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CSU – IGA
Competence
Instructor: Engr. Caesar P. Llapitan Date: December 23, 2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Table of Contents 1
Introduction 2-4
Conclusion 30
References 31
1
INTRODUCTION
such as distance, time, and accuracy are all great things to measure. Measurements
is one of the key why we have this kind of life, the way we think was shaped by
Dimensions are physical quantities that can be measured while units are
Almost all engineering problems must include units. All units for the same
dimensions are related to each other through a conversion factor. There are two unit
system that was in measuring the English unit system and the metric unit system.
The most widely used is metric unit system for the reason that it is much easier to
use than English unit system. When you convert it with other physical quantity the
There are seven primary dimensions to be exact those are: mass, length,
time, temperature, electric current, amount of light, and amount of matter. Primary
engineering usually used this as the basic step in a process. Properly executing the
measurement.
Converting from a certain unit to a new unit of measurement but still have the
same quantity is the sole definition of conversion of units. It is usually done through
multiplicative conversion factors. There are three steps to convert a unit from a
different unit. First, write the conversion as a fraction then multiply it out and lastly,
justify the equal sign in the equation. Not only the quantity should be the same but
also the unit that was used should also be the same. This is an engineering
the significant figures. It deals mainly with the precision and accuracy of numbers.
Our everyday life depends on measuring tools. With this regard, to highlight the
3
dimensional consistency and to apply significant figures to find the final answers of
Objectives:
4
Understand the difference between Units and Dimensions.
Solutio
n:
2 2
(b) 30 N/m to lbf/ft
9 . 4782×10−4 BTU
16J⋅ =0 . 015BTU
IJ
n:
5
Solutio
1000W 1J/s
4 . 21kW⋅ ⋅ =4210J/s
n: 1kW 1W
Solutio
n: 0 . 0022lb
235g⋅ =0 . 517lb
1g
Solutio 0 . 03531467ft3
610L⋅ =21. 54ft3
1L
n:
30g 0 . 0022lb 1L lb
⋅ ⋅ =1 . 8689 3
L 1g 0 . 03531467ft 3
ft
6
Solutio
n: 2 2
(d) 14.7 lb/in to kg/cm
n: GIVEN
m=1ton
v =60mi/hr
1
KE= mv2
1.1C 2
W 2000lbs
m= =
Solutio g 32 .2ft/s 2
n: 60mi 5280ft 1hr ft
v= ⋅ ⋅ =88
hr 1mi 3600s s
Execute:
1 2000lbs ft 2
KE=
(
2 32 . 2ft/s2 )( )
88
s
=240496 .89ft . lbf
and second floors of a building 100 ft high. The greatest velocity the
elevator attains is 3 ft/s. How much kinetic energy does the elevator
7
GIVEN
m=10000lb
v =3ft/s
1
KE= mv 2
2
W 10000lb
m= =
g 32 .2ft/s 2
Execute:
1 10000lb
KE=
(
2 32 . 2ft/s2 )
( 3ft/s )2
2
h Cμ 3 0.023
CG k DG/μ 0.2
2
thermal conductivity, Btu/(hr)(ft )(°F)/ft; D = pipe diameter, ft; and G =
2
mass velocity, lb/(hr)(ft ) of cross section. What are the units of the heat
transfer coefficient h?
2
h Cμ 3 0.023
The Colburn equation is
CG k DG/μ 0.2
Solutio
n: Where:
8
Btu
C heat capacity,
(lb of fluid)( F)
lb
μ viscosity,
(hr)(ft)
Btu
k thermal conductivi ty,
(hr)(ft 2
)( F)
D pipe diameter, ft
lb
G mass velocity, 2
(hr)(ft )
Execute:
Btu lb m
h CG
(lb m )( F) h ft2
Btu
h
( F) h ft 2
1.1F 235
Countercurrent gas centrifuges have been used to separate U from
238
U. The rate of diffusive transport is K = 2πDρr . If K = rate of
3
(cm of height); D = diffusion coefficient; ρ = molar density, g moles/cm ;
and r = log mean radius, (r2 – r1)/ln (r2/r1), with r in cm, what are the units
of D?
