A Bibliographical Review of ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Downloaded from SAE International by Univ of California Berkeley, Thursday, July 26, 2018
ARTICLE INFO
Article ID: 08-07-01-0005
Copyright © 2018
SAE International
doi:10.4271/08-07-01-0005
A Bibliographical Review of
Electrical Vehicles (xEVs)
Standards
Mohammad Saad Alam, Aligarh Muslim University
Aqueel Ahmad, Aligarh Muslim University
Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, Technical University Munich
Yasser Rafat, Aligarh Muslim University
Rakan C Chabaan, Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center
Imran Khan, Maruti Suzuki India Limited
Samir M Al-Shariff, Tayibah University
History
Abstract Received: 17 Sep 2017
This work puts presents an all-inclusive state of the art bibliographical review of all categories of Accepted: 17 Jan 2018
electrified transportation (xEVs) standards, issued by the most important standardization organiza- e-Available: 18 Apr 2018
tions. Firstly, the current status for the standards by major organizations is presented followed by
the graphical representation of the number of standards issued. The review then takes into consid- Keywords
eration the interpretation of the xEVs standards developed by all the major standardization orga- Electric Vehicles, Electric
nizations across the globe. The standards are differentiated categorically to deliver a coherent view Vehicle Standards,
Standardization
of the current status followed by the explanation of the core of these standards. The ISO, IEC, SAE,
Organizations, Electric
IEEE, UL, ESO, NTCAS, JARI, JIS and ARAI electrified transportation vehicles xEV Standards from
Mobility
USA, Europe, Japan, China and India were evaluated. A total approximated of 283 standards in the
area have been issued. A tabular form containing the code numbers and standards titles by the Citation
major standard organizations in a total of seven categories is presented. Categories identified were:
Alam, M.S., Ahmad, A.,
Standards on xEV Terminology Vocabulary, Standards on xEV Charging, Standards on xEV Battery Khan, Z.A., Rafat, Y. et al.,
and Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems - RESS, Standards on xEV Safety and Protection, “A Bibliographical Review of
Standards on xEV Communication, Standards on xEV Power Quality, Power Rating and Power Electrical Vehicles (xEVs)
Transfer, and finally, Standards on Measurement of the xEV Performance Measurement. This detailed Standards,” SAE Int. J. Alt.
elucidation of the standards will assist the researchers, reviewers and experts to find all the standards Power. 7(1):63-98, 2018,
available in open literature at one platform, compare and differentiate of various standards consid- doi:10.4271/08-07-01-0005.
ered. Further, description of up-to- date standards of the xEVs sector in India is outlined, which is
of significant importance considering the increasing influence of electric mobility in the Indian ISSN: 2167-4191
transportation sector. This work will be valuable, principally to the automotive industry, as reference e-ISSN: 2167-4205
for product development applicable to numerous worldwide markets.
63
64 Alam et al. / SAE Int. J. Alt. Power. / Volume 7, Issue 1 (April 2018)
I. Introduction This study is outlined by distributing standards into seven

major categories. These 7 categories have been selected based
T
on the holistic background research done in drafting this
he evolutionary xEV market can prove to be an research report. These 7 categories address the most promi-
economic and eco-friendly replacement of the conven- nent and relevant topics in the xEV production and accessi-
tional vehicles in the transportation sector. The coun- bility. The list is provided as: 1. xEV Terminology Standards;
tries all over the world have realized xEVs progression as an 2. Charging Related Standards; 3. Battery and Rechargeable
important method to ensure green energy and a low carbon Energy Storage System (RESS) Related Standards; 4. Safety
economy transformation. The sale electrical vehicles is gaining and protection Related Standards; 5. Communication Related
momentum and by 2015 the xEV stock had reached Standards; 6. Power Quality, Power Supply, Power Rating and
740,000 units globally [1, 2]. However, for allowing a faster Transfer Related Standards; 7. Standards related to the
market penetration, standardization of the vehicles is of high Measurement of EV Performance. The Present Status and
priority. For successful adoption and utilization, each and Projected Development of the xEV Standardization in India
every aspect related to the xEV needs to be standardized, is discussed, following the conclusions, references and
namely the plugs for charging, the charger specifications, the the appendix.
communication between the vehicle and the chargers, fast Furthermore the authors would also like to add that to
charging systems and respective billing, security measures the best of their knowledge this is a first such attempt where
for vehicle safety and safety of persons against electric shock, an exhaustive bibliographical review of the xEV standards
on-board electric energy storage for propulsion, vehicle energy concerning the major categories is presented. In the past there
performance and energy measurements. has been reports published which have principally focused on
The existence of a robust standardization framework is certain standards of a particular organization. A review
imperative for the xEVs to be able to compete and ascertain encompassing the study of available standards is yet to be
their advantages over their counterpart IC engine vehicles. published. Moreover the authors do not claim that the review
The expansion of the xEV market is largely influenced with contains all available standards but it was an attempt to
the standardization system. The absence of standardization provide a review of standards related to the major categories
system can impede the growth due to a number of reasons. of the xEVs. In the near future more such reviews will be
Firstly, lack of the standardization will chiefly result in the provided and this review is indeed the first in line work by the
manufacture of substandard products. Products such as authors on the major standards. This study will be particularly
couplers, connectors, plugs, sockets, electrical power circuits, beneficial to the professionals looking for major standards at
electrical and electronics boards, electrical devices, sensors, one place. The industry professionals, researchers will find
actuators, input and output units, software, controllers and immensely benefited by such determined exploration.
batteries might fail when subjected to extreme conditions in
real world. The absence of a global standardization system will
allow manufacturers to develop local standardization systems
causing limited usability or product specific use. Thus, in light II. Scope of the
of the above mentioned reasons, it is comprehended that the
accessibility of standards within the xEV domain is of prime Review Work
importance to the customers as well as to the manufacturers
to ensure safety, dependability, interoperability, aid to the This research report was developed with the intent to provide
government policies and regulations, expedited production a bibliographical review of the xEV related standards. Since
and adoption, and greater number of consumer choices. The it is very difficult and expensive to obtain all the standards at
standard institute technical specifications and requirements a time, therefore this article serves as a guide for the selection
must be taken into account in Research and Development and concurrently provides the review of the current standards
while designing and implementing their projects. With the in the major fields of the xEVs. Since the work addresses major
establishment of the standards, the conception of trial and standard categories, it will be particularly beneficial for the
error will be significantly abridged, allowing the modelling researchers and the academia who look forward to obtaining
and simulation procedures to become straight forward. a study where they can get the critical insight into the stan-
In this research report the most up-to-date standards in dards at one place. This work can also be employed as a guide
electric vehicles sector issued by major standardization orga- by the industry professionals who intend to select a standard
nizations are discussed. It then delves deeper into providing for particular application. This work can also act as a quick
an exhaustive analysis of these standards. The different stan- reference for the practicing engineers as OEMs tend to develop
dards are categorically distinguished according to the issues products with global compatibility. The work states the tech-
they address. This is followed by description and comparison nical specifications of the standards, its possible applications
of the central idea of different standards so that even a profes- and major additions in their revised versions. During the
sional who is not familiar with the standards can assess the development of the research report special care was taken so
state of the standardization activities in the xEVs frameworks that the text is presented in an articulate manner allowing
at present and in future. The report also describes the progress even a non-standards professional to comprehend and follow
and the projected development in India within the xEV sector. the core of the report. Furthermore, an appendix is being
© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.
Alam et al. / SAE Int. J. Alt. Power. / Volume 7, Issue 1 (April 2018) 65
FIGURE 1 Electric car geographical stock by countries from 2005 to 2016 [125].
© SAE International
provided at the end of the technical reports which contains through which European Standards are developed. CEN
the tabular form containing the standards by the major orga- provides a platform for development of European standards
nization in various categories. Figure 1 shows the trends of and act as catalyst in Europe by removing trade barriers for
the EV stock in the different countries from 2005-2016 European stakeholders. CEN’s 34 National Members work
presenting the increased demand of EV. Statistical data is together to develop voluntary European Standards.
attached in Appendix as Table A.8. In Japan, JSA and JARI have performed effectively over
the years in the field of standardization. In China, the NTCAS
is responsible for organizing and drafting the electric vehicle
standards. The standards developed by the NTCAS are
III. Major Electrification approved and released by the MIIT China and the SAC. A
number of technical committees which are guided by the SAC
Transportation and MIIT have been formed for the advancement of the stan-
dardization work in the field of Electric Vehicles in China.
Standardization The ARAI is responsible for providing the technical expertise
Organizations in the testing, homologation and outlining of vehicular regula-
tions in India. The ARAI publishes AIS on behalf of the AISC
and the MoRT&H. The AISC was instituted in 1997 to support
With the benefits of energy conservation, low or no emissions, the CMVR-TSC in the standardization procedures. The ARAI
higher economy, low fuel consumption, and government has drafted and published standards defining the guidelines
provided subsidies, the electric vehicles are leading the path for the vehicles in general as well as those pertaining to the
of sustainable mobility. The evident environmental concerns specific parts of the vehicles. In Figure 2 major electrification
as well as increasing prices and limited availability of fuels transportation standardization organizations is shown.
have also been major reasons for shifting the attention of
researchers towards the growth of Electric Vehicles. The major
organizations for issuing standards for xEVs worldwide are
ISO and IEC, apart from them; few other institutions and
committees have been established for the task of standardiza-
IV. Present Status of the
tion in Europe, United States of America, Japan, China and XEV Standards across
India. In United States of America, ANSI, SAE, UL and IEEE
are the organizations assigned with the task of standardizing the World
all xEVs. In Europe, CENELEC in conjunction with its fellow
organizations CEN and ETSI constitute the so-called Looking at the prominence of mitigating the carbon emissions
European Standards Organizations (in the framework of EU from the transportation sector and reducing reliance on the
Regulation 1025/2012) [4]. The ESOs is officially recognized oil supply, the electric cars can really provide a plausible
by the European Commission and acts as a European platform substitute to the conventional internal combustion engine cars.
FIGURE 2 Major electrification transportation standardization organizations across the globe.
What is more important is the elimination of the potential standards where 240 SAE committee and 450+ subcommittees
regulatory and framework hurdles that can impede the stan- and task groups are involved. More than 9000 engineers are
dardization process of the electric vehicles. An imperative involved for revision and maintenance and provide
step in the direction of wide xEV adoption is the championing outstanding standards [123]. SAE has 60 US Technical
of the standardization activities on both intra and extra vehic- Advisory Group (USTAG’s) to ISO committee. [123] gives the
ular technologies. The xEV standardization process is being major information about the SAE standards committee. The
carried out rapidly in all the developed and the developing SAE has developed 81 vehicle electrification standards in total
countries. The different organizations working across different [8, 9]. These standards define the protocols for vehicle termi-
continents have published and drafted numerous standards nology, safety, communication, battery, charging, electromag-
for the Electric Vehicles. netic compatibility, power quality, power rating and connec-
The ISO has published the standards [5] for Electrically tors. IEEE develops electric standards under the IEEE
Propelled vehicles which includes the electric vehicles, hybrid Transportation Electrification Community (IEEE TEC). This
electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. These standards committee has developed 15 EV standards [9] and 1 standard
have been prepared by the technical Committee ISO/TC 22, (IEEE 2030.1.1/D2.1, June 2015) [10] is still in its early stages.
Road Vehicles and Sub Committees SC 21, electrically The UL is another standardization organization which has
propelled road vehicles and SC 31, electrical and electronic established 21 electric vehicle standards which state the
equipment. The ISO has published a total of 21 standards while recommendations for safety, electric vehicle supply equipment,
15 standards are under development, taking the total number power supplies, batteries and EV chargers and connectors [11].
of standards to 36. The IEC [6] has developed standards on The ESO develops standards for implementation in
electric vehicles under the Technical Committee TC 69 Europe. Its working members include the CEN, CENELEC
(Electric road vehicles and Electric Industrial Trucks) with and ETSI; together they have established 95 standards incor-
many standard still under development. Technical Committee porating all the characteristics of the electric vehicles and the
TC 21 (Secondary cells and batteries) has developed standards associated systems [12]. In Japan, JARI has established the
on the Secondary batteries and Secondary Lithium Ion cells JEVS as the organization for the electric vehicle standard and
for the electric road vehicles while the Sub Committee 23H has developed 33 JEVS so far [13]. The JSA has devised 16 JIS
(Plugs, Socket-outlets and Couplers for industrial and similar for the electric vehicles [14]. These standards have provided
applications, and for Electric Vehicles) has developed stan- the technical guidelines for the operation and deployment of
dards stating the requirements for the connectors, plugs, EV’s in Japan. Another nation which has expedited the vehicle
sockets etc. Thus the total number of standards comes out to standardization procedure is China. The NTCAS has estab-
be 60 [7]. These include the projects completed as well as lished the GB and QC/T for all types of electric vehicles. The
projects still under development. The SAE has been amongst total number of standards published and being prepared are
the pioneers in the field of xEV standardization. 75 [15, 16, 17, 18]. India is one of the countries that is making
SAE develops the standards for the mobility industries progress in the field of electric mobility.
such as automotive, aerospace and commercial vehicles. The ARAI publishes the AIS and it has published 18 AIS
SAE standards committee has developed more than 10,000 on battery operated vehicles and hybrid vehicles amongst
FIGURE 3 Number of electric vehicle standards developed by different major standardization authorities.
which most are in committee draft stage and few are in the The ISO/TR 8713:2012 [20] defines the vocabulary of
released stage [19]. The ARAI is keen on taking rapid measures terms and definitions encompassing the BEV, HEV, PHEV and
for the prevalence of the electric mobility within the trans- FCV, FCHEV; whereas the SAE J 1715/1 covers only the termi-
portation sector in India. The statistical plot of the standards nologies for the EV and the HEV. Also, the SAE J 1715/2 [21]
by different organizations is given in the Figure 3. provides the specialized battery terms which are absent in the
SAE J 1715/1 which have been defined by the Battery
Terminology Committee. In Figure 5 the block diagram shows
the exemplary basic components of the BEV, HEV, LDV, PHEV,
V. Categorical FCV, FCHEV and Table 1 includes all available Electrical
Vehicles Acronyms and its significance. SAE standards are
Discrimination of the published in English. The ESO standard EN 13447:2001 [22]
Different xEV Standards establishes the related terminologies for the electrically
propelled vehicles across the European nations, including the
definitions for the electric power train, traction system, cell,
The current standards cover wide range of xEV related aspects battery pack, conductive parts, electrical circuits, supplemen-
from charging, rechargeable energy storage systems, and tary insulation. In Figure 6 Number of Electrical Vehicles xEV
communication, to safety of the personnel handling the xEV as Terminology Standards by Major Standardization Organizations
well as other concerned infrastructures. For articulate presenta- is shown.
tion of ideas and distinctively describe the standards developed Table 2 gives a brief list of xEV Terminology standards
by each organization, we have divided the standards into issued by the major standardization organizations whereas
different categories and elaborated each category as required. the complete descriptive list is provided in tabular format
Figure 4 show the major categorization of xEV standards. (Table A.1) in Appendix.
1. Standards on xEV 2. Standards on xEV Charging

