Bypass System

A. general
This system is a simple bypass control system. Its main function is an interlock
protection for the unit. The following measures should be taken then the bypass system
will be proper functioning.
1）No condensed water on bypass pipe；
2）Bypass pipe should be preheated
B、Bypass commissioning sequence
1 ） Bypass actuator without failures (Otherwise prompt "Bypass Valve Failure") When
the above conditions are satisfied, "bypass allows input"
2）Start the following interlock
（1）Low bypass temperature valve put automatic mode on(Valve position lower limit is
10%),or manually open the valve to make opening degree greater than 4%. Low bypass
spray isolation valves, low bypass three stage temperature reduction spray valves fully
open; low bypass three stage temperature reduction spray isolation valves open;
（2）Low bypass pressure valve put in manual
（3）High bypass pressure valve put in manual
（ 4 ） High bypass pressure valve’s opening degree greater than 4%; water shut-off
valve open
（ 5 ） High bypass pressure valve’s opening degree greater than 4%; unlock the high
bypass temperature valve
C、 high bypass valve override close
1）temperature is higher than 390℃ last for 10 seconds.
2）spray water pressure low last for 20 seconds
3) Steam turbine tripped, LP BP closed and steam pressure before LP BP is higher
than 2.5MPa.
4）LP BP override close and steam pressure before LP BP is higher than 2.5MPa(to
be determined)
5）steam pressure before HP BP is higher than 8MPa and steam pressure before LP
BP is higher than 5MPa
D、HPBP override open(pending)
Necessary conditions: HP BP interlock on, without HP BP override signal, LP BP
opening degree is higher than 4%, and pressure at the front of turbine is higher than
6MPa.
When any of the following conditions are true, HP BP will override open: opening
degree proportional to the load
1）Turbine trip
2）Generator trip
3）increasing rate of steam pressure is higher than 1.8 MPa/min (15% opening)
E、LP BP override close
1）Condenser temperature is high
2）steam temperature after LP BP is high
3）Condenser water level is high high
4）Condenser vacuum is low
5）manual
F、LPBP override open (pending)
Necessary conditions: LP interlock on, without LPBP override close signal.
When any of the following conditions are true, LPBP will override open: opening degree
proportional to the load
1）HPBP override open
2）Turbine overspeed 110%
G Bypass adjustment function
1） HPBP adjustment function

The bypass is designed to “Start Bypass”. There are four parameters including HPBP
minimum pressure, HPBP minimum opening, HPBP maximum opening and impulse
starting pressure need to be set during unit startup. BP Startup is divided into four
stages. First stage names constant opening, keep HPBP valve at minimum opening and
steam pressure at the front turbine increasing with boiler output. First stage end When
HPBP pressure reaches minimum pressure. Second stage names fixed pressure. HPBP
maintain minimum pressure, and HPBP opening increase with boiler output. Second
stage end when HPBP pressure reaches maximum opening. Third stage names
constant opening. HPBP maintain maximum opening and HPBP pressure increase with
boiler output. Third stage end when steam pressure before turbine reaches impulse
starting pressure. The last stage names fixed pressure. Keep steam pressure before
turbine at impulse starting pressure. HPBP opening will change with boiler output. BP
starting process end when unit load is more than 75MW( to be determined),HPBP
closed and steam pressure before turbine is higher than 5.88MPa.In normal operating
conditions, when the high bypass pressure valve is closed or the load is greater than
30%, the high bypass pressure set point will be automatically 1MPa higher than the
turbine front pressure，to ensure high bypass pressure valve fully closed under normal
operating conditions.

2） HPBP temperature adjustment

HPBP temperature adjustment prevents the Reheater from overheat, use pressure
valve instruction and pressure before HPBP as feed-forward to improve the response
speed. Using saturated temperature of HPBP outlet added 20 as HPBP temperature
setpoint to control the inlet temperature of reheater. When the opening degree of HPBP
pressure valve is lower 3%, HPBP temperature valve override shut off
3） LPBP pressure adjustment
Using The lower selector between f(x) output of load and F(X) output of LPBP pressure
setpoint added bias as the final LPBP pressure setpoint

4） LPBP spray adjustment

Using f(x) output of LPBP outlet pressure added bias as the final LPBP temperature
setpoint. Using F(X) output of RH steam pressure and LPBP pressure valve instruction
as feed-forward to improve the response speed
Once LPBP pressure valve closed, LPBP spray valve override close.