CSEC

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MAY 2012

SECTION I

1. (a) Data: f ( x ) = x3 + 1, 0 £ x £ 3 and g ( x ) = x + 5, x ÎÂ .

(i) Required To Determine: g ( f ( x ) ) .
Solution:
g ( f ( x ) ) = gf ( x )
= ( x 3 + 1) + 5

m
= x3 + 6
\ g ( f ( x ) ) = x3 + 6

co
(ii) Required To State: The range of g ( f ( x ) ) .

.
hs
Solution:
Domain of f ( x ) is 0 £ x £ 3 .
Domain of g ( x ) is x Î Â .
at
\ Domain of g ( f ( x ) ) = {0 £ x £ 3} Ç {Â}
m
= {0 £ x £ 3} or {x : 0 £ x £ 3}
s
When x = 0 g ( f ( x ) ) = 6
as

When x = 3 g ( f ( x ) ) = 33
sp

Hence the range of g ( f ( x ) ) is 6 ≤ g ( f ( x ) ) ≤ 33

.fa

(iii) Required To Determine: The inverse of g ( f ( x ) ) .

Solution:
w

Let
y = g ( f ( x ))
w

y = x3 + 6
w

y - 6 = x3
x3 = y - 6
x = 3 y-6
Replace y by x
y = 3 x-6
\ ( gf ) ( x) = 3 x - 6
-1

or (x – 6)1/3

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 (b) Data: x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) = 2 x3 - 3x 2 - 4 x + a .
Required To Calculate: The value of a.

Calculation:
Recall: The remainder and factor theorem states that if f ( x ) is any polynomial
and f ( x ) is divided by ( x - a ) , the remainder is f ( a ) . If f ( a ) = 0 , then
( x - a ) is a factor of f ( x ) .

m
co
Hence,
f ( -2 ) = 0
\ 2 ( -2 ) - 3 ( -2 ) - 4 ( -2 ) + a = 0
3 2

.
hs
- 16 - 12 + 8 + a = 0
a = 20

(c) ( )
Data: 32 x - 9 3-2 x = 8
at
m
Required To Calculate: x
s
Calculation:
32 x - 9 ( 3-2 x ) = 8
as

9
32 x - -8 = 0
sp

32 x
´32 x
.fa

(3 ) - 8 (3 ) - 9 = 0
2x 2 2x

( 3 - 9 )( 3 + 1) = 0
2x 2x
w

32 x - 9 = 0 32 x + 1 = 0
OR
w

32 x = 9 32 x = -1
w

When 32 x = 9 When 32 x = -1, x has no real solutions.

32 x = 32
Equating indices
2x = 2
2
x=
2
x =1
\ x = 1 only

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 (d) (i) Required To Express: x3 = 10 x - 3 in the form log10 x = ax + b .
Solution:
x3 = 10 x - 3
Taking log10 or lg
log10 ( x 3 ) = log10 (10 x - 3 )
3log10 x = ( x - 3) log10 10
log10 10 = 1
\ 3log10 x = ( x - 3) ´ 1

m
÷3

co
1
log10 x = x -1
3

.
hs
1
This is of the form, log10 x = ax + b , where a = and b = -1.
3

(ii)
Solution:
at
Required To State: The value of the gradient of a graph of log10 x vs x.
m
1
log10 x = x - 1 is of the form of a straight line Y = mX + C , where
s
3
1
as

Y = log10 x , m = , X = x and C = -1 .
3
Hence, if log10 x vs x is drawn, a straight line will be obtained with a
sp

1
gradient of .
3
.fa

A sketch of the graph would look like:

w
w
w

2. (a) Data: x 2 - 4 x + 6 = 0 has roots a and b .

Required To Calculate: The value of a 2 + b 2 .

