International Standards

and Recommended Practices

Annex 14
to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation

Aerodromes
Volume I
Aerodrome Design and Operations

This edition incorporates all amendments

adopted by the Council prior to 28 February 2013
and supersedes, on 14 November 2013, all previous
editions of Annex 14, Volume I.

For information regarding the applicability

of Standards and Recommended Practices,
see Chapter 1, 1.2 and Foreword.

Sixth Edition
July 2013

International Civil Aviation Organization

Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

Table 6-1. Characteristics of obstacle lights

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Peak intensity (cd) at given Background

Luminance (b)
Light
Signal type/ Day Twilight Night Distribution
Light Type Colour (flash rate) (Above 500 cd/m2) (50-500 cd/m2) (Below 50 cd/m2) Table

Low-intensity, Type A Red Fixed

N/A N/A 10
(fixed obstacle) Table 6-2

Low-intensity, Type B Red Fixed

N/A N/A 32
(fixed obstacle) Table 6-2

Low-intensity, Type C Yellow/Blue Flashing

N/A 40 40
(mobile obstacle) (a) (60-90 fpm) Table 6-2

Low-intensity, Type D Yellow Flashing

N/A 200 200
(follow-me vehicle) (60–90 fpm) Table 6-2

Medium-intensity, Type A White Flashing

20 000 20 000 2 000
(20–60 fpm) Table 6-3

Medium-intensity, Type B Red Flashing

N/A N/A 2 000
(20–60 fpm) Table 6-3

Medium-intensity, Type C Red Fixed N/A N/A 2 000 Table 6-3

High-intensity, White Flashing

200 000 20 000 2 000
Type A (40–60 fpm) Table 6-3

High-intensity, White Flashing

100 000 20 000 2 000
Type B (40–60 fpm) Table 6-3

a) See 6.2.2.6
b) For flashing lights, effective intensity as determined in accordance with the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 4.

14/11/13 6-4
Chapter 6 Annex 14 —Aerodromes

>4.5 m <4.5 m

>4.5 m >1.5 m

<4.5 m >1.5 m

White
Orange or red

Figure 6-1. Basic marking patterns

Table 6-4. Marking band widths

Longest dimension
Greater than Not exceeding Band width

1.5 m 210 m 1/7 of longest dimension

210 m 270 m 1/9 ’’ ’’ ’’
270 m 330 m 1/11 ’’ ’’ ’’
330 m 390 m 1/13 ’’ ’’ ’’
390 m 450 m 1/15 ’’ ’’ ’’
450 m 510 m 1/17 ’’ ’’ ’’
510 m 570 m 1/19 ’’ ’’ ’’
570 m 630 m 1/21 ’’ ’’ ’’

6.2.3.4 Recommendation.— An object should be coloured in a single conspicuous colour if its projection on any
vertical plane has both dimensions less than 1.5 m. Orange or red should be used, except where such colours merge with the
background.

Note.— Against some backgrounds it may be found necessary to use a different colour from orange or red to obtain
sufficient contrast.

Marking by flags

6.2.3.5 Flags used to mark fixed objects shall be displayed around, on top of, or around the highest edge of, the object.
When flags are used to mark extensive objects or groups of closely spaced objects, they shall be displayed at least every 15 m.
Flags shall not increase the hazard presented by the object they mark.

6.2.3.6 Flags used to mark fixed objects shall not be less than 0.6 m on each side

6-7 14/11/13
Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

A?

See 6.2.3.11
B

H C
H

A Rooftop pattern
A? Plain roof pattern
B Curved surface
C Skeleton structure

Note.— H is less than 45 m for the examples shown above.

For greater heights intermediate lights must be added as shown below.

N1

Light spacing (X) in accordance with Appendix 6

Y N2
Number of levels of lights = N = Y (metres)
X (metres)

Figure 6-2. Examples of marking and lighting of tall structures

14/11/13 6-8
 APPENDIX 6. LOCATION OF LIGHTS ON OBSTACLES

630 m

600 m

550 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light Type A
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m

450 m

e
nc
na
400 m

rte
pu
ap
ng
350 m di
clu
in
e
ur
ct
tru

300 m
ls
ta
to
of
p
To

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 45 m 105 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Note.— High-intensity obstacle lighting is recommended on structures with a height of more than 150 m above ground
level. If medium-intensity lighting is used, marking will also be required.