Solutio
n:
Given:
9
K 2Dr
g mol
K
s cm
g mol
ρ
cm 3
r cm
Execute:
g mol g mol
cm D
s cm cm 3
g mol
D s cm
g mol
cm
cm 3
g mol cm 2
D
s cm g mol
cm
D
s
Form.
ρ A BT e Cp
a.) The equation is dimensionally consistent. What are the units of A, B, and C?
10
Solution:
3
A is in g / cm
B is in g / cm (C)
3
1
Since the exponent of e must be dimensionless, the unit of C is atm
b.) In the units above, A = 1.096, B = 0.00086, and C = 0.000953. Find A, B, and
Solution:
11
Section 1.2 Operations with Units
Objectives:
Solutio
n: 1mol
gmole=100g⋅ =2. 273gmolCO2
44g
lb
Solutio 3 .5gmol⋅14g⋅ =0 .11lb
454g
n:
Solutio
n:
12
58 . 436lb 454gNaCl
120lbmolNaCl⋅ ⋅ =9 . 18×106 gNaCl
1lbmolNaCl 1lb
Solutio
n:
58 . 436g 1lb
120gmol⋅ ⋅ =15 . 445lb
1gmol 454g
Solutio
454g 1gmol
120lb⋅ ⋅ =932. 30gmol
n: 1lb 58. 436g
1lb 1lbmol
120g⋅ ⋅ =0 .0045lbmol
454g 58. 436lb
Solutio
n:
13
Objectives:
formulas.
3
following units: (a) lb mol/gal, (b) lb/ft , (c) g/L, (d) lb H2SO4/lb H2O, and (e)
(a) lb mol/gal
Sp=1 .22
Solutio H 2 SO 4 density=(1. 22)(0 . 0624 )=0 . 076128lb/ft 3
n:
14
density 0.0762128
cocentrati on of H 2 SO 4
mw 98.079
0.0007762 lb mol/ft 3
1ft 3
(0.0007762 lb mol/ft 3 )
7.481gal
0.0001038 lb mol/gal
(b) lb/ft3
Answer
3
Concentration of H2SO4 = 0.076128lb /ft
:
(c) g/L
g/L
Solutio (0.076128l bmol/ft 3 )16.018
1lb/ft 3
n: 1.220g/L
n:
A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons contains 10.0 percent n-heptane, 40.0
15
60 F
60 F
gravities of the pure components are
60 F
60 F
a.) What is the specific gravity of 93 lb of this mixture.
To find for the volume of each compound and the specific gravity of the
ρ mixture
Specific gravity
ρ reference
Solutio
Execute:
n:
Volume of n-heptane
V1
0.1 93 lb
13.58 lb
0.685 ρ ref ρ ref
Volume of n-octane
V2
0.4 93 lb
52.77 lb
0.705 ρ ref ρ ref
Volume of i-pentane
V3
0.5 93 lb
74.76 lb
0.622 ρ ref ρ ref
Therefore, specific gravity of the mixture is:
16
ρ mixture
Specific gravity
ρ reference
93 lb
V1 V2 V3
ρ ref
93 lb
13.58 lb 52.77 lb 74.76 lb
ρ ref ρ ref ρ ref
ρ ref
0.659
1.3C Convert 17.2 ppm NH3 in water to the equivalent number of ppm of
Solution:
We are given with the concentration of NH3 in ppm unit and we are asked to
convert the ppm of NH3 in water to the ppm of NH3 gas in water vapor.
Execute:
1mg
0.494 ppm
cm 3
Converting :
17.2 ppm 0.494pm 8.4968 ppm
17.2 ppm NH3 is equivalent to 8.4968 ppm NH3 gas in water vapor.
1.3D Five thousand barrels of 28°API gas oil are blended with 20,000 bbl of 15°
API fuel oil. What is the °API (API gravity) of the mixture? What is the density
17
3
in lb/gal and lb/ft ?