Terminology and
Vocabulary The charging standards by the different organizations focus
mainly on the conductive charging method which indeed is
This category comprises of the standards that defines the the most prevalent charging technique throughout. The other
terminology and vocabulary for the electrically propelled alternative methods of charging, namely inductive charging
vehicles and their batteries. ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 and ISO/ or Wireless charging and Battery Swapping Techniques, are
IEC Guide 65:1996 are the meta-standards covering matters still in the early stages of implementation. In Figure 7 the
related to international standardization. There are three Number of Electric Vehicles xEV Charging Standards by the
official languages of ISO are English, French and Russian. Major Standardization Organizations are shown.
FIGURE 4 Major categories of electrical vehicles standards.
A. IEC Standards The standard IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0 [23] used to supply or charge electric vehicles with electric power
covers the general requirements for the conductive charging by CPT or by WPT. The IEC 61851-21-1 Ed. 1.0 applies only
system. The standard will be published in 2016 and super- to on-board chargers and is not applicable to trolley buses,
sedes IEC 61851-1 Ed. 2.0 [24] (published in 2010) applicable rail vehicles, industrial trucks and vehicles designed chiefly
to on-board as well as off-board charging equipment for for off-rod applications.
charging at standard AC supply voltages up to 1000 V and The IEC 61851-23 Ed. 1.0 [27] which together with IEC
D.C. voltages up to 1500 V. The IEC 61851-1 Ed. 2.0 super- 61851-1 (Ed. 2.0), gives the requirements for D.C. Electric
seded the IEC 61851-1 Ed. 1.0 published in 2001. The stan- Vehicle CCS and the general requirements for the control
dard was designed to provide all the information significant communication between a D.C. Electric Vehicle CCS and an
to the construction of a charging infrastructure. These are EV. The standard was published in 2014 with the rationale to
developed by the TC 69 with the intent of being a complete standardize the DC charging and its aspects after it was estab-
guide to any professional designing a charging infrastructure. lished that the DC charging system was more efficient than the
The standard defines ratings of the AC supply voltage, EV AC charging system. The IEC 62196-1 Ed. 3.0 [32] is expected
charging modes, specific requirements for the vehicle inlet, to be stable by 2018 and supersedes the IEC 62196-1 Ed. 2.0
connector, plug and socket outlet etc. published in 2014. IEC 62196-1 refers to the plugs being
The IEC 61851-21-1 Ed. 1.0 [25] provides the EMC require- employed for the industrial and multiphase applications like
ments for the conductive connection only for on-board in chemical industries, heavy industries, water treatment
charging units of an EV to an A.C. or D.C. supply whereas the plants, construction sites and shipyards etc. Few of these plug
IEC 61851-21-2 Ed. 1.0 [26] gives the EMC requirements for types were also being employed for the automotive charging
any off-board components or equipment of systems that are process and they are covered by the IEC 62196-2 Ed. 1.0 [33].
FIGURE 5 Block diagram showing the exemplary basic components of the ICE, FCEV, BEV, PHEV, HEV and FCHEV.

TABLE 1 All available electrical vehicles acronyms and its significance.
S. No. Acronym Significance

1. AER All Electric Range -is the range of a vehicle using only its electric fuel source or battery pack.
2. AFV Alternative Fuel Vehicle -is a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than “traditional” petroleum fuels (petrol or
diesel)
3. BEV Battery Electric Vehicle -is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses energy stored in rechargeable battery
packs for propulsion
4. DFV Dual-Fuel Vehicle -a vehicle that has two separate fuel systems that work at separate times, usually
Alternative fuel or conventional gasoline.
5. CEV City Electric Vehicle -have 50-75 miles range and are smaller versions of battery EVs intended for around
town use
6. CFV Clean Fuel Vehicle -any vehicle certified by the EPA that meets federal emissions standards
7. ECU Electronic Control Unit -is a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the
electrical system or subsystems in a motor vehicle
8. EHDV Electric Heavy Duty Vehicle -battery powered vans, and trucks
9. EREV Extended Range Electric -operates as a battery electric vehicle for a certain number of miles, After the battery
Vehicle has been discharged, a gas engine powers an electric generator for several hundred
miles of ‘extended-range’ driving.
10. EV Electric Vehicle -any vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.
11. H2V Hydrogen Vehicle -is a Vehicle that uses hydrogen as its on-board fuel for propulsion
12. HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle -is a vehicle which driven by combination of a conventional internal combustion
engine (ICE) with an electric propulsion system.
13. HDEV Hybrid Diesel Electric -is a vehicle which combines a diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) with an
Vehicle electric propulsion system.
14. ICE Internal Combustion -an engine that converts the chemical energy liberated through combustion of fuel,
Engine into a mechanical energy that is used to propel the vehicle.
15. ILEV Inherently Low Electric -is a term defined by US Legislation as way of categorising Electric Vehicles which
Vehicle emits “inherently” low levels of air pollutants. The term may be used in a general
sense, but low emission vehicles may be given tax or other advantages.
16. FCEV Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle -are vehicles that convert the chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen from the
air, into electricity to power an electric motor.
17. FCHEV Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric -is a vehicle which combines a conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) with a
Vehicle Hydrogen Fuel Cell System to propel the vehicle forward.
18. NEV Neighbourhood Electric -is classified by the Department of Transportation as a low speed vehicle, that are
Vehicle legally limited to roads with posted speed limits as high as 45 miles per hour
depending on the particular laws of the state.
19. PEV Plug-in Electric Vehicle -is any vehicle that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, and the
electricity is stored in the battery packs, to propel an Electric Vehicle.
20. PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric -is any vehicle that combines an electric vehicle battery from any external source of
Vehicle electricity, and an internal combustion engine for propulsion
21. PZEV Partial Zero Emission -is a vehicle that has zero evaporative emissions from its fuel system, has a 15-year
Vehicle (or at least 150,000-mile) warranty on its emission-control components, and meets
Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle tailpipe-emission standards.
22. SULEV Super Ultra Low Electric -this Electric Vehicle classification is based on producing 90% less emissions than an
Vehicle equivalent gasoline-powered vehicle.
23. ULEV Ultra-Low Electric Vehicle -this Electric Vehicle classification is based on producing 50% less emissions than an
equivalent gasoline-powered vehicle.
24. ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle -this Electric Vehicle classification is based on a vehicle that produces no emissions
from the on-board source of power.
© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 69

FIGURE 6 Number of electrical vehicles xEV terminology standards by major standardization organizations.
The IEC 62196-2 Ed. 1.0 applied to plugs and connectors ductive charging and applied to EVs and PHEVs including
having a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 500 V the Chevrolet Volt, Nissan Leaf, Ford Focus Electric and Toy-
A.C., 50 to 60 Hz, and rated current not exceeding 63 A three- ota Prius PHEV amongst others.
phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of
electric vehicles. The types of plugs include single phase coupler C. UL Standards The UL has circulated the UL2202,
i.e. J 1772 connector, single phase and three phase coupler i.e. UL2251, UL2594, UL2734, UL2871 and UL9741 standards to
Mennekes connector, single phase and three phase coupler with address the charging issues with Electric Vehicles. The UL2202
shutter i.e. SCAME connector and DC coupler i.e. CHAdeMO [39] establishes the requirements for the Conductive Charging
connector. IEC 62196-3 Ed. 1.0 [34] is applicable to vehicle System equipment required for recharging the storage batteries
couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configura- in EV. The UL2202 safety standard is being implemented by a
tion with rated operating voltages up to 1500 V D.C. and rated number of industries like Delphi (120 V/15A, Level 1 Charger)
currents up to 250A, and 1000 V A.C. and rated current up to amongst others in their charging equipment’s. The UL2251 [40]
250A. The available connectors include the CHAdeMO covers plugs, receptacles, vehicle inlets/connectors etc. rated up
connector, SAE J1772 Combo Charging System (CoCS) and to 800A and up to 600 V AC or DC all planned for conductive
the Tesla Supercharger. These are being employed in a number connection systems for the EV and is being fulfilled in Leviton
of vehicles like Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Tesla Model S (40A, 240 V, 9.6 kW) chargers amongst many others. ARAI is
amongst others. IEC 61980-1 Ed. 1.0 [35] applies to the equip- developing the AIS-138/D1 [19] for the electric vehicle conduc-
ment for the Inductive Charging from the grid to EV for tive AC charging system. The standard is still in the draft stage
purposes of supplying energy to the RESS and/or other on-board (from report published on 30th April, 2016). A brief list of xEV
electrical systems in an operational state when connected to the Charging Standards issued by the major Standardization Orga-
gird and for WPT equipment supplied from on-site storage nizations are shown in Table 3 whereas the complete descriptive
systems (e.g. buffer batteries, Ultra Capacitors etc.). list is provided in tabular format (Table II) in Appendix.
B. SAE Standards The SAE J1772 [36] standard also cov-

er conductive charging requirement to facilitate the charging
of EV/PHEV in North- America while the SAE J1773 [37] 3. Standards on xEV Battery
issued by the Hybrid EV committee establishes the minimum and Rechargeable Energy
interface compatibility requirements for electric vehicle (EV)
inductively coupled charging in the same geographical re-
Storage System (RESS)
gions. This type of inductively coupled charging is anticipated Battery is an indispensable part of EV; therefore care should
to transfer power at frequencies higher than the power line be taken about the battery health, battery life, state of charge,
frequencies. The SAE J1772 was developed in 2009 for con- charging discharging cycle, level of charging. Hence it
TABLE 2 xEV terminology standards issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO SAE ESO NTCAS JARI JIS

ISO/TR 8713: 2012 J 1715/1 (RIP) EN 13447: 2001 GB/T195 s6-2004 Z805:1998 JIS D 0112: 2000
QC/T 837-2010 Z806:1998 JIS D 0113: 2000
GB/T 24548-2009 Z807:1998 JIS D 0114: 2000
GB/T 29317 Z808:1998 JIS D 0115: 2000
FIGURE 7 Number of electrical vehicles xEV charging standards by major standardization organizations.
becomes noteworthy for the organizations to publish stan- tions, ISO 12405-2:2012 [44] includes tests for High Energy
dards related to the batteries. Figure 8 shows number of Applications, identify standard test techniques for the basic
Electrical Vehicles xEV Standards on Batteries and REES by characteristics of performance, reliability and abuse of lithi-
Major Standardization Organizations. um-ion battery packs and systems. The identified test proce-
dures permit the user of ISO 12405 to define the necessary
features of performance, reliability and abuse of lithium-ion
A. ISO Standards The ISO standards have been devel- battery packs and systems. Another benefit is the fact that
oped for the Li-ion battery packs and systems. The ISO 12405 they allow the user to parallel the performance of different
comprises of three parts: High Power Applications, High En- battery packs. High power battery packs are majorly em-
ergy Applications and Safety Performance Requirements. The ployed in the HEV’s and FCV’s. High energy battery packs
ISO 12405-1:2011 [43] includes tests for High Power Applica- find employment in BEV and PHEV. The ISO 12405-3:2014
TABLE 3 xEV charging standards issued by the major standardization organizations.
IEC SAE IEEE UL ESO NTCAS JARI JIS ARAI

IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0 J1772 P2690 UL2202 EN 61851-1 GB/T18487.2- C601: 2000 TS D 0007: AIS- 138/D1
IEC 61851-21-1 Ed 1.0 (Revision in 2001 2012
Progress)
IEC 61851-21-2 Ed 1.0 J 1773 2030.1.1-2015 UL2251 EN 61851-21 GB/T 18487.3- G105-1993 JIS D 1304:
IEC 61851-22-1 Ed 2.0 2001 2004
IEC 61851-23-1 Ed 1.0 J2954 (Work IEEE SA - UL2734 EN 61851-22 GB/T 20234.1- G106:2000 JIS D 61851-
IEC 61851-23-1 Ed 2.0 in Progress) WGP2030.1.1 2011 23/24:2014
IEC 62982 Ed. 1.0 UL2871 CLC/TS GB/T 20234.2- G107:2000 JIS D
IEC 62196-1 Ed. 3.0 50457-1:2008 2011 62196-3:
b:2014 2014
IEC 62196-2 Ed. 1.0 UL9741 CLC/TS GB/T 20234.3- G108:2001
b:2011 50457-2:2008 2011
IEC 62196-2 Ed. 2.0
IEC 62196-3 Ed. 1.0 QC/T 895-2011 G109:2001
b:2014
IEC 61980-1 Ed. 1.0
IEC 61980-1 Ed. 2.0 QC/T 841-2010
IEC 61980-1 aml Ed 1.0
IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed 1.0
IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed 1.0

IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0
IEC 62983 Ed. 1.0
IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0
FIGURE 8 Number of electrical vehicles xEV standards on batteries and REES by major standardization organizations.
[45] deals with analysis of safety performance of lithium-ion attery designs through the elucidation of the dimensions,
b
battery packs and systems for their anticipated usage within termination, retention, venting system, and other features re-
traction batteries of EV. quired in an electric vehicle application. The standard is
applicable to the battery modules for EV applications and is
B. IEC Standards The IEC in addition to establishing largely followed by the EV and HEV battery manufacturers
standards on battery has also developed standards on the during the designing of battery modules.
EDLC, an efficient method of energy storage for the HEVs. The performance requirements are taken care of in SAE
The IEC 62576 Ed. 1.0 [46] offers basic and minimum speci- J1798 [50] to conclude (a) what is the basic performance of EV
fications in terms of the methods for testing electrical charac- battery modules; and (b) whether or not the modules fulfil
teristics and to create an environment that supports expand- minimum performance specifications recognized by vehicle
ing market of HEVs and large capacity EDLCs. The test manufacturers or other purchasers. The SAE J2288 [51]
methods will be beneficial for automobile manufacturers and explains a standardized test method to determine the expected
capacitor suppliers who intend to expedite the development service life, in cycles, of EV battery modules. The standard
and reduce the cost of the EDLCs. The defined test proce- provides the life expectancy of the modules forming the
dures are applicable to single supercapacitor cells as well as battery pack and is even applicable to the modules not devel-
groups. The different test procedures include Constant Cur- oped in accordance with J1797. The standard proposed for
rent Charge/Discharge test, Pulse tests to determine resis- single modules operating under ambient conditions. The
tance, Constant Power Charge/Discharge test, Voltage Main- standard SAE J2289 [52] forms the basis for designing EV
tenance test and others. The second edition for this standard battery systems and provides information assisting develop-
is currently in the AMW stage and is expected to be published ment of robust battery systems.
in first quarter of 2017. The IEC 62660-1:2010 [47] standard The SAE J2758 [53] developed by the Battery Standards
for the secondary Li-ion designates performance and life test- Testing Committee describes a test procedure for determining
ing of these cells utilized for propulsion of EV including BEV maximum available power of the RESS to be used in a HEV
and HEV and aims to state the test procedures imperative for where IC engine being the primary source of energy for drive-
obtaining the critical characteristics of lithium-ion cells for train. Other types of vehicles with non-fossil fuel primary
vehicular applications concerning capacity, power density, engines, such as fuel cells, are not intended to use this test
energy density, storage life and cycle life. These procedures procedure. The standard was developed with the intent so that
and conditions are obligatory to achieve the basic level of per- the ratio of RESS peak power to the sum of IC engine peak
formance and obtaining essential data on cells for various de- power plus RESS peak power can be established for a vehicle.
signs of battery systems and battery packs. This would be beneficial in designing the power train for the
HEVs. The SAE J2950 [54] assists in the identification,
C. SAE Standards The SAE has developed numerous handling, and shipping of new and used un-installed Li-ion
standards on the battery packs for the EVs addressing issues battery systems to and from specified locations. These RP
ranging from battery terminology to the performance testing forms the base which determines the relevant regulations to
and recycling of the battery packs. The distinguishing feature be considered before any novel battery system is shipped.
of the SAE standards is that apart from standards on the reli- Additionally, it also addresses the recommendations to be
ability and abuse testing, safety and performance testing, as implemented while transporting a used battery system,
established by its counterparts the SAE has also developed usually followed by the OEMs and the shipment providers. A
standards on the functional guidelines, vibration testing, life brief list of xEV Standards on RESS issued by the major
cycle testing and recommended practices for transportation Standardization Organizations are shown in Table 4 whereas
and handling. The SAE J1797 [49] issued by the Battery the complete descriptive list of the standards is provided in
Cell Size Standardization Committee addresses the common tabular format (Table A.3) in Appendix.
TABLE 4 The xEV standards on RESS issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO IEC SAE UL ESO NTCAS JARI JIS

