Erika Alisia - A73216110 PDF

RHETORICAL QUESTION IN EXPATS CONFESSION-
INDONESIA FAN PAGE FACEBOOK
THESIS
BY:
ERIKA ALISIA
REG. NUMBER: A73216110
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
2020
DECLARATION
APPROVAL SHEET
EXAMINER SHET
ABSTRACT
Alisia, E. (2020). Rhetorical Question in Expats Confessions-Indonesia Fan Page

Facebook. English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities UIN
Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Advisor: Murni Fidiyanti, M.A.
Keywords: rhetorical question, types of rhetorical question, function of rhetorical

questions, expats confessions.
This study purposes to analyze the types and the function of rhetorical
questions in expats confession-Indonesia. The researcher used two theories in this
study. First is Bussmann(1996) to discuss the types of rhetorical questions, and the
second is Larson(1998) to discuss the functions in rhetorical questions, furthermore
the researcher has solved two research problems. They are (1) what is the type of
rhetorical questions in expats confessions-Indonesia, (2) what is the function of
rhetorical questions in expats confessions-Indonesia.
A qualitative was applied to discuss the research problems. Collecting the
data and classifying were used by the researcher to find the types and the functions.
Then, the researcher interpreting with support by Betty Azar to find the pattern.
Besides, the sentences before or after rhetorical questions are used to prove the data.
Also, the audience’s responses have the purpose of convincing too.
The result of this research is the researcher found all the types of rhetorical
questions. They are a positive yes-no and wh-question and a negative yes-no and
wh-question. A positive wh-question is the dominant type used by the expat.
Especially in the question word “how.” The second result is the function of the
rhetorical question. All functions are found in this study. However, the function to
admonish or exhort something like a dominant function. As we know, there are
three kinds of feeling related to the pattern. The researcher found the dominant
pattern is positive. It means the aim’s expat to admonish with an impatience feeling.
However, the researcher found limited data in a negative yes-no question and the
functions are to show surprise and to introduce a new topic.
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ABSTRAK
Alisia, E. (2020). Rhetorical Question in Expats Confessions-Indonesia Fan Page

Facebook. Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora
UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Pembimbing: Murni Fidiyanti, M.A.
Kata Kunci: pertanyaan retoris, tipe-tipe pertanyaan retoris, fungsi pertanyaan

retoris, pernyataan ekspatriat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tipe-tipe dan fungsi dari

pertanyaan retoris di expats confession-Indonesia fan page. Peneliti menggunakan
dua teori dalam penelitian ini. Pertama adalah Busmman (1996) untuk menjelaskan
tipe-tipe dan yang kedua Larson (1998) untuk menjelaskan fungsi dari pertanyaan
retoris, selanjutnya peneliti telah menyelesaikan dua permasalahan. Mereka adalah
(1) tipe-tipe pertanyaan retoris apa yang ada di expats confessions-Indonesia, (2)
fungsi apa saja kah yang ada di expats-confessions-Indonesia.
Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penilitian ini untuk memecahkan
masalah-masalah penelitian. Pengumpulkan data dan pengklasifikasian digunakan
oleh peneliti untuk menemukan tipe-tipe dan fungsi-fungsi yang ada. Kemudian,
peneliti menafsirkan dengan dukungan Betty Azar untuk menemukan polanya.
Selain itu, kalimat sebelum atau sesudah pertanyaan retoris digunakan untuk
membuktikan data. Juga, tanggapan dari audien memiliki tujuan untuk meyakinkan
juga.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalaha peneliti menemukan semua jenis
pertanyaan retoris. Mereka adalaha pertanyaan yes-no dan wh yang positif dan ya-
tidak dan wh-question yang negatif. Pertanyaan wh yang positif adalah tipe
dominan yang digunakan oleh expat. Terutama dalam kata pertanyaan
“bagaimana.”. Hasil kedua adalah fungsi dari pertanyaa retoris. Semua fungsi
ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Namun, fungsi untuk menegur atau menasehati
sebagai fungsi yang dominan. Seperti yang diketahui, ada tiga macam perasaan
yang berkaitan dengan pola. Peneliti menemukan pola yang dominan adalah positif.
Itu berati tujuan expat untuk menasehati adalah dengan perasaan tidak sabar.
Namun, peneliti menemukan data trbatas dalam pertayaan iya-tidak yang negatif
dan fungsi untuk menunjukkan kejutan dan untuk memperkenalkan topik .
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover .......................................................................................................... i
Declaration ................................................................................................ ii
Approval Sheet ......................................................................................... iii
Examiner Shet .......................................................................................... iv
Abstract .................................................................................................... vi
Abstrak .................................................................................................... vii
Table of Content ..................................................................................... viii
List of Tables ............................................................................................. x
List of Figures .......................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I .............................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the study............................................................... 1
1.2 Problems of the Study................................................................... 6
1.3 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 6
1.4 Scope and Limitation .................................................................... 7
1.5 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................... 7
CHAPTER II ............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Rhetorical Question ...................................................................... 8
2.2 Types of Rhetorical Question ..................................................... 10
2.3 The Function of Rhetorical Question ......................................... 11
2.4 Expats .......................................................................................... 12
2.5 Expats Confession-Indonesia...................................................... 13
CHAPTER III ......................................................................................... 14

3.1 Research Design .......................................................................... 14
3.2 Data Collection............................................................................ 14
3.2.1 Research Data ...................................................................... 14
3.2.2 Data Source .......................................................................... 15
3.2.3 Research Instruments ......................................................... 15
3.2.4 Techniques of Data Collection. ........................................... 15
viii

3.3 Data Analysis .............................................................................. 17
CHAPTER IV ......................................................................................... 21
4.1 Findings .......................................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Types of Rhetorical Question .................................................. 21
4.1.2 The Function of Rhetorical Question ..................................... 36
4.2 Discussion ....................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER V ........................................................................................... 56
5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 56
5.2 Suggestions ..................................................................................... 56
REFERENCES........................................................................................ 58
ix

LIST OF TABLES
Tables Pages
3.1 Identifying Stage ................................................................................. 20
3.2 Types of Rhetorical Question .............................................................. 21

LIST OF FIGURES
Figures ................................................................................................ Pages

3.1 Expats Confess-Indonesia Fan Page Facebook ............................... 18
3.2 Screenhotted Status of Expats Confession-Indonesia ..................... 19
3.3 Copy-Pasted Status to Miscrosoft Word ........................................ 19
3.4 Steps of Analysis ........................................................................... 19
xi