Figure A6-1. Medium-intensity flashing-white obstacle lighting system, Type A

ANNEX 14 — VOLUME I APP 6-1 14/11/13

Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

630 m

600 m

550 m

Medium-intensity obstacle light Type B

Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m
Low-intensity obstacle light Type B
450 m

e
nc
na
400 m

rte
pu
ap
ng
di
350 m

c lu
in
e
ur
ct
tr u
300 m
ls
ta
to
of
p
To

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 45 m 105 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Note.— For night-time use only.

Figure A6-2. Medium-intensity flashing-red obstacle lighting system, Type B

14/11/13 APP 6-2

Appendix 6 Annex 14 — Aerodromes

630 m

600 m

550 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light Type C
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m

450 m

e
nc
na
400 m

rte
pu
ap
ng
di
350 m

cl u
in
e
ur
ct
t ru
300 m
ls
ta
to
of
p
To

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 45 m 105 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Note.— For night-time use only.

Figure A6-3. Medium-intensity fixed-red obstacle lighting system, Type C

APP 6-3 14/11/13

Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

630 m

600 m

550 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type B < 50 cd/m 2
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

Type A > 50 cd/m 2

500 m
Low-intensity obstacle light
Type B < 50 cd/m 2
450 m

e
nc
na
400 m

rte
pu
ap
ng
di
350 m

clu
in
e
ur
ct
t ru
300 m
ls
ta
to
of
p
To

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 45 m 105 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Note.— High-intensity obstacle lighting is recommended on structures with a height of more than 150 m above ground
level. If medium-intensity lighting is used, marking will also be required.

Figure A6-4. Medium-intensity dual obstacle lighting system, Type A/Type B

14/11/13 APP 6-4

Appendix 6 Annex 14 — Aerodromes

630 m

600 m

550 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type C < 50 cd/m 2
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

Type A > 50 cd/m 2

500 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type C < 50 cd/m 2
450 m

e
nc
na
400 m

rt e
pu
ap
g
in
ud
350 m

cl
in
e
ur
ct
t ru
300 m
ls
ta
to
of
p
To

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 45 m 105 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Note.— High-intensity obstacle lighting is recommended on structures with a height of more than 150 m above ground
level. If medium-intensity lighting is used, marking will also be required.

Figure A6-5. Medium-intensity dual obstacle lighting system, Type A/Type C

APP 6-5 14/11/13

Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

630 m

600 m

550 m
High-intensity obstacle light Type A
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m

450 m

e
ur
ct
ru
400 m

st
n
ai
m
of
p
To
350 m

300 m

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 150 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Figure A6-6. High-intensity flashing-white obstacle lighting system, Type A

14/11/13 APP 6-6

Appendix 6 Annex 14 — Aerodromes

630 m

600 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type B < 50 cd/m 2
Type A > 50 cd/m 2
550 m
High-intensity obstacle light Type A > 50 cd/m 2 and
Medium-intensity obstacle light Type B < 50 c d/m 2
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m
Low-intensity obstacle light
Type B < 50 cd/m 2
450 m

e
ur
ct
ru
400 m

st
n
Antenna light appurtenance exceeding

ai
m
12 m above structure

of
p
To
350 m

300 m

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 150 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Figure A6-7. High-/medium-intensity dual obstacle lighting system, Type A/Type B

APP 6-7 14/11/13

Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I

630 m

600 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type C < 50 cd/m 2
Type A > 50 cd/m 2
550 m
High-intensity obstacle light Type A > 50 cd/m 2 and
Medium-intensity obstacle light Type C < 50 c d/m 2
Height of lights on structure in metres above ground level

500 m
Medium-intensity obstacle light
Type C < 50 cd/m 2
450 m

e
ur
ct
ru
st
400 m

n
Antenna light appurtenance exceeding

ai
m
12 m above structure

of
p
To
350 m

300 m

250 m

200 m

150 m

100 m

50 m

0
0 150 m 210 m 315 m 420 m 525 m 630 m

Height of structure in metres above ground level

Figure A6-8. High-/medium-intensity dual obstacle lighting system, Type A/Type C

______________________

14/11/13 APP 6-8