ISO/NP 12405-1 IEC/TS 61382-1 aml Ed. 1.0 J1715/2 (WIP) UL2089 EN 62660-1: 2011 GB/Z18333.1-2001 D001-1995 JIS-D
J537 (RIP) D002: 1999 1303:2004
ISO 12405 1:2011 IEC/TS 61382-2 Ed. 1.0 J1495 (RIP) UL2271 EN 62660-2: 2011 GB/Z18333.2-2001 D701-1994 JIS D
J1766 (RIP) D702-1994 1401:2009
ISO 12405 2:2012 IEC 62576 Ed. 1.0 J1797 UL2580 EN 62576: 2010 QC/T 741-2006 D703-1994
J1798 (RIP) D704-1997
ISO/NP 12405-2 IEC 62576 Ed. 2.0 J2288 QC/T 742-2006 D705-1999
J2289 D706-1999
ISO 12405 3:2014 IEC 62660-1: 2010 J2380 QC/T 743-2006 D707-1999
J2464 D708-1999
ISO/NP 12405 3 IEC 62660-2: 2010 J2758 (RIP) QC/T 744-2006 D709-1999
J2936 (WIP) G102-1993
ISO/PAS 16898: J2946 (WIP) QC/T 840-2010
2012 J2950 (WIP)
ISO/DIS 18300. 2 J2974 (WIP) QC/T 897-2011
J2981 (WIP)
J2983 (WIP)
J2984 (WIP)
J3097 (WIP)
J3004 (WIP)
J3012 (WIP)
The SAE J2984 [56] envisioned to upkeep the appropriate

and proficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems
4. Standards on xEV
engaged in transportation applications with a maximum Safety/Protection
voltage greater than 12 V. Other battery systems such as non- Electric propulsion technology carries some inherent risks
rechargeable batteries, batteries contained in electronics, and which are unique to electric vehicles. RESS may be the one of
telecom/utility batteries are not deliberated in the develop- safety concern which includes chemical reaction at high
ment of this specification. Identification of these battery temperature, electrolyte leakage, lithium is very highly
systems will help the consumers, service and waste manage- reactive and electrolytes are highly flammable and electrical
ment personnel to trace the battery type, specifications and short circuit. Battery risk after charging discharging voltage
allow it to be subjected to proper recycling process. Recyclers and current level. For HEV where hydrogen fuel cells have
can also benefit from identification as the can contact OEM been used requires precautions due to odourless and colourless
for more detailed info regarding battery to ensure safe and is no distinguishable to human without sensors. Due to very
proper recycling process. low noise in propulsion system an increase in accident has
been reported by EV/HEV. For successful implementation of
D. UL Standards The UL has published UL 2580 [57] for the EV technologies throughout, it is mandatory to safeguard
batteries to be used in electric vehicles. The standard evalu- the protection of the devices, equipment’s as well as the
ates the electrical energy storage assembly’s ability to safely operating personnel.
withstand simulated abuse conditions and prevent any expo-
sure of persons to hazards as a result of the abuse. This stan- A. ISO Standards The ISO has published numerous stan-
dard evaluates the electric energy storage assembly and mod- dards on safety of EV’s under the ISO 6469 standard series.
ules based upon the manufacturer’s specified charge and This standard consists of different parts specifically address-
discharge parameters at specified temperatures. ing the safety requirements of the various components pres-
The ESO standards EN 62660-1:2011 [58], EN 62660- ent in the EV system assembly. The first part ISO 6469-1:2009
2:2011 [59] and EN 62576:2010 [60] specify the similar [61] addresses the safety requirements of the on-board RESS
requirements and procedures as their IEC counterparts. The including the BEV’s, HEV’s and FCV’s for the protection of
NTCAS, JARI and JIS have also published battery related the individuals present in the vehicle as well as of the person-
standards that are being implemented in the EV industry. nel in charge of the maintenance, inspection, refurbishing of
The ARAI is yet to publish any battery related standard for the vehicle and the RESS. The standard is applicable only to
Electric Vehicles. RESS in on-board voltage class B having voltage level from
FIGURE 9 Number of electrical vehicles xEV standards on safety and protection by major standardization organizations.
>30 V to ≤1000 V A.C. (rms) or > 60 to ≤1500 V D.C. electric circuits. The standard covers the requirements of the
circuits employed for vehicular propulsion. The standard de- persons against electric shocks, isolation resistance, protec-
fines the requirement for the RESS, RESS over current inter- tion against thermal incident, specific requirements for the
ruption, specific of the RESS crash test requirement. In plug, inlet and cable. The ISO has also developed ISO
Figure 9. The Number of Electrical Vehicles xEV Standards 23273:2013 [66] to address the safety requirements for the
on Safety and Protection by Major Standardization Organiza- fuel cell road vehicles. The standard sates the critical
tions are shown. The ISO 6469-2:2009 [62] stipulates the re- requirements for the FCV for the protection of the persons
quirements for operational safety means and protection and the environment internal and external with respect to
against failures in correlation to hazards specific to electric the vehicle in case of any hydrogen related hazard incidence.
road vehicles, for the safety of personnel inside and outside It applies only to such FCVs which employ compressed
the vehicle and the vehicle environment. hydrogen as the fuel to meet the power and energy demand
This standard applies only if the maximum working of the vehicle. The IEC standards on the safety are in the
voltage of the on-board electrical propulsion system is lower development stage and are forecasted to be published by
than the upper voltage class B limit. The standard reports the 2016. The IEC technical committee TC 69 and ISO technical
EMC requirements, operational safety requirements. ISO committee ISO/TC 22 have jointly developed certain stan-
6469-3:2011 [63] is the revised edition of the ISO 6469-3:2001, dards such as the ISO 17409 Ed. 1.0 which are listed by both
prepared by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road the standardization organizations.
Vehicles and Sub Committee SC 21, Electrically Propelled
Road Vehicles. The standard postulates requirements for the B. SAE Standards The SAE J2344 [67] issued by the
electric propulsion systems and conductively connected ancil- Hybrid EV Committee has identified and defined the de-
lary electric systems, if any, for the protection of persons inside sired technical guidelines pertaining to the EVs during
and outside the vehicle against electric shock. The standard their normal operation and charging. The standard includes
relates only to the on-board electrical circuits with voltages the guidelines for the HEVs, PHEVs, FCVs and PFCVs. The
in accordance with the voltage class B. intent of the standard is to provide safety guidelines that
The fourth part ISO 6469-4:2015 [64] specifies safety need to be adhered while designing EVs for consumer utili-
requirements for the electric propulsion systems and conduc- zation. The SAE J2910 [68] guides the manufacturers of hy-
tively connected auxiliary electric systems of electric vehicles brid electric trucks and buses and their suppliers on design
for the protection of people inside and outside the vehicle. It requirements and test procedures which anticipate to make
specifies electrical safety requirements for vehicle post-crash these vehicles safer to operate, service, or recover from an
conditions. The standard is applicable to the electric vehicles accident. The SAE J2929 [69] published by the Battery Stan-
with class B voltage circuits. The standard neither applies to dards Committee identifies the minimum set of safety crite-
the two-wheel electric vehicles nor does it specify any of the rion for the lithium-ion rechargeable battery system to be
crash test procedures. employed in the electrically propelled vehicles as the energy
The ISO 17409:2015 [65] is published by the Technical storage system while supplying power to the HV power
Committee ISO/TC 22 and Sub Committee SC 37 train. This standard provides two assurances (a) Battery
Electrically Propelled Vehicles. It applies to electrically gets safely integrated into vehicle and (b) a single point fault
propelled road vehicles with voltage class B electrical does not result in fire, explosion or any HV hazard. The UL

TABLE 5 The xEV standards on safety/protection issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO IEC SAE UL IEEE ESO NTCAS JIS ARAI

ISO 6469-1: 2009 IEC 62840-2 J2344 UL2231-1 IEEE SA EN 1987-1: GB/T18384.1-2015 JIS D 5305-1: AIS - 038
ISO 6469-2:2009 Ed. 1.0 PC62.230 1997 GB/T18384.2-2015 2007
ISO 6469-3:2011 ISO 17409 J2910 (WIP) UL2231-2 IEEE SA - EN 1987-2: GB/T18384.3-2015 JIS D 5305-2: AIS- 048
ISO 6469-4:2015 Ed. 1.0 J2929 (RIP) 3.6.14/EVSE 1997 GB/T 31498-2015 2007
ISO/NP 6469-1 J2990 (WIP) UL2231-3 EN 1987-3: GB/T 19751-2005 JIS D 5305-3:
ISO/NP 6469-2 J3009 (WIP) 1998 GB/T 24549-2009 2007
ISO/NP 6469-3
ISO 17409: 2015
ISO 23273: 2013
IEC/FDIS 62752
standards report the safety features to be considered for the

devices engaged in EV operations.
5. Standards on xEV
Communication
C. UL Standards The UL 2231-1 [70] states the general For the successful operation of the EV technologies, it is neces-
requirements for the devices and equipment’s used for charg- sary to have consistent communication between the various
ing the electric vehicles in order to reduce the risk of electric components of the system. Argonne Laboratories have devel-
shock to the user from the accessible parts. The standard ap- oped the communication Modules to communicate vehicle
plies to on-board and off-board charging circuits. with smart grid [124]. The electrical current flow can be one
The ESO standards on the protection take into account way i.e. V1G in which the vehicle is directly charged with grid.
the same requirements as the ISO standards on the safety. The V2G involves bidirectional flow of power i.e. from grid to
ARAI has published 3 standards stating the functional safety batteries and battery to grid whenever necessary. The power
and safety requirements of EVs: AIS -038, AIS-038 (Rev. 1):2015 transfer can also be V2B in which the vehicle supply power
and AIS-048 [19]. A brief description list of the standards on and communicates with the building, not the grid, through
Safety/Protection issued by the major standardization organi- the local HAN. In Figure 10. The Number of Electrical Vehicles
zations is provided in Table 5 whereas the complete descriptive xEV Standards on Communication by the Major
list is given in tabular format (Table A.4) in Appendix. Standardization Organizations are shown.
FIGURE 10 Number of electrical vehicles xEV standards on communication by the major standardization organizations.

A. ISO Standards The ISO has established ISO 15118 stan- The SAE J2836/3 [79] develops the use cases for commu-
dards on communication with parts published while others still nication between a PEV and Energy Management System
under development. The ISO 15118-1 [71] was developed in (EMS) functioning as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER).
cooperation with IEC TC 69, Electric Road Vehicles and Elec- The principal task of SAE J2836/3 is to term use cases which
tric Industrial Trucks. The ISO 15118-1 reports the general re- must be held by SAE J2847/3. Furthermore, this document
quirements and use cases for the communication between the also delivers guidance for updates to SAE J2847/2 allowing an
EV’s and the EVSE. The equipment with the communication inverter within EVSE to utilize the PEV battery while func-
part in the EV is entitled the Electric Vehicle Communication tioning together as a distributed energy resource (DER). The
Controller (EVCC) while for the EVSE it is the Supply Equip- SAE J2847/3 [80] document applies to those Plug-in Electric
ment Communication Controller (SECC). This standard only Vehicles (PEV’s) which are equipped with an on-board
specifies the communication between the EVCC and SECC. inverter and communicate via the Smart Energy Profile 2.0
The standard describes the user-specific requirements, OEM Application Protocol (SEP2).
specific requirements, utility specific requirements and the use To address the diagnostics use cases, the SAE has
cases for the communication. The standard also contains the advanced the J2836 series with SAE J2836/4 [81]. This provides
use cases explaining bidirectional energy transfer. the use cases for diagnostic communication for the PEV
The ISO 15118-2:2014 [72] states the communication (including BEV and PHEV). Since the PEVs are deployed for
between BEV or PHEV and the EVSE The application layer the charging, any discrepancy during the charging sessions
message set described in ISO 15118-2:2014 is intended to between the PEV and EVSE may contain diagnostics and
upkeep the energy transfer from an EVSE to an EV. The main require troubleshooting according to the particular vehicle
aim of this standard is to comprehensively elaborate the variants. The standard will provide general info required for
communication between the EV (BEV/PHEV) and EVSE. The the diagnostics and the SAE J2847/4 will deliver detailed
third part ISO 15118-3:2015 [73] addresses the physical and messages to give accurate information to the consumer and/
available data layer requirements for communication between or service personnel for detecting the source of the problem
the BEV/PHEV and the charging system. and assist in finding the solution. SAE J2847/4 [82] establishes
the communication requirements for diagnostics between
B. IEC Standards The IEC 61851-24 Ed. 1.0 [74] in con- PEVs and the EVSE for charge or discharge sessions. It takes
junction with IEC 61851-23, is applicable to digital communi- the use case and overall info acknowledged in J2836/4™ and
cation between a D.C. EV charging station and an EV for con- offers the detail messages and diagrams to carry out
trol of D.C. charging, with an A.C. or D.C. input voltage up to the communication.
1000 V A.C. and up to 1500 V D.C. for the conductive charging The SAE J2836/5 [83] outlines the use cases for commu-
procedure. The EV charging mode is mode 4, according to IEC nications between PEVs and their customers. Customers
61851-23. This standard is being revised under the title IEC should be aware of the charging infrastructure conditions and
61851-24 Ed. 2.0 [75] and is assessed to be published by 2018. their vehicle’s charging features and competencies in order to
maximize the deployment of the vehicle for their transporta-
C. SAE Standards The SAE has given noteworthy attention needs. This Research Article arranges for only the use
tion to the communication part of the electric vehicles thereby, cases which describe the communications requirements facili-
establishing numerous standards to pinpoint all the associated tating customer interaction with their PEVs and optimizing
aspects in the EV communications. The SAE J2836/1 [76] es- their experience with driving PEVs. Specifications such as
tablishes the use cases for the communication between the protocols and physical transfer methods for communicating
PEV and grid, for the transmission of energy and other related information are not a part of this standard.
applications whereas the SAE J2836/2 [77] institutes the use The SAE J2847/5 [84] operates in conjunction with the
cases and general statistics between the PEV and off-board DC J2836/5. It takes the use cases from the J2836/5 and delivers
charger. This is valid for the off-board DC charger engaged for detailed messages and diagrams crucial for the enactment of
conductive charging, which supplies DC current to the vehicle this communication. The SAE J2836/6 [85] expresses the
battery through a SAE J1772 hybrid coupler or SAE J1772 AC requirements for communications between an on-board
level 2 type coupler on DC power lines, using the AC power charging equipment and the Wireless EVSE (WEVSE) in favor
lines or the pilot line for PLC communication, or dedicated of identification of the WEVSE, the charging process and
communication lines that is further described in SAE J2847/2. observing the charging process. The SAE J2847/6 [86] ascer-
The SAE J2847/2 [78] forms the requirements and speci- tain the requirements for the communication messages
fications for communication between PEV and the DC off- between wirelessly charged EVs and the wireless chargers
board charger. This standard is pertinent to the off-board DC (inductive charging). This is the 1st version of this standard
chargers employed for conductive charging, which supplies and is likely to be revised. The 2nd edition explain the harmo-
DC current to the RESS of the electric vehicle through a SAE nization between SAE J2847-6 and ISO/IEC 15118-7 to
J1772 coupler. Communications will be on the SAE J1772 pilot reassure interoperability. Additionally, the SAE has also devel-
line for PLC communication. The PLC may be used to commu- oped the J2931 series standards to further the digital commu-
nicate with the smart meter at the home or with the HAN to nication between the different components of the EV charging
track the charging/discharging performances. and communication systems.