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 3 of 27

 Calculation:
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0 where ( a, b, c ÎÂ) . Then
÷a
b c
x2 + x+ =0
a a

If a and b are roots of the equation, then

( x - a )( x - b ) = 0
x 2 - (a + b ) x + ab = 0

m
And
b c
x 2 + x + = x 2 - (a + b ) x + ab

co
a a
Equating coefficients
-b c

.
a +b = and ab =

hs
a a

x 2 - 4 x + 6 = 0 is of the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , where a = 1, b = -4 and c = 6 .

Since the roots are a and b , then
- ( -4 )
at
m
a +b =
1
s
=4
as

and
6
sp

ab =
1
=6
.fa

(a + b )
2
= a 2 + b 2 + 2ab
w

\a 2 + b 2 = (a + b ) - 2ab
2
w

= ( 4) - 2 (6)
2
w

= 16 - 12
=4

Hence, a 2 + b 2 = 4

2x - 5
(b) Data: >0
3x + 1
Required To Find: The range of values of x

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 Solution:
2x - 5 1
> 0, x ¹ -
3x + 1 3
´ ( 3x + 1)
2

( 2 x - 5)( 3x + 1) > 0

Solving the range of values of x by sketching y = ( 2 x - 5)( 3x + 1)

m
When y = 0
2x - 5 = 0 3x + 1 = 0

co
2x = 5 3x = -1
5 1 1
x= or 2 x=-

.
2 2 3

hs
The coefficient of x 2 > 0 , therefore the quadratic curve has a minimum point and
#
cuts the horizontal axis at 2 ½ and – $.
at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

2x - 5 ì 1ü ì 1ü
Hence, > 0 for the domain í x : x > 2 ý È í x : x < - ý as shown shaded in
3x + 1 î 2þ î 3þ
the above sketch.

(c) Data: A customer repays a loan, increasing the payment by $x per month.
Payment in 5th month = $50 and payment in 9th month = $70.
Required To Calculate: The total amount of money repaid at the end of the 24th
month

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Calculation:
Presenting the payments in a table and letting the 1st payment be $a.

Month 1 2 3 4 5 … 9 … 24
Number
Amount a a+x a + 2x a + 3x a + 4x … a + 8x … a + 23 x
repaid
in $

This is in arithmetic progression with first term = a and common difference = x.

m
co
Let
a + 4 x = 50 …u
a + 8 x = 70 …v

.
hs
Equation v - Equation u
4 x = 20

x=
20
4 at
m
x=5
s
When x = 5 , substitute into Equation u.
as

a + 4 ( 5 ) = 50
a + 20 = 50
sp

a = 50 - 20
a = 30
.fa

Hence, the 1st payment is $30 = a and the common difference, x, is $5, which is
w

the increase in payment each month.

w

The amount paid in total at the end of the 24th month is the sum of the first 24
terms of the arithmetic progression.
w

Recall:
n
Sn = {2a + ( n - 1) d } , where
2
n = number of terms
a = first term
d = common difference

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 24
\ S24 =
2
{2 ( 30 ) + ( 24 - 1) 5}
= 12 {60 + 23 ( 5 )}
= $2100

\ The total amount repaid = $2 100.

m
SECTION II

co
3. (a) Data: Circle with equation x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y = 87 .
(i) Required To Prove: The line with equation x + y + 1 = 0 passes through

.
hs
the centre of the circle.
Solution:
x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y = 87
at
Re-writing the equation as x2 + y 2 + 2 ( -2) x + 2 ( 3) y + ( -87 ) = 0 and
m
which is of the form x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 . This is in the general
s

equation of a circle with center ( - g , - f ) and radius g2 + f 2 - c .

as

In the above equation, g = -2, f = 3 and c = -87 .

sp

\ Centre of circle = ( - ( -2) , - ( 3) )

= ( 2, - 3)
.fa

To prove the point lies on the line x + y + 1 = 0 , we substitute x = 2 and

w

y = -3 in the equation x + y + 1 = 0 .
2 + ( -3) + 1 = 0
w

0 = 0 (True)
w

\( 2, - 3) lies on the line.

