Accepted Manuscript

Numerical study of thermal and flow characteristics for a fin-and-tube

heat exchanger with arc winglet type vortex generators

Hui Han , Shaowei Wang , Li Sun , Yuxing Li , Shuo Wang

PII: S0140-7007(18)30410-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.021
Reference: JIJR 4147

To appear in: International Journal of Refrigeration

Please cite this article as: Hui Han , Shaowei Wang , Li Sun , Yuxing Li , Shuo Wang ,
Numerical study of thermal and flow characteristics for a fin-and-tube heat exchanger
with arc winglet type vortex generators, International Journal of Refrigeration (2018), doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.021

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Highlights

 Three new types of arc-winglet vortex generator (VG) are proposed.

 The two types of planar arc-winglet VGs improve the secondary flow behind the
tubes.
 The curved arc VG can effectively guide more fluid into the region behind the tubes.
 The comprehensive performance for curved arc VG is better than that of planar arc
VG.

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Numerical study of thermal and flow characteristics for a fin-and-tube heat exchanger with arc

winglet type vortex generators

Hui Han, Shaowei Wang, Li Sun, Yuxing Li*, Shuo Wang

Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Safety in Shandong Province,

China University of Petroleum (F Huadong ), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China

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Corresponding author. Tel: (+86) 532 8698 1818; fax: (+86) 29 8266 5445

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E-mail address: liyx@upc.edu.cn

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Abstract

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Vortex generator can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance on the fin surface by

introducing the secondary flow and intensifying the mixing of fluid. In this study, four new types of
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arc-winglet vortex generator (VG) are proposed and the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulation
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was employed to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results indicate that

compared with the conventional rectangular-winglet VG, the two types of plane arc VGs provide a
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significant improvement on the size of secondary flow behind the tubes and all the wake region size of
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the fins with the four types of arc-winglet VGs decreased to some extent, especially for the two types

of curved arc VGs. The heat transfer enhancement of the fin with curved arc VGs is mainly completed
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by guiding more fluid to flow into the previous wake region and then scour the downstream tubes
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directly. In addition, compared with the rectangular-winglet VGs, the Nusselt number averagely

increases by 11.5% for the equal-perimeter arc VGs fin, 19.9% for the curved equal-area arc VGs fin,

and 35.9% for the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin. Although the equal-perimeter arc VG and the

curved equal-perimeter arc VG have the same geometry size, the Nusselt number of the fin with the

former one averagely increases by 22.2% while the pressure drop only increases by 13.5%.

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Keywords: Arc-winglet vortex generator; Fin-and-tube heat exchanger; Heat transfer enhancement;

Secondary flow

Nomenclature

Ac minimum flow cross-sectional area (m2)

Af fin surface area (m2)

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A0 total surface area (m2)

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Dc tube outside diameter (m)

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Fp fin pitch (m)

h
friction factor

heat transfer coefficient (W m-2 K-1)

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H hydraulic diameter based on the double fin pitch (m)
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j Colburn factor

l base chord length of VG (m)

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Nu Nusselt number
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p pressure (Pa)

m mass flow rate (kg s-1)

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Re Reynolds number based on 2 times fin pitch

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T temperature (K)

u, v, w velocity components in x-, y-, z- directions (m s-1)

um mean velocity at the minimum flow cross-sectional area (m s-1)

x, y, z Cartesian coordinates (m)

Greek Symbols

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 attack angle of the delta winglet (deg)

δf fin thickness (m)

μ dynamic viscosity (kg m-1 s-1)

ρ density (kg m-3)

λ thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1)

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hf fin efficiency

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h0 surface efficiency

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Subscripts

in
fin

inlet
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out outlet
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w tube wall

1. Introduction
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Fin-and-tube heat exchangers have been widely used in many engineering application, e.g., ventilation
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and refrigeration systems. But compared to the heat transfer in the inner tubes, the heat transfer in the

air-side is poor due to the thermal-physical properties of air. In order to decrease the air-side convection
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resistance, lots of research have been done mainly focusing on developing new fin structures and
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enhancement technology, and abundant of new fin structures have been proposed based on the different

enhancement mechanisms. Among these methods, punched or mounted vortex generators (VGs) on the

fin surface are considered to be a very promising passive enhancement strategy.