TABLE 6 The xEV standards on communication issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO IEC SAE IEEE NTCAS JARI JIS

ISO 15118-1: 2013 IEC 61851-24 Ed. 1.0 J1850 (RIP) IEEE 802.20-2008 QCT/842-2010 G105-1993 JIS D 61851-24:2014
ISO 15118-3: 2015 IEC 61851-24 Ed. 2.0 J2836-1 P1609.0
ISO/NP 15118-1 IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Ed. 1.0 J2836/2 1609.3-2007
SO/NP 15118-2 IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Ed. 1.0 J2836/3 (WIP) P1609.2
ISO/CD 15118-4 IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Ed. 1.0 J2836/4 (WIP) 1609.3
ISO/CD 15118-5 IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Ed. 1.0 J2836/5 (WIP) 1609.4
ISO/CD 15118-6 IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 J2836/6 (WIP) P1609.5
ISO/CD 15118-7 J2847/1 (RIP) P1609.12
ISO/CD 15118-8 J2847/2 (RIP) P1901.2
J2847/3 (RIP)
J2847/4 (RIP)
J2847/5 (RIP)
J2847/6 (RIP)
J2931/1 (RIP)
J2931/2 (WIP)
J2931/3 (WIP)
J2931/4 (WIP)
J2931/5 (WIP)
J2931/6 (WIP)
J2931/7 (WIP)
J2953/2 (WIP)
The SAE J2931/1 [87] states the requirements for the

digital communication between the PEV, EVSE and the utility
6. Standards on xEV Power
or AMI, ESI and HAN. The SAE J2931/1 defines architecture Quality/Power Supply/
and general requirements including association, registration, Power Rating/Power
security, and HAN requirements, as well as mapping to other
SAE documents. The other documents of the J2931 series are
Transfer
still under development. The SAE J2953/2 [88] summaries the Proper functioning of Electrical Vehicle requires clean and
interoperability requirements and specifications for the stable electrical power quality. Power quality issues such
communication systems between PEV and EVSE in case of as harmonic distortion, voltage f luctuations, disrupt
multiple suppliers. This edition is still in the development and production, noise and power outage and damaged equip-
is expected to include the DC charging and digital commu- ment requires standardization to prevent the EV battery
nications allied to it. The NTCAS has also established the charging/discharging defects. Standards be created after
standards highlighting the communication between the internationally verified and realized the optimized condi-
Battery Management System and the off-board chargers. tion of Power quality/Power supply/Power transfer
A brief list of the standards on Communication issued maximum efficiency and most reliable as well as maximum
by the major standardization organizations is shown in safety conditions. Table 7 shows the standards developed
Table 6 whereas complete descriptive is provided in tabular for Standards on xEV Power Quality/Power Supply/Power
format (Table A.5) in Appendix. Rating/Power Transfer.
TABLE 7 The xEV standards on power quality/power supply issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO IEC SAE IEEE UL

ISO/PRF PAS 19295 IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Ed. 1.0 J2894/1 IEEE Std 1547-2003, UL 2594
IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Ed. 1.0 J2894/2 (WIP) IEEE Std 1547.1-2005 UL 2747
IEC/TS 61851-3-3 Ed. 1.0 J2908 (WIP) IEEE Std 1547.2-2008
J2293/1 IEEE Std 1547.3-2007
J2293/2 IEEE Std 1547.4-2011

J2907 (WIP) IEEE Std 1547.6-2011
IEEE Std 1547.7-2013
IEEE Std 1547a-2014
FIGURE 11 Number of electrical vehicles xEV standards on power quality, power supply, power rating and power transfer
by the major standardization organizations.
A. ISO Standards The ISO standard ISO/PRF PAS 19295 The SAE J2907 [92] and J2908 [93] by the Hybrid EV
[89] is being developed by the TC22/SC37 and is presently in the Committee are still in the WIP stages and state the test
approval stage termed as FDIS, registered for formal approval. measures for calculating and outlining the electric power
levels for the HEV’s and PHEV’s.
B. IEC Standards The IEC is developing the IEC/TS SAE J2293/1 [94] institutes requirements for EVs and the
61851-3 series standards for the EV Conductive Power Sup- off-board EVSE employed for transferring electrical energy
ply System. The IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Ed. 1.0, IEC/TS 61851-3-2 to an EV from a utility in North America. This document
Ed. 1.0 and IEC/TS 61851-3-3 Ed. 1.0 are all being developed explains, either directly or by reference, all characteristics of
by the Technical Committee TC69 and are projected to be the total EV Energy Transfer System (EV-ETS) needed to
published in the second half of 2017. In Figure 11 number of guarantee the functional interoperability of an EV and EVSE
Electrical Vehicle xEV standards on power quality, power belonging to same physical system architecture. The second
supply, Power Rating and Power Transfer by the Major Stan- part SAE J2293/2 [95] takes care of Communication
dardization Organizations is shown. Requirements and Network Architectures. In this standard
three network architectures are considered: Conductive AC,
C. SAE Standards The SAE standards on the power qual- Inductive and Conductive DC system architectures respectively.
ity J2894/1 and J2894/2 have been developed to state the Pow- A brief list of the standards on Power Quality/Power
er Quality Requirements and Power Quality Test Procedures Supply/Power Transfer issued by the major standardization
respectively for the PEV chargers. The exponential rise in the organizations is shown in Table 7 whereas complete list is
use of the nonlinear loads such as SMPS, variable frequency provided in tabular format (Table A.6) in Appendix.
drives and battery chargers in the supply lines has amplified D. UL Standards The UL 2747 [96] states the require-
the concern over the effects of the power quality. The SAE ments for power supplies employed for fixed installations on-
J2894/1 [90] states the recommended practice for PEV char- board an electric vehicle for powering systems installed on the
gers (on-board and off-board) which empower equipment vehicle. Power supplies covered by these requirements are
manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, electric utilities and rated up to 250 V ac, 50/60 Hz. The UL 2594 [97] standard is
others to make reasonable design decisions concerning pow- applicable to the conductive EVSE with a primary source volt-
er quality. The three main commitments are stated as: 1. De- age of 600 V A.C. or less, with a frequency of 60 Hz, and pro-
termining the parameters of PEV chargers which must be posed for powering an EV with an on-board charging unit.
regulated to maintain the quality of the AC service. 2. Identi-
fying characteristics of the AC service which might consider-
ably impact the performance of the charger. 3. Finding values
for power quality, susceptibility and power control parame- 7. Standards on Measurement
ters grounded on current U.S. and international standards. of the xEV Performance
The second part SAE J2894/2 [91] provides test procedures
for assessing the PEV chargers for the parameters recognized
Measurement
in the J2894/1. Furthermore, this practice is responsible for The standardization organizations throughout have worked
procedures for evaluating EVSE/charger/battery/vehicle meticulously to draft the standards that lay down the founda-
systems in terms of energy efficiency, subset of power quality. tions for the test procedures and for the requirements for
FIGURE 12 Number of electrical vehicles xEV standards on performance measurement by the major
standardization organizations.
measuring the performance of electrical road vehicles. These (SOC) of the RESS does not remain the same between the
standards encompass different aspects for measuring the beginning and the end of an applicable driving test. It is also
vehicle performance. In Figure 12. The Number of Electrical valid for measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and
Vehicles xEV Standards on Performance Measurement by the fuel consumption of externally chargeable HEVs when a
Major Standardization Organizations are shown. vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the
charge sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2.
A. ISO Standards ISO has published standards for evalu- The ISO 23274-2:2012 employs similar procedures as its
ating the performance of EVs. The ISO 8714: 2002 [98] iden- first part for determining the end of the CD (charge-depleting)
tifies test procedures necessary for measuring the reference state and consumed electrical energy during the CD state. It
energy consumption and reference range of pure electrically is important to have beforehand knowledge of the end of CD
propelled passenger cars and commercial vehicles with a state for the sake of implementation of procedures for finding
maximum authorized total mass of 3500 kg and maximum exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Final determination
speed of 70 km/h or more. The standard document contents of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption is not included in
comprise of the measurement of range and energy consump- this part of ISO 23274.
tion, test procedures, test conditions, etc. The ISO 8715: 2001
[99] states the techniques for measuring the road perfor- B. SAE Standards The SAE has also been very active in
mance of the pure electric passenger cars and commercial developing standards for the EV performance. The J1634 Sta-
vehicles having a curb weight of 3500 kg. The road operating tus Revision in Progress [104] issued by the Light Duty Vehi-
performance is calculated in terms of the road operating cle Performance and Economy Measure Committee institutes
characteristics such as speed, acceleration, driving range and uniform testing procedures for BEVs certified for operating
energy consumption and hill climbing capability. on public and private roads. The document aims to offer stan-
The ISO/TR 11954:2008 [100] is published to deal with dard tests for allowing the determination of energy consump-
the maximum speed measurement of fuel-cell vehicles. This tion and range for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on the
report is applicable to the PFCV and to non-externally charge- Federal Emission Test Procedure (FTP) using the Urban Dy-
able FCHEV in FCHEV mode only. This document describes namometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel
the test procedures employed for measuring the maximum Economy Driving Schedule (HFEDS), and provides a flexible
speed of fuel-cell passenger cars and light-duty trucks utilizing testing methodology capable of incorporating additional test
compressed hydrogen and not externally chargeable, in accor- cycles as required.
dance with national or regional standards or legal require- The SAE J1711 [105] defines the methods and directions
ments. The ISO 23828:2013 [101] mentions the procedures for for calculating the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of the
measuring energy consumption in non-externally chargeable light-duty HEVs. However, the standard does not specify the
fuel-cell passenger cars and light-duty trucks. ISO 23274 constituents of the exhaust emissions like CO, NOx, HC, N2,
comprises of two parts: 1. ISO 23274-1:2013 [102] includes H2O and soot, as it depends on the objective of testing personnel
Non-externally Chargeable Vehicles and 2.ISO 23274-2:2012 and is not covered by standard. The SAE J2711 [106] allotted
[103] includes Externally Chargeable Vehicles. by the Truck and Bus Powertrain Steering Committee provides
The first part states a chassis dynamometer test procedure accurate, consistent and reproducible practices for simulating
for measuring the exhaust emissions, the electric energy and use of heavy-duty hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) and conven-
fuel consumption of the vehicles. It proposes measures for the tional vehicles on dynamometers for the sake of measuring
correction of measured emissions and fuel consumption of emissions and fuel economy. This standard was based on SAE
HEVs, to attain the values when the battery state of charge J1711 which defines practices for light-duty HEVs. The SAE
TABLE 8 The xEV standards on performance measurement issued by the major standardization organizations.
ISO SAE ESO NTCAS JARI JIS ARAI