Hence, the line x + y + 1 = 0 passes through the centre of the given circle.
A sketch of the circle and the line looks like:

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 m
co
(ii) Required To Find: The equation of the tangent to the circle at the point
A ( -6, 3) .

.
hs
Solution:

at
s m
as
sp
.fa

Let the centre of the circle be C.

3 - ( -3)
The gradient of the radius, AC =
-6 - 2
w

6
=
w

-8
3
=-
w

-1
The gradient of the tangent at A =
3
-
4
4
=
3
(The product the gradient of perpendicular lines = -1 )

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 8 of 27

 (The angle made by the radius of a circle and a tangent, at the point of
contact, is 90°).

The equation of the tangent at A is

y -3 4
=
x - ( -6 ) 3
3 y - 9 = 4 x + 24
3 y = 4 x + 33 or
4
y = x + 11
3

m
Alternative method:

co
- ( g + x)
Recall: The gradient of the tangent to a circle is .
f +y

.
- ( -2 + ( -6 ) )

hs
Hence the gradient of the tangent at A =
3+3
4
at =
3
m
The equation of tangent at A is
y -3 4
s
=
x+6 3
as

3 y = 4 x + 33 or
4
sp

y= x + 11
3
.fa

1 æ 2ö æ 3ö
(b) Data: OA = a, OB = b and AP = OA , where a = ç ÷ and b = ç ÷ .
2 è1ø è 2ø
w

(i) Required To Write: BP in terms of a and b.

Solution:
w
w

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 OP = OA + AP
1
=a+ a
2
1
=1 a
2

BP = BO + OP
1
= -b + 1 a or
2

m
1
= 1 a - b (in terms of a and b)
2

co
(ii) Required To Find: ΒP

.
hs
Solution:
1
BP = 1 a - b
2 at
m
1 æ 2ö æ 3ö
=1 ç ÷-ç ÷
2 è1ø è 2ø
s
as

æ 3ö
æ 3ö
= ç 1 ÷-ç ÷
ç1 ÷ è 2 ø
sp

è 2ø
æ 0ö
=ç 1÷
.fa

ç- ÷
è 2ø
w

2
æ 1ö
\ BP = ( 0 ) + ç - ÷
2
w

è 2ø
w

1
= 0+
4
1
=
4
1
= unit
2

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4. (a) Data:

m
co
(i) Required To Calculate: The area of the shape OACMN.

.
hs
Calculation:
1 2 p
( 4) ´
Area of the sector OAC =
2
at
8p 2
3
m
= m
3
s
Area of the square ONMC = 4 ´ 4
as

= 16 m2
sp

æ 8p ö 2
Hence the area of the shape OACMN = ç16 + ÷m
è 3 ø
.fa

(ii) Required To Calculate: The perimeter of the shape OACMNO.

Calculation:
w

The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of the lines OA, AC, CM, MN and
w

NO
Perimeter = OA + AC + CM + MN + NO
w

æ pö
= 4 + ç 4´ ÷ + 4 + 4 + 4
è 3ø
æ 4p ö
= ç16 + ÷m
è 3 ø

æp ö 3 æp ö 1 æp ö æp ö 2
(b) Data: sin ç ÷ = , cos ç ÷ = and sin ç ÷ = cos ç ÷ = .
è3ø 2 è3ø 2 è4ø è4ø 2

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 æ 7p ö
Required To Evaluate: The exact value of cos ç ÷.
è 12 ø
Solution:
æ 7p ö æp p ö
cos ç ÷ º cos ç + ÷
è 12 ø è3 4ø
æp ö æp ö æp ö æp ö
= cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ - sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷ (Compound angle formula)
è3ø è4ø è3ø è4 ø
1 2 3 2
= ´ - ´
2 2 2 2

m
2- 6
=
4

co
OR

.
hs
Dividing both the numerator and denominator by 2.
1 1 3 1
. - .
2 2 2 2
1- 3 1- 3
at
m
=
2 2 2 2
s