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter one, the researcher put five points such as the background of
the study, the research problem, the significance of the study, scope, and
limitation, and the last is the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the study
In this millennial era, many people find their job or work in another country.
It is because they need new experience, new relations, and environment or other
needs perhaps. According to Brewster, C. (2017, p. 4-5), expatriate or expats is a
bunch of people moves around the world to travel, the soldier send by the empire
in other lands and the religious history with the missionaries send by the church as
a stranger to some purposes. It means expats are people who move to other
countries to fulfill the purposes in several years. Usually, expats have a group to
help them to get information about their country soon.
In Indonesia, there is a fan page Facebook to cover all the information needs
by expats who live in or left Indonesia after a few years of settling down. It is
Expats Confessions-Indonesia. It contains the confessions of the expats from
many countries such as American, Australian, Philippines, Chines, and others. It
was created since 2017. The topic is interesting. It discusses the expats’s through
Indonesia’s condition in many aspects. The status that controversy makes the fan
page blocked by other people who disagree with the opinion or arguments. Often,
what It contains the is stated is opposite or reveals the truth. The confession

presented confidently and strongly can lead people to believe in that confession.
The expats deliver their confession through a statement, a question, a story, a
picture, etc.
According to Spago (2017, p. 103), the rhetorical question’s characteristic is
to achieve something that elicits a definitive answer. Then, based on
Athanasiadou (1991, p. 108), a question is not asking an answer but aims to
deliver the information. Two experts above indicate that the writer writes the
rhetorical question does not expect an answer. They are sharing the information.
The information behind the rhetorical question is an interesting one.
Another expert is Larson (1998, p. 257), who argues that there are two kinds
of question form. They are a real question to ask for information and rhetorical
question to make a statement and command. The rhetorical question’s pattern is
similar to a real question. The difference between the rhetorical question and the
real question is the purpose. The real question is pretending an answer, while the
rhetorical question does not expect an answer. It just questions the circumstances
and emphasizes a topic. In profound, rhetorical question deals with the context,
the speaker's illocutionary force and determine how to express better that some
intent. Thus, the rhetorical question has the same pattern with a real question,
mentioned question words, a helping verb, and a question mark.
The researcher conducted this research is inspired by the previous studies.
The first previous study is (Spoel, P. 2006) entitled negotiating public and
professional interest: a rhetorical analysis of the debate concerning the regulation
of Midwifery in Ontario, Canada. This study talked about the impure process of

rhetorical differentiation and identification through in discussion of Midwifery.
The methodology was descriptive qualitative. The result here was a correlation or
relevance of the rhetorical analysis for understanding health's discursive
formation.
Martin (2015) and Finlayson (2012) are other previous studies. They
conducted their research about the relations of rhetorical approach analysis in the
political theory, strategies, and thought. Especially in the application and
developed political theory, strategies, and thought in the rhetorical question
approach. Martin (2015) had titled situating speech: a rhetorical approach to
political strategy. It focused on the development insights of the recent work in
rhetorical political analysis through the statement. This study was a descriptive
qualitative. The result of this study examined the audience’s argument in specific
places and times from President Kennedy's inaugural address.
Besides, Finlayson (2012) explored rhetoric in the politics of ideologies. It
concerns with the political theory of ideologies and political thought. The
researcher used descriptive qualitative. He compared Michael Fradeen's
morphological analysis and Ernesto Laclau's discourse analysis. The conclusion of
this study was the objects could illuminate the historical, and the changed of
assemblages conceptual in political strategy and clarify political articulations.
Next, Orkibi (2015) explained the rhetorical perspective on candidates 'self-
presentation' in automated campaigns in the 2013 Israeli elections. This study
focused on the electronic campaign's rhetorical dimension and the three
candidates’ images based on the formation of the public. The methodology of this

study was descriptive qualitative. He analyzed Yair Lapid, Shelly Yachimovich,
and Naftah Bennett with descriptive methodolgy. Orkibi used three prominent
rhetorical conventions in this research. The result of this study was the candidates
delivered their campaign more interested by using the image because the image
could persuade the audience in the electronic campaign.
Another previous study that inspired the researcher, such as Triwijayanti
(2009), conducted a translation analysis of the rhetorical question in the novel
'shopaholic and sister' and its Indonesian version 'Si Gila Belanja Punya Kakak.' It
focused on the strategies and the quality of rhetorical questions translations used
in those novels. She used descriptive qualitative as the method. The result of this
research was found eight strategies in those novels. They were substraction,
addition, substraction plus addition, optional transposition, obligatory
transposition, and modulation. This study incorporated the rhetorical question and
translation.
Then, Spago (2017), conducted the study entitle rhetorical question or
rhetorical uses of question? This study focused on the differences of the rhetorical
questions and non-rhetorical question in syntactic and semantic elements. Spago
used quantitaive as the methodology. This study found seven form that elaborated
with syntactic and semantic elements. They are question realized in ‘why+lexical
verb’ form, question that incorporated into declarative or imperative sentences,
auto-responsive questions, question that contain PI, question accompanied by
ridiculous answer, question preceded by a lexical item incompatible with asking

for information, and semantic incompatibility. Thus, the semantic incompatibility
as the frequent used by the speaker.
The last, the study conducted by Yulinda, P. (2017), about the function of
rhetorical questions in the novel 'five on a treasure island.' This research focused
on the role of rhetorical question where that novel's purpose intended particular.
She used descriptive qualitative as the methodology. The study found the function
of the rhetorical question by Larson (1998, p.236) expects the capacity to express
the speaker's evaluation.
Several previous studies mentioned the object is political thought and
literary work. Then, the result of several studies could not beapplied in daily
communication. Yulinda (2017), and Yulinda (2018), the same person but
different tittles do not find one of six functions. There is no function to express the
speaker’s evaluation. Thus, the researcher uses another object to find all the
functions and explore rhetorical question in daily communication. Then, the
researcher adding the types to know the dominant pattern or kind used by the
expats.
The researcher chooses Expats Confession-Indonesia fan page Facebook as
an object of the study. It gets 4.6 out of 5 rates by the people who recommended
it. It is a very updated group. It shares a lot of information in many aspects. Here,
the reader can see other expat’s perspective. Then, the writer posts anonymously
as the rule of this fan page. Thus, the researcher focuses on the combination of
two theories in the object. The first is to analyze the types, and the second is to
analyze the function of rhetorical questions in expats confessions-Indonesia.

Besides, the researcher used two theories are Busmman (1996) to discuss the
types of rhetorical questions and Larson (1998) to find the functions of rhetorical
questions. The researcher chooses by the most responses of rhetorical question
that mentioned in the posts. Not only that, the interesting one is a rhetorical
question is another way to the communication of confessing the news. Besides, it
has the support of the habit of millennials who like to write or post something on
social media and give lots of responses.
1.2 Problems of the Study
This research has several issues that the researcher will discuss, they are:
a. What are the types of the rhetorical question posted in Expats Confession-
Indonesia?
b. What are the kinds of functions in rhetorical questions posted in Expats
Confessions-Indonesia?
1.3 Significance of the Study
This study is expected to contribute to theoretical and practical
contributions. Theoretically, this study is expected to contribute to the knowledge
in the theory of pragmatics, especially in a rhetorical question. It uses to identify
the types and functions of the rhetorical questions. Practically, this study is
expected to the reader understand the development of rhetorical questions in the
expats confession-Indonesia fan page on Facebook.

