BALANCING BUILT ENVIRONMENT: A HYBRID DESIGN APPROACH

Figure 1-5 Urban Heat Island Effect Formation

(Source: Md., 2015)

1.2.2. Effects of Urban Heat Island

1.2.2.1. Elevated emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases

When the demand on energy is high, it would lead to high production of energy resulting into
increase use of fossil fuel for energy production. Due to increase in energy demand, more
fossil fuel is consumed in power plants which emit following air pollutants into air:
The air pollutants referred to above are harmful to human health and also lead to complex air
quality problems such as the formation of ground-level ozone (smog), fine particulate matter,
and acid rain. The Increase use of fossil-fuel-in powered plants contribute greenhouse gases,
such as carbon dioxide (CO2) thereby leading to global climate change. (Bhargava A, 2017)

Figure 1-6 Effects of Urban Heat Island

(Source: Md, 2015)

For every 10C tem perature increase, the energy demand may go up by 2-4% in the
summertime (Akbari, 2001). Nonetheless, those people working outside of buildings or on the
roads or in open places are the worst sufferers of the microclimate effect. At the same time,
increased use of air conditioners leads to worsening of the effect even more. However, in the
winter season, the UHI effect tends to give people comfort owing to the increased temperature

1.2.2.2. Water Pollution

Excess temperature contain in the surfaces likes pavements and roof transfer into storm water
during rain thereby water temperature increases which affects directly to metabolism and

GROUP-5 7