EJERCICIOS 9-4

Calcule los siguientes determinantes:

5. |34 −17 |=( 3∗7) −( 4∗−1) =21+ 4=25

5 8 =( 5∗−2 ) −( 3∗8 )=−10−24=−34
6. |
3 −2|

7. |
−8 −3|
−6 −7 =(−6∗−3 )−(−8∗−7 ) =18−56=−38

2 x =( 2∗1 )−( 0∗x )=2−0=2

8. |
0 1|

a −2 =( a∗3 )−( b∗−2 )=3 a+2 b

9. |
b 3|

5 a =( 5∗4 )−(−a∗a )=20+a

10. |
−a 4|
2

32 2 =( 32∗5 )−( 64∗2 )=160−128=32

11. |
64 5|

274 3 =( 274∗7 )−( 558∗3 )=1918−1674=244

12. |
558 7|

59 3 =( 59∗0 )− ( 64∗3 )=0−192

13. |
64 0|
=-192

a+ 1 2−a = ( a+ 1 )∗( 5−2a ) − ( 2 a+3 )∗( 2−a )

14. |
2 a+3 5−2a|
[ ] [ ]
¿ [ 5 a+5−2 a2−2 a ]− [ 4 a−2 a2 +6−3 a ]¿−2 a2+ 3 a+5+2 a2−a−6 ¿ 2 a−1

15. |a+ba b =a ( b+c )−b ( a+b )=ab+ ac−ab−b2 =ac−b 2

b+c|
x +2 x−1 = ( x+ 2 )∗x − 3 ( x−1 ) =x +2 x−3 x +3=x −x+ 3
16. |
x |
2 2
3
[ ] [ ]
 2 1 4
|
17. 3 5 −1 =2
1 0 0
0 0 |
5 −1 −1 3 −1 + 4 3 5
1 0 | 1 0 | | | | |
¿ 2 [ (5∗0 )−(−1∗0 ) ]−1 [ ( 3∗0 )−(−1∗1 ) ]+ 4 [ ( 3∗0 )−( 5∗1 ) ]
¿ 2 ( 0 )−1 ( 1 ) +4 (−5 )=0−1−20=−21

1 −2 3
|
18. 4 0 5 =1
6 0 7
0 7 |
0 5 — 2 4 5 +3 4 0
6 7 | | | | | |
6 0

¿ 1 [ ( 0∗7 )−( 0∗5 ) ]−2 [ ( 4∗7 )−( 6∗5 ) ] +3 [ ( 4∗0 )−( 6∗0 ) ] ¿ 1 [ 0−0 ] −2 [ 28−30 ] + 3 [ 0−0 ]
¿ 1 ( 0 )−2 (−2 ) +3 ( 0 )=0+4 +0=4

1 3 −2
|
19. 0 2 1 =1
4 −1 3
−1 3 |
2 1 −3 0 1 −2 0 2
4 3 |
4 −1 | | | | |
¿ 1 [ (2∗3 )− (−1∗1 ) ] −3 [ ( 0∗3 )− ( 4∗1 ) ]−2 [ ( 0∗−1 )−( 4∗2 ) ]¿ 1 [ 6+ 1 ] −3 [ 0−4 ]−2 [ 0−8 ]
¿ 1 (7 )−3 (−4 )−2 (−8 )=7+12+16=35

3 1 0
|
20. 0 −2 1 =3
2 0 5
0 5 |
−2 1 −1 0 1 + 0 0 −2
2 5 | 2 0 | | | | |
¿ 3 [ (−2∗5 )−( 0∗1 ) ]−1 [ ( 0∗5 )−( 2∗1 ) ] +0 [ ( 0∗0 ) −( 2∗−2 ) ] ¿ 3 [ −10−0 ] −1 [ 0−2 ] + 0 [ 0+4 ]
¿ 3 (−10 )−1 (−2 ) +0 ( 4 )=−30+2+0=−28

2 3 4
|
21. 5 6 7 =2
8 9 10
9 10 |
6 7 −3 5 7 +4 5 6
8 10 | | | | | |
8 9

¿ 2 [ ( 6∗10 )−( 9∗7 ) ]−3 [ ( 5∗10 )−( 8∗7 ) ] + 4 [ ( 5∗9 )−( 8∗6 ) ]¿ 2 [ 60−63 ]−3 [ 50−56 ] +4 [ 45−48 ]
¿ 2 (−3 )−3 (−6 )+ 4 (−3 )=−6+18−12=0