Up to now, many types of VGs have been investigated for heat transfer enhancement of the air-side and

the triangular, rectangular and trapezoid wings and winglets earn most attentions [1]. Fiebig et al. [2]

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studied the heat transfer enhancement by using longitudinal VG with different shapes in the rectangular

channel. Biswas et al. [3] investigated the heat transfer characteristics in a channel with a built-in

circular tube and winglet type VG. Wang et al. [4] utilized a dye-injection technique to visualize the

flow structure for an enlarged plain fin-and-tube heat exchanger with annular and delta winglet VGs.

Leu et al. [5] studied the heat transfer and flow characteristics in the plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers

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with inclined block shape VGs. Qu and Tao [6] numerically investigated the heat transfer performance

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of a rectangular channel with a pair of rectangular-winglet VGs punched out from the wall of the

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channel. Zhou et al. [7] experimentally studied the thermal and flow characteristics of the curved

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trapezoidal winglet type VGs in laminar, transitional and fully turbulent flow region. Zhou et al. [8]

experimentally investigated the performance of planar and curved winglet type VGs with and without
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holes. Lu et al. [9] numerically studied the performance of plane and curved winglet-pair VGs in a
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rectangular channel and the optimum attack angle for curved VGs. Lu et al. [10] also numerically

studied the performance of planar and curved winglet type VG pairs with punched holes, and the
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results indicated that the optimal ratio of hole area to VG face area is 0.06 considering overall
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performance. Gong et al. [11] studied a novel fin with punched curve rectangular vortex generators

(CRVGs) and the optimal geometric and spatial configurations of CRVGs were also screened.
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Khoshvaght-Aliabadi et al. [12] proposed and studied a new design of corrugated/vortex-generator

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plate-fin.

In addition, lots of research have been concentrated on the geometry parameters and spatial

arrangement of the VGs on the fin surface, which could affect the heat transfer performance. Biswas et

al. [13] studied the effects of longitudinal vortices on fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel with

single delta winglet. Salviano et al. [14] numerically investigated the optimum design for winglet type

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VGs which built-in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger with two-row of tubes in a staggered tube

arrangement. Lei et al. [15] studied the effects of the aspect ratio and the attack angle of a delta-winglet

VG on hydrodynamics and heat transfer performance for a heat exchanger in staggered tube

arrangement. Torii et al. [16] proposed a common-flow-up VG arrangement strategy which can

simultaneously provide an increase in heat transfer and make a reduction in pressure loss for a

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fin-and-tube heat exchanger at relatively low Reynolds number. By using the Taguchi method, Zeng et

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al. [17] studied the effects of attack angle, length of vortex generator, height of vortex generator, etc.

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Wu and Tao [18] numerically investigated the effects of the location of VG, geometric sizes, and the

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shape of VG on the heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in a rectangular channel. Joardar and

Jacobi [19] experimentally evaluated the potential of winglet type vortex generator arrays for multi-row
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inline-tube heat exchangers by full-scale wind-tunnel testing. He et al. [20] also proposed a VG array
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deployed in a V-like configuration by imitating the formations of the animal group movement to create

constructive interference between vortices. Salviano et al. [21] conducted a thermal-hydraulic

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performance optimization of inline and staggered compact fin-tube heat exchangers by applying
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longitudinal VGs.

Based on the above literatures, although the effectiveness of various VGs on heat transfer enhancement
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have been definitely confirmed in many types of compact heat exchangers, finding the optimal VG
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geometry and parameters to reach an ideal heat transfer performance with a small pressure loss penalty

is still a great challenge. In this study, four new types of VG called arc-winglet VG with detailed

geometry dimensions are proposed and all of the four new types of arc-winglet VGs were applied in a

compact fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Their fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were

numerically studied and examined to evaluate the heat transfer performance and flow resistance via the

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comparisons with each other and the conventional rectangular-winglet VG. Firstly, for the fin channel

with new types of VGs, the overall pathline and the local secondary flow distribution on a cross section

behind a tube were studied. And then, an analysis of the effects of the fluid flow on the velocity and

temperature fields of the fin channel with the five types of VGs was completed. Finally, the heat

transfer performance and flow resistance of the fins with five different types of VGs were studied

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quantitatively based on the previous qualitative analysis.

