ASSIGNMENT:

NAME: Sultan Shahab

CLASS: MLT
ROLL NO:041
SUBJECT:CLINICAL LAB
SUBBMITTED TO: MAM SABA
 WATER STILL
INTODUCTION:
Water stills, also called laboratory water distillers,
heat water to a volatile vapor phase thus separating it from nonvolatile
impurities. While the terms deionized and distilled water are often used
interchangeably, there are significant differences in the types of
impurities that are removed from each. Distilled water systems remove
more than just charged ions—they can filter out microbes, non-volatile
organic compounds, most minerals, and many chemicals.
While laboratory apparatuses to distill water through boiling and
collection of condensation have long been in use, modern laboratories
water distillation units offer a number of benefits over the manual
systems. Not only do these systems greatly speed and simplify water
distillation processes, many include built-in features to minimize
contamination risk.

PRINCIPLE:

The principle for operation of a distiller is simple. Water is

heated to boiling in an enclosed container. As the water evaporates,
inorganic chemicals, large non-volatile organic chemicals, and
microorganisms are left behind or killed off in the boiling chamber.

The steam then enters condensing coils or a chamber where

the steam is cooled by air or water and condenses back to a liquid. The
distilled water then goes into a storage container, usually 1.5 to 3
gallons.
PARTS :

 Return water pipr

 Snap joint
 Main lead
 Water level window
 congenser
 Evaporating boiler
 Steam nozzle
 Nameplate
 Control pensal
 Blowoff valve

APPLICATION:

The water still or water distillation units find its application

in testing of:

 For Distillation of Water (General Lab Use)

 Steel Manufacturing Units
 Ferrous and Alloy Steel Foundries
 Forging Units
 Wire manufacturing Units
 QA and QC testing laboratories.

PICTURE WITH PARTS:

Care use :
Most water stills use mains water for single
distillation and for cooling to condense the water vapour. Some of our
stills allow for feeding in pre‐treated or tank water for distillation;
water for cooling is also required.
All water still models require a mains water tap with
a ¾ inch garden hose type screw connection, to which a supplied filter
connection is attached. This is for the cooling water on all models. On
standard water stills this cooling water then passes into the boiler for
distillation. The water supply must be available at mains pressure. A
built‐in water flow regulator adjusts the water flowing into the still to
the rate required for correct operation. The still has a valve to stop
water flow. Hoses and fittings must be able to reliably withstand full
mains pressure.

Vortex mixer
Introduction:
The vortex mixer is a vital piece of equipment
commonly found in research laboratories to mix small samples of liquids
rapidly. The device was first developed in the 1960s by the Kraft
Brothers while being employed by the Scientific Industries.  The
combination of a small footprint and a high rpm together make the
vortex mixer an absolute necessity in any laboratory.

Principle:
The basic operation principle of a vortex mixer is the
centrifugal force.
It consists of an electric motor with the drive shaft oriented vertically
and attached to a cupped rubber piece mounted slightly off-center. As
the motor runs the rubber piece oscillates rapidly in a circular motion.
When a test tube or other appropriate container is pressed into the rubber
cup (or touched to its edge) the motion is transmitted to the liquid inside
and a vortex is created.

Parts and instrumentation:

Safety Precautions
The following precautions should be taken when
operating or working near the Vortex Mixer:
• CAUTION;APINCHPOINT EXISTSBETWEEN
CUPHEADANDENCLOSURE. •
Neveroperatetheunit
withoutashakingheadsecurelyattached.
• Alwayswearshatterproofeyeprotection.
•
Donotuseormixsolventsandflammablesonornearthemi
xer.
•
Shakehazardoussamplesinappropriatecontainmentvess
els.
•
Repairshouldbeperformedonlybyqualifiedindividuals
•
Protectionimpairmentmayresultifusedinamannernotsp
ecifiedbythemanufacturer.

Safety Precautions:
The following precautions should be taken when
operating or working near the Vortex Mixer:
• CAUTION;APINCHPOINT EXISTSBETWEEN
CUPHEADANDENCLOSURE. •
Neveroperatetheunit
withoutashakingheadsecurelyattached.
• Alwayswearshatterproofeyeprotection.
•
Donotuseormixsolventsandflammablesonornearthemi
xer.
•
Shakehazardoussamplesinappropriatecontainmentvess
els.
•
Repairshouldbeperformedonlybyqualifiedindividuals
•
Protectionimpairmentmayresultifusedinamannernotsp
ecifiedbythemanufacturer.