Mathematics – Grade X

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MS ANOOSHA NASEEM

Chapter 8: Further
Trigonometry
Lesson Objective – 18th, th th
19 and 20 Feb
• Recall basics of Pythagoras’ Theorem and Trigonometric ratios.

• Start the New Topic: Further Trigonometry and

o learn how to extend the sine, cosine and tan functions to angles between 90° and 180°
o do questions from Ex 8A (Book 3)
Pythagoras Theorem
Pythagoras’ Theorem

𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐

The opposite side is across from a given angle.

The hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the side opposite

the right angle. It is the longest side in a right triangle.

The adjacent side is the non-hypotenuse side that is next to a

given angle.
Practice for identifying sides in a right-angled
triangle. (Ex 11A - Book 2 – page 288)
i Hypotenuse = PQ
(ii) PR is the side opposite angle a
(iii) Side QR is adjacent to angle a
Practice of Pythagoras’ Theorem
(Ex 10A - Book 2 – page 266)
𝑄1 𝑎
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐
𝑎2 = 202 + 212
𝑎2 = 841
𝒂 = 𝟐𝟗 𝒄𝒎

𝑄1 𝑏
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐
𝑏 2 = 352 + 122
𝑏 2 = 1369
𝒃 = 𝟑𝟕 𝒄𝒎
Practice of Pythagoras’ Theorem
(Ex 10 A - Book 2 – page 266)

𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 82 + 152
𝐴𝐶 2 = 289
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒎
Pythagoras’ Theorem
(Ex 10 A - Book 2 – page 266)

𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐

342 = 302 + 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝 2
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝2 = 342 − 302
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝2 = 256
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎
𝑎 2 = 162 + 16 2
𝑎 2 = 512
𝒂 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔 𝒄𝒎
Trigonometric Ratios
Recap: Trigonometric Ratios
soh-cah-toa
Practice for Trigonometric Ratios in a right-
angled triangle. (Ex 11A - Book 2 – page 288)
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝐵𝐶 𝟓
i sin A = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝐵 𝟏𝟑

𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴𝐶 𝟏𝟐
𝑖i cos A = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝐵 𝟏𝟑

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝐵𝐶 𝟓
𝑖i𝑖 tan A = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴𝐶 𝟏𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐶 𝟏𝟐
iv sin B = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝐵 𝟏𝟑

𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐵𝐶 𝟓
𝑣 cos B = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝐵 𝟏𝟑

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐶 𝟏𝟐
𝑣𝑖 tan B = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐵𝐶 𝟓
Practice for Trigonometric Ratios in a right-
angled triangle. (Ex 11B - Book 2 – page 294)
a
𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin A =
ℎ𝑦𝑝

𝑎
sin 34° =
12

𝒂 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟒° × 𝟏𝟐
𝒂 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟏 𝒄𝒎

𝑎𝑑𝑗
cos A =
ℎ𝑦𝑝

𝑏
cos 34° =
12

𝒃 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟒° × 𝟏𝟐
𝒃 = 𝟗. 𝟗𝟓 𝒄𝒎
Recall
• What is an acute angle?
• What in a right angle?
• What is an obtuse angle?
Sine and Cosine of Obtuse Angles
 Book 3
Chapter 8: Further Trigonometry (page 219)
Sin, Cos, and Tan of Obtuse Angles
A 180° - A Sin A Sin (180°- A) Cos A Cos (180°-A) Tan A Tan (180°-A)
(a) 30° 150° 0.5 0.5 0.866 - 0.866 0.577 - 0.577
(b) 45° 135° 0.707 0.707 0.707 - 0.707 1 -1
(c) 60° 120° 0.866 0.866 0.5 - 0.5 1.73 - 1.73
(d) 76° 104° 0.97 0.97 0.242 - 0.242 4.01 - 4.01
(e) 111° 69° 0.936 0.936 - 0.358 0.358 -2.605 2.605
(f) 167° 13° 0.225 0.225 - 0.974 0.974 -0.231 0.231

tan A = −tan (𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝑨)

