APPLIED MECHANICS

PROJECT
Name Registration Number

Muhammad Usama Zubair UW-19-CHE-BSC-025

Musab Bin Arif UW-19-CHE-BSc-035

 Title: Bridge

Submitted To: Mr. Roman Kelvin

Submitted By: Muhammad Usama Zubair & Musab Bin Arif

Roll No: UW-019-CHE-BSC-025 & 035

Semester: 3rd

Department of Chemical Engineering

Wah Engineering College
University of Wah
12nd Dec, 2020
Project Report on Howe truss Bridge
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Chipping away at this Project (Bridge plan and examination) was a wellspring of monstrous
information to us. we might want to communicate our extraordinary thanks of appreciation to our
course teacher Mr. Roman Kelvin who gave us the brilliant chance to do this superb task and we
came to think about such countless new things. We affirmation with a profound feeling of
appreciation for the consolation and motivation got from our employee. We likewise prefer to
thanks our folks for help and before all these we extraordinarily on account of Allah Almighty
who invigorated us do this venture.
ABSTRACT:
We have done this undertaking to make our primary investigation solid which is going to
supportive for us to upgrade designing information and we have gathered information from various
examinations which hush up accommodating for us for making and examination of model which
is Waddell a sort bracket connect and our fundamental discoveries were powers when we apply
147.1N of power on extension and furthermore that it can tolerate loading or not. In any case, we
are effective in applying heap of practically 15kg it is exceptionally fascinating and useful
undertaking that make us to discover concealed abilities inside us.
Introduction:
A Howe support is a bracket connect comprising of harmonies, verticals, and diagonals whose
vertical individuals are in pressure and whose inclining individuals are in pressure. The Howe
bracket was concocted by William Howe in 1840, and was broadly utilized as an extension in the
mid to late 1800s. In 1840 William Howe protected the Howe bracket, another support that
delighted in far reaching prominence. Howe put together his plan with respect to the restricted
pressure examination data accessible around then, the main architect to do as such since past
supports were unadaptable to investigation (Edwards 1976:156-157).

Figure 1:Howe truss bridge

Howe Truss Bridge Work:
The Howe bracket utilized wooden shafts for the slanting individuals, which were in pressure. It
utilized iron (and later steel) for the vertical individuals, which were in strain. The Pratt support
was the inverse. Consequently, in light of the fact that the slanting individuals are longer, the Howe
bracket utilized less of the more costly iron material.

Howe Truss Bridge Is Stronger Then Other Bridge ?

In this trial we have tried which kind of bracket connect is the most grounded, yet utilizes minimal
measure of material. Two of the most utilized bracket spans are of the Pratt and Howe plan.
Through our investigation it was discovered that the scaffold plan that limited the most extreme
pressure power was the Howe Bridge.

Design Howe Truss Bridge with popsicle sticks:

Material (Popsicle sticks) properties:

Understanding the popsicle sticks properties is critical to amplify the heap limit of the extension.
The popsicle sticks can be effectively twist or contorted and furthermore hitch without any
problem. We don't utilize wound popsicles sticks in light of the fact that curved popsicle sticks
make more fragile joints which isn't acceptable or helpful. While planning the joints of the
extension, contemplations were made which depends on pressure or rigidity of popsicle sticks
since it is generally low when we contrasted it with the hardened materials like steel or aluminum.

Sort of Adhesive utilized:

Sort of cements assume a significant part in the extension strength. Different sorts of cements have
various attributes. We use UHU in our scaffold since it is anything but difficult to utilize and have
bounty time to put the popsicle sticks in right position. The brand of the cement additionally must
be taken in thought on the grounds that the soundness of extension structure is for the most part
contingent upon the nature of the glue which is utilized.
Model making:
The plan of our bracket connect is initially drawn on paper to guarantee the exactness in making
our scaffold display and have better work process.

Model Testing:
When our extension model has finished, at that point the scaffold was left aside for an hour to
permit the glues to dry totally. For the heap testing, we put load individually to guarantee an even
burden appropriation on the extension.

Materials for making Howe Truss Bridge:

❖ Grid paper
❖ Pencil
❖ Ruler
❖ Cutting tools
❖ Glues
❖ Ceiling tile
❖ Torpedo level
❖ Dremel tool
❖ Blue tape
❖ Drafting triangle
❖ Tweezers

Know the Rules:

❖ Be able to define in your own words what the bridge must accomplish
❖ Limit the bridge weight
❖ Keep it simple
❖ Do not get disqualified!!!!
Project bridge Image:

❖ The truss was made out of 48 popsicle sticks and weight about 74.5g-75g.
❖ It is 4 inches tall.
❖ The bottom is 17.5g inches long .
❖ The top is 13.5 inches long .
Steps For Making Bridge:
❖ Start with grid paper
❖ Use ruler to establish the center of the bridge

❖ Draw the loading area.

Design the bridge around the loading points
❖ Plan for extra bracing around load areas
❖ Choose a truss to use
❖ Warren
❖ Pratt
❖ Howe
❖ K truss
❖ Draw the bridge to scale
❖ Use graph paper
❖ Draw forces
❖ Label everything

❖ Draw the top and bottom of your bridge Locate the point where you can use to build the
internal members.
❖ Draw the internal members

❖ Draw the two side members to connect the top and bottom of the bridge.
❖ Make the top chord of the bridge thicker by drawing the a second and third lines to product
the shape of 1-3 sticks.

❖ Design the top of your bridge.

❖ Please note that the sides of the bridge will be longer because of the slope.
❖ Look down the two ends to make sure the bridge is still at 90 degrees with the base.

Joints Method:
❖ To decide or plan a bracket, it is important to decide the power in every one of its
individuals.
❖ There are such a large number of approaches to do this and one is the technique for joints.
This strategy is fundamentally utilizing the states of harmony.
❖ Therefore, it is important to draw the free-body outline of each joint, and afterward balance
conditions are applied and used to discover power segment following up on each joint.
❖ Where amount of all powers following up on the x pivot are zero likewise amount of all
powers along y hub are additionally zero.
❖ When we are utilizing the joints technique , we are needed to begin from a joint where at any
rate one power is realized two powers are obscure.
❖ This technique , yields two conditions which can without much of a stretch be addressed for
the two questions.

Analysis:

Removing all the zero force members.

W/4
AT “A”

45 FAP

FAB

❖ FAB Sin(45) = W/4

FAB = √2W/4 Compression

❖ FAP = FAB Cos(45)

FAP = w/4 Tension

❖ FPO = FAP
FPO =W/4 Tension

A P P O

FAB

AT “B”
45 FBC
45

FBO

FAB =FBO =√2W/4 Tension

FBC = FAB Cos(45) FBO Cos(45)

FBC = W/2 =FCP Compression
 FOD
AT “ D”

45 FCD
45

FDM

FOD = FDM = √2W/4 Tension

FDE = FCD + 2FOD Cos (45)

= w/2 + 2√2W/4 (1/√2)
FDE = w = FFF Compression

FBO

AT “ O”

FPO
FON

FDO

Virtual forces can only be balance by FBO & FDO

Hence ,

FBO = FDO = √2W/4 Compression

FON = FPO + 2FBO
= W/4 + 2 (√2W/4 ) Cos ( 45 )

FON = 3w/4 = FNM Tension

“The members DF fails first.”