5 10 1
|
22. 8 5 4 =5
1 4 2
4 2 |
5 4 −10 8 4 +1 8 5
1 2 | | | | | |
1 4

¿ 5 [ ( 5∗2 ) −( 4∗4 ) ] −10 [ ( 8∗2 )− ( 4∗1 ) ] +1 [( 8∗4 ) −( 5∗1 ) ]¿ 5 [ 10−16 ]−10 [ 16−4 ] + 1 [ 32−5 ]
¿ 5 (−6 ) −10 ( 12 ) +1 ( 27 )¿−30−120+27=−123
 1 2 4
| |
23. 2 5 1 =1
3 8 4
5 1 −2 2 1 + 4 2 5
8 4 3 4 | | | | | |
3 8

¿ 1 [ (5∗4 )− ( 8∗1 ) ] −2 [ ( 2∗4 )−( 3∗1 ) ] + 4 [ ( 2∗8 )−( 3∗5 ) ]

¿ 1 [ 20−8 ]−2 [ 8−3 ] + 4 [ 16−15 ] =1 ( 12 )−2 ( 5 )+ 4 ( 1 ) ¿ 12−10+ 4=6

7 9 3
| |
24. 8 2 0 =7
0 5 4
2 0 −9 8 0 +3 8 2
5 4 0 4 | | | | | |
0 5

¿ 7 [ ( 2∗4 ) −( 5∗0 ) ] −9 [ ( 8∗4 )−( 0∗0 ) ] +3 [ ( 8∗5 )− ( 0∗2 ) ]

¿ 7 [ 8−0 ] + 9 [ 32−0 ] +3 [ 40−0 ] =7 ( 8 ) −9 ( 32 )+ 3 ( 40 )¿ 56−288+120=−112

a b c
| |
25. 0 d e =a
0 0 f
d e −b 0 e + c 0 d
0 f 0 f | | | | | |
0 0

¿ a [ ( d∗f ) −( 0∗e ) ] −b [ ( 0∗f )− ( 0∗e ) ] +c [ ( 0∗0 )−( 0∗d ) ]

¿ a [ df −0 ] −b [ 0−0 ] +c [ 0−0 ] =a ( df )−b ( 0 ) +c ( 0 )¿ adf −0+0=adf

Determine x en cada caso

29. |x2 35|=9( x∗5 )−( 2∗3 )=95 x−6=95 x=9+65 x=15x= 155 =3
x +3 2
30. |
x +1|
2 2 2
=3[ ( x+ 3 )∗( x +1 ) ]−( x∗2 )=3 x + 4 x +3−2 x=3 x + 2 x +3−3=0 x + 2 x=0
x
x ( x +2 )=0x=0 ∨ x =−2

1 0 0
2

|
31. x x−2 3 =31
x x +1 x
x−2 3
x +1 x |
−0
x 2 x−2
|
x x +1
+0
x 2 x−2
x x+1 | | | | |
=31 [ ( x −2 ) x−3 ( x +1 ) ]=3

1 [ x2−2 x−3 x−3 ] =3x 2−2 x−3 x−3=3 x 2−5 x−3+3=0x 2−5 x=0 x ( x−5 )=0x=0 ∨ x =5

x +1 2 x
32. x
|
0 1 0 |
x 2 2 =1( x +1 )
x2 2
1 0
−2
x 2
0 0
+x
x x2
| | | | | |
0 1
=1( x +1 ) ¿

( x +1 ) [ 0−2 ] −2 [ 0−0 ] + x [ x −0 ] =1( x +1 )(−2 ) −2 ( 0 )+ x ( x )=1−2 x−2+ x 2=1x 2−2 x−3=0

( x−3 ) ( x+ 1 )=0x=3 ∨ x=−1
Por medio de la regla de Crammer resuelva los siguientes sistemas de
ecuaciones:

3 x+ 2 y =1 3 2 ⋮ 1
∆ s= 3 2 =( 3∗−1 )− (2∗2 )=−3−4=−7
33. [
2 x− y =3 2 −1 ⋮ 3 ] | 2 −1 |
∆ x= 1 2 =( 1∗−1 )−( 3∗2 )=−1−6=−7 x=
−7
| |
3 −1 −7
=1

∆ y =|3 1|=( 3∗3 ) −( 2∗1 )=9−2=7 y=

−7
=−1
2 3 7

2 x−5 y=8 2 x −5 y=8 2 −5 ⋮ 8

3 y +7 x=−13 7 x+ 3 y=−13 7 3 ⋮ −13 ]
[
34.