ISO 8714: 2002 J1634 (RIP) EN 1821-1: 1996 GB/T 18385-2005 E701-1994 JIS D 1301: AIS-039
J1711 EN 1821-2 GB/T 18386-2005 E702-1994 2001 AIS-131
ISO 8715: 2001 J2711 (RIP) EN 1986-1: 1997 GB/T 18388-2005 Z101-87 AIS-039 (Rev.
J2758 (RIP) EN 12736: 2001 GB/T 19750-2005 Z102-87 1):2015
ISO/TR 11954:2008 J2841 EN 13444-1 GB/T 19752-2005 Z103-87 AIS-040
J2889 EN 13444-1: 2001 GB/T 19753-2005 Z104-87
ISO/TR 11955:2008 J2889/1 EN 1821-2: 1999 GB/T 19754-2005 Z105-88 AIS-040
J2991 (WIP) GB/T 19755-2005 Z106-88 (Rev. 1):2015
ISO 23274-1:2013 GB/T 24554-2009 Z108-1994 AIS-041
GB/T 26991-2011 Z109-1995
ISO 23274-2:2012 Z110-1995 AIS-041 (Rev. 1):2015
J2758 [107] by the Battery Standards Testing Committee frame- organizations is shown in Table 8 whereas complete descrip-
works test procedure for computing peak power of the RESS tive list is provided in tabular format (Table A.7) in Appendix.
used in HEV.
The SAE J2889 [108] by the Safety and Human Factors
Standards Steering Committee is still in the development stages.
This standard defines the test procedure for determining the VI. Present Status and
sound output of electric and hybrid-electric powertrain vehicles
at certain low-speed conditions. Establishing a consistent Projected
method for determining the sound output of these vehicles will
expedite further studies in the want for additional measures to
Development of the
aware pedestrians of the presence of these vehicles in traffic. xEV Standardization
The SAE J2889/1 [109] postulates an engineering method to
measure the minimum noise emitted by road vehicles under in India
certain test conditions (standstill and low speed operation).
This standard has been derived from SAE J2805 (Measurement The government of India has launched schemes as a part of
of Noise emitted by Accelerating Road Vehicles). One signifi- its National development plan to expedite the manufacture
cant advantage is that is also projects a method for the assess- and adoption of the electric vehicles. The National Electric
ment of the external sound generation systems designed to Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP-2020) [113] is one of
aware the pedestrians of the vehicle’s operating condition. the most significant and ambitious steps by the government
The ESO is also credited for publishing the standards to of India to cause a transformational paradigm shift in the
be employed for the vehicle performance measurements across automotive and transportation industry in the country. Under
Europe. These standards measure the road operating capa- the NEMPP-2020, the government of India launched the
bility, energy performance, exhaust emissions, fuel consump- Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric
tion requirements and noise levels for the Pure Electric Vehicles India - FAME India mission [114]. This mission
Vehicles as well as Thermal Electric Hybrid Vehicles. focuses on providing incentives to accelerate the adoption of
The NTCAS, JARI and JIS has developed and applied the the Electric Vehicles (two-wheelers, three-wheelers, four-
vehicle performance standards to the EVs. These test proce- wheelers and Heavy Duty vehicles) in the country.
dures are being implemented by the automobile manufac- In the field of Electric Vehicle Standardization the
turers to ensure better operating characteristics of Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) Pune, is
their vehicles. employing accelerated measures for developing the standards for
The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) the Electric Vehicles. The ARAI comprises of 75 member compa-
has also developed a series of standards in order to measure nies devoted towards developing higher standards of production
the Electrical Energy Consumption, Range, Net Power, Max/ for the automotive vehicles in India. The ARAI has established
Min Power etc. of the electric vehicles [19]. These standards the Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) aimed at encompassing
have established a benchmark for the manufacturers who wish all the possible aspects associated with electric vehicles. Figure
to attain the superior level of perfection for their EVs in India. 13 show the categorized ARAI standards for xEV.
For Electric Road Vehicles to be Available in Indian Scenario, The ARAI has published standards up to AIS-138 as on
it is mandatory that the vehicles should qualify these stan- 30th, April, 2016 [19] pertaining to automotive vehicles of
dards so as to attain the certification and achieve better market which, 18 standards are relevant for the electric vehicles namely:
demands. A brief list of the standards on Performance AIS-038, AIS-038 (Rev-1):2015, AIS-039, AIS-039 (Rev-1):2015,
Measurement issued by the major standardization AIS-040, AIS-040 (Rev-1):2015, AIS-041, AIS-041 (Rev-1):2015,
FIGURE 13 Categorical division of the different ARAI standards.
AIS-048, AIS-049, AIS-049 (Rev. 1), AIS-102 (Part-1), AIS-102 United States Advanced Battery Consortium Electrochemical
(Part-2), AIS-123 (Amd. No. 1), AIS-123 (Part 2), AIS-123 (Part Storage System Abuse Test Procedure Manual, printed July
3), AIS-131 and Draft AIS-138/D1 December 2015. 1999 and USABC Electric Vehicle Battery Test Procedures
The standard AIS-138:- Electric vehicle conductive AC Manual, Revision 2 (January 1996).
charging system focuses on addressing the charging require- The standard defines the test procedures (electrical and
ments of the EVs. The standard document is based on IEC mechanical tests) to be performed on the traction battery and
61851-1 and IEC 61851-22 standards. This standard can be the technical requirements to be met before its transport and
considered to be equivalent to IEC 61851 (Part 1 & 22), GB/T installation in the respective BOVs.
18487 (Part 1, 2 & 3) and the SAE J1772. The standard defines
the general requirements, AC charging mode specifications
(slow and fast), connector, plug, cable, adaptor & socket speci-
fications, protections requirements, EVSE (AC charging station) VII. Conclusions
design and requirements amongst others. The standard recom-
mends the IEC 60309 connectors for slow charging and IEC This work presents the methodical review and analysis of
62196-Type 2 connectors for fast charging. The standard finds the electric vehicle standards by the major standardization
applications with the OEMs while designing the charging organizations across the world, categorical division of the
station and its components for the EV applications. established standards and states the progress and estimations
The ARAI also focused on the safety requirement for the within the EV sector in India. Nowadays the automobile
EVs and has published three notable standards. The AIS-038 manufacturers are working efficiently to develop the electric
published in 2008 addresses the constructional and functional vehicles that can compete and prove superior to the conven-
safety requirements along with the technical specifications tional IC engine vehicles. This achievement in the transpor-
and the test conditions. This standard has been derived from tation sector towards electric mobility can make the vehicles
the ECE 100, ISO DIS 6469 and IEC 60529. The standard was more viable at the consumer end. The main goal of the major
developed with the intent to insure the safety/protection of standardization organizations is to certify the higher stan-
the vehicle parts as well as of the personnel operating the dards for the EVs. The outcome of the existence of this robust
vehicle under all conditions of operation. The AIS-038 (Rev. 1): structure is the wide-spread industrialization and adoption
2015 was published in February 2015 on behalf of AISC under of the xEVs, provided there exist a framework of the stan-
the CMVR-TSC. This revised standard was applicable to all dards for certification to guarantee better characteristics
electric power train vehicles (including the FCVs). and superior performance of vehicles as evident in developed
The AIS-048 was published in March 2009 with the intent countries like USA, UK, Germany, Netherlands, Australia,
to cover specifically the safety requirements for the traction China, Japan, etc. These nations have been able to implement
batteries of the BOVs. The standard was developed with the standards within the industry and allow the consumers
considerable guidance from the IEC 60254, IS 13514-1992: to reap the benefits of the standardization in electrified
Lead acid batteries for electric road vehicles -Specification, transportation. The better the standardization structure of
the xEVs, the greater will be the precision in design and CPT - Conductive Power Transfer
manufacturing of each part of the vehicle. Consequently this CCS - Conductive Charging Station
will augment the demand for the xEVs in the market, eventu- CoCS - Combo Charging Station
ally leading to increased benefits to the stakeholders in the
industry and realization of the concept of green mobility. EDLC - Electric Double Layer Capacitors
The prevalence of xEVs is beneficial to the industry as well ESI - Energy Services Interface
as to the consumers. When connected to the grid, they can supply ESP - Energy Service Providers
electricity in times of peak loads as well as provide energy for EV - Electric Vehicle
storage purposes, thus reducing the burden on the grid. Presently,
EVSE - Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
the standardization organizations are working conscientiously
towards evolving new standards and revising the existing ones FCEV - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
to make certain that every possible feature affiliated with the FCHEV - Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles
xEVs is considered. In this article, the different categories of stan- FDIS - Final Draft International Standard (ISO)
dards are mentioned and within each category the brief introduc- xEVs - EV, HEV, PHEV, FCEV, PFCV
tion of the standards are stated in a lucid way. References are
provided in such a manner so as to allow a non-standards expert, HAN - Home Automation Network
to effortlessly and rapidly assess the state of the standardization HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicles
activities in the EVs frameworks currently and in the future. The MERGED - Merged Project
standardization in electric vehicles is not an easy task, but with NTCAS - N a t i o n a l Te c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e o f
concerted efforts and organized framework, the obstacles in the Auto Standardization
path of standardization can be overcome to achieve the target of
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
complete sustainable mobility in the transportation sector. The
review presented in this article is of substantial importance to PEV - Plug-In Electric Vehicles
the researchers, reviewers and experts from the industry who PFCV - Plug-In Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
look forward to find all the major standards at one platform. The PHEV - Plug-In Electric Vehicles
content of the manuscript provides a concise yet lucid presenta- PNW - Proposed New Work
tion of the standards. It also states the technical specification and
the issues addressed by the individual standards at its best. It is PPUB - Publication Issued
envisioned that this review can be labored into defining the status RESS - Rechargeable Energy Storage System
quo of the current standards and into understanding the various RIP - Revision in Progress
standards and comparing one standard with its counterparts V2G - Vehicle to Grid
from the other organizations.
V2H - Vehicle to Home
WIP - Work in Progress (as of Mar 2016)
Acronyms WPUB - Withdrawn Publication
WPT - Wireless Power Transfer
2CD - 2nd Committee Draft
ISO - International Standardization Organization
3CD - 3rd Committee Draft
IEC - International ElectroTechnical Commission
A2CD - Approved for 2nd Committee Draft
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
A3CD - Approved for 3rd Committee Draft
SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers
ACDV - Draft approved for Committee Draft with Vote
UL - Underwriters Laboratories
ADIS - Approved for FDIS Circulation IEEE - Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
AMI - Automated Metering Infrastructure CENELEC - The European Electronic Telecommunication
AMD - Amendment Union
AMW - Approved Maintenance Work CEN - The European Committee for Standardization
APUB - Draft Approved for Publication ETSI - The European Telecommunications Standards Institute
BEV - Battery Electric Vehicles ESO - European Standardization Organization
BOV - Battery Operated Vehicles JSA - Japanese Standards Association
BMS - Battery Management System JARI - Japan Automobile Research Institute
BPUB - Publication being printed JEVS - Japan Electric Vehicle Standards
CAN - Cancelled Publication JIS - Japanese Industry Standards
CCDV - Draft Circulated as Committee Draft with Vote NTCAS - N a t i o n a l Te c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e o f
Auto Standardization
CD - Draft Circulated
MIIT - Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
CD10 - 10th Committee Draft
SAC - Standardization Administration of China 12. “Focus Group on European Electro-Mobility Standardization
GB - Guobiao or National Standards for Road Vehicles and Associated Infrastructure, Report in
Response to Commission Mandate M/468 Concerning the
QC/T - Industry Standards Charging of Electric Vehicles,” ftp://ftp.cen.eu/CEN/Sectors/
ARAI - Automotive Research Association of India List/Transport/Automobile/EV_Report_incl_annexes.pdf,
AIS - Automotive Industry Standards accessed Aug. 22, 2017.
AISC - Automotive Industry Standards Committee 13. JEVS standards, http://www.jari.or.jp/tabid/178/Default.

aspx, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
MoRT&H - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
14. JSA Web Store, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
CMVR - Central Motor Vehicles Rules
15. “Current Status and Future Development of EV
CMVR-TSC - C entral Motor Vehicles Rules Technical Standardization in China,” http://www.efchina.org/
Standing Committee Attachments/Foundation-News/news-efchina-20141121/3,
TC - Technical Committee accessed Aug. 25, 2017.
SC - Sub Committee 16. “Status of EV Standards in China,” https://www.unece.org/
fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2012/wp29grsp/EVS-1-08.pdf,
RP - Recommended Practices accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
17. “EV Infrastructure and Standardization in China,” https://
www2.unece.org/wiki/download/attachments/12058681/
VIII. References EVE-07-14e.pdf?api=v2, accessed Aug. 25, 2017.
18. “Introduction of China Electric Vehicle Standardization
1. CleanTechnica, “Electric Car Demand Growing, Global Work,” http://www.cse.anl.gov/us-china-workshop-2011/
Market Hits 740,000 Units,” http://cleantechnica. pdfs/, accessed Aug. 25, 2017.
com/2015/03/28/ev-demand-growing-global-market-hits- 19. ARAI: List of Automotive Industry Standards, https://
740000-units/, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. araiindia.com/hmr/Control/AIS/162016104930AM0_List_
2. International Energy Agency, “Global EV Outlook 2015,” of_AIS_published_05_01_2016.pdf, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
http://www.iea.org/evi/Global-EV-Outlook-2015- 20. “ISO/TR 8713:2012 -Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles
Update_1page.pdf, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. - Vocabulary,” http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_
3. International Electrotechnical Commission,“IEC Stage ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=43&ics2=120&ics3=&csn
Codes,” http://www.iec.ch/standardsdev/how/processes/ umber=55745, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
stage_codes.htm, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 21. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report,
4. “CENELEC,” http://www.cencenelec.eu/standards/ESOs/ “Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV)
Pages/default.aspx, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. Terminology,” SAE Standard J1715/1, Rev. Oct. 2014.
5. “ISO Standard Catalogue,” http://www.iso.org/iso/home/ 22. “EN 13447:2001 - Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles
store/catalogue_ics/, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. Terminology,” http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?p
6. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), “Electric id=000000000019969766, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
Road Vehicles and Electric Industrial Trucks,” http://www. 23. “IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug.
iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:23:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ 24, 2017.
ID:1255,25?q=TC%2069, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 24. “IEC 61851-1 Ed. 2.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug.
7. “IEC_PROJECTS_69_2016-01-26,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/ 24, 2017.
www/f?p=103:20:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ 25. “IEC 61851-21-1 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
ID:1255,25?q=TC%2069, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. Aug. 24, 2017.
8. SAE International: Vehicle Electrification Standards, http:// 26. “IEC 61851-21-2 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
www.sae.org/standardsdev/vehicleelectrification.htm, Aug. 24, 2017.
accessed Aug. 22, 2017.
27. “IEC 61851-23 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
9. U.S. Government, “APEC Roadmap for International Aug. 24, 2017.
Electric Vehicle Standards,” 20th APEC Automotive
29. “IEC 61851-24 Ed. 2.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn, accessed Aug.
Dialogue, Beijing, China, Apr. 22-25, 2014, http://mddb.apec.
24, 2017.
org/Documents/2014/AD/AD1/14_ad1_047.pdf, accessed
Aug. 24, 2017. 30. “IEC 61851-24 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
Aug. 24, 2017.
10. “P2030.1.1/D2.1 Jun 2015 - IEEE Approved Draft Standard
Technical Specifications of a DC Quick Charger for Use with 31. “IEC 62982 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn, accessed Aug.
Electric Vehicles,” http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/, accessed 23, 2017.
Aug. 23, 2017. 32. “IEC 62196-1 Ed. 3.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug.
11. UL Standards, http://ulstandards.ul.com/standards-catalog/? 23, 2017.
doctypes=standards,AllStandards,outline,pag&search=vehic 33. “IEC 62196-2 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug.
le, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 23, 2017.
34. “IEC 62196-3 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug. 55. SAE Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Technical
23, 2017. Information Report on Automotive Battery Recycling,” SAE
35. “IEC 61980-1 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug. Standard J2974, Iss. Apr. 2015.
23, 2017. 56. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
36. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, “SAE “Identification of Transportation Battery Systems for
Electric Vehicle and Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Recycling Recommended Practice,” SAE Standard J2984,
Charge Coupler,” SAE Standard J1772, Rev. Oct. 2012. Rev. Aug. 2013.
37. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 57. “UL 2580,” http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2580&ed
“SAE Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging,” SAE ition=2&doctype=ululc, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
Standard J1773, Rev. June 2014. 58. “EN 62660-1:2011,” http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/
38. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, ?pid=000000000030214275, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
“Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-In/ Electric 59. “EN 62660-2:2011,” http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/
Vehicles and Alignment Methodology,” SAE Standard J2954, ?pid=000000000030214280, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
Work in Progress. 60. “EN 62576:2010,” http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?
39. “UL2202,” http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2202&edi pid=000000000030183420, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
tion=2&doctype=ulstd, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 61. “ISO 6469-1:2009,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
40. “UL2251,” http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2251&edi ui/#iso:std:iso:6469:-1:ed-2:v1:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
tion=3&doctype=ulcsance, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 62. “ISO 6469-2:2009,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
tion=3&doctype=outline, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 63. “ISO 6469-3:2011,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
tion=1&doctype=outline, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 64. “ISO 6469-4:2015,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
ui/#iso:std:iso:6469:-4:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
43. “ISO 12405-1:2011,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
ui/#iso:std:iso:12405:-1:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 22, 2017. 65. “ISO 17409:2015,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
ui/#iso:std:iso:17409:ed-1:v2:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
4 4. “ISO 12405-2:2012,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
ui/#iso:std:iso:12405:-2:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 22, 2017. 66. “ISO 23273:2013,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
ui/#iso:std:iso:23273:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
ui/#iso:std:iso:12405:-3:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 22, 2017. 67. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report,
“Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety,” SAE Standard J2344,
46. “IEC 62576 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed Aug.
Rev. Mar. 2010.
24, 2017.
68. SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
47. “IEC 62660-1:2010,” https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_ “Recommended Practice for the Design and Test of Hybrid
iec62660-1%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. Electric and Electric Trucks and Buses for Electrical Safety,”
48. “IEC 62660-2:2010,” https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_ SAE Standard J2910, Iss. Apr. 2014.
iec62660-2%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf, accessed Aug. 24, 2017. 69. SAE International Surface Vehicle Standard, “Safety
49. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Standard for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Battery
Practice, “Recommended Practice for Packaging of Systems Utilizing Lithium-based Rechargeable Cells,” SAE
Electric Vehicle Battery Modules,” SAE Standard J1797, Standard J2929, Rev. Feb. 2013.
Reaf. June 2008. 70. “UL 2231-1,” http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2231-
50. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 1&edition=2&doctype=ulcsance, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
“Recommended Practice for Performance Rating of Electric 71. “ISO 15118-1:2013,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
Vehicle Battery Modules,” SAE Standard J1798, Reaf. July 2008. ui/#iso:std:iso:15118:-1:ed-1:v2:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
51. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 72. “ISO 15118-2:2014,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
“Life Cycle Testing of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules,” SAE ui/#iso:std:iso:15118:-2:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
Standard J2288, Reaf. June 2008. 73. “ISO 15118-3:2015,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
52. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, ui/#iso:std:iso:15118:-3:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 24, 2017.
“Electric-Drive Battery Pack System: Functional Guidelines,” 74. “IEC 61851-24 Ed. 1.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
SAE Standard J2289, Rev. July 2008. Aug. 24, 2017.
53. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 75. “IEC 61851-24 Ed. 2.0,” http://www.iec.ch/dyn/, accessed
“Determination of the Maximum Available Power from a Aug. 24, 2017.
Rechargeable Energy Storage System on a Hybrid Electric 76. SAE Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use Cases for
Vehicle,” SAE Standard J2758, Iss. Apr. 2007. Communication Between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility
54. SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, Grid,” SAE Standard J2836-1, Iss. Apr. 2010.
“Recommended Practices (RP) for Shipping Transport and 77. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use
Handling of Automotive-Type Battery System - Lithium Cases for Communication between Plug-In Vehicles and Off-
Ion,” SAE Standard J2950, Iss. Feb. 2012. Board DC Charger,” SAE Standard J2836/2, Iss. Sept. 2011.

