Time-Domain Performance

of UWB Antennas

Session 7
 Group Delay

The group delay of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is defined as

the negative derivative of the phase response with respect to
frequency.

 ( )
 ( )  


Group delay is “the derivative of radian phase with respect to radian

frequency. It is equal to the phase delay for an ideal non-dispersive delay
device, but may differ greatly in actual devices where there is a ripple in the
phase versus frequency characteristic”.
IEEE Standard Definition

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

 Hints

• If phase changes uniformly with frequency, the output signal

will be identical to the input.
• If phase versus frequency is non-linear, group delay exists.
• While investigating your UWB structure (Antenna or Filter)
make sure that the group delay is of a flat response.
• In a network with no group delay, all frequencies are
transmitted through this network in the same amount of
time.
• If group delay is non-flat, signals at some frequencies travel
faster than those at other frequencies (results distortion).

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 UWB CPW Monopole Antenna

B. Allen et. al “Ultra-wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and
Imaging”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2007

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 UWB Antenna Design

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 Simulation Scenarios

Guo, L.; Liang, J.; Parini, C.G.; Chen, X.; "A time domain study of CPW-fed disk monopole for
UWB applications," Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference APMC2005, pp., 4-7 Dec. 2005.

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

 First Scenario (Face-to-Face)

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 Shape Transformation

Right click on the whole component (component1) & select “transform”

There are many transformation functions such as translation, rotation…..etc.

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 Mirror Function

Select “Mirror” and “Copy” in order to have a

copy of the original shape.

In the shape center set the coordinates to

(0,0,35) and set the mirror plane to the XY-
plane and the coordinates to (0,0,35).

Such arrangement will separate the shape

and its copy by the far-field distance (70mm)

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 Second Scenario (Side-to-Face)

You may just transform any of the two antennas by a 90 degrees

around the X-axis suing the rotation function

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 Third Scenario (Side-by-Side)

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 Group Delay

Output port Excitation port

From “Results” select “Template-based postprocessing”.

From “1D results” select “Group delay Time”

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 Group Delay Response

0.8

0.75

0.7 face-face
face-side
Time (ns)

0.65
side-side
0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Frequency (GHz)

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 Time-Domain Response

From “Macros” select “Time signal processing” and then

Make sure to check
“Exchange excitation”
this box !

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 Face-to-Face Scenario Results

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 Side-to-Face Scenario Results

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 Side-by-Side Scenario Results

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