2 −5
∆ s=|
7 3|
=( 2∗3 ) −( 7∗−5 )=6+ 35=41

8 −5 −41
∆ x=| | =( 8∗3 ) −(−13∗−5 )=24−65=−41 x= =−1
−13 3 41
2 8 −82
∆ y =| |= ( 2∗−13 ) −( 7∗8 )=−26−56=−82 y= =−2
7 −13 41

4 x+5 y −14=0 4 x +5 y=14 4 5 ⋮ 14 4 5

35.
3 y=7−x [
x+ 3 y=7 1 3 ⋮ 7 ] | |
∆ s=
1 3
=( 4∗3 )−( 1∗5 )=12−5=7

∆ x= |147 53|= (14∗3 )−( 7∗5)=42−35=7 x= 77 =1

4 14 14
∆ y =| |= ( 4∗7 ) −( 1∗14 )=28−14=14 y= =2
1 7 7

2 ( x− y )=5 2 x −2 y =5 2 −2 ⋮ 5
36. [
4 ( 1− y )=3 x −3 x−4 y =−4 −3 −4 ⋮ −4 ]
∆ s= |−32 −2
−4|
= ( 2∗−4 ) −(−3∗−2 )=−8−6=−14

5 −2 −28
∆ x=|
−4 −4|
=( 5∗−4 )−(−4∗−2 )=−20−8=−28 x= =2
−14
2 5 7 −1
∆ y =| |= (2∗−4 )− (−3∗5 )=−8+15=7 y= =
−3 −4 −14 2
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
37.
1
2
x + y=7
3 2
1
x− y=1
5
[ 3
1
2
2
−1
5
⋮ 7

⋮ 1 ] | |(
∆ s= 3
1
2
2 = 3
−1
5
5)( )
∗−1
−
2
∗1
2
−1 1 −19
= − =
15 4 60

1 −19
∆ x=
1| |( )( )
7
2 =
−1
5
7∗−1
5
−
1∗1
2
=
−7 1
− =
5 2 10
−19
x=
10
−19
60
=6

1 −19
∆ y= 3
1
2
| |( )( )
7

1
1
3
1
2
1 7 −19
= ∗1 − ∗7 = − =
3 2 6
y=
6
−19
60
=1

2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
38.
3
5
2
4
1
[ ] | |(
u+ v=13

u+ v=19
3
3
5
2
4
1
3
⋮ 13

⋮ 19
∆ s=
3
5
2
4
1
3
=
3
3)( )
∗1
−
2
∗5
4
2 25 −209
= − =
9 8 72

5 −233
∆ x=
| |( )( )
13

19
4 = 13∗1 − 19∗5 = 13 − 95 =−233 x= 12 = 1398
1
3
3 4 3 4 12 −209 209
72

2 −119
∆ y= 3
5
2
| |( )( )
13

19
2
3
5
2
38 65 −119
= ∗1 9 − ∗13 = − =
3 2 6
y=
6
=
1428
−209 209
72

2 x +3 y=13 2 3 ⋮ 13 2 3
39. [
6 x +9 y=40 6 9 ⋮ 40
∆ s=] | |
6 9
=( 2∗9 )−( 6∗3 )=18−18=0

El sistema NO tiene solución

3 x=2(2+ y ) 3 x−2 y=4 3 −2 ⋮ 4

40. [
4 y=7+6 x −6 x + 4 y=7 −6 4 ⋮ 7 ]
∆ s= |−63 −24 |=( 3∗4 )−(−6∗−2)=12−12=0 El sistema NO tiene solución
x + y + z=−1 1 1 1 ⋮ −1

[
41. 2 x +3 y−z=0 2 3 −1 ⋮ 0
3 x−2 y+ z=4 3 −2 1 ⋮ 4 ]
 1 1 1
| |
∆ s= 2 3 −1 =1 [ 3−2 ] −1 [ 2+3 ] +1 [ −4−9 ]¿ 1−5−13=−17
3 −2 1

−1 1 1
∆ x= 0
|
4 −2 1 |
3 −1 =−1 [ 3−2 ] −1 [ 0+ 4 ] +1 [ 0−12 ] ¿−1−4−12=−17 x=
−17
−17
=1

1 −1 1
|
3 4 1 |
∆ y = 2 0 −1 =1 [ 0+ 4 ] +1 [ 2+ 3 ] +1 [ 8−0 ]¿ 4 +5+8=17 y=
17
−17
=−1