1 1 - sin q
as

(c) Required To Prove: º

sec q + tan q cos q
Proof:
sp

Left hand side:

1 sin q
Recall: sec q = and tan q = .
cos q cos q
.fa

1 1 cos q
\ = ´
sec q + tan q 1 sin q cos q
+
w

cos q cos q
cos q
w

=
1 + sin q
w

1 - sin q
´
1 - sin q
cos q (1 - sin q )
=
(1 + sin q )(1 - sin q )
cos q (1 - sin q )
=
1 - sin 2 q

Recall: sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1 and 1 - sin 2 q = cos 2 q

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 The L.H.S reduces to
cos q (1 - sin q )
=
cos 2 q
1 - sin q
= (Right hand side)
cos q

Q.E.D

SECTION III

m
3x + 4
5. (a) Required To Differentiate:

co
x-2
Solution:
3x + 4 u
Let y = , which is of the form y = , where

.
x-2

hs
v
du
u = 3x + 4, =3
dx
and
dv at
m
v = x - 2, =1
dx
Recall the formula
s
du dv
-u
as

v
dy
= dx 2 dx (Quotient law)
dx v
d æ 3 x + 4 ö ( x - 2 ) 3 - ( 3 x + 4 )1
sp

\ ç ÷=
dx è x - 2 ø ( x - 2)
2
.fa

3x - 6 - 3x - 4
=
( x - 2)
2
w

-10
= in its simplest form.
( x - 2)
2
w
w

(b) Data: The point P ( 2, 10 ) lies on the curve y = 3x 2 + 5x - 12 .

(i) Required To Find: The equation of the tangent to the curve at P.
Solution:
y = 3x2 + 5x - 12
dy
Gradient function, = 3( 2x) + 5
dx
= 6x + 5

\ The gradient of the tangent at P = 6 ( 2 ) + 5

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 = 17

The equation of the tangent at P is

y - 10
= 17
x-2
y - 10 = 17 ( x - 2 )
y = 17 x - 24

(ii) Required To Find: The equation of the normal to the curve at P.

m
Solution:
1
Gradient of the normal at P = -

co
17
(The product of the gradient of perpendicular lines is -1)

.
hs
Equation of the normal at P is
y - 10 1
=-
x-2 17
17 y - 170 = - x + 2
at
17 y = - x + 172 (or any other equivalent form)
s m
(c) Data: The length of the side of a square is increasing at rate of 4 cms-1
Required To Find: The rate of increase of the area, when the length of the side is
as

5 cm
Solution:
sp

Let the square be of side x cm.

Let area = A cm2.
dx
.fa

= 4 cms -1 (Data)
dt
A = x´ x
w

= x2
w

dA dA dx
= ´ (Chain rule)
dt dx dt
w

dA
= 2x
dx
dA
\ = 2x ´ 4
dt

When x = 5
dA
= 2 ( 5) ´ 4 (The rate of increase of the area)
dt
= 40 cm 2s -1

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 14 of 27

 2
ò (16 - 7x )
3
6. (a) Required To Evaluate: dx .
1

Solution:
Let t = 16 - 7 x
dt
= -7
dx
dt
\ dx =
-7

When x = 2
t = 16 - 7 ( 2 )

m
=2

co
When x = 1
t = 16 - 7 (1)

.
hs
=9

\ò
2

1
(16 - 7 x )
3 2
dx º ò t 3
9
dt
-7 at
m
2
é t4 ù
=ê ú
s
ë 4 ( -7 ) û 9
as

2
é t4 ù
=ê ú
ë -28 û 9
sp

( 2) (9)
4 4

= -
-28 -28
.fa

16 6561
= +
-28 28
w

6545
=
w

28
935
=
w

4
3
= 233
4

dy
(b) Data: Q ( 4, 8) lies on a curve for which= 3x - 5 .
dx
Required To Determine: The equation of the curve
Solution:

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 15 of 27

 dy
= 3x - 5
dx
The equation of the curve is
y = ò ( 3x - 5 ) dx
3x 2
y= - 5 x + C , where C is a constant.
2

( 4, 8) lies on the curve.