1.4 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study focuses on the posts in expats confessions –
Indonesia fan page Facebook to find the types and functions of the rhetorical
questions. The limited in this study is the object. It is Expats Confession –
Indonesia fan page Facebook, which has an ungrammatical pattern. The topic is
random, but most of them discuss Indonesia’s condition.
1.5 Definition of Key Terms
Rhetorical Question is the question has aims to share the information. It
does not expect an answer.
Types of Rhetorical Question is the kind of pattern mention in rhetorical
questions.
The Function of Rhetorical Question is the writer’s purpose behind the
question.
Expat or expatriate is the people who live in another country for some
purposes in several times.
Expats Confessions-Indonesia is the fan page on Facebook about the
expatriate’s experience in Indonesia.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In chapter two, the researcher put four points of review of related literature,
such as the rhetorical question, types of the rhetorical question, the function of a
rhetorical question, and the expats.
2.1 Rhetorical Question
Soraby (2017, p. 310) defines rhetorical questions are a type of figurative
language to achieve a pragmatic goal, such as stuttering an argument, being
persuasive, emphasizing a post, and being ironic. Besides, based on Yule (1996, p.
3), pragmatics is the study of meaning related to communication between speaker
and listener, writer, and reader. So rhetorical question is part of pragmatics.
According to Athanasiadou (1991, p. 108), the question divided into four based on
the function in communication and the intentions of the speaker. They are
information-seeking, rhetorical question, examination question, and an indirect
question. Another definition based on Han (2002, p. 202), "rhetorical question
has the illocutionary force of an assertion of the opposite polarity from what is
asked." It means every question asked to the listener or reader does not expect an
answer. Still, it can be requesting some information genuinely with the persuasive
effect that contains in a rhetorical question.
Next, Spago (2017, p. 102), the aim’s rhetorical question is to provide the
information, not a question. Besides, "rhetorical question used as a challenging
statement to convey the addresser's commitment to its implicit answer, to induce

the address's mental recognition of its obviousness and the acceptance verbalized
or not verbalizes of its validity” (Illie 1994, p. 128), in other words, the rhetorical
question is one of many ways to get information that deliver implicit verbalizes or
not. Besides, according to Abioye (2011, p. 291), the rhetorical question is part of
the figure of speech where has a question form containing a persuasive effect
without the expectation of the answer. The answer does not have a definitive
answer. It often depends on the listener and the reader’s perspective.
Moreover, according to Larson (1998, p. 257), the interrogative sentences
based on the function divided into two; they are real questions and rhetorical
questions. The real question here uses to ask for information, while the rhetorical
question uses for purposes other than asking for information. In deep, rhetorical
question deals with the context, the speaker's illocutionary force, and determines
how to express better that some intent . Besides, the rhetorical question uses to
make a statement, to raise awareness, or to convey attitudes of awe, envy, doubt,
anger, blame, and other emotions. Then, the question’s meaning is based on the
speaker. It supports in Larson’s statement (1996, p. 257), "communication
furthermore in the situational meaning of propositions." Another explanation of
rhetorical question through the example of Larson (1998, p. 236), there are three
forms based on the rhetorical question’s pattern that represent the different
expression of the speaker. They are such as impatience, noncritical or polite, and
the last critical or impolite.

2.2 Types of Rhetorical Question
Types of the rhetorical question, according to Bussmann (1996, p. 1009)
divided into two such as rhetorical yes-no and wh- question. Both of them have
different characteristics. It explains more below:
a. Rhetorical Yes-No Question
Rhetorical yes-no questions divided into two positive and negative. A
positive yes-no question has a negative assertion. A negative yes-no
question has a positive assertion. See example below:
Positive:
E.g., "is it all likely that he is healthy?" it means he is not healthy.
Negative:
E.g., "is it all likely that he is not healthy?" it means he is indeed
healthy.
b. Rhetorical WH- Question
This rhetorical wh-question divided into two positive and negative wh-
question. The positive question is equivalent to a statement in which a
negative element replace the wh-element
Ex: “where can anyone get any ice creams and cookies?” it means
no one cannot get any ice creams and cookies anymore.
The less common negative question is equivalent to a statement in
which positive element replace the wh-element.
10

Ex: "when has Shawn not been on the campus?" it means Shawn is
always on the campus.
2.3 The Function of Rhetorical Question
Larson (1998, p. 236) argues that there are several functions of rhetorical
question such as:
a. Emphasize a new fact to communicate a suggestion or command. It shows
in this example:
“How can she pass you, if she doesn't turn in her assignments?" it
means "She can't pass you if she doesn't turn in her assignment."
Rhetorical question shows emphasize a known fact. The fact happened
directly around the writer.
b. Indicate doubt or uncertainty. For example, “what are they going to
breakfast?” it depicts uncertainty the price of food, so the meaning is
"they are concerned about how they will have enough money to buy the
breakfast they need." The function to shows the writer’s expression of the
events that occurred.
c. Introduce a new topic or a new aspect of a topic. It means the writer uses
the rhetorical question to start the communication. The simplest way to
introducing another aspect in a topic. Example: "why is there so much
accident on the road these days?” it means “I am going to tell you why
there is an accident on the road too much these days."
d. Show surprise. It means the writer shows the surprise in a rhetorical
question. The rhetorical question does not expect an answer. Example:
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“Are they here so soon? I haven't even gotten dressed yet.” The meaning is
“I’m surprised they are here so soon" because she knows her friends are
coming, and her surprise expression is used rhetorical question.
e. Admonish or exhort something. The example: “why is he always bothering
his grandfather?” it means “he shouldn’t bother his grandfather to much."
f. Express the speaker's evaluation.
2.4 Expats
According to the Oxford Dictionary of Human Geography (2013, p. 6), a
person who outside their country because of their professional job as a worker or
an artist it called Expat. The simple meaning is the foreigner that worked in
Indonesia at several years
According to Brewster, C. (2017, p. 4-5), expatriate or expats is a bunch of
people who moved around the world to travel, the empire sent their soldier in
other lands, and the religious history that full of missionaries who sent by the
church as strangers. It can conclude that expatriate who moves for another country
by their boss to some purposes. Actually, in the 17th century, the term expatriate
used for the first time, but the meaning of it refers to pioneers such as artists,
entertainers, and authors.
Furthermore, other experts define expatriate as an employee sent by the
government organization to some like some job which needs a temporary time.
They usually lived more than six months and less than five years Brewster, C.
(Cited in Kanungo: 1997, p. 250). It means employees who have some purpose in
their job several times outside their own country are an expats. That statement
12

also described by Brewster, C. (Cited in Shrinivas: 2004, p. 203), employees of
the business who sent by their government to some purpose in temporary time
2.5 Expats Confession-Indonesia
Expats Confession-Indonesia is the fan page on Facebook about Indonesia’s
condition. This fan page uses to share the experience of the expats. The expats
come to Indonesia in several years to complete their purposes. Thus, to help the
expats live well here, they follow this fan page to know Indonesia’s condition,
habit, culture, government, and others aspects.
13

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
In chapter three, the researcher put three points of research methods. They
are research design, data collection, and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
The study used a qualitative approach. According to Walliman (2011, p.
114), a qualitative approach where the data mostly in words, accounts, opinions,
feelings, description form. Qualitative research is aimed to explain the data using
the words or sentences (Arikunto 1998, p. 193). Therefore a descriptive
qualitative to find the types and functions of the rhetorical question on the expats-
confessions-Indonesia fan page Facebook.
3.2 Data Collection
In this section presents research data, data source, and techniques of data
collection.
3.2.1 Research Data
According to Muhktar (2013, p. 99), data obtained from all empirical
knowledge in the field as a technical and educational construction method. So
data were important for the researcher. Thereby, the data of this research were all
of the question forms in the rhetorical question on expats confessions-Indonesia.
14