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2. Model descriptions

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2.1 Physical model

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Fig. 1(a) presents a schematic diagram for the core region of a planar fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The

VGs are mounted on the fin surface and placed symmetrically on both sides of the heat transfer tubes in
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an inline arrangement. In this study, the new types of VGs called arc-winglet VG which includes two
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different planar arc-winglet VGs and two different curved arc-winglet VGs are proposed. All of the

four types of arc-winglet VGs are characterized by the arc-shape surface which could be plane or
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curved as shown in Fig. 1(c).

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In the sections below, one of the planar arc-winglet VGs has the same perimeter as that of the

rectangular-winglet VG will be called as equal-perimeter arc VG and the other one has the same area
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size as that of the rectangular-winglet VG will be called as equal-area arc VG. Fig. 1(c) is given for
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easy understanding about the geometry size parameters of the new types of VGs. In addition, the

placement position of the planar and curved arc-winglet VGs is given in Fig. 1(b). To further improve

the heat transfer performance, the equal-area arc VG is bent into the curved equal-area arc VG and the

equal-perimeter arc VG is bent into the curved equal-perimeter arc VG. The 3-d sketch of the curved

arc VGs are shown in Fig. 1(c). Finally, the detailed geometry dimensions and computational

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conditions are listed in Table 1.

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(a) The core region of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger

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(b) The geometry dimension and layout position of plane and curved arc-winglet VGs
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(c) The geometry dimension for three plane VGs and a sketch for the curved arc VG
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Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger with VG placements

Table 1. The global parameters of the heat exchanger and computational conditions
Parameter Size or value
Tube diameter (Dc) 10.67 mm
Transverse tube spacing (Pt) 25.4 mm
Longitudinal tube spacing (Pl) 25.4 mm
Fin pitch (Fp) 5.5 mm
Fin thickness (δf) 0.18 mm
Frontal velocity (uin) 0.5~2.5 m/s
Inlet temperature of air (Tin) 310.6 K
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Wall temperature (Tw) 291.8 K

Winglet attack angle (β) 15°
Tube bank number (N) 7
Thermal conductivity of the fin (λ) λ = 204 Wm-1K-1

Fig. 2 presents the computational region and boundary conditions of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger

with VGs. In the x-direction, the region outlined in the shadow is selected as the computational domain

due to symmetry of the fin structure. In the z-direction, two neighboring parallel fin surfaces are taken

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as the upper and lower boundaries. At the inlet, the computational domain is extended one time of tube

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spacing from the entrance to the upstream region to ensure a uniform velocity distribution. At the exit,

five times of tube spacing is extended downstream to avoid recirculation and ensure the outflow

boundary condition can be applied.

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Fig. 2 The schematic of the computational domain

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2.2 Governing equations and boundary conditions

The fluid medium in the fin-side is air at room temperature and close to the ordinary pressure. Thus, the
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air could be assumed to be incompressible fluid with constant thermophysical properties. The flow in

the fin channel of fin-and-tube heat exchanger is considered to be at laminar and steady state due to the

low air inlet velocity and the narrow fin space. It should be noted that in recent years some researchers

[22] recommend SST k-ω model in this case. But considering the calculation results difference of the

two models is acceptable in current Re range, the laminar model is still adopted in this study. The tube

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surface temperature is set to be constant and the thermal resistance between the tube and fin collar is

ignored. The conjugated heat transfer problem between the fluid and solid is solved to obtain the

temperature distribution in the fin surface considering the effect of fin thickness on the heat transfer

performance. The basic governing equations, including continuity equation, momentum equation, and

energy equation, are solved to obtain the fluid flow and temperature field information. At last, for all

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boundaries, boundary conditions used in the numerical simulation are assigned for the elliptic

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equations. The detailed description for the governing equations and boundary conditions can be found

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in Ref. [15].

2.3 Numerical methods and grid generation

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In this study, FLUENT is employed to solve the governing equations with the corresponding conditions.
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Multi-block hybrid meshes are adopted in the fin coil region as shown in Fig. 3. The grid independence
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is examined by using different grid systems as shown in Fig. 4 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of

simulation results. The results show that the gird cells number could be regarded as abundant when the
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difference in averaged Nusselt number and pressure drop is less than 3% with the increase of the grid
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cells. Therefore, the final adopted grid cell number is 1,600,000 for the fin with rectangular-winglet VG.

