Social Studies 30-1

EXAM

Related Issue #2:

To what extent is resistance to
liberalism justified?
Choose the BEST answer.

Use the following set of mind maps to answer questions 1 to 3.

Diagram I Diagram II

Diagram III Diagram IV

1. Which diagram focuses on the most-regulated economic system?

a. Diagram I
b. Diagram II
c. Diagram III
d. Diagram IV

2. Economic fascism is shown in

a. Diagram I
b. Diagram II
c. Diagram III
d. Diagram IV
3. Which diagram represents a transition towards a modern liberal economy?

a. Diagram I
b. Diagram II
c. Diagram III
d. Diagram IV

Use the following cartoon to answer question 4.

4. The above cartoon argues that, in the American economy, there should be room for
greater

a. private ownership and economic choice.

b. self-interest and self-reliance.
c. privatization and deregulation.
d. collective interest and public ownership.
 Use the following information to answer question 5.

First set of government programs Second set of government programs

 Medicare  Subsidized housing
 Canada Pension Plan  Student loan programs
 Public education  Family Allowance
 (Un) Employment Insurance  National Child Benefit
 Income-tested Seniors Benefit
 Assured Income for the Severely
Handicapped (AISH)

5. A combination of programs like these would most probably be found in

a. a market economy.
b. a planned economy.
c. a classical liberal economy.
d. a modern liberal economy.

Use the following cartoon to answer questions 6 and 7.

6. In the above cartoon, the cartoonist expresses support for

a. Keynesian economics.
b. the liberalization of global trade.
c. lowering the level of state intervention in the U.S. economy.
d. reducing the number of elected representatives in the U.S. Congress.
7. This cartoon suggests that the future viability of liberalism is threatened by

a. the unregulated business cycle.

b. deficit spending and national debt.
c. soaring oil prices and health care costs.
d. high interest rates and high unemployment.

Use the following poster to answer question 8.

CAPITALISM
Capitalism is the extraordinary belief that the nastiest of men, for the nastiest of reasons, will
somehow work
for the benefit of us all.

8. Which concept is best emphasized in the above poster?

a. The promotion of individual self-interest.

b. The protection of private property.
c. The negative impact of the invisible hand.
d. The decentralization of decision making.
 Use the following statement to answer question 9.

9. Which ideology is the focus of the above diagram?

a. fascism
b. Stalinism
c. neo-conservatism
d. classical conservatism

Use the following diagram to answer questions 10 and 11.

Democratic Powerless legislative bodies (e.g., Supreme

centralism Soviet or 1934-45 Reichstag)

Rigged elections, phony Party members wrongly believe that they

referendums and manipulated have influence over government decisions
plebiscites

10. Which technique of dictatorship is the central concept for this diagram?

a. propaganda
b. personality cult
c. controlled participation
d. direction of popular discontent
11. More than anything else, the technique shown here is an attempt to

a. deflect criticism of the ruling party.

b. cultivate blind devotion to a supreme leader.
c. intimidate voters with the use or threat of violence.
d. persuade people that an authoritarian regime has democratic legitimacy.

Use the following cartoon to answer questions 12 and 13.

12. The cartoonist is suggesting that reforms initiated in the Soviet Union were, at the time,

a. thwarted by an inefficient and stagnant economy.

b. administered by a reformed bureaucratic structure.
c. intended to slow inflation of an over-heated economy.
d. focused on increasing industrial rather than agricultural production.

13. Details in the cartoon suggest

a. political and economic reforms were unpopular with the general population.
b. economic reforms were inextricably tied to political liberalization, both of which
failed to meet expectations.
c. elite members of the Soviet bureaucracy were thwarting government attempts at
genuine reform
d. Soviet citizens attempted to embrace liberal ideals, but were limited by government
officials.
 Use the following American cartoon from the 1960s to answer questions 14 and 15.

Note: The Vietcong were the

Communist North Vietnamese.
14. The above cartoon focuses on the Cold War issues of

a. détente and deterrence.

b. brinkmanship and espionage.
c. alignment and nonalignment.
d. containment and expansionism.

15. The cartoon presents a justification for

a. the Marshall Plan.

b. American intervention in the Korean War.
c. American military support for the government of South Vietnam.
d. the maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging attacks on the
USA.

Use the following statement to answer question 16.

The 1960s and 1970s saw a reversal of some of the tension and fear that had arisen between
East and West since 1945. During this period, the USA and USSR searched for areas of
mutual concern and cooperation. Communication between the superpowers also improved.