1 1 −1
|
∆ z= 2 3
3 −2 4 |
0 =1 [ 12−0 ] −1 [ 8+ 0 ] −1 [−4−9 ]¿ 12−8+ 13=17 z=
17
−17
=−1

2 x − y+ z=2
42. 3 x+ y −2 z=9
−x +2 y+5 z=−5

2 −1 1 ⋮ 2

[ 3 1 −2 ⋮ 9
−1 2 5 ⋮ −5 ]
2 −1 1
∆ s= 3
|
−1 2 |
1 −2 =2 [ 5+ 4 ] +1 [ 15−2 ] +1 [ 6+ 1 ]¿ 40+ 13+7=60
5

2 −1 1
∆ x= 9
|
−5 2 5 | 76 19
1 −2 =2 [ 5+ 4 ] +1 [ 45−10 ] +1 [ 18+5 ]¿ 18+35+23=76 x= =
60 15
 2 2 1
∆ y= 3
| | 90 3
9 −2 =2 [ 45−10 ] +2 [ 15−2 ] +1 [−15+ 9 ]¿ 70+26−6=90 y= =
−1 −5 5
60 2

2 −1 2
∆ s= 3
| 1
−1 2 −5 |
9 =2 [−5−18 ] +1 [−15+ 9 ] +2 [ 6+1 ]¿−46−6+14=−38 z=
−38 −19
60
=
30

2 x+ y + z=0
43. x +2 y −z=−6
x +5 y +2 z=0

2 1 1 ⋮ 0

[ 1 2 −1 ⋮ −6
1 5 2 ⋮ 0 ]
2 1 1
| |
∆ s= 1 2 −1 =2 [ 4+5 ]−1 [ 2+1 ] + 1 [ 5−2 ]¿ 18−3+3=18
1 5 2

0 1 1
| |
∆ x= −6 2 −1 =0 [ 4+ 5 ] −1 [−12−0 ] +1 [−30−0 ]¿ 0+12−30=−18 x=
0 5 2
−18
18
=−1

2 0 1
|
1 0 2 |
∆ y = 1 −6 −1 =2 [−12+ 0 ] −0 [ 2+1 ] +1 [ 0+6 ]¿−24−0+6=−18 y=
−18
18
=−1

2 1 0
| | 54
∆ z= 1 2 −6 =2 [ 0+ 30 ] −1 [ 0+ 6 ] +0 [ 5−2 ] ¿ 60−6+0=66 z= =3
1 5 0
18

x+ 3 y−z=0
44. 3 x− y +2 z=0
2 x−5 y + z=5
 1 3 −1 ⋮ 0

[ 3 −1 2 ⋮ 0
2 −5 1 ⋮ 5 ]
1 3 −1
| |
∆ s= 3 −1 2 =1 [−1+10 ] −3 [ 3−4 ] −1 [ −15+2 ]¿ 9+3+ 13=25
2 −5 1

0 3 −1
| | 25
∆ x= 0 −1 2 =0 [ −1+ 10 ] −3 [ 0−10 ] −1 [ 0+5 ]¿ 0+30−5=25 x= =1
5 −5 1
25

1 0 −1
| |
∆ y = 3 0 2 =1 [ 0−10 ]−0 [ 3−4 ] −1 [ 15+ 0 ]¿−10−0−15=−25 y=
2 5 1
−25
25

1 3 0
| |
∆ z= 3 −1 0 =1 [−5+ 0 ] −3 [ 15−0 ] + 0 [−15+2 ]¿−5−45=−50 z=
2 −5 5
−50
25
=−2

x +2 y=5
45. 3 y −z=1
2 x− y +3 z=11

1 2 0 ⋮ 5

[ 0 3 −1 ⋮ 1
2 −1 3 ⋮ 11 ]
1 2 0
| |
∆ s= 0 3 −1 =1 [ 9−1 ] −2 [ 0+2 ] +0 [ 0−6 ]¿ 8−4=4
2 −1 3

5 2 0
∆ x= 1
|
11 −1 3 |
3 −1 =1 [ 9−1 ] −2 [ 3+11 ] + 0 [−1−33 ]¿ 8−28+0=−20 x=
−20
4
=−5

1 5 0
| | 4
∆ y = 0 1 −1 =1 [ 3+ 11 ] −5 [ 0+2 ] +0 [ 0−0 ]¿ 14−10=4 y= =1
2 11 3
4