For the other four types of arc-winglet VGs fin, the value of the grid cell number is in the same level.
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The Grid Convergence Index method [23-24] was used to obtain the grid discretization errors due
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to the grid refinements. The averaged GUI value is 0.5% for the heat transfer and 0.3% for the

pressure drop penalty.

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Fig. 3 The computational grid system

30 35
Nu p

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Grid number 1250000 30
25 Grid number 1480000

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25
Grid number 1600000
Grid number 2300000 20
20

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Nu

10
15
5

10

400 800
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0

-5
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Re

Fig. 4 Comparison of the averaged Nusselt number and pressure drop with different grid number
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2.4 Parameter definitions

For the fin-and-tube heat exchanger, the flow condition can be described by the Reynolds number
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based on the double fin pitch, and the heat transfer and pressure drop performance can be characterized
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by the Colburn j-factor and friction factor. The definitions of them are expressed as follow:

h p Ac
Re  um H /  , j  Pr 2 3 , f   (1)
 um c p
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1 2 A0
 um
2

The mean heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of the fin are determined by:
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Q
h (2)
A0 T0
Af
0  1  (1 f ) (3)
A0

Nu  hH /  (4)

The log-mean temperature T difference is defined by:

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(Tw  Tin )  (Tw  Tout )

T = (5)
ln[(Tw  Tin ) / (Tw  Tout )]

The average temperature and pressure of a cross-section are determined by:

T
 uTdA ,
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p
 pdA
A
(6)
 udA
A  dA
A

The total heat transfer rate and pressure drop loss are defined as follows:

Q  mc p (Tin  Tout ) , p  ( pin  pout )

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(7)

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3. Validation of model and numerical method

In order to ensure the reliability of the numerical method, the computational results were compared

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with the experiment data conducted by Wang et al. [25]. The flow conditions of the experiments are

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similar with that of the current simulation. Fig. 5 presents the Colburn j-factor and friction factor for

both the experiment and simulation results. It can be observed that the discrepancy between the
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predicted values and the experimental results is less than 10% for all data. The maximum discrepancy
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appears at low flow velocity, which can be explained by the uncertainty of the measurement is

relatively high when the flow velocity is small. In a word, the agreement between the numerical results
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and experimental data indicates the present numerical method is reliable to predict the heat exchanger
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performance.

0.040 0.08
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j-experimental f-experimental 0.07

0.035
j-numerical f-numerical
0.06
0.030
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0.05
0.025
0.04
j

0.020
0.03
0.015
0.02
0.010 0.01

0.005 0.00
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Re

Fig. 5 Comparison of the numerical and experimental results

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4. Results and discussion

4.1 Flow pattern and secondary flow

Fig. 6 shows the flow pathline around the tubes and curved arc VGs at Re = 1100. When the fluid flows

through the curved arc VGs, longitudinal vortices were produced at the leading edge of the VG.

Meanwhile, the curved surface of the curved arc VGs is beneficial in guiding the fluid into the wake

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region behind the tubes. Thus, it is expected that the wake region size would be decreased significantly

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and the heat transfer performance of the fin surface behind the tube can be improved. In addition, the

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upwind surface of the next tube located in the downstream will be scoured directly by the fluid flow

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guided into the back region of the front tube. Therefore, the poor heat transfer performance caused by

the existence of the wake region in this area would be improved. Actually, the heat transfer
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performance of the main flow region is most often good. Thus, the effect of the heat transfer
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improvement for the main flow region on compressive heat transfer performance is not obvious. But

for the wake region, the heat transfer performance is not as good as that of the main flow region.
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Therefore, it is very significant to improve the heat transfer performance in the wake region by
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introducing the relative high speed fluid to flow into the wake region, which is beneficial to make a

great improvement for the comprehensive heat transfer performance.

