Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
DIVISION OF BUTUAN CITY

WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Pre-Calculus, Grade 11, Quarter 2, Week 1-2

ANGLE MEASURE, COTERMINAL ANGLES, REFERENCE ANGLE AND

CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle (STEM_PC11T-
Ila-1);
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa
(STEM_PC11T-Ila-2);
3. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles
(STEM_PC11T-Ila-3);
4. Illustrate the different circular functions (STEM_PC11T-Ilb-1); and
5. Uses reference angles to find exact values of circular functions
(STEM_PC11T-Ilb-2)

Time Allotment: 8 hours

ANGLE MEASURE

An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its

endpoint. In the figure shown below, the initial
side of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 is 𝑂𝐴, while its terminal side is 𝑂𝐵.
An angle is said to be positive if the ray rotates in
a counterclockwise direction, and the angle is negative if it rotates in a
clockwise direction.

An angle is in standard position if it is drawn in the 𝑥𝑦-plane with its

vertex at the origin and its initial side on the positive 𝑥-axis. The angles 𝛼,
𝛽, and 𝜃 in the figure are angles in standard position.

To measure angles, we commonly use degrees and

radians. A degree is a unit purely based on the
amount of rotation while radian is based on the arc
length produced by each angle

Converting degree to radian, and vice versa:

• To convert a degree measure to radian,

𝝅
multiply it by .
𝟏𝟖𝟎
 • To convert a radian measure to degree,
𝟏𝟖𝟎
multiply it by .
𝝅

Example 1:

a. Express 75° and 240° in radians

𝜋 11𝜋
b. Express rad and rad in degrees.
8 6

Solution:
𝜋 75𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 180° 180°𝜋 45°
(a). 75° × = = (b). × = =
180° 180 12 8 𝜋 8𝜋 2

𝜋 240𝜋 4𝜋 11𝜋 180° 1980°𝜋

240° × = = × = = 330°
180° 180 3 6 𝜋 6𝜋

COTERMINAL ANGLES

Two angles in standard position that have common terminal side are called
coterminal angles.

Note:
• Two angles are coterminal if and
only if their degree measures
differ by 360𝑘, where 𝑘 ∈ ℤ.
• Similarly, two angles are
coterminal if and only if their
radian measures differ by 2𝜋𝑘,
where 𝑘 ∈ ℤ.

As an illustration, to find one coterminal angle of 410°, just subtract 360°,

resulting to 50°

Example 2.

1. Find the angle 𝜃 coterminal with −380° with measure

(a). 𝜃 ∈ [0°, 360°]
(b). 𝜃 ∈ [−360°, 0°]
8𝜋
2. Find the angle 𝜃 coterminal with with measure
3
(a). 𝜃 ∈ [0, 2𝜋]
(b). 𝜃 ∈ [−2𝜋, 0]

Solution:
1. A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, and the angle −380°
lies in Quadrant IV.
(a). −380° + 2(360°) = 340°
 (b). −380° + 360° = −20°
2. A positive angle moves in a counterclockwise direction, and the angle
8𝜋
lies in Quadrant II.
3
8𝜋 2𝜋
(a). − 2𝜋 =
3 3
8𝜋 4𝜋
(b). − 2(2𝜋) = −
3 3

REFERENCE ANGLE

The acute angle formed by the terminal side of the given angle in standard
position and the 𝑥 – axis.

When the given angle ≤ 360°

Example 3. Find the reference angle of the following:

(a). 300°
(b). 210°
7𝜋
(c).
6

Solution:
(a). 𝑅𝑒𝑓(300°) = 360° − 60° = 60°
(b). 𝑅𝑒𝑓(210°) = 210° − 180° = 30°
7𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋
(c). 𝑅𝑒𝑓 ( ) = − 𝜋 =
6 6 6

CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

Let 𝜃 be an angle in standard position and

𝑄(𝜃) = 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) the point on the terminal side of 𝜃,
and 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 > 0. Then

𝒚 𝒓
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 = , 𝒚≠𝟎
𝒓 𝒚
𝒙 𝒓
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒓 𝒙
𝒚 𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 = , 𝒚 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙 𝒚
 Recall:
• In a 30° − 60° − 90° triangle, the shorter leg is half of the hypotenuse,
and the longer leg is √3 times the shorter leg.
• In a 45° − 45° − 90° triangle, the legs are half of the hypotenuse times
√2.