3.2.2 Data Source
The data of this study was taken from the question forms on expats
confession-Indonesia posts. It was downloaded from Facebook
https://web.facebook.com/pg/expatsconfessions/ posts/?ref=page_internal. The
researcher collected the data from the posts that had been posted from 2019 to
March 2020 that had at least mentioned 20 comments or responses. The
comments or the responses were about the same experience as the writer delivered
by the audiences. The researcher took 100 data contained a question form. Then,
the researcher screenshotted and copy-pasted the data that had a unique that
fulfilled in characteristics of rhetorical question to Microsoft word.
3.2.3 Research Instruments
The main instrument was the researcher because the researcher had an
important role in collecting and analyzing the data. According to Creswell (2009,
p. 175) defined in qualitative research, the tools to collect the data in person.
Besides, the researcher also used computer and internet access to help retrieve
some sources and references.
3.2.4 Techniques of Data Collection.
The data was taken by the researcher on ex-=pats confessions-Indonesia's
fan page. It was contained rhetorical questions and many audience’s responses.
There were some steps applied to collect the data:
a. Opened a Facebook account
b. Searched the Expat Confession-Indonesia fan page Facebook
15

c. Found the rhetorical question
d. Screenshotted the data
e. Copy-pasted to the Microsoft Word
Figure 3. 1 Expats Confession-Indoensia Fan Page Facebook
Figure 3. 2 Screenshotted status of Expats Confession-Indonesia
16

Figure 3. 3 Copy-Pasted Status to Microsoft Word
3.3 Data Analysis
identifying classifying interpreting
Figure 3. 4 Steps of Analysis Data
The researcher analyzed the data in many three ways, such as:
1. Identifying
The status of expats confessions-Indonesia has an interrogative
pattern that was identified in this section. The researcher given the code
each status, shows a rhetorical question. The stage was code in the types
and functions of a rhetorical question. It delivered below:
17

Table 3 1 Identifying Stage
Category Types Code

Types of
Rhetorical Yes-No Question YQ
Question
WH-Question WQ
Function of To emphasize a new fact
Rhetorical to communicate a EKF
Question suggestion or command
To indicate doubt or
DU
uncertainty
To introduce a new topic
NT
or a new aspect of a topic
To show surprise S
To admonish or exhort
ADX
something
To express the speaker’s
EX
evaluation
18

2. Classifying
Here would classify the element based on the problems of the statement.
Table 3 2Types of Rhetorical Question
Category Types Code Data

Types of
Rhetorical Yes-no
Rhetorical YQ S9
question
Question
Rhetorical WH- WQ
S10
Question
Functions
To emphasize a new
of S25, S27,
fact to communicate a EKF
Rhetorical S29
suggestion or command
Question
To indicate doubt or
DU
uncertainty
To introduce a new
topic or a new aspect NT
of a topic
To show surprise S
To admonish or exhort
ADX
something
To express the
EX
speaker’s evaluation
It was mean the code YQ and WQ show the types of a rhetorical question
and "S10 and S9" they were yes-no questions, and wh-questions represented the
data that the researcher collected. While the code EKF and "S25, S27 etc." they
were the status mentioned had a function to emphasize new fact to communicate a
suggestion or command represented the data that the researcher collected.
3. Interpreting
The researcher interpreted the types and function of rhetorical questions
which indicated. There are two steps. The first was the researcher interpret the
types of rhetorical questions. Answered the first problem used adding theory by
19

Betty Azar (2002), it identified the positive and negative pattern of yes-no and
wh-question. The second has interpreted the function of rhetorical questions. The
researcher attempted the answer by supporting sentences before or after rhetorical
questions, and the form itself.
20

CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In chapter four, the researcher presents findings and the discussions of the
result.
4.1 Findings
This section is intended to show the results of the data analysis. It focuses
on two points based on two research problems. The first is about the types of
rhetorical questions by Busmann (1996). There are two types of rhetorical
questions divided into two such as yes-no questions and wh-question. The second
is the function of the rhetorical questions based on Larson (1998) on expats
confession-Indonesia. In addition, there are six functions of rhetorical question
such as the rhetorical question to emphasize a new fact in order to communicate a
suggestion or command, to indicate doubt or uncertainty, to introduce a new topic
or new aspect of a topic, to show surprise, to admonish or exhort something, and
to express the speaker's evaluation.
4.1.1 Types of Rhetorical Question
According to Bussmann (1996, p. 1009), types of rhetorical questions are
divided into two categories such as rhetorical yes-no question and wh- question.
Rhetorical yes-no question is divided into a positive and negative yes-no
question. A positive yes-no question has a negative assertion. A negative
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yes-no question has a positive assertion. Besides, the rhetorical wh-question
divided into positive wh-question and negative wh-question. The positive question
is equivalent to a statement in which the wh-element is replaced by a negative
element and the opposite.
4.1.1.1 Yes-No Question
Yes-no Question is type a rhetorical question based on Bussmann (1996,
p.1009). It is similar to type of real question and it has a same form. According to
Betty Azar (2002, p. 448), a yes-no question can be answered by yes or no. In this
study yes-no question divided into two, they are positive yes-no question and
negative yes-no question.
4.1.1.1.1 Positive Yes-No Question
Positive yes-no question is one of two types of yes-no questions in a
rhetorical question. The form is similar to yes-no question’s type in real question.
The characteristic of positive yes no question is has a pattern helping verb +
subject + main verb + question mark based on Betty Azar (2002, p. 448). The
first explanation of a positive yes-no question is below:
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DATA 1
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It represents in “is it me or
do I feel like now a days girls are treating me like trash?” According to
Busmann's (1996) and Larson’s statement (1998), the form of real question is
similar to a rhetorical question. According to Betty Azar (2002, p. 448), the form
of a positive yes-no question is helping verb + subject + main verb + question
mark. In detail, the data has the helping verb is “is”, the subject is “it”, the main
verb is “feel” shows a verb, and a question mark. The data above is a rhetorical
question because the writer does not expect an answer. The question above
expresses the person’s experience concerned. The writer tells his relationship
when his couple goes to fast after break up. He wonders that his couple treats him
like trash. Then, in “treating me like trash” here make a ridiculous answer, while
based on Spago (2016), the type’s question shows a rhetorical is provide a
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ridiculous answer. Besides, it just a statement the writer shows the relationship.
Next explanation of a positive yes-no question in data 2 below:
DATA 2
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It delivers in “Guys is it
me or does this new Capital city seem like a waste of money and time??” as a
question form. In detail, the data has “is” as helping verb, “it” as a subject, and
“seem” shows a verb, the last is a question mark. The data above is a rhetorical
question that has a positive yes-no question as a type’s of a rhetorical question
because that question just a statement where the writer shows the expression of
the event occurred. The speaker argues Indonesia’s condition when the corruption
case so high. He considers Indonesia is the same as the Philippines, where the
laws, taxes, foreign investment laws not done well. Besides, according to
Athanasiadou (1990), the person expresses engaged in the event personally as a
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rhetorical question. Then, there is no specific answer mentioned. A positive yes-
no question as a type of rhetorical question mentioned in data 3, for more
explanation below:
DATA 3
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It represents in “Would
you sacrifice your happiness to prove your integrity?” as question form. In detail,
it contains a helping verb “would”, the subject is “you”, the main verb is
“sacrifice”, and is a question mark. According to Spago (2016), the question that
contains what everyone does not wish for called a rhetorical question. Besides, the
writer does not expect the answer to the something weird. She does not wish to
sacrifice her happiness to prove the integrity. It is because there are many ways to
prove it as long as the feeling is happy.
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As the data above, the writer uses a positive yes-no question to confess the
experience of the event occurred. It can be something ridiculous, something weird
that everyone does not wish and other. Then, the rhetorical question does not
expect an answer. It is just a way to communicate or sharing an experience with
others.
4.1.1.1.2 Negative Yes-no Question
This part is mainly focused on another type of yes-no question. In contrast to
the previous part, this part is a named negative yes-no question. Negative yes-no
question is a question that has a negative form similar to a real question. It has the
word “not” as indicator negativity. Then it mentioned the pattern is helping
verb/be + not + subject + main verb + question mark. So the examples of a
negative yes-no question can be seen in the data as follow:
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DATA 4
The data above shows a negative yes-no question. It delivers in “Aren't men
supposed to be the providers?” In complete, it has the word a helping verb + not
“aren’t”, the subject is “men”, and “be” means main verb, the last “?” shows a
question mark. The question is a rhetorical question because the writer does not
expect answer from the audience. She just explain her experience when meet a
male expat. He asked to be paid when dating, and astonished at the habit of
Balinese women who like a poor male expats. Besides, the writer’s encounter with
the event occurred. Thus, the writer expresses the unusual habit did by bule
(expat) in Bali. In another case, a negative yes-no question s as follows
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DATA 5
The data above shows a negative yes-no question. It mentioned in
“Shouldn’t they increase the number of busses so less crowds from?” as question
form. In detail, it indicates a modal auxiliary verb “should”, “not” shows a
negative form, the subject is “they”, the main verb “increase”, and a question
mark. The writer delivers the experience of the event occurred based on the data
screenshotted by the researcher. As an expat, the writer feels weird about the
regulation in Indonesia. The regulation is limited to the number of public
transportation while it makes longer queues and higher risk. Athanasiadou (1990)
argues that something that occurred and expresses it in a question become a
rhetorical question.
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Overall the data above, the writer uses a negative yes-no question as a way
to communicate. Mostly, the writer uses a rhetorical question to express the event
that occurred.
4.1.1.2 WH-Question
According to Bussmann (1996, p.1009), another type of rhetorical question
is wh-question. Wh-question here usually used by humans for asking information.
They ask usually begin with what, where, why, who, when, and how, then the
answer can be given information too. This type of Busmmann divided into two,
such as a positive wh-question and a negative wh-question. As we know, the form
of real question is similar to a rhetorical question. Furthermore, based on Betty
Azar (2002, p.448), there is a question word + helping verb + subject + main
verb + question mark in positive wh-question. On the other hand, in negative wh-
question, the form is a question word + helping verb + not + subject + main verb
+ question mark.
In this section, the researcher delivers the results of the finding in expats
confession-Indonesia, especially in the wh-question’s type. The first type is a
positive wh-question. The data represents below:
4.1.1.2.1 Positive WH-Question
A positive wh-question is one of two types of wh-questions in a rhetorical
question. It called positive because the form is similar to a real question. A wh-
question begins with what, where, who, when, why, and how. Furthermore, it has
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a form that is a question word + helping verb + subject + main verb + question
mark based on Betty Azar (2002). The first example of a positive wh-question is
below:
DATA 6
The data above shows a positive wh-question. It delivers in “How deep do
the Indonesian genes run?” as a question form. In detail, it contains a question
word “how”, “do” an indicator helping verb, the subject is “the Indonesian”, the
main verb is“run”, and a question mark. It is a rhetorical question because the
writer does not expect an answer. No one can answer the writer’s question
because there is the word “Indonesia genes run” It is a ridiculous thing. It is an
impossible thing to prove how the genes run inside the body. Here, he meet a
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crossbreed Indonesian girl to figure out how Indonesian blood in Singapore he
wants to know flowed in him. Next explanation delivers in data 7 below:
DATA 7
The data above indicates a positive wh-question. It is because the pattern in
“How many Indonesian does it take to sell a cell phone?” In detail, there is a
question word “how”, the helping verb is”does”, the subject is ‘it’, and ‘take’
means main verb, and a question mark. The writer uses a rhetorical question to
communicate with other people. The rhetorical question above is a question that
useless to ask. It is because to count the employees in the phone store does not
make the number decrease. Thus, the researcher just sharing the experience and
does not need a definitive answer. In another case, a positive wh-question can be seen
in data 8 below:
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DATA 8
The data above shows a positive wh-question. It is because the question
form “What do you think we are, girls, automatic teller machines?” In complete,
it represents a question word “what”, a helping verb is “do” a, the subject is “you”
and “think” means main verb, and a question mark. Data 8 above is a rhetorical
question because the writer does not expect an answer. The writer asks to
communicate the experience during a date. Besides, no one can answer the data. It
is because someone’s personality is different, and a human cannot be compared
with things. The explanation of the use of a positive wh-question can be seen in
data 19 below:
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DATA 9
The writer does not expect an answer to ask the question. The question just
to communicate or sharing of the event occurred in Indonesia to the other people.
It is about the dress of Muslimah, where they cover all the bodies. The writer uses
ridiculous words like “walking along dressed in bedsheets and curtains” It makes
the question becomes a rhetorical question because no one wear clothes like
bedsheets and curtains. The pattern’s question above is a positive wh-question. It
delivers in the question form like “How do you even sustain a boner with all these
women walking along dressed in bedsheets and curtains?” In complete, there is a
question word “how”, a helping verb is “do”, the subject is “you”, and the main
verb is “sustain”, and a question mark.
The data above shows the intention of the writers on expats confession-
Indonesia to express their feeling. They use a positive wh-question form
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especially, use the question word “how”. Besides, the researcher finds that a
positive wh-question becomes the dominant type.
4.1.1.2.2 Negative WH-Question
This part is mainly focused on the second type of wh-question. In contrast to
the previous part, this part is named a negative wh-question because there is
adding “not”. According to Betty Azar (2002), the form of a negative wh-question
is a question word + helping verb + not + subject + main verb + question mark.
So the researcher will be delivered the examples of it below:
DATA 10
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The data above shows a negative wh-question. It is because there is a
question word “why”, a modal auxiliary verb + not is“can’t” in the question form
“why can’t you have multiple husbands?” In complete, it has the subject “you”,
“have” mentioned main verb, and a question mark. According to Spago (2016),
the question that contains what everyone does not wish for called a rhetorical
question. Through the question, the writer does not expect an answer. It is because
the writer to communicate, and there is put a stop to answering because of social
condition. Besides, no woman has multiple husbands. The next explanation
delivered in data 11 below:
DATA 11
The data above shows a negative wh-question. It is because in a question
form “why he did’nt love me as intense as for her?” mentioned a question word
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and a negative sign. In detail, there is “why” and “didn’t” helping verb + not as a
negative sign, the word “he” as a subject and, “love” is the main verb, and a
question mark. The writer here to communicate with a question, and it does not
need an answer. In context, the writer tells her relationship that her husband did
not love intense, while in his ex, the treatment is different. Based on Athanasiadau
(199), the question used by the person to be approved at the event personally as a
rhetorical question
The data above shows a negative wh-question in expats confession-
Indonesia. It is to communicate or share the experience to the other. They confess
with the other with rhetorical questions. Not many writers use this type to express
their experience.
4.1.2 The Function of Rhetorical Question
The second research problem is to identify what is the function of rhetorical
questions that dominant mentioned in expats confession-Indonesia. According to
Larson (1998, p.236), the function of rhetorical question divided into six
functions. They are to emphasizes a new fact, to communicate a suggestion or
command, to indicate doubt or uncertainty, to introduce a new topic or new aspect
of a topic, then is to show surprise, and to admonish or exhort something, the last
is to express the speaker's evaluation. Furthermore, the form of the rhetorical
question has affected the meaning of the rhetorical question. Through the example
of Larson (1998, p.236), there are three forms of rhetorical questions that
represent in a different meaning as the expression used by the writer. They are
such as impatience, noncritical or polite, and the last critical or impolite .
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4.1.2.1 To emphasize a new fact to communicate a suggestion or command
Related to something new fact around, the rhetorical question has a
function to emphasize a new fact to communicate a suggestion or command. The
speaker or the writer uses the function as an expression to communicate a fact.
The first explanation of the function is to emphasize a new fact to communicate a
suggestion or command below:
DATA 12
The data above has the form of a positive wh-question. It delivers in “How
deep do the Indonesian genes run?” as a question form. Through the pattern, the
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writer’s feeling is impatient. Besides, it represents a function to emphasize a new
fact to communicate a suggestion or command because the writer asks the mix-
blood genes run in the body. The data discuss that the writer meets a mixed
parentage and the writer curious about the deep Indonesian’s blood genes applies
in hers. Based on Spago (2016), the question has accepted that understood by the
pattern is a rhetorical question. Thus, the writer does not expect an answer, and no
one can answer the writer’s question. It is because there is the word “Indonesia
genes run” as a ridiculous thing. It is an impossible thing to prove how the genes
run inside the body. Another explanation of the function to emphasize a new fact
to communicate a suggestion or command can be seen in data 13 below:
DATA 13
It presents a rhetorical question that has a positive yes-no question. It
delivers in “is it 5 coincidences in a now or is it real?” as a question form.
Through the pattern, the writer’s feeling is impatient. In the data above, the writer
does not expect a definitive answer. Here, the writer asks about believing that
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every people will say differently. This question uses to communicate about a
person’s behavior. It can be “5 lucky coincidences,” and it can be the real action.
It is because the writer has strange events with unreasonable or supernatural
things. Besides, Athanasiadou’s statement supports the question that it is a
rhetorical question. Athanasiadou (1990) argues the question used by the person
to be approved at the event personally as a rhetorical question.
The question form is one of many ways of the writer to confess the fact. The
data above shows that the writer uses a rhetorical question to deliver a fact on the
experience. Mostly, the event occurred is personally.
4.1.2.2 To doubt or uncertainty