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Fig. 6 The flow pathline schematic around the tubes and VGs

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Fig. 7 presents the local velocity contours of the secondary flow distribution on the cross section at Re

= 1100. All of the three types of planar VGs fin show that two main vortices occupied the most areas of

the cross section in the flow channel, and the heat transfer performance of these areas would be

enhanced by the scouring fluid. Compared to the rectangular VGs, both the equal-perimeter and

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equal-area arc VGs can introduce intenser and bigger secondary flow into the wake region behind the

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tubes. For the equal-area arc VGs fin, a bigger gap between the main vortices and the introduced

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vortices can be observed, and the two kinds of vortices are relatively independent to each other. But for

the equal-perimeter arc VGs, an unwanted flow pressure loss is probably going to happen because the

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two kinds of vortices are running into each other. As for the curved arc VGs fin, the flow condition
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behind the VGs is almost totally different with that of the plane VGs fin. The swirling motion

associated with the curved arc VGs is obviously more complicated due to the existence of more flow
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separation points along the curved surface. In addition, the small angle fronting the incoming fluid
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makes the generation and development of the main vortices delayed. Meanwhile, the introduced

vortices generated by the trailing edge of the VG are relatively strong. Thus, the two kinds of vortices
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with approximate intensity and closer distance compete against each other, which is not beneficial for
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the heat transfer improvement brought by the secondary flow. But what is interesting is that the layout

position and the curved surface of the curved arc VG would promote more fluid than that of the planar
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VGs to flow into the wake region, which could bring an increase in the flow velocity behind the tube

and the comprehensive heat transfer performance could be improved.

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Fig. 7 The local velocity contours of the secondary flow on the cross section (y = 25.4 mm)
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4.2 Velocity and temperature field distribution

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Fig. 8 presents the velocity field contours in the fin channel with different VGs at Re = 1100. In the

main flow region, the effect of the geometry structure of the different types of VGs on the value of
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downstream velocity is different. As shown in the Fig. 8, the downstream velocity values of the
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arc-winglet VGs are smaller than that of the rectangular-winglet VG in general due to the height of the

arc-winglet VGs is higher than that of the rectangular-winglet VG. Thus, the effect of blocking caused

by the arc-winglet VGs on the downstream fluid flow is relatively stronger than that of the

rectangular-winglet VGs. In addition, compared with the rectangular-winglet VGs, all the wake region

size of the arc-winglet VGs reduced to some extent, especially for the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs.

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The reason for that is the upwind angle of the curved arc VGs increases along the flow direction on the

curved surface, which not only decreases the form resistance of the tubes but also promotes more fluid

to flow into the wake region behind the tubes than that of the planar VGs. But the contradiction is that

the fluid flowing through the curved arc VGs is separated by the trailing edge of the winglets due to the

big upwind angle, which could increase the pressure drop penalty of the fin.

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Fig. 8 The velocity contours in the direction of fin height (z = 2.3 mm)
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Fig. 9 presents the temperature field contours with different VGs at Re = 1100 and it can be observed

that the temperature of the main flow region are most often higher than that of the wake region. In
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addition, for the arc-winglet VGs, all their sizes of wake region with low temperature reduced to some
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extent compared with that of the rectangular-winglet VGs, especially for the curved equal-perimeter arc

VGs that can introduce more fluid to flow into the wake region behind the tubes effectively. Actually,
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both the flow velocity and temperature distribution in the flow channel are more uniform due to the

intense mixing of the fluid. In addition, not only the front part of the tube located on the next row, but

also the region behind the tubes will be scoured directly by the fluid flow, which could improve the

heat transfer performance of the wake region. From the above, the key mechanism of the heat transfer

performance enhancement for the curved arc VGs may be attributed to heat transfer improvement in
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the wake region between the longitudinal tubes.