Example 4.

a. Find the values of cos 135°, tan 135°, sin(−60°) and sec(−60°).
3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
b. Find the exact value of sin , cos and tan .
2 2 2
3
c. Suppose 𝑠 is a real number such that sin 𝑠 = − and cos 𝑠 > 0. Find
4
cos 𝑠.

Solution:

Figure 1

a. From the properties of 45° − 45° and 30° − 60° right triangles (with
hypotenuse 1 unit), the length of the legs has been obtained as shown in
figure 1. Thus, the coordinated of A and B are

√2 √2 1 √3
𝐴 = (− , ) 𝐵 = ( ,− )
2 2 2 2
Thus, we get

√2 √3
− −
cos 135° = 2 = − √𝟐 sin(−60°) = 2 = − √𝟑
1 𝟐 1 𝟐
√2 1
tan 135° = 2 = −𝟏 sec(−60°) =
1
=𝟐
√2 2
−
2
b. Type equation here.
3𝜋 3𝜋
sin = sin(270°) = −1 tan = tan(270°) = und
2 2
3𝜋 𝜋
cos = cos(270°) = 0 csc = csc(30°) = 2
2 6
 𝑦
c. Note that sin 𝜃 = , 𝑟 > 0. Hence, 𝑦 = −3 and 𝑟 = 4. Also, we have
𝑟
𝑟= √𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 ; Squaring both sides, we get
2
𝑟 2 = (√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑟2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2

Solve for 𝑥, 𝑟 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 or 𝑥 2 = 𝑟 2 − 𝑦 2

Square both sides, 𝑥 = ±√𝑟 2 − 𝑦 2

Substitute the value of 𝑟 and 𝑦, 𝑥 = ±√42 − (−3)2 = ±√7

𝑥 √7
Since cos 𝑠 > 0, then, cos 𝑠 = = .
𝑟 4

Steps in finding the exact value of the circular functions of angle 𝜽:

1. Determine the reference

angle of 𝜃.
2. Determine the location of 𝜃
and affix the correct sign to
the value of the particular
circular function at an
angle 𝜃.

Example 5. Use reference angle and appropriate sign to find the exact
value of each expression.
11𝜋 𝜋 1
1. sin = − sin = −
6 6 2
11𝜋 𝜋 √3
2. cos = cos =
6 6 2
7𝜋 𝜋 √3
3. cos (− ) = − cos 6 = −
6 2
1
4. sin 150° = sin 30° =
2
𝜋 √3
8𝜋 𝜋 sin
5. tan = − tan = − 3
𝜋 =− 2
1 = −√3
3 3 cos
3 2
√3
6. cos 510° = cos 150° = − cos 30° = −
2
√2
sin 45°
7. tan(−225°) = − tan 45° = − =− 2
√2
= −1
cos 45°
2
13𝜋 𝜋 1 1
8. sec = sec = 𝜋 = 1 =2
3 3 cos
3 2
𝜋 1
10𝜋 𝜋 cos √3
9. cot (− ) = − cot 3 = − 3
𝜋 =− 2
√3
=−
3 sin 3
3 2
7𝜋 𝜋 1 1
10. csc = − csc = − 𝜋 = − √2 = −√2
4 4 sin
4 2
Example 6. Find the six trigonometric functions of the angle 𝜃 if the
terminal side of 𝜃 in standard position passes the point (5, −12).

Solution: 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = −12, thus, 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √52 + (−12)2 = 13. Hence,

𝑥 5 𝑟 13
cos 𝜃 = = sec 𝜃 = =
𝑟 13 𝑥 5
𝑦 12 𝑟 13
sin 𝜃 = = − csc 𝜃 = = −
𝑟 13 𝑦 12
𝑦 12 𝑥 5
tan 𝜃 = = − cot 𝜃 = = −
𝑥 5 𝑦 12

Activity 1: Convert Me!