78. SAE International Surface Vehicle Standard, Revised at: 2017-09-19, available at: https://www.sae.org/
“Communication Between Plug-In Vehicles and Off-Board standards/content/j2908_201709/
DC Chargers,” SAE Standard J2847-2, Rev. Apr. 2015. 94. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
79. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use “Energy Transfer System for Electric Vehicles - Part 1:
Cases for Plug-In Vehicle Communication as a Distributed Functional Requirements and System Architectures,” SAE
Energy Resource,” SAE Standard J2836/3, Work in Progress, Standard J2293/1, Stab. Feb. 2014.
Standard: J2836/3_201701, Revised: 2017-01-18, available at 95. SAE International Surface Vehicle Standard, “Energy
https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2836/3_201301/. Transfer System for Electric Vehicles - Part 2:
80. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, Communication Requirements and Network Architecture,”
“Communication for Plug-In Vehicles as a Distributed SAE Standard J2293-2, Stab. Feb. 2014.
Energy Resource,” SAE Standard J2847/3, Iss. Dec. 2013.
96. “UL 2747,” Available:http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id
81. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use =2747&edition=1&doctype=outline, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
Cases for Diagnostic Communication for Plug-In Electric
97. “UL 2594,” http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2594&ed
Vehicles,” SAE Standard J2836™/4, Work in Progress,
ition=1&doctype=ulcsance, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
Standard Status: Issued Date:- 2017-6-26, available at :
https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2836/4_201706/ 98. “ISO 8714: 2002,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
82. SAE Standard, “Diagnostic Communication for Plug-In ui/#iso:std:iso:8714:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
Vehicles,” J2847/4, Work in Progress, https://www.sae.org/ 99. “ISO 8715: 2001,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
standards/content/j2847/4/ ui/#iso:std:iso:8715:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
83. SAE Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use Cases for 100. “ISO/TR 11954:2008,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
Customer Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles,” ui/#iso:std:iso:tr:11954:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
SAE Standard J2836/5™, Iss. May 2015. 101. “ISO 23828:2013,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
84. SAE Standard, “Communication between Plug-in Vehicles ui/#iso:std:iso:23828:ed-2:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
and their customers,” J2847/5, Work in 102. “ISO 23274-1:2013,” https://www.iso.org/obp/
Progress, https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2847/5/ ui/#iso:std:iso:23274:-1:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
85. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, “Use
Cases for Wireless Charging Communication for Plug-in
ui/#iso:std:iso:23274:-2:ed-1:v1:en, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
Electric Vehicles,” SAE Standard J2836/6, Iss. May 2013.
104. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
86. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
“Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range
“Communication between Wireless Charged Vehicles and
Test Procedure,” SAE Standard J1634, Rev. Oct. 2012.
Wireless EV Chargers,” SAE Standard J2847/6, Iss. Aug. 2015.
87. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, 105. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
“Digital Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles,” SAE “Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions
Standard J2931/1, Work in and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-
Progress, https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2931/1/ in Hybrid Vehicles,” SAE Standard J1711, Rev. June 2010.
88. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 106. SAE International Vehicle Surface Recommended Practice,
“Test Procedures for the Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) “Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel Economy and
Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Emissions of Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Heavy-Duty
(EVSE),” SAE Standard J2953/2, Work in Progress, Issued on Vehicles,” SAE Standard J2711, Iss. Sept. 2002.
2014-01-22, available at https://www.sae.org/standards/ 107. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
content/j2953/2_201401/ “Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions
89. “ISO/PRF PAS 19295,” http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/ and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-
catalogue_ics/, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. in Hybrid Vehicles,” SAE Standard J1711, Rev. June 2010.
90. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, 108. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
“Power Quality Requirements for Plug-In Electric Vehicle “Determination of the Maximum Available Power from a
Chargers,” SAE Standard J2894/1, Iss. Dec. 2011. Rechargeable Energy Storage System on a Hybrid Electric
91. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, Vehicle,” SAE Standard J2758, Iss. Apr. 2007.
“Power Quality Test Procedures for Plug-In Electric Vehicle 109. “Vehicle Sound Measurements at Low Speeds,” SAE
Chargers,” SAE Standard J2894/2, Iss. Mar. 2015. Standard J2889, Work in Progress, Latest Version :
92. SAE International Surface Vehicle Information Report, J2889/1_201511, Revised at 2015-11-10, available at:- https://
“Performance Characterization of Electrified Powertrain Motor- www.sae.org/standards/content/j2889/1_201109/.
drive Subsystem,” SAE Standard J2907, Work in Progress, 110. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
Current Status: J2907_201802, Revised at: 2018-02-12, available “Measurement of Minimum Noise Emitted by Road
at:- https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2907_201702/ Vehicles,” SAE Standard J2889 ™-1, Rev. Nov. 2015.
93. SAE International Surface Vehicle Technical Information 111. Range Test Protocol for PEV (Plug-In Electric Vehicles)
Report, “Vehicle Power Test for Electrified Powertrains,” Small Task Oriented Vehicles (STOV), SAE Standard J2991,
SAE Standard J2908™, Current version: J2908_201709, Work in Progress.

112. “ARAI Report on INDIAN EMISSIONS REGULATIONS,” 119. Maheshwari, P., Tambawala, Y., Kumar Nunna, H.S.V.S., and
https://www.araiindia.com/pdf/Indian_Emission_ Doolla, S., “A Review on Plug-In Electric Vehicles Charging:
Regulation_Booklet.pdf, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Standards and Impact on Distribution System,” 2014 IEEE
113. Ministry of Petroleum, Government of India, “Auto Fuel International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and
Vision and Policy 2025,” http://petroleum.nic.in/docs/ Energy Systems (PEDES), Mumbai, India, Dec. 16-19, 2014, 1-6.
autopol.pdf, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. 120. Dan, W., Chunlin, G., and Xiangning, X., “Overview of
114. “Business Standard Article,” http://www.business-standard. Development of Electric Vehicle Standards at Home and
com/article/companies/car-makers-to-tweak-product- Abroad,” International Conference on Sustainable Power
development-plans-to-meet-2020-deadline-for-bs- Generation and Supply (SUPERGEN 2012), Hangzhou,
vi-116012700410_1.html, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. China, Sept. 8-9, 2012, 1-5, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
115. Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries 121. “ANSI EVSP Progress Report Nov 2014,” http://publicaa.
& Public Enterprises, Government of India, “National Electric ansi.org/sites/apdl/evsp/ANSI_EVSP_Progress_Report_
Mobility Mission Plan,” http://dhi.nic.in/UserView/ Nov_2014.pdf, accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
index?mid=1347, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. 122. “Analysis of European/German and Chinese Regulations
116. Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries regarding Electric Vehicle Infrastructure for Road Traffic,”
& Public Enterprises, Government of India, “Faster Adoption http://www.dena.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Projekte/
and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles India,” Verkehr/Dokumente/GCSFP-Study_-_EV-Regulations.pdf,
http://dhi.nic.in/UserView/index?mid=2418, accessed Aug. accessed Aug. 23, 2017.
23, 2017. 123. SAE Standards Works, http://www.sae.org/servlets/
117. “FAME India: Govt Scheme Offers up to Rs 1.38 Lakh works/#techcommittees, accessed Sept. 12, 2017.
Incentives for Electric, Hybrid Vehicles,” http://www. 124. Argonne National Laboratory, “Smart Grid EV Communication
firstpost.com/business/, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Module,” https://www.anl.gov/technology/project/smart-grid-ev-
118. “Hindustan Times: Govt May Roll Out Rs 500 Crore Package communication-module, accessed Sept. 13, 2017.
for Electric Vehicles in Budget,” http://www.hindustantimes. 125. International Energy Agency, “Global EV Outlook 2017: Two
com/business/, accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Million and Counting,” IEA Publication, 2017, France, 1-71.
A. Appendix
1. xEV Terminology Standards:
TABLE A.1 xEV terminology standards.
S. No. Organization Standard designation Title Present status

1. ISO ISO/TR 8713:2012 Electrically Propelled road vehicles-Vocabulary Published
2. IEC None None None
3. SAE J 1715/1 (RIP) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) & Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology Revised
4. UL None None None
5. ESO EN 13447:2001 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles Terminology Published
6. NTCAS GB/T195 s6-2004 Electric vehicle Terminology Active
QC/T 837-2010 Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Active
GB/T 24548-2009 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-Terminology Active
GB/T 29317 Terminology of Electric Vehicle Charging/ Battery Swapping Station Active
Infrastructure
7. JARI Z805:1998 Glossary of terms relating to EVs (General of vehicles) Published
Z806:1998 Glossary of terms relating to EVs (Electric motors & controllers) Published
Z807:1998 Glossary of terms relating to EVs (Batteries) Published
Z808:1998 Glossary of terms relating to EVs (Chargers) Published
8. JIS JIS D 0112:2000 Glossary of the terms relating to electric vehicles (Vehicles) Valid
JIS D 0113:2000 Glossary of terms relating to electric vehicles (Electric motors and Valid
Controllers)
JIS D 0114:2000 Glossary of terms relating to electric vehicles (Batteries) Valid
JIS D 0115:2000 Glossary of terms relating to electric vehicles (Chargers) Valid
9. ARAI None None None
2. xEV Standards on Charging:
TABLE A.2 xEV charging standards.
Standard Present
S. No. Organization designation Title status
1. ISO None None None
2. IEC IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 1: General requirements CCDV
IEC 61851-21-1 Ed. Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 21-1 Electric Vehicle on-board ADIS
1.0 charger EMC requirements for Conductive Connection to A.C. /D.C. supply
IEC 61851-21-2 Ed. Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 21-2: EMC requirements for A3CD
1.0 off-board electric vehicle charging systems
IEC 61851-22 Ed. Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 22: A.C. electric vehicle MERGED
2.0 charging station
IEC 61851-23 Ed. Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: D.C. electric vehicle PPUB
IEC 61851-23 Ed. Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: D.C. electric vehicle AMW
IEC 62982 Ed. 1.0 Electric vehicles conductive charging system - Part 2x: Bidirectional D.C. charging PNW
station
IEC 62196-1 Ed. Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets (termed as Published
3.0b:2014 accessories) - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General
requirement
IEC 62196-2 Ed. Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets -Conductive charging Published
1.0b:2011 of electric vehicles - Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability
requirements for A.C. pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC 62196-2 Ed. Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets -Conductive charging BPUB
2.0 of electric vehicles - Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability
requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC 62196-3 Ed. Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets -Conductive charging of Published
1.0b:2014 electric vehicles - Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability
requirements for D.C. and A.C./D.C. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers
IEC/TS 62196-4 Plugs, socket-outlets, and vehicle couplers - Conductive charging of electric 2CD
Ed. 1.0 vehicles - Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements
for a.c., d.c. and a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric
vehicles (LEV)
PNW 69-405 Ed. Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23-1: D.C. Charging with an PNW
1.0 automatic connection system
PNW 69-177 Ed. IEC 61851-2-x: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 2-x: Control PNW
1.0 communication protocol between a.c/d.c supply hybrid charging system and
electric vehicle
PNW 69-183 Ed. General Technical Requirements for Off-Board Charging and Discharging PNW
1.0 Equipment
IEC 61980-1 Ed. Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 1: General Published
1.0 requirements
IEC 61980-1 Ed. Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Systems - Part 1: General AMW
2.0 requirements
IEC 61980-1 am1 Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Systems - Part 1: General AMW
Ed. 1.0 requirements
IEC/TS 61980-2 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 2 specific A3CD
Ed. 1.0 requirements for communication between electric road vehicle (EV) and
infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems
IEC/TS 61980-3 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 3 specific ACDV
Ed. 1.0 requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems
IEC 62840-2 Ed. Electric Vehicle Battery Swap System - Part 2: Safety requirements ADIS
1.0
IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric Vehicle Battery Swap System Part 1: System Description and General APUB
Ed. 1.0 Requirements
IEC 62983 Ed. 1.0 Electric Vehicle Charge Station - Monitoring System PNW

