The 18 Consonant Sounds The 5 Short Vowel Sounds

• b (bag, ribbon) • a (bat, after)

• e (egg, pet, bread, friend)
• d (dog, add, filled)
• i (pig, in, busy)
• f (fast, phone, laugh, half) • o (hop, off, awful, August)
• g (get, egg, ghost, guest) • u (fun, monkey, trouble)
• h (hot, who)
• j (jet, page, giraffe, edge) The 6 Long Vowel Sounds
• k (cat, pick, kite, box, queen)
• l (lip, fell) • a (made, maid, day, lady)
• e (feet, bean, these, be, candy)
• m (man, summer, climb, autumn) • i (pie, might, like)
• n (net, penny, know, gnat) • o (boat, bone, open, toe, sew)
• p (pan, happy) • u (you, mule)
• oo (few, blue, soup)
• r (rat, wrist)
• s (sip, ice, city, science) The 7 Digraphs Sounds
• t (top, Thomas, trapped) • ch (chip, patch, future)
• v (van, of, five) • sh (shop, fish)
• w (why, wait, queen, choir) • th (thing)
• th (this, the)
• y (yes, opinion) • wh (when)
• z (zap, fuzz, has, cheese) • ng (ring)
• nk (bunk)
• c, q, and x are found in other sounds.
• The c sound is found in the k sound (cat) and in
the s sound (city).
• The q sound is found in ‘kw’ Kwanza. The 5 Special Sounds,
• The x sound is found in ‘ks’ words like picks.
Diphthongs Included
The 3 R-Controlled Vowel Sounds
• oi (oil, toy)
• ar (car, part) • ow (cow, pouch)
• or (fork, north) • oo (book, pull)
• er/ir/ur (her, bird, hurt) • aw (raw, haul)
• zh (vision, treasure)

©Teacher’s Take-Out
 Phonograms List a ai ar

•ă (cat, back) •ā (paid, aid) •är (car, farm)

Vowels &
Consonants •ā (cake, bank)
•ä (father, wash)
au augh aw ay b

•ä (caught) •ä (awful, saw) •ā (play, say) •b (bun, cub)

•ä (pause, autumn) •ăf (laugh)

bu c cei ch ci

•b (buy) •k (cat, climb) •sē (receive) •ch (child, bench) •sh (spacious)
•s (cent, ceiling) •k (school)
•sh (chef)
ck d dge e ea

•k (brick, sack) •d (dog, bed) •j (dodge) •ě (bed, shell) •ē (bean, east)

•ē (he, these) •ě (bread, head)
•ā (great, bear)
ear ed ee ei eigh
•er (search) •ěd (handed) •ē (feet, bee) •ā (weight, vein) •ā (eight, sleigh)
•d (played) •ē (protein, receipt) • ī (height)
•t (picked) • ī (feisty)

er ew ey f g

•er (her, helper) •ö (flew, drew) •ē (key, honey) •f (fit, off) •g (gate, group)
•ū (few) •ā (they, prey) • j (giraffe, cage)

gn gu h i ie
• ĭ (mist, kid)
•n (gnat) •g (guide) •h (house) • ī (pie)
• ī (ice, find)
•gw (language) • ē (stadium) • ē (field)
• y (onion)
igh ir j k kn

•ī (high, light) •er (bird) •j (jump) •k (king, bike) •n (know, knife)

©Teacher’s Take-Out.com
 l m n ng o

•l (list, fill) •m (made) •n (no, pin) •ng (sing) •ŏ (hot, sock)

•ō (hole, hold)
•ö (to, do)
oa oe oi oo or
•ō (boat, soap) •ō (toe, poem) •oi (coin, soil) •ö (food, mood) •ōr (more, for)
•ö (shoe, canoe) •ü (hook, shook)
•ō (floor, poor)
ou ough ow oy
•ow (house, trout)
•ŏ (thought) •ow (bough) •ow (cow, owl) •oi (toy, oyster)
•ō (four, soul)
•ö (group, soup) •ō (dough) •ŭf (rough) •ō (snow, crow)
•ŭ (country, trouble) •ö (through) •ŏf (cough)
p ph qu r s

•p (pill, cap) •f (phone) •kw (quit, quiet) •r (rest, red) •s (slip, cats)
•z (has, his)

sh si t tch th
•sh (shoe, fish) •sh (session) •t (tip, bit) •ch (watch) •th (this)
•zh (division) •TH (thin)

ti u ui ur v
•ŭ (bus, undo) •er (hurt)
•sh (partial) •ö (fruit, bruise) •v (vest, have)
•ū (mule, pupil)
•ö (flute)
•ü (put)
w wh wor wr x

•w (with) •wh (where) •wer (worm, work) •r (wrong, write) •ks (ax, max)
•z (xylophone)

y z •ă (cat) • ĭ (kid) •ŭ (bus)

• y (yard, yes) •ā (cake) • ī (ice) •ū (mule)
• ē (family, happy) •z (zipper) •ä (wash) •ŏ (hot) •ü (put)
• ĭ (gym) •ě (bed) •ō (hole)
• ī (by, fly) •ē (he) •ö (do) ©Teacher’s Take-Out.com
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