1 2 5
|
∆ z= 0 3
| 8
1 =1 [ 33+1 ]−2 [ 0−2 ] +5 [ 0−6 ] ¿ 34+ 4−30=8 z = =2
2 −1 11
4
 2 v +5 w=3
46. 4 u−3 w=5
3 u−4 v+ 2 w=12

0 2 5 ⋮ 3

[ 4 0 −3 ⋮ 5
3 −4 2 ⋮ 12 ]
0 2 5
| |
∆ s= 4 0 −3 =0 [ 0−1 2 ] −2 [ 8+9 ] +5 [ −16−0 ]¿ 0−34−80=−114
3 −4 2

3 2 5
∆ u= 5
|
12 −4 2 |
0 −3 =3 [ 0−12 ] −2 [ 10+36 ] +5 [ −20−0 ]¿−36−92−100=−228 u=
−228
−114
=2

0 3 5
| |
∆ v= 4 5 −3 =0 [ 10+36 ]−3 [ 8+ 9 ] + 5 [ 48−15 ]¿ 0−51+ 165=114 v=
3 12 2
114
−114
=−1

0 2 3
|
∆ w= 4 0
3 −4 12 |
5 =0 [ 0+20 ] −2 [ 48−15 ] +3 [ −16−0 ]¿ 0−66−48=−114 w=
−114
−114
=1

2 x − y+ 3 z =4
47. x +3 y−z=5
6 x−3 y +9 z=10

2 −1 3 ⋮ 4

[ 1 3 −1 ⋮ 5
6 −3 9 ⋮ 10 ]
2 −1 3
| |
∆ s= 1 3 −1 =2 [ 27−3 ] +1 [ 9+6 ] +3 [ −3−18 ]¿ 48+ 15−63=0
6 −3 9

El sistema NO tiene solución

 4 x +2 y−6 z=7
48. 3 x− y +2 z=12
6 x +3 y−9 z=10

4 2 −6 ⋮ 7

[ 3 −1 2 ⋮ 12
6 3 −9 ⋮ 10 ]
4 2 −6
| |
∆ s= 3 −1 2 =4 [ 9−6 ] −2 [−27−12 ] −6 [ 9+ 6 ]¿ 12+78−90=0
6 3 −9

El sistema NO tiene solución

x+ 2 y −z=2
49. 2 x−3 y+ 4 z=−4
3 x+ y + z=0

1 2 −1 ⋮ 2

[ 2 −3 4 ⋮ −4
3 1 1 ⋮ 0 ]
1 2 −1
| |
∆ s= 2 −3 4 =1 [−3−4 ] −2 [ 2−12 ] −1 [ 2+ 9 ] ¿−7+20−11=2
3 1 1

2 2 −1
|
0 1 1 |
∆ x= −4 −3 4 =2 [ −3−4 ] −2 [ −4−0 ] −1 [ −4+0 ]¿−14+8+ 4=−2 x=
−2
2
=−1

1 2 −1
|
3 0 1 |
∆ y = 2 −4 4 =1 [−4+0 ] −2 [ 2−12 ] −1 [ 0+12 ]¿−4−20−12=−36 y =
−36
2
=−18

1 2 2
| | 2
∆ z= 2 −3 −4 =1 [ 0+ 4 ] −2 [ 0+12 ] +2 [ 2+ 9 ]¿ 4−24 +22=2 z= =1
3 1 0
2
 2 p−r=5
50. p+3 q=9
3 p−q+5 r=12

2 0 −1 ⋮ 5

[ 1 3 0 ⋮ 9
3 −1 5 ⋮ 12 ]
2 0 −1
|
∆ s= 1 3
|
0 =2 [ 15−0 ] −0 [ 5−0 ] −1 [ −1−9 ]¿ 30−0+10=40
3 −1 5

5 0 −1
∆ p= 9
| 3
12 −1 5 |
0 =5 [ 15−0 ] −0 [ 4 5−0 ] −1 [ −9−36 ]¿ 75−0+45=120 p=
120
40
=3

2 5 −1
|
∆ q= 1 9
| 80
0 =2 [ 4 5−0 ] −5 [ 5−0 ] −1 [ 12−27 ] ¿ 90−25+15=80 q= =2
3 12 5
40

2 0 5
|
∆r= 1 3
| 40
9 =2 [ 36+ 9 ] −0 [ 12−27 ] +5 [ −1−9 ]¿ 90−0−50=40r = =1
3 −1 12
40