TABLE A.2 (Continued) xEV charging standards.
Standard Present
3. SAE J1772 (RIP) Electric Vehicle and Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler RIP
J1773 Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging Stabilized
J2954 (WIP) Wireless Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles WIP
4 IEEE P2690 Standard for Charging Network Management Protocol for Electric Vehicle Active
Charging Systems Project
2030.1.1-2015 IEEE Standard Technical Specifications of a DC Quick Charger for use with Active
Electric Vehicles Standard
IEEE SA - Working group for creating technical specifications of quick charger Active
WGP2030.1.1 for electric vehicles Working
Group
5. UL UL2202 Standard for Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment Active
UL2251 Standard for Plugs, Receptacles, and Couplers for Electric Vehicles Active
UL2594 Standard for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Active
UL2734 Outline for Connectors and Service Plugs for Use with On-Board Electrical Vehicle Active
(EV) Charging Systems
UL2871 Outline of Investigation for Electric Vehicle (EV) Service and Production Chargers Active
UL9741 Outline of Investigation for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Active
Equipment
6. ESO EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements Published
EN 61851-21 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21: Electric vehicle Published
requirements for conductive connection to an A.C. /D.C. supply
EN 61851-22 Electric vehicle conductive charging system -Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging Published
station
CLC/TS 50457- Conductive charging for electric vehicles - Part 1: D.C. charging station Published
1:2008
CLC/TS 50457- Conductive charging for electric vehicles -Part 2: Communication protocol Published
2:2008 between off board charger and electric vehicle
7. NTCAS GB / T 18487.2- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - General Requirements Active
2001
GB / T 18487.3- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Electric Vehicle with AC/D.C Power Active
2001 Supply Connection Requirements
GB/T 20234.1- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Electric Vehicle AC/D.C. Charger Active
2011 (Station)
GB/T 20234.2- Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles Part 1: General Active
2011 requirements
GB/T 20234.3- Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles Part 2: AC charging Active
2011 coupler
QC/T 895-2011 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles Part 3:D.C charging Active
QC/T 841-2010 coupler
On-board conductive charger for electric vehicles Active
Electric vehicle conductive charge coupler Active
8. JARI C601:2000 Plugs and receptacles for EV charging Published
G105-1993 Connectors applicable to quick charging system at Eco-Station for EVs Published
G106:2000 EV inductive charging system: General requirements Published

G107:2000 EV inductive charging system: Manual Connection Published
G108:2001 EV inductive charging system: Software Interface Published
G109:2001 EV inductive charging system: General requirements Published
88 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

TABLE A.2 (Continued) xEV charging standards.
Standard Present
9. JIS TSD 0007:2012 Basic function of quick charger for the electric vehicle Valid
JIS D 1304:2004 Electric Vehicle -- Charging System-Test Method Of Efficiency Valid
JIS D 61851- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System-Part 23: D.C. Electric Vehicle Valid
23:2014 Charging Station
JIS D 61851- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System-Part 24: Digital Communication Valid
24:2014 between a D.C. EV charging Station and an electric vehicle for the control of the
D.C. charging.
JIS D 62196- Plugs, Socket-Outlets, Vehicle Connectors And Vehicle Inlets Conductive Charging Valid
3:2014 Of Electric Vehicles-Part 3: Dimensional Compatibility And Interchangeability
Requirements For D.C. And AC/D.C. Pin And Contact-Tube Vehicle Coupler
10. ARAI AIS- 138/D1 Electric Vehicle Conductive AC Charging System Draft
11. IEEE 2030.1.1-2015 IEEE Standard Technical Specifications of a DC Quick Charger for Use with Active
Electric Vehicles Project
3. xEV Standards on Battery and Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS):
TABLE A.3 xEV battery and rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) standards.
Standard Present
1. ISO ISO/NP 12405-1 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Under
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 1: High-Power Applications Development
ISO 12405 1: 2011 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Published
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 1: High-Power Applications
ISO 12405-2: 2012 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Published
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 2: High-Energy Applications
ISO/NP 12405-2 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Under
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 2: High-Energy Applications Development
ISO 12405-3: 2014 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Published
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 3: Safety Performance
Requirements
ISO/NP 12405-3 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Test Specification for Lithium-Ion Under
Traction Battery Packs and Systems -- Part 3: Safety Performance Development
Requirements
ISO/PAS 16898: Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Dimensions and Designation of Published
2012 Secondary Lithium-ion cells
ISO/DIS 18300.2 Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Specifications for Lithium-ion Battery Under
Systems combined with Lead Acid Battery or Capacitor Development
2. IEC IEC/TS 61382-1 am1 Amendment to IEC 1382-1: Nickel/cadmium rechargeable cells and batteries MERGED
Ed. 1.0 for electric vehicle propulsion applications (69/46/CDV)
IEC/TS 61382-2 Ed. Sealed nickel/cadmium rechargeable cells for electric road vehicle MERGED
1.0 propulsion applications
IEC 62576 Ed. 1.0 Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles - Test PPUB
methods for electrical characteristics
IEC 62576 Ed. 2.0 Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles - Test AMW
IEC 62660-1: 2010 Secondary Lithium-Ion cells for the Propulsion of Electric Road Vehicles - Published
Part 1: Performance Testing
IEC 62660-2: 2010 Secondary Lithium-Ion cells for the Propulsion of Electric Road Vehicles - Published
Part 2: Reliability and Abuse Testing

TABLE A.3 (Continued) xEV battery and rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) standards.
Standard Present
3. SAE J1715/2 (WIP) Battery Terminology WIP
J537 (RIP) Storage Batteries RIP
J1495 (RIP) Test Procedure for Battery Flame Retardant Venting Systems RIP
J1766 (RIP) Recommended Practice for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery RIP
Systems Crash Integrity Testing
J1797 Recommended Practice for Packaging of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules Published
J1798 (RIP) Recommended Practice for Performance Rating of Electric Vehicle Battery RIP
Modules
J2288 Life Cycle Testing of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules Published
J2289 Electric-Drive Battery Pack System: Functional Guidelines Published
J2380 Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Batteries Published
J2464 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Rechargeable Energy Storage System Published
(RESS) Safety and Abuse Testing
J2758 (RIP) Determination of the Maximum Available Power from a Rechargeable Energy RIP
Storage System on a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
J2929 (RIP) Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Battery System Safety Standard - RIP
Lithium-based Rechargeable Cells
J2936 (WIP) Vehicle Battery Labelling Guidelines WIP
J2946 (WIP) Battery Electronic Fuel Gauging Recommended Practices WIP
J2950 (WIP) Recommended Practices (RP) for Transportation and Handling of WIP
Automotive-type Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS)
J2974 (WIP) Technical Information Report on Automotive Battery Recycling WIP
J2981 (WIP) Starter Battery Identification and Classification WIP
J2983 (WIP) Recommended practice for determining material properties of Li-Battery WIP
separator
J2984 (WIP) Identification of Transportation Battery Systems for Recycling WIP
Recommended Practice
J3097 (WIP) Standards for Battery Secondary Use WIP
J3004 (WIP) Standardization of Battery Packs for Electric and Hybrid Trucks and Busses WIP
J3012 (WIP) Storage Batteries - Lithium-ion Type WIP
4. UL UL1236 Standard for Battery Chargers for Charging Engine-Starter Batteries Active
UL1564 Standard for Industrial Battery Chargers Active
UL2089 Standard for Vehicle Battery Adapters Active
UL2271 Batteries for Use In Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) Applications Active
UL2580 Batteries for use in Electric Vehicles Active
5. ESO EN 62660-1: 2011 Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part Published
1: Performance testing
EN 62660-2: 2011 Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part Published
2: Reliability and abuse testing
EN 62576: 2010 Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles - Test Published
GB/Z18333.1-2001 Li-ion Battery Active
GB/Z18333.2-2001 Zinc-Air Battery Active
6. NTCAS QC/T 741-2006 Ultra-Capacitor for Electric Vehicles Active
QC/T 742-2006 Lead Acid Batteries for Electric Vehicles Active
QC/T 743-2006 Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Active

QC/T 744-2006 NiMH Batteries for Electric Vehicles Active
QC/T 840-2010 Battery Structure and Size Active
QC/T 897-2011 Technical specification of Battery Management System for Electric vehicles Active

TABLE A.3 (Continued) xEV battery and rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) standards.
Standard Present
7. JARI D001-1995 Dimensions and Construction of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for EVs Published
D002: 1999 Dimensions and Construction of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries for Published
EVs
D701-1994 Capacity test procedure of lead-acid batteries for EVs Published
D702-1994 Energy density test procedure of lead-acid batteries for EVs Published
D703-1994 Power density test procedure of lead-acid batteries for EVs Published
D704-1997 Cycle life test procedure of valve regulated lead-acid batteries for EVs Published
D705: 1999 Capacity test procedure of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries for EVs Published
D706: 1999 Energy density test procedure of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries for Published
EVs
D707: 1999 Specific power and peak power test procedure of sealed nickel-metal Published
hydride batteries for EVs
D708: 1999 Cycle life test procedure of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries for EVs Published
D709: 1999 Dynamic capacity test procedure of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries for Published
EVs
G102-1993 Lead-acid batteries applicable to quick charging system at Eco-Station for Published
EVs
8. JIS JIS-D 1303:2004 Electric vehicles -- Batteries -- Test method of charging efficiency Valid
JIS D 1401:2009 Electrical characteristic test methods of electric double layer capacitors for Valid
use in hybrid electric vehicles
4. xEV Standards on Safety/Protection:
TABLE A.4 xEV safety/protection standards.

1. ISO ISO 6469-1: 2009 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 1: Published
On-Board Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS)
ISO/NP 6469-1 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 1: Under
On-Board Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Development
ISO 6469-2: 2009 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 2: Published
Vehicle Operational Safety Means and Protection against Failures
Vehicle Operational Safety Means and Protection against Failures Development
Protection of Persons against Electric Shock
Protection of Persons against Electric Shock Development
Post Crash Electrical Safety
ISO 17409: 2015 Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Connection to an External Electric Published
Power Supply -- Safety Requirements
ISO 23273: 2013 Fuel Cell Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Protection Against Published
Hydrogen Hazards for Vehicles Fueled with Compressed Hydrogen
IEC/FDIS 62752 In-Cable Control and Protection Device for mode 2 Charging of Electric Under
Road Vehicles (IC-CPD) Development

2. IEC IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Electric Vehicle Battery Swap System - Part 2: Safety Requirements ADIS
ISO 17409 Ed. 1.0 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Connection to an External Electric PPUB
Power Supply - Safety Specifications

TABLE A.4 (Continued) xEV safety/protection standards.

3. SAE J2344 Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety Published
J2910 (WIP) Design and Test of Hybrid Electric Trucks and Buses for Electrical Safety WIP
J2929 (RJP) Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Battery System Safety Standard RIP
- Lithium-based Rechargeable Cells
J2990 (WIP) Hybrid and EV First and Second Responder Recommended Practice WIP
J3009 (WIP) Stranded Energy - Reporting and Extraction from Vehicle WIP
Electrochemical Storage Systems
4. IEEE IEEE SA PC62.230 Guide for Surge Protection of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Active Project
IEEE SA - 3.6.14/EVSE Surge Protection - 3.6.14 LV Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Surge Active Work
Protection Guide Group
4. UL UL2231-1 Standard for Safety for Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Active
Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: General Requirements
UL2231-2 Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: Active
Particular Requirements for Protection Devices for Use in Charging
Systems
UL2231-3 Standard for Safety for Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Active
Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: Particular Requirements for Protection
Devices for Use in Charging Systems
5. ESO EN 1987-1: 1997 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Specific Requirements for Safety Published
- Part 1: On-Board Energy Storage
EN 1987-2: 1997 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Specific Requirements for safety Published
- Part 2:Functional Safety means and Protection against Failures
EN 1987-3: 1998 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Specific Requirements for Safety Published
- Part 3: Protection of users against Electrical Hazards
6. NTCAS GB/T18384.1-2015 Electric vehicles - Safety Requirements - Part 1: Rechargeable Energy Active
Storage Systems for Motor Vehicles (REESS)
GB/T18384.2-2015 Electric vehicles - Safety Requirements - Part 2: Safety and Quality Active
Assurance
GB/T18384.3-2015 Electric vehicles - Safety Requirements - Part 3: Protection Against Active
Electric Shock
GB/T 31498 Safety Requirements in Case of Accidents for Electric Cars Active
GB/T 19751-2005 HEV: Safety Requirement Active
GB/T 24549-2009 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle: Safety Requirement Active
7. JAM None None None
8. JIS JIS D 5305-1:2007 Electric Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 1: Traction Battery Valid
JIS D 5305-2:2007 Electric Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 2: Functional Valid
Safety Means and Protection against Failures
JIS D 5305-3:2007 Electric Road Vehicles -- Safety Specifications -- Part 3: Protection of Valid
Persons against Electric Hazards
9. ARAI AIS -038 Battery Operated Vehicles - Requirements for Construction and Released CD
Functional Safety 10
AIS-038 (Rev. l):2015 Electric Power Train Vehicles- Construction and Functional Safety Released CD
Requirements 10
AIS-048 Battery Operated Vehicles - Safety Requirements of Traction Batteries Released CD
10

5. xEV Standards on Communication:

TABLE A.5 xEV communication standards.
Standard
S. No. Organization designation Title Present status
1. ISO ISO/NP 15118-1 Road Vehicles -- Vehicle to Grid Communication Interface -- Part 1: General Under
Information and Use-Case Definition Development
ISO 15118-1: 2013 Road Vehicles -- Vehicle to Grid Communication Interface -- Part 1: General Published
Information and Use-Case Definition
ISO/NP 15118-2 Road Vehicles -- Vehicle to Grid Communication Interface -- Part 2: Network Under
and Application Protocol Requirements Development
ISO 15118-2: 2014 Road Vehicles -- Vehicle to Grid Communication Interface -- Part 2: Network Published
and Application Protocol Requirements
ISO 15118-3: 2015 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 3: Physical Published
and data Available layer requirements
ISO/CD 15118-4 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 4: Network Under
and application protocol conformance test Development
ISO/CD 15118-5 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 5: Physical Under
layer and data Available layer conformance test Development
ISO/DIS 15118-6 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 6: General Under
information and use-case definition for wireless communication Road vehicles Development
-- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 7:
ISO/CD 15118-7 Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication Under
Development
ISO/CD 15118-8 Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 8: Physical Under
layer and data Available layer requirements for wireless communication Development
2. IEC IEC 61851-24 Ed. Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication PPUB
1.0 between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c.
charging
IEC 61851-24 Ed. Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication AMW
2.0 between a D.C. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of D.C.
charging
IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-4: Requirements for A3CD
Ed. 1.0 Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication
IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-5: Requirements A3CD
Ed. 1.0 for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined communication
parameters
IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-6, Requirements A3CD
Ed. 1.0 for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter unit
IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-7, Requirements A3CD
Ed. 1.0 for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system
IEC 61851-24 fCl Corrigendum 1 - Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 24: Digital PPUB
Ed. 1.0 communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for
control of d.c. charging

IEC/TS 61980-2 Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems - Part 2 specific A3CD
Ed. 1.0 requirements for communication between electric road vehicle (EV) and
infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems

TABLE A.5 (Continued) xEV communication standards.

