
seems to be the name of the mother of the progenitors of the three communities.

Few observations are however pertinent to these accounts. One is that as far as the
Arochukwu connection is concerned, striking flaws are apparent which calls for further
investigation and reassessment. As noted by Ekpunobi (1998), “the story is an attempt by
local historians to link Umuoji with the once famous Arochukwu trading expedition”. This
position is borne out by the fact that as present, there is not yet any evidence of Aro-Abatete-
Umuoji-Nkpor connection either in their usages, customs, or traditions. On the other hand, the
story linking these communities to Nri appears to enjoy more acceptability. As noted by
Ekpunobi (1988) and strongly supported by Nwosu (2013) “before the advent of the
Europeans, Nkpor-Umuoji-Abatete went to Eze Nri to pay their Nru (annual homage)”.
Tradition affirms that the tribute were paid in recognition of the “fatherly role Nri was playing
towards the three communities” and in recognition of the fact that Nri was their original
home. To further lend credence to this evidence on Nri origin of the three communities,
Onwuejeogwu (1972) observed that in the past, the power and authority of Eze Nri were
based on the belief of many Igbo settlements that Eze Nri had spiritual authority over them.
Ilozue (1966), in his work-Umuoji Cultural Heritage-wrote equally that "the chief of Nri is the
only person who can announce or denounce the sacredness of anything in Umuoji".

The analyses of the study of the three communities doubtless have shown that they share a
common putative progenitor, upon which the need to institute a common meeting ground for
the three communities for identification. In this respect, a consideration may be made by the
leadership of the three communities on the re-enactment and celebration of the almost
moribund feast called the OMA-NNE.

Leadership

The quarters and villages in Umuoji in order of seniority are as follows;

Eziora
 Aboh

Umuobia (also known as Ukpabia)

Ire

Amoji

Ekwulu

Urueze

Ifiteora
Ifite

Uruedeke

Umuoli

Umuazu

Dimechem
Agumaelum

Umuoma

Uruaneke

Dimboko

Umuechem

Urumkpu

Dianaokwu

Ideoma

Akala
Uruegbe

Akalaetiti

Aguma

Anogu

Abidi

Formerly, Umuoji had twenty five villages until Umunzulu was merged into Amoji while
Umuokezi joined Ideoma. Due to the number of Oji's children and grandchildren, Umuoji was
referred to as Igwulube Okodu (Igwulube means locust).

Before now, the Umuoji kingship rotated among the five villages of Eziora quarter, being the
first son that inherits the father's Obi in Igbo tradition and custom. Umuoji's kingship involves
both a traditional Eze and an Igwe.[1] The current Eze of Umuoji is Eze Dr. Joseph
Ifeanyichukwu Obadike (Ezedim II), from Abor.[2] He is a retired engineer and businessman
who lived in America. He was preceded by Eze Dr. Gilbert Odikpo Obadike, a surgeon and
medical director from Abor.[3] The present Igwe of Umuoji, HRH Dr Cyril Enweze (Ebubedike I),
a renowned economist who retired from the IMF as Director Of Operations IFAD and Vice
President of ADB, is from Ifite in the Ifiteora quarter having succeeded Igwe Akum Micheal A.
Nweze(Anumili I) who came from Ire in the Eziora quarter.

Each village is headed by an Ichie and the council of Ndi Ichie form the Igwe's Cabinet, and
the political leadership of the village is headed by the chairman of the village Uka-Oye, which
is the supreme administrative body of the village. Other traditional institutions in Umuoji are
the Nze-na-Ozo, Age Grades, Umuofia, Umuokpu and Umuada etc. There is also the Umuoji
Improvement Union which sees to the day-to-day governance of the town and the Umuoji
Women Association and branches of the town union.

Culture

There are three major festivals among others celebrated by the Umuoji people. The most
important are the Ofala Festival, which is traditionally celebrated by the Igwe at least once
every three years and the Uzoiyi Festival, which is usually celebrated in March and kicks off
the farming season. It ends with a spectacle of colorful and monumental masquerades for
entertainment, each presented by one of the villages in Umuoji are Akwanechenyi (Aboh
village), Egbenu Oba (Anogu village), Nyakwulu (Aguma village), Agu (Agumaelum village),
Enyi (Abidi village), Zebra (Dimboko village), Ugo and Aja Agba Agu Mgba (Urumkpu village),
Igada (Uruegbe village), Ibubo (Ekwulu village), Obamili (Umuoli village), Nkenekwu (Ire
village), Agaba (Uruaneke village), Ene (Urueze village), Odum (Urudeke village), Ochamili
(Ideoma village), Ijele (Umuobia village), Atu (Amoji village), Aguiyi (Umuoma village), Oma
Mbala (Akala-Etiti village), Akwa Ugo (Ifite village), Akum Gbawalu Ugbo (Dianokwu village),
Ana Eli Aku (Umuechem village), Inyinya (Umuazu village). The Mbajekwe festival ushers in
the Ili Ji Ofuu (New Yam Festival), is celebrated in August–September. There are other feasts
in between that are celebrated by the villages that make up Umuoji town. The majority of the
people had historically been subsistence farmers but now are in all fields of human endeavor.

Notable places in Umuoji include the Iba Oji in Ifite village, the Amangwu and Udume shrines
in Aboh village, the Ideakpulu stream located in Umuoma and Ideoma villages, the Ezi
Ebenebe shrine in Akalaetiti village and Iba Aroli in Umuobia village.

The early Catholic Christian missionaries to Umuoji established the popular Mater Amabilis
Secondary School for Girls, Our Lady's Catholic Church and St Francis Catholic
Church/primary School. Umuoji has nine public primary schools and two secondary schools
including the Boys High School, established in 1975, which was renamed to Community
Secondary School and made co-ed in 2008.[4]

Another cultural belief of the Umuoji people is to honor Eke (the Python), which is dedicated
to the river deity, Idemili. It is considered a sacrilege for a citizen or a visitor to kill a python;
should this happen, the perpetrator must bury the python with funeral rites normally reserved
for human beings.

References
 1. ^ Ekpunobi, Nonso J. (1998). "A History of Umuoji from the Beginning to the
Present" .

2. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGPUaeSS_TE

3. ^
http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/20885851/310661970/name/Dr.Obadike_PDF_profil
e.pdf

4. ^ "UMUOJI-USA" . umuoji.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2019-05-05.

1.Afigbo A.E, 1981-Ropes of Sand: Studies in Igbo History and Culture 2. Agulefoh T.D-A Short
History of Umuoji 3. Edwards, P(ed) 1969-Equianos Travel 4. Ekpunobi J.N.(1986)-
Archaeology and Early History of Umuoji 5. National Archives Enugu 6. Ifemesie, C.C. 1978-
South Eastern Nigeria in the 9th Century 7. Isichei, E. 1976-A History of the Igbo 8. Obadike,
J.N. 1962-Umuoji on the March 9. Onwuejeogwu, M.A.1977-Paterns of Population Movement
in Igbo Culture area. 10. York, R.N. 1973-Excavations at New Buipe in West African Journal of
Archaeology

Last edited on 28 April 2020, at 02:22

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