The function defines the aim of the writer’s feeling is doubt or uncertainty.
Doubt or uncertainty is the writer’s feeling because something happened around.
So, the audience understands what the writer’s aim. In data 14 shows the first case
of the function to doubt or uncertainty used. It can be seen below:
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DATA 14
Data 14 presents a positive wh-question. It delivers in “how do these man
not fell shame about taking money from woman?” as a question form. Through
the pattern, the writer’s manner is noncritical or polite. The data above tells the
writer’s doubt about the man expat’s behavior. The writer aims to deliver about a
man’s behaviour with no shame when dating. Usually, it should be the men to
pays foods when dating a girl. The question above indicates a rhetorical question
because the writer does not expect an answer from the audience. It supports in
Athanasiadau (1990) argues the question used by the person to be approved at the
event personally as a rhetorical question. Data 15 bellow is also another
explanation of the function is to doubt or uncertainty. The data is as follows:
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DATA 15
The data above shows the pattern a positive wh-question. It delivers in the
question form like “How do you even sustain a boner with all these women
walking along dressed in bedsheets and curtains?” Through the pattern, an
impatience as a feeling’s writer. The writer aims to confess something happened
around. It just to communicate about the behaviour of an Indonesian woman. The
writer wonders what they are doing is wrong. It is because the behaviour is
different from the country that he had before. It shows in his sentence, “I get a
boner every time I see those nice women walking in stilettos with their asses
raised like queen ants”. It represents her feeling is doubt. Besides, the writer uses
ridiculous words like “walking along dressed in bedsheets and curtains” It makes
the question becomes a rhetorical question because no one wears clothes like
bedsheets and curtains. Another explanation of the function to doubt or
uncertainty can be seen in data 16. The data is as follows:
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Data 16
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It delivers in a question
form like “Is it me or do i feel like now a days girls are treating men like trash?”
Through the pattern, the writer’s feeling is impatient. The writer delivers the
experience in the relationship used a rhetorical question. The uncertainty of his
couple makes him ask a question. Supporting with “Is it me or do i…” It means he
confuses the accident that happened just to him or other people feel too. He feels
that girl treating him like rubbish. Besides, in “treating me like trash,” it makes a
ridiculous answer, while based on Spago (2016), the type’s question shows a
rhetorical is provide a ridiculous answer.
From the data above, the writers write the doubt or uncertainty used a
rhetorical question. They confess the facts that happened around. The facts that
make the writers fell doubt or uncertainty. To prove the feeling, it gives a
supporting sentence after or before a rhetorical question. Then, supporting by
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other previous studies. As we know, a rhetorical question is the simplest way to
express the feeling during something weird or unusual happened.
4.1.2.3 To introduce new topic
To introduce a new topic here is the function in a rhetorical question.
Through this function, the speaker or the writer uses a rhetorical question as
starting the communication with others. The writer begins with a rhetorical
question and more explanation discussed after a rhetorical question. Data 17
bellow is the explanation of the function to introduce a new topic. The data is as
follows:
DATA 17
The data above shows a positive wh-question. It delivers in the pattern
“How many Indonesian does it take to sell a cell phone? Through the data, the
writer’s feeling is impatient. It has a function to introduce a new topic. It is
because the way to start the communication with the rhetorical question is
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representing a function to introduce a new topic. The writer uses a rhetorical
question to confess what happened on the cellphone, which has many employees
even they manage and offer their phone. The rhetorical question above is a
question that useless to ask. It is because to count the employees in the phone
store does not make the number decrease. Another explanation of the rhetorical
question has a function to introduce a new topic shows in data 18. The data is
taken from status 45 expats confession-Indonesia1312. The data is as follows:
Data 18
The data above presents a positive wh-question. It delivers in “Why do most
Indonesians feel the need to eat with their mouth open smacking and chewing
their food?” as a question form. Through the pattern, the writer’s feeling is
impatient. The simplest way to start communication uses a question. The writer
chooses it to start confesses the habit of Indonesian. The habit is not related to the
writer has learned or not in compliance with the writer’s routines. It makes the
writer judge like fucking annoying. Besides, the data is a rhetorical question
because the writer expresses engaged in the event personally used a question. The
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next case of the rhetorical question has a function to doubt or uncertainty shows in
data 19. The data as follows:
DATA 19
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It delivers in “Guys is it
me or does this new Capital city seem like a waste of money and time??” as a
question. Through the pattern, the writer’s feeling is impatient. The rhetorical
question above has a function to introduce a new topic. It is because the writer
starts communication with a question. The writer’s purpose is to confess the
condition of Indonesia’s regulation in government. The writer assumes to build a
new capital city as Dubai is impossible and had to think realistically. The laws in
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the writer's origin Philippine are almost the same as Indonesia. It makes it difficult
to eliminate corrupters in this country. Besides, the person who expresses engaged
in the event personally makes the question become a rhetorical question.
The data above represents a function of a rhetorical question as introduce a
new topic. The writers use the question in starting the communication. The
rhetorical question located at the begging. After a rhetorical question, there is
more explanation about the writer’s experience.
4.1.2.4 To admonish or exhort something
The function is used in the rhetorical question by the writer or the speaker to
admonish or exhort something. It uses to express the feeling of the accident
happened. Data 20 bellow is the first explanation of the function is to admonish or
exhort something. The data is as follows:
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DATA 20
The data above shows a negative yes-no question. It delivers in “Aren’t men
supposed to be providers?” as a question. Through the pattern, the writer’s
manner is critical or impolite. The rhetorical question has a function to admonish
or exhort because there is the word “supposed to”. It shows to have to respond.
The responsibility of the man to have to be the provider. The writer in the
rhetorical question aims to express the reaction of a man not as a provider.
Instead, men should be a provider, which gives anything when dating a girl. The
writer uses the data as a rhetorical question because the person expresses engaged
in the event personally. Another explanation deliver in data 21, below:
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DATA 21
The data above shows a positive wh-question. It delivers in “How are guys
supposed to know we’re matching with when you have multiple pictures with the
same gir?” Through the pattern, the writer’s feeling is impatience. The rhetorical
question aims to deliver the weird habit of ladies on dating apps. Supporting with
“are u guys supposed to know” it shows the writer distrust in that habit. Instead,
the fact that ladies over 30 need to look for men in the 50’s and the market value
goes downhill after 30, but they still did it. The word “supposed to” express
requirement or something ought to do for positive things. Thus, the function of it
is to admonish or exhort something. It is supported by the next sentence “Please
ladies if you’re over 30 you need to look for men in their 50s and that’s not even a
guarantee…” Besides, it shows a rhetorical question because the experience
occurred personally, and it means the writer is to share the moment without
expecting the answer.
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The writers use the rhetorical question to admonish or exhort something that
have been encountered. They express the admonish but do not expect an answer.
4.1.2.5 To show surprise
The next function of the rhetorical is to show surprise. Where rhetorical
questions used to express someone’s surprise at what occurred. The data 48
bellow is the first explanation of the function to show surprise. The data is taken
from exp-ats confession-Indonesia940. The data is as follows:
Data 22
The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It delivers in “is my body
just way too sensitive and weak or what?” Through the pattern, the writer’s
feeling is impatient during create the confession. The writer’s purpose to deliver
how pollution in Indonesia affected the health. The writer is surprise he get a
fever in Indonesia. It is never happen when the writer lived in Ontario. He asks
the wrong is his body or pollution. Besides, based on Athanasiadou (1990), the
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person expresses engaged in the event personally as a rhetorical question. Thus,
the question above indicates a rhetorical question.
The data above shows a function of showing surprise as an expression of the
writer when confessing the fact. It indicates the function because the sentences
before or after support are usually from the experience of the writer.
4.1.2.6 To express the speaker’s evaluation
The next function is used in the rhetorical question is to express the
speaker’s evaluation. It uses to express the feeling of the accident happened. Data
23 bellow is the first explanation of the function to express the speaker’s
evaluation. The data as follows:
DATA 23
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The data above shows a positive yes-no question. It represents in “Would
you sacrifice your happiness to prove your integrity?” as question form. Through
the pattern, it indicates the writer’s feeling is impatient. In context, it tells the
writer’s relationship. The writer feels frustrated with her couple looks in “It's like
turn out your dream shoes hurt your ankles, and once you've tried how comfy that
other new shoes are, you can't take them off your mind” Then, the writer
expresses all what happened to asks herself. Besides, the writer does not expect
the answer to something weird. No one wants to sacrifice happiness to prove
integrity. It is because there are many ways to prove it as long as the feeling is
happy. Another explanation in data 24 below:
Data 24
The data above indicates a positive wh-question. It represents in the question
form “What do you think we are, girls, automatic teller machines?” Through the
pattern, the writer’s feeling is impatient. The writer’s purpose is to express the
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behaviour of a girl who is paid bills during a date. The writer judges that it is not
necessary. The writer feels it makes a girl like automatic teller machines. The
rhetorical question has a function to express a speaker’s evaluation because the
writer explains the accident detail. The writer asks to communicate the experience
during a date. Besides, no one can answer the data. It is because someone’s
personality is different, and a human cannot compare with things. The next case
of rhetorical question has a function to express the speaker’s evaluation in data 25.
The data as follows:
DATA 25
The data above represent a negative wh-question. It delivers in in a question
form “why he did’nt love me as intense as for her?” Through the pattern, the
writer’s manner is noncritical or polite. The data has a function to express a
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speaker’s evaluation. It is because the writer explains the relationship clearly.
Means, the writer explains step by step until the writer breaks up. It is an
experience that happened by himself. Based on Athanasiadau (199), the question
used by the person to be approved at the event personally as a rhetorical question.
Thus, the data above is a rhetorical question
The data above shows the rhetorical question has a function to express the
speaker’s evaluation. It is because the rhetorical question describes the speaker’s
expression during something happened.
4.2 Discussion
In this section, the researcher discusses the finding of the data. This study
focuses on the types and the functions of the rhetorical question in expats
confession-Indonesia fan page Facebook. The researcher here finds all the types
and the functions of the rhetorical questions. Mostly, the writer uses wh-question
to deliver the experience. It delivers the writer’s experience. It is something from
what has happened.
In the first research problem, the researcher finds that the writer uses wh-
question, mainly positive to deliver a negative assertion. It can be seen in data 6-9.
Busmann (1996) explains that the types of rhetorical questions divided into two,
which are yes-no questions and wh-question. Both of them have two types, such
as positive and negative. As we know, the pattern of the rhetorical question is
similar to real question. Betty Azar's (2002, p. 448) argues the form of wh-
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question is a question word + helping verb + subject + main verb + question
mark.
Moreover, in the second research problem, the researcher finds that the
function to admonish or exhort something is a dominant used by the writer in
rhetorical question on expats confession-Indonesia fan page Facebook. Mostly,
the writer is mentioned word like “supposed to” to express admonish or exhort
something. It is because based on Cambridge Dictionary “supposed to” express
requirement or something ought to be done for positive things. The function to
emphasize a new topic to communicate a suggestion or command is the second
most frequently used by the writer. The writer delivers to communicate a
suggestion or command to the other person.
Regarding the study of Yulinda (2017) that analyzed the function of
rhetorical question in the novel five on a treasure island, she found to confirm as
the most frequently used by the speaker. Then, followed by to show surprise is the
second function frequently applied in the novel, and to admonish as the most
infrequent used by the speaker in the novel. Meanwhile, this study to admonish
becomes the dominant function used by the writer and to show surprise as the
most infrequent in Expats Confession-Indonesia.
Furthermore, based on Spago (2016) that explain a real question and a
rhetorical question have the same pattern, and can be interpreted as rhetorical
question based on context. Then, the question form can show as a rhetorical
question in 7 ways. One of the ways is semantic incompatibility here is the most
way used by the speaker. Something useless, less beneficial, and unpleasant is
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asked by the speaker included in semantic incompatibility. Agreeing with Spago
(2016), this study found the semantic incompatibility as the way used by the
speaker. It shows in data 1,6,8,9,10 and others implicitly. Those are the data easier
to understand in the semantic incompatibility applied. Not only that, the study
conducted by Grey (2013), mostly the writers used a rhetorical question to deliver
their purposes in the status on Facebook. His result support this study to focuses
on the rhetorical question.
Thus, in this research, the researcher expected that everyone knows the
implied meaning of rhetorical questions. Besides, based on Larson (1998, p. 236),
the rhetorical questions do not expect the answer. It is a way to communicate in
conveying information, advice, and orders. Therefore, by reading this research,
the reader is expected to open the minds and be able to interpret what the writer
meant when using rhetorical questions.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
In chapter five, the researcher represents two points. The first is conclusions
and the last is suggestions.
5.1 Conclusion
Through the discussion in chapter four can be concluded that on Expats
Confession-Indonesia fan page Facebook, the researcher finds all types and
functions of the rhetorical question. Each type was divided into two a positive,
and a negative yes-no question, then is a positive and a negative wh-questions. In
expats confession-Indonesia, the researcher finds a positive wh-question as a
dominant type. Mostly, the expats are used the question word “how.”
Moreover, in this study, the researcher finds all the six functions of
rhetorical questions. The dominant function used by the expat is to admonish or
exhort something. As we know, there are three kinds of feeling related to the
pattern. Related to the positive pattern, it means the aim’s expat to admonish with
an impatience feeling to something or experiences around.
5.2 Suggestions
The researcher expects in the next researcher in-depth research on the form
that influenced the secondary function to know the speaker’s feeling when they
asking a question. The next researchers can choose another object in grammatical
56