 Ex 8A (page 227)
(d) cos A = − cos (180° − 𝐴)
cos 99° = − cos (180° − 99°)
cos 99° = −𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖𝟏°

(a) sin A = sin (180° − 𝐴)

sin 110° = sin(180° − 110°) (e) cos A = − cos (180° − 𝐴)
sin 110° = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟎° cos 107° = − cos (180° − 107°)
cos 107° = −𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕𝟑°
(c) sin A = sin (180° − 𝐴)
sin 98° = sin(180° − 98°)
sin 98° = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟖𝟐°
Ex 8A (page 227)
(b) cos A = - cos (180° − 𝐴)
cos 35° = − 𝑐𝑜s (180° − 35°)
cos 35° = − cos 145°
cos 35° = −(−0.819)
cos 35° = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝟗

(a) sin A = sin (180° − 𝐴)

sin 148° = sin(180° − 148°)
sin 148° = sin 32°
sin 148° = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟎
 Ex 8A (page 227)
(a) 2 cos 45° + 3 sin 135°
2 cos 45° + 3 sin (180° − 135°)
2 cos 45° + 3 sin 45°
2 (0.707) + 3 0.707
1.414 + 2.121
𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝟓
(c) cos 135° - 2 sin 45°
- cos (180° − 135°) - 2 sin 45°
- cos 45° - 2 sin 45°
(-0.707) - 2 0.707
-0.707 – 1.414
−𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟏
 𝑎 sin ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = sin(180° − ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷)
sin ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = sin ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶
Ex 8A (page 227) sin ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶=
𝑜𝑝𝑝
ℎ𝑦𝑝
=
8
10
𝟒
sin ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = sin ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 =
𝟓

𝑏 cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 = −cos(180° − ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴)

cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 = −cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑎𝑑𝑗 6
cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 10
𝟑
cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 = −cos ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = −
𝟓

𝑜𝑝𝑝 8
(c) tan ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 6
𝟒 𝟏
tan ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = OR 1
𝟑 𝟑
Ex 8A (page 227) – H.W.
 Ex 8A (page 227)

(a) sin A = 0.52 (d) sin A = 0.3456 (a) sin 31.3° = 0.52
𝐴 = sin−1 0.52 A = sin−1 0.3456 sin A = sin (180° − 𝐴)
31.3° 20.2° sin 31.3° = sin(180° − 31.3°)
sin 31.3° = sin 148.7°
𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟕°

(d) sin 20.2° = 0.3456

sin A = sin (180° − 𝐴)
sin 20.2° = sin(180° − 20.2°)
sin 20.2° = sin 159.8°
𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟖°
Ex 8A (page 227)

(a) cos A = 0.67 (d) cos A = 0.985

A = cos−1 0.67 A = cos−1 0.985
47.9° 9.9°
Ex 8A (page 227)

(e) cos 𝑥 = −0.783

𝑥 = cos−1 (−0.783)
(a) sin 𝑥 = 0.753 141.5°
𝑥 = sin−1 0.753
48.9°
sin A = sin (180° − A)
sin 48.9° = sin (180° − 48.9°)
sin 48.9° = sin 131.1°
131.1°
𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟗° 𝒐𝒓 131.1°
 𝑎 𝑯𝒚𝒑𝟐 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝟐 + 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝟐
𝑷𝑹𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐
𝑷𝑹𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟗
Ex 8A (page 227) 𝑃𝑅 = 17 𝑐𝑚
sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑆 = sin(180° − ∠𝑃𝑅𝑆)
sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑆 = sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
𝑜𝑝𝑝 8
sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 17
𝟖
sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑆 = sin ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 =
𝟏𝟕
17 cm

𝑏 cos ∠𝑆𝑅𝑃 = −cos(180° − ∠𝑆𝑅𝑃)

cos ∠𝑆𝑅𝑃 = −cos ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
𝑎𝑑𝑗 15
cos ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 17
𝟏𝟓
cos ∠𝑆𝑅𝑃 = −cos ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = −
𝟏𝟕

𝑜𝑝𝑝 8
(c) tan ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 15
𝟖
tan ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 =
𝟏𝟓
Homework Ex 8A Q5