Standard
S. No. Organization designation Title Present status
3. SAE J1850 (RIP) Class B Data Communications Network Interface RIP
J2836-1 Use Cases for Communication Between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid Published
J2836/2 Use Cases for Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Supply Published
Equipment (EVSE)
J2836/3 (WIP) Use Cases for Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid WIP
for Reverse Power Flow
J2836/4 (WIP) Use Cases for Diagnostic Communication for Plug-in Vehicles WIP
J2836/5 (WIP) Use Cases for Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and their customers WIP
J2836/6 (WIP) Use Cases for Wireless Charging Communication between Plug-in Electric WIP
Vehicles and the Utility Grid
J2847/1 (RIP) Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid RIP
J2847/2 (RIP) Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and off-board DC Chargers RIP
J2847/3 (RIP) Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and off-board DC Chargers RIP
J2847/4 (RIP) Diagnostic Communication for Plug-in Vehicles RIP
J2847/5 (RIP) Diagnostic Communication for Plug-in Vehicles RIP
J2847/6 (RIP) Wireless Charging Communication between Plug-in Electric Vehicles and the RIP
Utility Grid
J2931/1(RIP) Power Line Carrier Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles RIP
J2931/2(WIP) Inband Signalling Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicle WIP
J2931/3(WIP) PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles WIP
J2931/4(WIP) Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles Telematics Smart WIP
J2931/5(WIP) Grid Communications between Customers, Plug-in electric Vehicles (PEV), WIP
ESP and HAN
J2931/6(WIP) Digital Communication for Wireless Charging Plug-in Electric Vehicles Security WIP
for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Communications
J2931/7(WIP) Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Interoperability with Electric Vehicle WIP
J2953/2 (WIP) Supply Equipment (EVSE) WIP
4. IEEE IEEE 802.20- IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 20: Air Active
2008 Interface for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Supporting Vehicular
Mobility - Physical and Media Access Control Layer Specification
P1609.0 IEEE Draft Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Active Project
Architecture
1609.3-2013 IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Active
-Architecture Standard
P 1609.2-2006 Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments - Withdrawn
Security Services for Applications and Management Messages Standard
1609.3-2007 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Suspended
(WAVE) - Networking Services Standard
1609.4-2006 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Withdrawn
(WAVE) - Multi-Channel Operation Standard
P1609.5 Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Active Working
-Communication Manager Group
P1609.12-2012 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Suspended
Identifier Allocations Standard
6. ESO None None None
7. NTCAS QCT/842-2010 Communication Protocol between BMS and off- Board Charger Active
8. JAM G105-1993 Communications Protocol Applicable to Quick Charging System at Eco-Station Published
9. JIS JIS D 61851- Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System -- Part 24: Digital Valid
24:2014 Communication between a D.C. EV Charging Station and an Electric Vehicle
for Control of D.C. Charging

6. xEV Standards on Power Quality/ Power Supply/Power Rating/Power Transfer:
TABLE A.6 xEV power quality/power supply/power rating/power transfer standards.
Standard Present
1. ISO ISO/PRF PAS Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles -- Specification of Voltage subclasses for Under
19295 voltage class B Development
2. IEC IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-1: General 3CD
Ed. 1.0 Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power
supply systems
IEC/TS 61851-3- Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-2: Requirements for 3CD
2 Ed. 1.0 Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board Conductive Power Supply Systems
IEC/TS 61851-3- Electric Vehicles Conductive Power Supply System - Part 3-3: Requirements for ANW
3 Ed. 1.0 Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) Battery Swap Systems
3. SAE J2894/1 Power Quality requirements for Plug-In Vehicle Chargers - Part 1: Requirements Published
J2894/2 (WIP) Power Quality requirements for Plug-In Vehicle Chargers - Part 2: Test Methods WIP
J2907 (WIP) Power Rating method for Automotive Electric Propulsion motor and Power WIP
J2908 (WIP) Electronics sub-system
J2293/1 Power Rating method for Hybrid-Electric and Battery Electric Vehicle WIP
Propulsion
J2293/2 Energy Transfer System for Electric Vehicles-Part 1: Functional Requirements Stabilized
and System Architectures
Energy Transfer System for Electric Vehicles - Part 2: Communication Stabilized
Requirements and Network Architecture
4. IEEE IEEE Std 1547- This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of Active
2003, distributed resources (DR) with electric power systems
IEEE Std 1547.1- This standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall Active
2005 be performed to demonstrate that the interconnection functions and equipment
of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Standard P1547.
IEEE Std 1547.2- This guide provides technical background and application details to support Active
2008 understanding of IEEE Std 1547-2003.
IEEE Std 1547.3- This document provides guidelines for monitoring, information exchange, and Active
2007 control for distributed resources (DR) interconnected with electric power
systems (EPS).
IEEE Std 1547.4- This document provides alternative approaches and good practices for the Active
2011 design, operation, and integration of DR island systems with EPS. This includes
the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the area EPS while
providing power to the islanded EPSs.
IEEE Std 1547.6- This standard builds upon IEEE Std 1547-2003 for the interconnection of Active
2011 distributed resources (DR) to distribution secondary network systems. This
standard establishes recommended criteria, requirements, and tests, and
provides guidance for interconnection of distribution secondary network system
types of area electric power systems (area EPS) with DR providing electric
power generation in local electric power systems (local EPS).
IEEE Std 1547.7- It provides distribution impact studies for distributed resource interconnection Active
2013
IEEE Std 1547a- For Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Active
2014
5. UL UL 2594 Standard for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Active
UL 2747 Outline of Investigation for Electric Vehicle Power Supplies Active
6. ESO None None None
7. NTCAS None None None

8. JARI None None None
9. JIS None None None

7. xEV Standards on Performance Measurement:
TABLE A.7 xEV performance measurement standards.
Standard Present
S. No. Organization designation Tide status
1. ISO ISO 8714: 2002 Electric Road Vehicles -- Reference Energy Consumption and Range -- Test Published
procedures for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
ISO 8715: 2001 Electric road vehicles -- Road operating characteristics Published
ISO/TR 11954:2008 Fuel Cell Road Vehicles -- Maximum speed Measurement Published
ISO/TR 11955:2008 Hybrid Electric Road Vehicles -- Guidelines for Charge Balance Measurement Published
ISO 23274-1:2013 Hybrid Electric Road Vehicles -- Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption Published
Measurements -- Part 1: Non-Externally Chargeable Vehicles
ISO 23274-2:2012 Hybrid Electric Road Vehicles -- Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption Published
Measurements -- Part 2: Externally Chargeable Vehicles
ISO 23828: 2013 Fuel Cell Road Vehicles -- Energy Consumption Measurement -- Vehicles Fueled Published
with Compressed Hydrogen
2. IEC None None None
3. SAE J1634 (RIP) J1711 Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure Recommended RIP
Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid- Published
Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Recommended Practice for
Measuring Fuel Economy and Emissions of
J2711(RIP) Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Heavy-Duty Vehicles Determination of the RIP
Maximum Available Power from a Rechargeable
J2758 (RIP) Energy Storage System on a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Utility Factor Definitions for RIP
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using
J2841 Travel Survey Data Vehicle Sound Measurement at Low Speeds Published
J2889 Measurement of Minimum Noise Emitted by Road Vehicles Published
J2889/1 Range Test Protocol for PEV (Plug-In Electric Vehicles) Small Task Published
J2991 (WIP) Oriented Vehicles (STOV) WIP
5. ESO EN 1821-1: Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Road Operating Current
1996 ability - Part 1: Pure Electric Vehicles
EN 1821-2 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Road Operating ability - Current
Part 2: Thermal Electric Hybrid Vehicles
EN 1986-1: 1997 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Energy Performances - Current
Part 1: Pure Electric Vehicles
EN 1986-2 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Energy Performances - Current
EN 12736: 2001 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Airborne Acoustical Noise of Vehicle During Current
Charging with On-Board Chargers -Determination of Sound Power Level
EN 13444-1 Hybrid-Electric Road Vehicles - Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption Current
Measurements - Part 1: Non-Externally Chargeable Vehicles
EN 13444-1: 2001 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Emissions of Hybrid Current
Vehicles - Part 1: Thermal Electric Hybrid Vehicles
EN 1821-2: 1999 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Road Operating ability - Current
EN 1986-2: 2001 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Measurement of Energy Performances - Current

TABLE A.7 (Continued) xEV performance measurement standards.
Standard Present
S. No. Organization designation Tide status
6. NTCAS GB/T 18385-2005 Electric Vehicle Power Performance Test Procedure Active
GB/T 18386-2005 Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure Active
GB/T 18388-2005 Electric Vehicle Type Approval Test Procedure Active
GB/T 19750-2005 HEV Type Approval Test Procedure Active
GB/T 19752-2005 HEV Power Performance Test procedure Active
GB/T 19753-2005 Light Duty HEV Energy Consumption Test Procedure Active
GB/T 19754-2005 Heavy Duty HEV Energy Consumption Test procedure Active
GB/T 19755-2005 Light Duty HEV Emission Test Procedure Active
QC/T 894-2011 On Board Measurement Methods for Emissions from Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Active
Vehicles
GB/T 24554-2009 Fuel Cell Engine Performance Test Procedure Active
GB/T 26991-2011 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Maximum Speed Test Method Active
7. JARI E701-1994 Combined power measurement of electric motors and controllers for EVs Published
E702-1994 Power measurement of electric motors equivalent to the on-board state for EVs Published
Z101-87 General rules of running test method of EVs Published
Z102-87 Maximum speed test method of EVs Published
Z103-87 Range test method of EVs Published
Z104-87 Climbing hill test method of EVs Published
Z105-88 Energy economy test method of EVs Published
Z106-88 Energy consumption test method of EVs Published
Z107-88 Combined test method of electric motors and controllers for EVs Published
Z108-1994 Electric Vehicle - Measurement for driving range and energy consumption Published
Z109-1995 Electric Vehicle - Measurement for acceleration Published
Z110-1995 Electric Vehicle - Measurement for maximum cruising speed Published
Zlll-1995 Electric Vehicle - Measurement for reference energy consumption Published
Z112-1996 Electric Vehicle - Measurement for climbing Published
8. JIS JIS D 1301: 2001 Electric Vehicle -- Measurement for Driving Range and Energy Consumption Valid
9. ARAI AIS-039 Battery Operated Vehicles - Measurement of Electrical Energy Consumption Released
CD 10
AIS-039 (Rev. Electric Power Train Vehicles- Measurement of Electrical Energy Consumption Released
l):2015 AIS-040 CD 10
Battery Operated Vehicles - Method of Measuring the Range Released
CD 10
AIS-040 (Rev. Electric Power Train Vehicles - Method of Measuring the Range Released
l):2015 AIS-041 CD 10
Battery Operated Vehicles - Measurement of Net Power and the Max. 30 Min. Released
Power CD 10
AIS-041 (Rev. Electric Power Train Vehicles Measurement of Net Power and The Maximum Released
l):2015 AIS-131 30 Minute Power Type CD 10
Approval Procedure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles introduced in market Released
for Pilot / Demonstration Projects intended for Government Scheme CD 10

8. Market Stock of Electric Vehicle in Various Countries from 2005 to 2016.
TABLE A.8 Data table.
Countries 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.52 2.54 5.66 10.73 17.69 29.27
China 0 0 0 0 0.48 1.91 6.98 16.88 32.22 105.39 312.77 648.77
France 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.3 3.03 9.29 18.91 31.54 54.49 84
Germany 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.1 0.25 1.89 5.26 12.19 24.93 48.12 72.73
India 0 0 0 0.37 0.53 0.88 1.33 2.76 2.95 3.35 4.35 4.8
Japan 0 0 0 0 1.08 3.52 16.14 40.58 69.46 101.74 126.4 151.25
South Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0.06 0.34 0.85 1.45 2.76 5.95 11.21
Netherland 0 0 0 0.01 0.15 0.27 1.14 6.26 28.67 43.76 87.53 112.01
Norway 0 0 0 0.26 0.4 3.35 5.38 9.89 20.37 44.21 84.18 133.26
Sweden 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18 1.11 2.66 7.32 15.91 29.33
United 0.22 0.55 1 1.22 1.4 1.68 2.89 5.59 9.34 24.08 48.51 86.46
Kingdom
United State 1.12 1.12 1.12 2.58 2.58 3.77 21.5 74.74 171.44 290.22 404.09 563.71
Others 0 0 0 0 0.64 0.83 3.25 6.9 12.76 25.35 52.63 87.48
Total 1.37 1.69 2.15 4.54 7.47 16.81 64.58 182.64 388.07 715.39 1262.61 2014.22
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE International.
Positions and opinions advanced in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE International. The author is solely responsible for the content
of the article.

A Bibliographical Review of ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Bibliographical Review of ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Downloaded from SAE International by Univ of California Berkeley, Thursday, July 26, 2018

I. Introduction This study is outlined by distributing standards into seven

FIGURE 2 Major electrification transportation standardization organizations across the globe.

1. Standards on xEV 2. Standards on xEV Charging

FIGURE 4 Major categories of electrical vehicles standards.

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

TABLE 1 All available electrical vehicles acronyms and its significance.

S. No. Acronym Significance

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 69

B. SAE Standards The SAE J1772 [36] standard also cov-

TABLE 2 xEV terminology standards issued by the major standardization organizations.

ISO SAE ESO NTCAS JARI JIS

TABLE 3 xEV charging standards issued by the major standardization organizations.

IEC SAE IEEE UL ESO NTCAS JARI JIS ARAI

IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed 1.0

ISO IEC SAE UL ESO NTCAS JARI JIS

The SAE J2984 [56] envisioned to upkeep the appropriate

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

ISO IEC SAE UL IEEE ESO NTCAS JIS ARAI

standards report the safety features to be considered for the

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

ISO IEC SAE IEEE NTCAS JARI JIS

The SAE J2931/1 [87] states the requirements for the

ISO IEC SAE IEEE UL

J2293/2 IEEE Std 1547.4-2011

ISO SAE ESO NTCAS JARI JIS ARAI

FIGURE 13 Categorical division of the different ARAI standards.

AISC - Automotive Industry Standards Committee 13. JEVS standards, http://www.jari.or.jp/tabid/178/Default.

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

TABLE A.1 xEV terminology standards.

S. No. Organization Standard designation Title Present status

2. xEV Standards on Charging:

TABLE A.2 xEV charging standards.

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 87

TABLE A.2 (Continued) xEV charging standards.

G106:2000 EV inductive charging system: General requirements Published

88 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

TABLE A.2 (Continued) xEV charging standards.

3. xEV Standards on Battery and Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS):

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 89

QC/T 743-2006 Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Active

90 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

4. xEV Standards on Safety/Protection:

TABLE A.4 xEV safety/protection standards.

S. No. Organization Standard designation Title Present status

Road Vehicles (IC-CPD) Development

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 91

TABLE A.4 (Continued) xEV safety/protection standards.

S. No. Organization Standard designation Title Present status

92 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

5. xEV Standards on Communication:

control of d.c. charging

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 93

TABLE A.5 (Continued) xEV communication standards.

94 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

6. xEV Standards on Power Quality/ Power Supply/Power Rating/Power Transfer:

TABLE A.6 xEV power quality/power supply/power rating/power transfer standards.

7. NTCAS None None None

© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. 95

7. xEV Standards on Performance Measurement:

TABLE A.7 xEV performance measurement standards.

96 © 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

I. Introduction This study is outlined by distributing standards into seven

1. Standards on xEV 2. Standards on xEV Charging