Substituting x = 4 and y = 8 .

m
3( 4)
2

\8 = - 5 ( 4) + C
2

co
8 = 24 - 20 + C
C=4

.
hs
3x 2
\ The equation of the curve is y = - 5x + 4 .
2

(c) at
Required To Calculate: The area between the curve y = 2cos x + 3sin x and the
m
p
x – axis from x = 0 to .
3
s
Calculation:
as

The region whose area is required lies entirely above the x – axis and in the first
quadrant.
sp

p
Area = ò
0
3
( 2 cos x + 3sin x ) dx
p
.fa

= éë 2 ( sin x ) - 3 ( cos x ) ùû 03
æ p pö
= ç 2sin - 3cos ÷ - ( 2sin 0 - 3cos 0 )
w

è 3 3ø
æ 1ö
w

3
= çç 2 ´ - 3 ´ ÷÷ - ( 2 ( 0 ) - 3 (1) )
è 2 2ø
w

1
= 3 -1 + 3
2
æ 1ö
= ç 3 + 1 ÷ square units (exactly)
è 2ø
» 3.232
» 3.23 square units (to 2 decimal places or 3 significant figures)

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(d) Required To Calculate: The volume generated when the region bounded by
y = x 2 + 2 , the x – axis and the verticals x = 0 and x = 3 is rotated through 360°
about the x – axis.
Calculation:
x2
Volume, V = p ò y 2 dx
x1

m
. co
hs
at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 17 of 27

 (x + 2 ) dx
3 2
Volume, V = p ò 2
0

(x + 4 x 2 + 4 ) dx
3
=pò 4
0
3
é x5 4 x3 ù
=p ê + + 4xú
ë5 3 û0
ìï ( 3)5 4 ( 3)3 üï
=p í + + 4 ( 3) - ( 0 ) ý
îï 5 3 þï
ì 243 ü

m
=p í + 36 + 12 ý
î 5 þ

co
3
= 96 p cubic units
5

.
hs
SECTION IV

7. (a)
at
Data: 25% of people in a town own laptops. 70% of people in the town own
desktop computers. 12% own both laptops and desktop computers.
m
Required To Determine: The proportion that does not own either a laptop or a
desktop computer
s
Solution:
Creating a Venn diagram to illustrate the data
as

Let:
U = {People in the survey}
sp

L = {People who own laptops}

D = {People who own desktop computers}
.fa
w
w
w

\ The percentage of people who do not own either a laptop or a desktop computer
= 17%.

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 18 of 27

 17
This proportion is of the number of people in the survey.
100

NOTE: The term ‘own neither’ as written on the examination paper is better
stated as ‘do not own either’.

(b) Data: Bag of 4 red, 3 black and 3 blue marbles.

m
. co
hs
(i) at
Three marbles are drawn at random from the bag.
Required To Find: The probability that the marbles are of the same
m
colour.
Solution:
P ( Same colour ) = P ( R & R & R ) or P ( B & B & B ) or P (U & U & U )
s
as

1st 2nd 3rd

4 3 2
= ´ ´
sp

( 4 + 3 + 3) ( 4 + 3 + 3) - 1 ( 4 + 3 + 3 - 1) - 1
3 2 1
+ ´ ´
.fa

( 4 + 3 + 3) ( 4 + 3 + 3) - 1 ( 4 + 3 + 3 - 1) - 1
3 2 1
+ ´ ´
( 4 + 3 + 3) ( 4 + 3 + 3) - 1 ( 4 + 3 + 3 - 1) - 1
w

æ 4 3 2ö æ 3 2 1ö æ 3 2 1ö
w

= ç ´ ´ ÷+ç ´ ´ ÷+ç ´ ´ ÷
è 10 9 8 ø è 10 9 8 ø è 10 9 8 ø
w

=
( 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ) + ( 3 ´ 2 ´1) + ( 3 ´ 2 ´1)
10 ´ 9 ´ 8
1
=
20

(ii) Required To Find: The probability that the selection contains exactly one
red marble.