16. What time period is the focus of this statement?

a. Détente
b. McCarthyism
c. De-Stalinization
d. The Glasnost era
17. Which of the following developments was NOT a factor related to events in Hungary in
1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968?

a. The Western powers followed a policy of military non-intervention in Eastern

Europe.
b. Widespread national dissatisfaction with Soviet control led to demands for change.
c. Widespread national dissatisfaction arose from industrial and agricultural collapse.
d. The U.S.S.R. and Warsaw Pact members followed a policy of direct military
intervention.

18. Which policy is inconsistent with the action taken?

POLICY ACTION
a. détente installation of a "hot line" between Moscow and
Washington
b. containment increase in U.S. Combat troop strength in Vietnam
c. deterrence commitment to "star wars" research
d. peaceful co-existence establishment of pro- communist forces in
Afghanistan

Use the following information to answer questions 19 to 21.

The Economic Problem

Runaway inflation is destroying the purchasing power of consumers
Possible Government Responses
I. Raise income taxes to slow the rate of economic growth
II. Allow the problem to correct itself through the normal fluctuations in the business
cycle
III. Implement strict wage and price controls
IV Lower interest rates to provide consumers with easier access to credit

19. Which of the possible government responses reflects a "market-oriented" approach to the
problem?

a. Response I
b. Response II
c. Response III
d. Response IV

20. Which of the possible government responses would most likely intensify the problem of
rising inflation?

a. Response I
b. Response II
c. Response III
d. Response IV
21. A Keynesian economist would criticize Response II because it would

a. absolve government from any responsibility in resolving economic problems.

b. accelerate the amount of investment capital available to entrepreneurs.
c. tend to shift purchasing power away from the wealthy to the poor.
d. reduce the role of the individual in economic decision making.

Use the following source to answer question 22.

Abuse of governmental authority is limited by the fact that all citizens enjoy a number of
basic "civil rights" or "individual liberties."

22. Proof that Adolf Hitler did not support this assertion is best revealed by his

a. enforcement of the Nuremberg Laws.

b. use of massive propaganda campaigns and rallies.
c. recruitment of the unemployed into military service.
d. disregard for provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Use the following excerpt to answer questions 23 to 25.

There can only be one sane enlightened decision. It is a thousand times better to have a free
market plan under fair and equitable laws democratically passed and enforced. First, we avoid
the terrific burden entailed in maintaining a vast bureaucracy; and, second, the free market
operates with a maximum of freedom and a minimum of force. The free market rewards
efficiency and economy; it punishes laziness and waste, and thus provides incentive, the very
mainspring of human progress.
- from Vital Speeches of the Day, 1950

23. A democratic socialist, in responding to the opinion expressed in this excerpt, would
agree with the speaker's contention that

a. economic freedoms are valid goals, but would claim that the free market system
makes little provision for the disadvantaged.
b. expanding bureaucracies are valid pursuits, but would claim that personal incentive is
the only "mainspring of human progress".
c. fair and equitable laws are valid goals, but would claim that some force is needed to
motivate workers.
d. efficiency and progress are valid pursuits, but would object to the high taxes
demanded by a free market.

24. Which of the following economic systems has traditionally been based on the ideas
expressed by the speaker?

a. The British welfare state

b. The Canadian mixed economy
c. The Swedish democratic socialist state
d. The American capitalist-oriented economy
25. Given the perspective expressed in the excerpt, the speaker would likely agree that

a. government intervention in an economy is necessary under certain circumstances.

b. free market economies must be regulated by government agencies.
c. individual initiative is essential for an efficient economy.
d. public enterprise economies encourage the growth of investment capital.

Use the following comments to answer question 26.

I. The most generous [Canadian] tax breaks are those which allow corporations to defer
their taxes. In theory the taxes saved this way are to be paid at a later date but they rarely
are.
II. Ottawa has always justified tax breaks [for corporations] as a means of stimulating
investment. The federal auditor general reported that in 1985 corporations avoided
paying $35 billion in taxes.
III. What is the difference [in Canada] between subsidies to corporations and welfare or
unemployment payments? The former, largely hidden from public scrutiny, is called
providing investment incentives, and the latter is called socialism.
IV. The Consumers' Association of Canada has noted a disturbing change in direction toward
taxing money spent rather than money earned.
- from The Edmonton Journal

26. Which two comments directly suggest that the Canadian federal government was
following a "Reaganomics" supply-side style of economic policy at the time these
comments were made?

a. Comments I and II
b. Comments I and IV
c. Comments II and III
d. Comments III and IV

27. Ideologically and historically, Marxists have envisioned a society that is based on the
principles of

a. industrial growth and elitism.

b. equality and humanitarianism.
c. collectivization and nationalism.
d. centralization and authoritarianism.
 Use the following to answer question 28.