form. Not just this, the researcher also expected the audience to provide further
insight into the rhetorical question.
57

REFERENCES
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message effectiveness. International Journal of Humanities and Social
Science. Vol1.11 (pp.290-299).
Athanasiadou, A. (1991). The discourse function of questions. Pragmatics: 1.1: 107-
122.
Aycan, Z., & Kanungo, R. (1997). Current issues and future challenges in
expatriate management. In Z. Aycan (Ed.), Expatriate Management:
Theory and Research (pp. 245-260). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
Brewster, C. (2017). Theorizing the meaning(s) of expatriate: Establishing
boundary conditions for business expatriates. The International Journal
of Human Resource Management (FORTHCOMING).
Busmann, H. (1996). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.
London:Routledge
Castree, N; Rob K; Alisdair R. (2013). A Dictionary of Human Geography (1st ED).
Oxford University Press
Finalyson, A. (2012). Rhetoric and the political theory of ideologies. 60. 751-767.
University of east Anglia.
Han, C. (2002). Interpreting interrogative as rhetorical questions. LINGUA. 112.
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Ilie, C. (1994) What Else Can I Tell You? A Pragmatic Study of English Rhetorical
Questions as Discursive and Argumentative Acts. Stockholm: Almqvist
& Wiksell International.
Larson, M. L. (1998). Meaning –based translation: a guide to cross-language
equivalent (2nd edition).New York: University Press of America.
Martin, J. (2015). Situating Speech: A rhetorical approach to political strategy.
Political Studies Association. Vol63, 25-42. DOOI: 10.1111/1467
9248.12039
Orkibi, E. (2015). ‘new politics’, new media – new political language? A rhetoal
perspective on candidates’ self-presentation in electronic campaigns in
the 2013 israeli elections. Routladge Taylor & Francis Group.21.2, 277-
292. Ariel Univeristy
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Grammar of
Contemporary English: A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
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analysis of the debate concerning the regulation of
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Midwifery in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Medical Humanities. 27, 167-
86. DOI: 10.1007/ s10912-006-9016-7
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Media Dialog. (pp. 310-319). Association for computational linguistics.
Germany
Spago, D. (2017). Rhetorical questions or rhetorical uses of question?.
ExELL. 4.2 (2016):102-115. Dzemal Bijedic niveristy of Mostar
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RHETORICAL QUESTION IN EXPATS CONFESSION-