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 Solution:
P (Exactly one red marble) = P ( Red and not Red and not Red)
= P ( R and R ′ and R ′)

& $($ $($+#

= × ×
#' (&($($)+# (&($($+#)+#
& , .
= × ×
#' - /
#
=
,

m
(c) Data: The probability of hiring a taxi from garage A, B or C is P ( A) = 0.3,

co
P ( B ) = 0.5 and P ( C ) = 0.2 .
P ( Late from A) = 0.07, P ( Late from B ) = 0.1 and P ( Late from C ) = 0.2 .

.
hs
(i) Required To Illustrate: The information given on a tree diagram.
Solution:

at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

(ii) a) Required To Determine: The probability that a taxi chosen at

random, will arrive late.

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 Solution:
P ( Taxi will arrive late )
= P ( A is chosen and taxi is late )
or P ( B is chosen and taxi is late )
or P ( C is chosen and taxi is late )
= ( 0.3 ´ 0.07 ) + ( 0.5 ´ 0.1) + ( 0.2 ´ 0.2 )
111
=
1000

m
b) Required To Determine: The probability that a taxi chosen at
random, will come from garage C given that it is late.

co
Solution:
P ( Taxi comes from C given that it is late )

.
Let C be the event that a taxi comes from garage C.

hs
Let L be the event that the taxi arrives line.
Required to calculate P ( C / L ) .

P (C / L ) =
P (C Ç L )
P ( L)
at (Conditional probability)
s m
P ( C Ç L ) = P ( Taxi is late and comes from C )
as

= 0.2 ´ 0.2
sp

P ( L ) = 0.111
.fa

0.2 ´ 0.2
P (C / L ) =
0.111
40
w

=
111
w

8. (a) Data:
w

Phase 1 A car starts from A.

\ Initial velocity, u = 0 ms-1.
Final velocity, v = 24 ms-1.
Acceleration, a, is constant = 6 ms-2.
Phase 2 Speed of 24 ms-1 is kept for 5 s.
\ Acceleration = 0 ms-2 for 5 s.
Phase 3 The car comes to rest (velocity = 0 ms-1) by acceleration = -3 ms-2,
which is a deceleration.

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 21 of 27

(i) Required To Draw: A velocity-time graph to illustrate the motion of the
car.
Solution:
Considering the car’s motion in the three separate phases as indicated
above.

Phase 1
u = 0, v = 24, a = 6
Recall:
v = u + at ( The equation of linear motion )
\ 24 = 0 + 6 ( t )

m
\t = 4

co
For this phase:

.
hs
at
s m
as
sp
.fa

The straight line has a gradient of 6 and indicates a constant acceleration

w

of 6 ms-2.
w

Phase 2
w

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 m
. co
hs
A horizontal line indicates an acceleration of 0 ms-2 for 5 seconds.

at
A horizontal line on a velocity-time graph indicates zero acceleration or
constant velocity.
m
Phase 3
u = 24, v = 0, a = -3
v = u + at
s

\ 0 = 24 + ( -3) t
as

\t = 8
\ Car comes to rest in 8 seconds.
sp
.fa
w
w
w

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 A straight line indicates constant acceleration.
A straight line with a gradient of – 3, that is, a negative gradient indicates
a deceleration.