Statement I
In the election campaigns of the early 1930’s, Adolf Hitler promoted himself as an ardent
supporter of state nationalization of key industries.
Statement II
When he became Soviet leader, Nikita Krushev denounced Josef Stalin as a despot who used
excessive force to maintain control over the Soviet Union.

28. Which of the following observations regarding the above statements is accurate?

a. Both statements are true.

b. Both statements are false.
c. Statement I is true and Statement II is false.
d. Statement I is false and Statement II is true.

29. Lenin's New Economic Policy was characterized by

a. an increase in consumer goods production through greater central planning.

b. a restructuring of government institutions to allow greater freedom of speech.
c. a departure from authoritarian economic policy in order to increase individual
initiative.
d. an attempt to consolidate Communist party control in order to ensure political
stability.
 Use the following sources to answer questions 30 to 32.

Source I

Whatever idealism it once had, Soviet communism had now evolved into an iron dictatorship,
a society that – much like Hitler’s Germany – began to revolve around the commanding presence of
one man. The individual was subsumed now by the state, his survival dependent upon his ability to
function usefully as a part of a gigantic, pulley-driven national machine. And society now operated
not according to the laws of nature, but according to the laws of Stalin; whatever he said was “true” if
only because he had said it…
…Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini all came of age at a time when despotism did not have the
dreadful reputation that is went on to acquire with the coming of the Second World War. Far from it,
the bold leader with the simple solutions seemed, to many, like the perfect antidote to their festering
wounds. Hitler rebuilt the German war machine and helped his nation escape the Depression,
Mussolini made the trains run on time, and Stalin was in the process of converting a corrupt centuries-
old society into a modern utopian state.
So long as the truth was denied, so long as people believed in the Great Lie, the “success” of
the Five-Year Plan stood in stark contrast to the depression in the West . . . If Stalin encountered some
resistance along the ways and had to put it down, well, that was the price of a revolution. George
Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1932 and pronounced the reports of starvation and forced
collectivization to be “nonsense.” New York Times Moscow correspondent Walter Duranty, who later
won a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting, wrote the same year that “there is no famine or actual
starvation” in the Soviet Union. Fed up with the joblessness at home, hundreds of Americans went
abroad to try the other life. And why not? If democracy was so great, why had it brought good people
such misery of late? If Roosevelt was so perfect, why could his New Deal not erase unemployment?

Source II
The following recollection was written by an American who emigrated from the United States to the Soviet Union in the 1930’s.
Now at this time in America, William Randolph Hearst’s papers were full of terrible things about the
Soviet Union – stories about forced labour and terrible poverty. But I didn’t really believe them
because so many liberals from the West, like George Bernard Shaw, had traveled there; were given the
red-carpet treatment, and came back trumpeting the beautiful things they saw. When my mother
moved to Moscow, he wrote me very nice letters, telling me all kinds of wonderful things, mainly that
I could get a free education there, and that’s what attracted me most. So when I found out that the
family would be joining my father, I was very excited to think that I was going to go to an art institute,
something that had seemed impossible for a working-class youth in America.

30. Information in Source I suggests that many people regarded dictatorships favourably in
the 1930’s because dictatorial states

a. diminished power of corrupt capitalists

b. acted decisively to solve complex problems
c. promoted the values of self-advancement and individualism
d. offered the best hope for the preservation of international peace and security

31. Information in the sources implies that visits from notable intellectuals such as George
Bernard Shaw provided the Stalinist government with opportunities to

a. counter Western criticism of Soviet communism.

b. present to the West an accurate portrayal of life in the Soviet Union.
c. achieve a mediated resolution to outstanding issues between the Soviet Union and the
West.
d. gain valuable information about similar economic conditions that existed in the
Soviet Union and Western nations.
32. Which of the following statements describes a relationship that exists between the
sources?

a. The recollection in Source II reinforces historical interpretations offered in Source I.

b. Information in Source II provides a historical perspective that is contradictory to the
perspective provided in Source I.
c. One source provides factual information and excludes opinion, whereas the other
source offers opinion and excludes factual information.
d. One source focuses primarily on the economic situation of the 1930’s, whereas the
other source focuses on the political situation of the 1930’s.