INDONESIA FAN PAGE FACEBOOK

Alisia, E. (2020). Rhetorical Question in Expats Confessions-Indonesia Fan Page

Keywords: rhetorical question, types of rhetorical question, function of rhetorical

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

Alisia, E. (2020). Rhetorical Question in Expats Confessions-Indonesia Fan Page

Kata Kunci: pertanyaan retoris, tipe-tipe pertanyaan retoris, fungsi pertanyaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tipe-tipe dan fungsi dari

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

1.2 Problems of the Study................................................................... 6

1.3 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 6

1.4 Scope and Limitation .................................................................... 7

1.5 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................... 7

2.2 Types of Rhetorical Question ..................................................... 10

2.3 The Function of Rhetorical Question ......................................... 11

2.4 Expats .......................................................................................... 12

2.5 Expats Confession-Indonesia...................................................... 13

CHAPTER III ......................................................................................... 14

3.2 Data Collection............................................................................ 14

3.2.1 Research Data ...................................................................... 14

3.2.2 Data Source .......................................................................... 15

3.2.3 Research Instruments ......................................................... 15

3.2.4 Techniques of Data Collection. ........................................... 15

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

4.1.1 Types of Rhetorical Question .................................................. 21

4.1.2 The Function of Rhetorical Question ..................................... 36

4.2 Discussion ....................................................................................... 53

5.2 Suggestions ..................................................................................... 56

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digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

Figures ................................................................................................ Pages

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limitation, and the last is the definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the study

needs perhaps. According to Brewster, C. (2017, p. 4-5), expatriate or expats is a

help them to get information about their country soon.

Expats Confessions-Indonesia. It contains the confessions of the expats from

many countries such as American, Australian, Philippines, Chines, and others. It

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

The expats deliver their confession through a statement, a question, a story, a

According to Spago (2017, p. 103), the rhetorical question’s characteristic is

to achieve something that elicits a definitive answer. Then, based on

Athanasiadou (1991, p. 108), a question is not asking an answer but aims to

The information behind the rhetorical question is an interesting one.

question to make a statement and command. The rhetorical question’s pattern is

mentioned question words, a helping verb, and a question mark.

The researcher conducted this research is inspired by the previous studies.

professional interest: a rhetorical analysis of the debate concerning the regulation

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

relevance of the rhetorical analysis for understanding health's discursive

political theory, strategies, and thought. Especially in the application and

developed political theory, strategies, and thought in the rhetorical question

approach. Martin (2015) had titled situating speech: a rhetorical approach to

political strategy. It focused on the development insights of the recent work in

places and times from President Kennedy's inaugural address.

Besides, Finlayson (2012) explored rhetoric in the politics of ideologies. It

researcher used descriptive qualitative. He compared Michael Fradeen's

morphological analysis and Ernesto Laclau's discourse analysis. The conclusion of

assemblages conceptual in political strategy and clarify political articulations.

Next, Orkibi (2015) explained the rhetorical perspective on candidates 'self-

presentation' in automated campaigns in the 2013 Israeli elections. This study

focused on the electronic campaign's rhetorical dimension and the three

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