Put all three branches of the phase 1, 2 and 3 together to construct the
velocity-time graph.

m
. co
hs
at
s m
as

(ii) Required To Determine: The total distance covered by the car.

sp

Solution:
The total distance covered can be found by the area bounded by the lines
(branches) and the horizontal axis.
.fa

The total area is divided into regions A1 , A2 and A3 , as shown in the above
diagram.
w

4 ´ 24
Area of triangle A1 =
w

2
= 48 m
w

Area of rectangle A2 = 24 ´ ( 9 - 4)
= 120 m

Area of triangle A3 =
(17 - 9 ) ´ 24
2
= 96 m
\ Total distance covered = 48 + 120 + 96 = 264 m

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(iii) Data: A second car, moving at a constant velocity of 32 ms-1 drives past
point A, 3 seconds after the first car left point A.
Required To Calculate: The length of time after the first car started that
this second car meets it
Calculation:
Speed of the second car = 32 ms-1 (constant)

m
. co
hs
at 24 ´ 4
m
After the first 4 seconds, the first car covered = 48 m .
2
s
The second car started 3 seconds later and therefore would have covered
only 32 ´ ( 4 - 3) = 32 m .
as

Hence, the second car did not meet the first car while the first car was
sp

accelerating (phase 1).

Perhaps they met while the first car was moving at a constant velocity.
.fa

(This was given as an assumption at the end of the question but we can
prove it as an exercise).
w
w
w

Let us suggest that the first car moved for t seconds at the constant speed
of 24 ms-1 (phase 2) before the second car meets it.

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 Distance covered by the 1st car = 48 + 24t since it covers 48 m in its first
phase and now moves at constant speed for t seconds
Distance covered by the 2nd car = 32 ´ ( t + 1) since it would have been
moving for (t + 1) seconds
If t calculates to a ‘real’ answer, then the two cars would have met whilst
the first car was in the phase 2 of its motion.

\ 48 + 24t = 32t + 32
16 = 8t
t=2

m
t = 2 is a real answer.
\ 1st car moved for 4 + 2 = 6 seconds and the second car for 3 seconds

co
before the two cars met.

(b) Data: A particle moves in a straight line with acceleration given by

.
a = ( 5t - 1) ms-2 at any time in t seconds. When t = 2 seconds, the particle has

hs
velocity 4 ms-1 and is 8 m from a fixed point O.
(i) Required To Determine: The velocity when t = 4 .
Solution:
at
Acceleration, a = ( 5t - 1) ms-2
m
Let the velocity at time, t , be v ms-1.
s
v =∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
as

v =∫(5𝑡 − 1) 𝑑𝑡
.
v = t 2 – t + C (where C is a constant)
7
sp

v = 4, when t = 2
NOTE: t = 2 NOT t = 2 seconds, since t was already given units in the
.fa

question.
5 ( 2)
2

\4 = -2+C
w

2
4 = 10 - 2 + C
w

C = -4
w

.
v = 7 t2 – t + 4

When t = 4
5 ( 4)
2

v= -4-4
2
= 40 - 8
= 32 ms -1

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(ii) Required To Determine: The particles displacement from O when t = 3 .

Solution:
Let the displacement from O at time t be s m.
s = ò v dt
æ 5t 2 ö
= òç - t - 4 ÷ dt
è 2 ø
3 2
5t t
= - - 4t + K ( K = constant)
3´ 2 2

m
s = 8 when t = 2

co
5 ( 2) ( 2)
3 2

8= - - 4 ( 2) + K
6 2

.
1

hs
8 = 8 - 2-8+ K
3
1
\ K = 11
3
at
m
5t 3 t 2 1
s= - - 4t + 11
6 2 3
s
as

When t = 3
5 ( 3) ( 3)
3 2
1
s= - - 4 ( 3) + 11
sp

6 2 3
1 1
= 22 - 4 - 12
.fa

2 2
1
= 17 m
3
w
w
w

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