Use the flowing sources to answer questions 33 to 35.

Source I

Milton Friedman said, “(there) is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use its
resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of
the game…and engages in open and free competition, without deception and fraud…few trends could
so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate
officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible.”
Friedman was absolutely right, given the nature of the impersonal…institution that human beings
created, the corporation.

Source II

The corporation is the dominant and dominating institution of our time. Governments identify growth
and development with commercial corporations and shower them with subsidies, tax privileges,
appropriate labour legislation and market protection to attract a commitment and investment.

The primary objective of the corporate invader is to increase its own wealth and assets, not the level of
community income. When communities enter into arrangements with corporations, it is important that
the nature of this institution be clearly understood.

Source III

`
33. The authors of sources I and II agree that corporations

a. have social responsibilities.

b. contribute to community wealth.
c. exist exclusively to make a profit.
d. receive favourable government treatment.

34. Friedman's point of view, as expressed in Source I, is based primarily on the assumption
that

a. corporations will be law abiding and will follow the rules of fair competition.
b. government intervention in any economy is often unplanned and haphazard.
c. corporate decision making is often influenced by the needs of the community.
d. governments will provide directly for the social-welfare needs of the community.

35. A social democrat would strongly disagree with

a. the Source III cartoonist's depiction of the Mega-Corp.

b. the Source II idea that communities and corporations cooperate.
c. Friedman's belief that corporations should make profits.
d. Friedman's contention that corporations have only one social responsibility.

Use the following excerpt to answer question 36.

The state parliaments were abolished and their functions taken over by the central government.
…all political parties, with the exception of the Nazi’s were prohibited. Trade unions were
banned, and strikes were made illegal, since …the interests of private individuals and [certain]
sections of the population were sacrificed for the whole community. The electorate was
bombarded with Nazi propaganda … and in the plebiscite of 1933 … 96 percent of the voters
approved of all he had done.
from International Affairs 1890-1939

36. The 1933 results quoted above support which of the following generalizations?

a. An effective system of force and intimidation by storm troopers achieved national

goals.
b. The techniques used by the Nazis were successful in creating the appearance of
overwhelming support.
c. The German citizens believed that their military success depended on strong party
support.
d. A strong national party achieved the goals of the German people more efficiently.
 Use the following cartoon to answer questions 37 and 38.

37. The cartoon depicts a point of view regarding the economic practice of

a. downsizing.
b. deregulation.
c. devaluation.
d. decentralization.

38. Supporters of supply-side economics would justify the action depicted in the cartoon by
claiming that

a. business must help to fight government deficits.

b. the social welfare net will take care of the unemployed.
c. decreased production costs will create more investment capital for corporations.
d. new technologies used by businesses today require more government regulation.

Use the following excerpt to answer question 39.

Let welfare be a private concern. Let it be promoted by individuals and families, by churches,
by private hospitals, religious service organizations, community charities, and other institutions
that have been established for this purpose. If the objection is raised that private institutions
lack sufficient funds, let us remember that every penny the federal government does not
appropriate for welfare is potentially available for private use – and without the overhead
charge for processing the money through the federal bureaucracy.
from Socialism: Opposing Viewpoints

39. A proponent of this view would most likely support

a. an increase in pension and other social assistance benefits

b. the nationalization of industries as a means of job creation
c. a decrease in taxation rates for individuals and corporations
d. the discontinuation of gambling revenues to support charities
 Use the following information to answer questions 40 and 41.

40. Canadian supporters of the economic theory underlying the policy proposal indicated in
the diagram would also favour increased

a. spending on social programs.

b. subsidies to large corporations.
c. privatization of Crown corporations.
d. transfer payments to poorer provinces.

41. In theory, the economic policy proposal depicted in the diagram would be supported most
strongly by

a. a government employee.
b. an old age pensioner.
c. a factory worker.
d. an entrepreneur.
 Use the following sources to answer questions 42 to 44.