What you need: Paper and Ballpen

What to do: Convert the following degree measurement (A) to radian

measure and the radian measure (B) to degree measurement. Write your
solutions completely and legibly on a separate sheet of paper.

A B
𝜋
1. 330° 1.
30
2. 135° 2.
3𝜋
12
3. −250° 3.
7𝜋
2

Activity 2: Find my reference angle!

What you need: Paper and Ballpen

What to do: Find the reference angle of the given radian or degree
measurement. Write your solutions completely and legibly on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. −800° 6. −
29𝜋
9
2. −315° 7. −
5𝜋
9
3. 185° 8.
10𝜋
3
4. 361° 9.
13𝜋
6
5. 505° 10.
37𝜋
36

Activity 3: Use my reference angle to find me!

What you need: Paper and Ballpen

What to do: Use reference angle and appropriate sign to find the exact value
of each expression. Write your solutions completely and legibly on a
separate sheet of paper.
11𝜋
1. sin 6. cos 315°
6

3𝜋
2. sec 7. cot 210°
4
13𝜋
3. cot 8. sec 120°
6
2𝜋
4. csc 9. sin 300°
3
8𝜋
5. tan 10. cot 270°
3

Activity 4: Find my six trigonometric functions!

What you need: Paper and Ballpen

What to do: Use the angle in the unit circle to find the value of each of the
six trigonometric functions. Write your solutions completely and legibly on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. 2.

Reflection

On a separate sheet of paper, write a short reflective essay (one to two paragraphs) detailing
your experiences in completing the activities. You may summarize the things that you have
learned, their applications in our daily lives, and the things that you enjoy or dislike.

RUBRICS
10 – 9 points 8 – 6 points 5 – 3 points 2 – 0 points
The reflection explains the The reflection attempts to
The reflection explains the
student’s own thinking and demonstrate thinking about The reflection does not
student’s thinking about
learning experiences, as well learning but is vague and/or address the student’s
his/her own learning
as implications for future unclear about the personal thinking and/or learning.
experiences.
learning. learning experiences.

References

Pre-Calculus Teacher’s Guide, First Edition 2016 Pre-Calculus Learner’s Material, First
Edition 2016
 csc 𝑡 = 2

3
sec 𝑡 =
2√3

36
cot 𝑡 = √3 10. 0 10.
𝜋

3
tan 𝑡 = 2
9. − 6
√3 √3 9.
𝜋

2
cos 𝑡 = 3
√3 8. −2 8.
𝜋

2. sin 𝑡 = 2 7. √3
9
7. 3. 630°
1 4𝜋

3
csc 𝑡 = − 2
6. 9
2√3 √2 6. 2. 45°
2𝜋

sec 𝑡 = −2 5. −√3 5. 35° 1. 6°

3
cot 𝑡 = 3
4.
√3 2√3 4. 1° Activity 1 B

18
tan 𝑡 = √3 3. √3 3. 5° 3. −
25𝜋

2
cos 𝑡 = − 4
1 2. −√2 2. 45° 2.
3𝜋

2
√3
1. sin 𝑡 = − 1. − 2 1. 80°
18
1.
1 33𝜋

Activity 4 Activity 3 Activity 2 Activity 1 A

KEY TO CORRECTION

Writer: Reviewers:

JEREMIAH A. ATENTA ELMER R. ANDEBOR AMALIA B. RINGOR, DevEdD

Special Science Teacher I STEM Group Head Academic Track Head
Agusan National High School Agusan National High School Agusan National High School

RUTH A. CASTROMAYOR ISRAEL B. REVECHE, PhD

Secondary School Teacher III Principal IV Education Program Supervisor
Agusan National High School SHS Assistant Principal Butuan City Division SHS Coordinator
Agusan National High School

Secondary School Teacher II

Agusan National High School