API=28 Degrees
lb
ρ 1 7.396
gal
42 gal
Volume(V ) 5000 barrel
1
1 barrel
V1 5000 42gal 1 bbl 42 gal
mass(m )
density( ρ1 ) 1
volume(v 1)
m1 ρ 1 v1
lb
7.396 5000 42gal
gal
m 1 7.396 5000 42 lb
18
Fuel oil
volume (v 2 ) 2000bbl
API 15
ρ fueloil 141.5
ρ water API 131.5
141.5
ρ 2 ρ fueloil ( ρ water )
15 131.5
141.5 kg
999 3
15 131.5 m
kg
964.904 3
m
kg 1lb 1m 3
964.904 3
m 0.453592kg 264.172gal
lb
ρ 2 8.05252
gal
42gal
volume(v 2 ) 20000bbl 20000 42gal
1bbl
m2 ρ 2 v2
m 2 8.0525 20000 42lb
19
Section 1.4 Dimensional Consistency (Homogeneity)
Objectives:
Check the units of a solution they have reached and verify that they are
precise.
1.4A A mixture of gases is analyzed and found to have the following composition:
CO2 12.0%
CO 6.0
CH4 27.3
H2 9.9
N2 44.8
Solutio
n:
Component Mole % Mole Fraction Molar Mass
CO2 12.0% 0.12 44
CO 6.0 0.06 28
CH4 27.3 0.273 16
H2 9.9 0.099 2
N2 44.8 0.448 28
20
(0.12)(44) (0.06)(28) (0.273)(16 ) (0.099)(2) (0.448)(28 )
24.07g/mol
24.07lb/lb mol
CH4 30%
H2 10%
N2 60%
What is the average molecular weight of this gas?
Solution:
w total
Average weight
n total
where w total is the total weight of sample and n total is the total number of moles
21
Weight (w) = (molar mass)(mole)
Objectives:
22
Apply the concept of significant figures to limit a measurement to
The standard reads –22°F. What should the other two thermometers
GIVEN:−22 ° F
Fahrenheit→Celsius
−22° F−32
=−30° C
1. 8
Celsius→Kelvin
−30 °C +273 .15=243 .15K
1.5B Mercury boils at 630K. What is its boiling temperature expressed in °C?
In °F? In °R?
GIVEN:630K
Kelvin→Celsius
630K−273 .15=356 .85°C
Kelvin→Fahrenheit
630K ( 1.8 )−459 .67=674 .33 ° F
Kelvin→Rankine
630K ( 1.8 )=1134 ° R
23
Section 1.6 Validation of Problem Solutions
Objectives:
24
1.6B The pressure gauge on the steam condenser for a turbine indicates
26.2 in. Hg of vacuum. The barometer reading is 30.4 in. Hg. What is
Soluti
on:
14.7psia
p (30.4 26.2) in Hg
29.92 in Hg
2.06 psia
Tank
∆h = 20 in Hg
Solution:
25
Section 1.7: Stoichiometry
Objectives:
1.7A How many grams of chromic sulfide will be formed from 0.718 grams
26
Soluti
on.
1 mole Cr2 O 3
0.718g Cr2 O 3 4.723995 10 3 mole Cr2 O 3
151.99 g Cr2 O 3
2 mol Cr2 S 3
4.723995 10 3 mole Cr2 O 3 4.723995 10 3 mole Cr2 S 3
2 mol Cr2 O 3
200.19 g Cr2 S 3
4.723995 10 3 mole Cr2 S 3 0.945 g Cr2 S 3
1 mol Cr2 S 3
1.7B A barytes composed of 100 percent BaSO4 is fused with carbon in the
BaSO4 11.1%
BaS 72.8
C 13.9
Ash 2.2
100.%
Reaction:
Solution:
27
Basis: 100 kg of fusion mass
BaSO 4 0.0476 mol 0.430 mol 0.4776 mol BaSO 4 is the limiting reactant
C 1.16 mol 4(0.430 mol) 2.88 mol
2.88 - 1.91
% excess 100 50.79% excess C
1.91
0.4776 - 0.0476
Degree of Completion 0.90
0.4776
28
Conclusion
The problems that were solved in this chapter defines and aligns the basic
knowledge learned about the concepts with the advanced points that moves these
stoichiometry are important and therefore must be handled critically, applying the
thoroughly.
29
REFERENCES:
30