Source I

Source II

42. An individual holding neo-conservative beliefs would likely view the relief camps
described in Source I with

a. approval, because rules were in place to maintain control.

b. disapproval, because the emphasis on self-sufficiency was minimized.
c. disapproval, because the pay awarded to workers would not cover basic needs.
d. approval, because the rights of workers were protected by a limited workweek.
43. Information in Source II suggests that the communist movement in Canada during the
Depression

a. enjoyed support only in a few small and isolated communities

b. was encouraged by the actions of charismatic leaders at the national level
c. abandoned its support for revolutionary violence as a means of improving the lives of
workers
d. was largely a product of the desperation felt by many as economic conditions
worsened

44. Taken together, these sources support the generalization that during the Great
Depression, the Canadian government

a. hoped to maintain order and preserve the status quo

b. experimented with a variety of ways to eliminate hardship
c. adopted a more egalitarian view regarding the distribution of wealth
d. made scapegoats of individuals holding conflicting ideologies in order to maintain
popular support

Use the following statement to answer question 45.

The economic outline of the welfare state is as follows:

If you work hard and save part of what you earn, you will have to support others. If you don't,
they will support you. The inescapable conclusion is, therefore, that unemployment is the best
policy.

45. Given the cynical tone of the statement, which of the following points of view would its
writer support?

a. Despite its shortcomings, the welfare state is still the most viable economic system
because it attempts to achieve collective goals.
b. In the welfare state, the lack of incentives and material rewards for hard work
discourages self-sufficiency.
c. Hard work is the best policy because everyone in a welfare state is at least provided
with basic subsistence.
d. The same income disparity that exists among individuals in a market economy also
exists in a welfare state.
 Use the following diagram to answer question 46.

46. Each of the people identified in the diagram promoted the idea that

a. the power of the state over actions of individuals should be limited.

b. societies can only prosper and endure when collectivist values are emphasized.
c. the highest priority of governments should be to ensure the ruling elite maintains
political power.
d. because humans are corrupt by nature, their impulses need to be kept under control
by an authoritarian leader.

Use the following diagram to answer question 47.

47. Which of the following terms correctly replaces the question mark in the diagram?

a. Socialism
b. Communism
c. Keynesian economics
d. Supply-side economics
 Use the following excerpt to answer questions 48 and 49.

The New Deal programs created a liberal political alliance of labor unions, blacks
and other minorities, some farmers and others receiving government relief, and
intellectuals. The hardship brought on by the Depression affected Americans
deeply. Since the prevailing attitude of the 1920s was that success was earned, it
followed that failure was deserved. The unemployment brought on by the
Depression caused self-blame and self-doubt. Men were harder hit psychologically
than women were. Since men were expected to provide for their families, it was
humiliating to have to ask for assistance. Although some argued that women
should not be given jobs when many men were unemployed, the percentage of
women working increased slightly during the Depression. Traditionally female
fields of teaching and social services grew under New Deal programs. Children
took on more responsibilities, sometimes finding work when their parents could
not. As a result of living through the Depression, some people developed habits of
careful saving and frugality, others determined to create a comfortable life for
themselves.

African Americans suffered more than whites, since their jobs were often taken
away from them and given to whites. In the 1920s, 50 percent of blacks were
unemployed. However, Eleanor Roosevelt championed black rights, and New Deal
programs prohibited discrimination. Discrimination continued in the South,
however, as a result a large number of black voters switched from the Republican
to the Democrat party during the Depression.

The Great Depression and the New Deal changed forever the relationship between
Americans and their government. Government involvement and responsibility in
caring for the needy and regulating the economy came to be expected.
—from Surviving the Dust Bowl
WGBH Educational Foundation. “The Great Depression.” Surviving
the Dust Bowl. The American Experience. www.pbs.org. Reproduced
with permission from WGBH Educational Foundation Copyright © 2008

48. Information in the excerpt indicated that prior to the New Deal era, American social
values most strongly emphasized?

a. self-reliance.
b. class conflict.
c. national pride.
d. economic equality.

49. The writer suggests one result of the New Deal was

a. governments used fiscal policy reform to encourage entrepreneurship.

b. citizens became increasingly critical of the actions of large corporations.
c. governments placed a greater emphasis on promoting economic security.
d. citizens became increasingly suspicious of the motivation for government policy
changes.
 Use the following source to answer questions 50 to 52.

50. Which of the following issues most directly relates to the headlines of all four
newspapers?

a. To what extent should government alter monetary policy to control economic

growth?
b. To what extent should government support failing private industries during
recessions?
c. To what extent should government use fiscal policies as a means of managing the
economy?
d. To what extent should government nationalize industries to mitigate labour
reductions?
51. From the perspective of a laissez-faire economist, the headline that identifies the most
acceptable method of easing an economic problem is that of

a. The Tribune.
b. The Courier.
c. The Daily.
d. The Post.