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Fig. 9 The temperature field contours in the direction of fin height (z = 2.3mm)

4.3 Flow and heat transfer performance

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As shown in Fig. 10(a), the heat transfer performances of the curved arc VGs fins are obviously better
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than that of the plane-winglet VGs fins. Compared with the rectangular VGs fin, the Nusselt number
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averagely increases by 11.5% for the equal-perimeter arc VGs fin, 19.9% for the curved equal-area arc

VGs fin, and 35.9% for the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin. Correspondingly, as shown in Fig.
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10(b), the pressure drop penalty of the equal-perimeter, curved equal-area and curved equal-perimeter
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arc VGs fin is apparently higher than that of the rectangular VGs fin, and an average increase of 38.8%,

28.2%, 57.6% in pressure drop are observed, respectively. In a word, the three types of plane VGs can
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bring better heat transfer performance with higher pressure drop penalty and the growth rate of the
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pressure drop is faster than the growth rate of heat transfer performance. Compared with the

equal-perimeter arc VGs fin, the Nusselt number of the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin averagely

increases by 22.2%, while the pressure drop only increases by 13.5%, and compared with the

equal-area arc VGs fin, the Nusselt number of the curved equal-area arc VGs fin averagely increases by

19.8%, while the pressure drop increases by 23.6%. It indicates that with the same geometry size, using

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the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs will be more beneficial in improving the comprehensive

performance of the fin.

As shown in Fig. 10(c), the value of j / f^1/3 is used as the criterion to evaluate the comprehensive

performance of the VGs fin. Compared with the rectangular VGs fin, the significant improvement on

the comprehensive performance can be observed from the two types of curved arc VGs fin in the whole

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range of Reynolds number. The curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin has the best comprehensive

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performance due to the significantly substantial heat transfer enhancement, in the same reason, the

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comprehensive performance of the curved equal-area arc VGs fin is the second. For the fins with three

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plane VGs, the equal-area and equal-perimeter arc VGs fin show a better comprehensive performance

than that of the rectangular VGs fin when the inlet velocity at a low level, which is due to the
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improvement of the heat transfer performance is greater than the increase of the pressure loss. On the
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other hand, the comprehensive performance of the rectangular VGs fin is slightly better than that of the

other two plane arc-winglet VGs fin when the flow velocity at a high level, which is owing to the
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growth of the pressure loss is greater than the increase of the heat transfer performance.
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Rectangular VG
Equal-area arc VG
30 Equal-perimeter arc VG
Curved equal-area arc VG
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25 Curved equal-perimeter arc VG

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Nu
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15

10

5
400 800 1200 1600 2000
Re
(a) Nu versus Re

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60
Rectangular VG
Equal-area arc VG
50
Equal-perimeter arc VG
Curved equal-area arc VG
40 Curved equal-perimeter arc VG

30
p
20

10

T
0

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400 800 1200 1600 2000
Re

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(b) Pressure drop versus Re
0.018
Rectangular VG
Equal-area arc VG

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0.016
Equal-perimeter arc VG
0.014 Curved equal-area arc VG
Curved equal-perimeter arc VG
1/3
j/f

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0.012

0.010
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0.008

0.006
400 800 1200 1600 2000
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Re

(c) j / f^1/3 versus Re

Fig. 10 Comparisons of the four types of vortex generator fins
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5. Conclusions
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In this study, four new types of arc-winglet VGs are proposed and the flow characteristics and heat
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transfer enhancement mechanism are studied. Compared with the rectangular-winglet VG, the heat

transfer enhancement mechanism for plane arc-winglet VGs lies on the improvement of the intensity

and size of the secondary flow behind the tubes. But, the effect of the curved arc VGs on the secondary

flow behind the tubes is completely different from that of the plane arc VGs. Due to the curved surface

which causes the existence of more flow separation points along the surface of arc winglet, the

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secondary flow generated by the curved arc VGs is more complicated but less intense than that of the

plane arc VGs. Although the heat transfer enhancement caused by the less intense secondary flow is

limited, more fluid was guided into the previous wake region and then the downstream tube was

scoured directly. Thus, a significant heat transfer enhancement of the previous wake region with poor

heat transfer performance could still be accomplished. The quantitative comparisons of the fin

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performance show that compared with the conventional rectangular-winglet VGs fin, the Nusselt

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number averagely increases by 11.5% for the equal-perimeter arc VGs fin, 19.9% for the curved

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equal-area arc VGs fin, and 35.9% for the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin. In addition, compared

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with the equal-perimeter arc VGs fin, the Nusselt number of the curved equal-perimeter arc VGs fin

averagely increases by 22.2% while the pressure drop only increases by 13.5%.
AN
Acknowledgements
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The present work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51604294)

and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No. ZR2016EEQ02).
ED

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