#3
Realism External world of solid reality.
Man can only comprehend it through
senses
Pragmatism Instruction is organized around problem-
solving following the steps of the scientific
method - emphasizes the need to act on
concepts by testing them.
Existentialism Existence precedes essence”. Focuses on
the freedom of a person
Perennialism Teaches the students the eternal truth,
uses ideas that lasted for centuries.
Essentialism . Only the basic and practical subjects
should be taught to students and focuses
on character development and moral
values.
Progressivis Individuality, process, and change are
m basic to a student’s education. Education
focus on the whole child.
Idealism Focuses on the conscious reasoning of the
mind.
A subject-matter curriculum stressing
objective knowledge and values. Reality is
objective, meaning everyone should obtain
the same results regardless of what he
does or how he considers concepts.
Students are passive.
Like learning by doing of Dewey. Learning
through experiences. Students are
prepared for social roles and
responsibilities. Students are not passive
rather, active.
The role of the students is to enhance
his/her potential.
The role of a teacher is to guide the
students.
Focuses on human concerns that have
caused concern for centuries, revealed
through 'great works'. Teacher feels that
the knowledge that has been passed
through the ages should be continued as
the basis of the curriculum. They do not
illicit student input.
Teaches students on how to become
productive member of the society.
This is a student-centered form of
instruction where students follow the
scientific method of questioning and
searching for the answer. Evaluations
include projects and portfolios. The
teacher is a facilitator rather than the
center of the educational process
Focuses on a subject-matter, curriculum
emphasizing the great ideas of the culture.
Characters are developed through
education. Students are passive like in
realism.
#4

I believe that each child is a unique individual who needs a secure, caring, and stimulating atmosphere in
which to grow and mature emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. It is my desire as a
educator to help students meet their fullest potential in these areas by providing an environment that is
safe, supports risk-taking, and invites a sharing of ideas. There are three elements that I believe are
conducive to establishing such an environment, (1) the teacher acting as a guide, (2) allowing the child's
natural curiosity to direct his/her learning, and (3) promoting respect for all things and all people.

When the teacher's role is to guide, providing access to information rather than acting as the primary
source of information, the students' search for knowledge is met as they learn to find answers to their
questions. For students to construct knowledge, they need the opportunity to discover for themselves
and practice skills in authentic situations. Providing students access to hands-on activities and allowing
adequate time and space to use materials that reinforce the lesson being studied creates an opportunity
for individual discovery and construction of knowledge to occur.

Equally important to self-discovery is having the opportunity to study things that are meaningful and
relevant to one's life and interests. Developing a curriculum around student interests fosters intrinsic
motivation and stimulates the passion to learn. One way to take learning in a direction relevant to
student interest is to invite student dialogue about the lessons and units of study. Given the opportunity
for input, students generate ideas and set goals that make for much richer activities than I could have
created or imagined myself. When students have ownership in the curriculum, they are motivated to
work hard and master the skills necessary to reach their goals.

Helping students to develop a deep love and respect for themselves, for others, and their environment
occurs through an open sharing of ideas and a intelligent approach to discipline. Students who are true
citizens, who have strong desire to serve the country, and work for its development. When the voice of
each student is heard, and environment evolves where students feel free to express themselves. Class
meetings are one way to encourage such dialogue. I believe children have greater respect for their
teachers, their peers, and the lessons presented when they feel safe and sure of what is expected of
them. In setting fair and consistent rules initially and stating the importance of every activity, students
are shown respect for their presence and time. In turn they learn to respect themselves, others, and
their environment.

For me, teaching provides an opportunity for continual learning and growth. One of my hopes as an
educator is to instill a love of learning in my students, as I share my own passion for learning with them.
I feel there is a need for compassionate, strong, and dedicated individuals who are excited about
working with children. In our competitive society it is important for students to not only receive a solid
education making sure that they have the necessary competencies, but to work with someone who is
aware of and sensitive to their individual needs. I am such a person and will always strive to be the best
educator that I can be.
#5

Max Weber- He developed the bureaucratic theory. He believed that organizations should be managed
impersonally and that a formal organizational structure, where specific rules were followed, was
important. In other words, he didn't think that authority should be based on a person's personality. He
thought authority should be something that was part of a person's job and passed from individual to
individual as one person left and another took over. Weber believed that all bureaucracies have the
following characteristics:

A well‐defined hierarchy. All positions are structured in a way that the higher positions supervise and
control the lower positions. To facilitates control and order throughout the organization.

Division of labor and specialization. All responsibilities in an organization are specialized so that each
employee has the necessary expertise to do a particular task. The work become more effective and
efficient.

Rules and regulations. Standard operating procedures to follow and facilitate coordination.

Impersonal relationships between managers and employees. Managers establish rapport with
employees so that favoritism and personal favor do not influence decisions.

Competence. Not “who you know,” should be the basis for all decisions made in hiring, job assignments,
and promotions in order to foster ability and merit as the primary characteristics of a bureaucratic
organization.

Records. The organization needs to maintain complete files regarding all its activities.