52. From the perspective of a Marxist, these headlines offer proof that in market-oriented
economies

a. the means of production can be collectively owned without stifling productivity and
innovation.
b. divergent opinions regarding state intervention exist as a result of distinct economic
classes.
c. the means of production are of less economic importance than the supply of natural
resources.
d. class divisions have been largely eliminated by progressive social assistance
legislation.
 Use the following quotation to answer question 53.

“Again, during the transition from capitalism to Communism, suppression is

still necessary; but in this case it is suppression of the minority of exploiters by
the majority of the exploited.”
Lenin

53. Which of Lenin’s own actions may he have been attempting to justify with this
statement?

a. War Communism
b. The Five Year Plans
c. The New Economic Policy
d. The Night of the Long Knives

Use the following cartoon to answer questions 54 and 55.

54. The cartoon depicts superpower leaders implementing a policy of

a. détente
b. containment
c. brinkmanship
d. collective security
55. Which of the following actions occurred as a direct result of the situation depicted in the
cartoon?

a. Development of space-based weapons.

b. Increased production of nuclear weapons.
c. Improvement in communication between the superpowers.
d. Introduction of democratic reforms in communist countries.

Use the following diagram to answer question 56.

56. A commonality shown in the diagram is that each program

a satisfied public demands for expanded social-welfare programs designed to lessen

the effects of poverty.
b. represented an attempt to create greater economic cooperation among countries.
c. encouraged government spending on public works projects to end a recession.
d. represented an effort to stimulate economic revitalization.

Use the following source to answer question 57.

Only a few people possess the intelligence and ability to rule effectively.

57. A fascist would support this generalization by rationalizing that

a. the state must be concerned with community and family values rather than the
selfish goals of a few individuals
b. peoples’ beliefs and opinions should be widely disseminated to encourage social
cohesion and participation
c. the state must recognize and allow for the basic fact of human nature that only the
strong survive
d. the privileges of the individual must prevail over the collective welfare of society
 Use the following sources to answer questions 58 to 61.

A. Baron de Montesquieu – French philosopher

B. Thomas Hobbes – English philosopher
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau – French philosopher
D. Edmund Burke – English philosopher
58. The separation of powers into three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the
judicial will promote a democratic government where citizens must be active participants.

59. The French Revolution was not a movement towards a representative and constitutional
democracy, but rather the destruction of the traditional and proper authority. Governing
should be left to those of a proper upbringing as the majority of people in society are
unqualified to govern.

60. The people should make laws directly rather than have laws imposed upon them by high
authorities. In order to ensure stability and security people must, however, accept the
role of government to enforce the general will of society.

61. Government by a strong ruler is necessary in order to prevent life for individuals from
being nasty, brutish, and short. Therefore people must give up their natural right to
liberty in exchange for protection from harm.

Use the chart below to answer question 62.

1927 1930 1932 1935 1937 1940

Coal (million tons) 35 60 64 100 128 150
Steel (million tons) 3 5 6 13 18 189
Oil (million tons) 12 17 21 24 26 26
Electricity (million kW/h 18 22 20 45 80 90

62. These statistics, related to industrial production in the Soviet Union, support the
following argument:

a. Stalin’s Five Year Plans were unsuccessful.

b. Stalin’s Five Year Plans were successful.
c. Lenin’s War Communism was a success.
d. Lenin’s War Communism was a failure.
 Use the following slogans to answer question 63.

SEIZE THE ACT NOW!

INSTRUMENTS ACT
FOLLOW A FORCEFULLY!
OF POWER.
VANGUARD OF
LEADERSHIP.

63. These slogans are most likely associated with which event?

a. The Night of the Long Knives

b. The Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution
c. Stalin’s Five Year Plans
d. Stalin’s Great Purges

Use the following source to answer question 64.

The electoral support for fascism in Germany during the interwar years came
overwhelmingly from those of the middle class, in particular from those of the lower
middle class.

64. The main reason for the “electoral support” referred to in the comment is that these
classes were the most
a. distrustful of democratic politicians
b. attracted to the principles of collectivism
c. adversely affected by economic crisis and instability
d. directly vulnerable to the appeal of radical, left-wing ideas

65. A government that promotes individualism over collectivism would favour

a. a steeply progressive income-tax structure.

b. the bailout of failing private business.
c. the nationalization of major industries.
d. a deregulated business sector